Content uploaded by Nils Hallenberg
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Nils Hallenberg
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Mating biology in Peniophora cinerea (Basidiomycetes)
Abstract and Figures
Mating tests were performed to analyze the genetic relationship between two intersterile sibling species in Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cooke in Europe. Two newly collected specimens from North Europe were found to be compatible with both sibling species, which strongly suggests a close genetic relationship and a sterility barrier of simple genetic origin. The two sibling species, which differ in their substrate selectivity, are accepted as subspecies. One subspecies is restricted to decorticated wood of Fagus, and occasionally the fruit bodies are associated with insect galls. Intersterility was also found in some combinations with two other specimens from Canada and Turkey, but no linkage was found with a particular substrate. Specimens from Taiwan were found to be partially compatible with specimens from Europe, Turkey, and Canada. Distinct differences between the subspecies were found in banding patterns from isoelectric focusing of buffer-soluble mycelial proteins. It is proposed that the kind of intersterility found here is intraspecific and should be looked upon as part of a propagation strategy. Key words: speciation, evolution, Basidiomycetes, isoelectric focusing, insect gall, mating test.
Figures - uploaded by Nils Hallenberg
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Nils Hallenberg
Content may be subject to copyright.
... (Hallenberg & al., 2007) and Peniophora cinerea (Pers.) Cooke (Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992). These results could be a further indication of incomplete lineage sorting between very closely related taxa and could also reflect kind of ecological strategy for species establishing on still-attached branches (see Boidin & al., 1998;Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992), with only minor molecular differences but some alteration in host preference (e.g., V. alni and V. coryli). ...
... Cooke (Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992). These results could be a further indication of incomplete lineage sorting between very closely related taxa and could also reflect kind of ecological strategy for species establishing on still-attached branches (see Boidin & al., 1998;Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992), with only minor molecular differences but some alteration in host preference (e.g., V. alni and V. coryli). Cystidia present in some species. ...
Vuilleminia is a corticioid genus common in Europe whose species inhabit decaying and dead attached wood of angiosperms. To examine the circumscription of the genus and the phylogenetic relationships among its species, we analyzed nuclear ribosomal sequence data from the ITS region and the LSU gene with maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods and also studied morphological characters. Our results challenge the notion that spore size and host specificity are critically important factors in delimiting species of Vuilleminia. A taxonomic summary of the accepted species in Vuilleminia is provided. Vuilleminia species described from the South America and Africa are demonstrated to be distinct from those of the north temperate region. Australovuilleminia coccinea gen. & sp. nov. is proposed for the taxon previously reported as V. comedens from New Zealand. Punctulariopsis gen. nov. is proposed for V. subglobispora described from Argentina (= Punctulariopsis subglobispora) and V. obducens from Ethiopia (= Punctulariopsis obducens). Vuilleminia is shown to be a monophyletic genus, apparently north hemispheric, and currently comprises six species. Vuilleminia together with the closely related genera Cytidia and Australovuilleminia form a well‐supported clade (Vuilleminia clade) and the family name Vuilleminiaceae is resurrected to recognize this clade. Vuilleminia quercina (= Corticium quercicola) is not closely related to the other Vuilleminia species and is instead nested in a completely different clade (Corticium clade). A new genus Marchandiopsis is erected for this taxon.
... (Hallenberg & al., 2007) and Peniophora cinerea (Pers.) Cooke (Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992). These results could be a further indication of incomplete lineage sorting between very closely related taxa and could also reflect kind of ecological strategy for species establishing on still-attached branches (see Boidin & al., 1998;Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992), with only minor molecular differences but some alteration in host preference (e.g., V. alni and V. coryli). ...
... Cooke (Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992). These results could be a further indication of incomplete lineage sorting between very closely related taxa and could also reflect kind of ecological strategy for species establishing on still-attached branches (see Boidin & al., 1998;Hallenberg & Larsson, 1992), with only minor molecular differences but some alteration in host preference (e.g., V. alni and V. coryli). Cystidia present in some species. ...
Vuilleminia is a corticioid genus common in Europe whose species inhabit decaying and dead attached wood of angiosperms. To examine the circumscription of the genus and the phylogenetic relationships among its species, we analyzed nuclear ribosomal sequence data from the ITS region and the LSU gene with maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods and also studied morphological characters. Our results challenge the notion that spore size and host specificity are critically important factors in delimiting species of Vuilleminia. A taxonomic summary of the accepted species in Vuilleminia is provided. Vuilleminia species described from the South America and Africa are demonstrated to be distinct from those of the north temperate region. Australovuilleminia coccinea gen. & sp. nov. is proposed for the taxon previously reported as V. comedens from New Zealand. Punctulariopsis gen. nov. is proposed for V. subglobispora described from Argentina (= Punctulariopsis subglobispora) and V. obducens from Ethiopia (= Punctulariopsis obducens). Vuilleminia is shown to be a monophyletic genus, apparently north hemispheric, and currently comprises six species. Vuilleminia together with the closely related genera Cytidia and Australovuilleminia form a well-supported clade (Vuilleminia clade) and the family name Vuilleminiaceae is resurrected to recognize this clade. Vuilleminia quercina (= Corticium quercicola) is not closely related to the other Vuilleminia species and is instead nested in a completely different clade (Corticium clade). A new genus Marchandiopsis is erected for this taxon.
... In the compatible matings, the AA group showed limited dikaryotization ("semicompatible") with the PN1 group and normal dikaryotization ("compatible") with the PN2 group. It has been reported in some basidiomycetous fungi that when specimens from widely separated geographic areas or different substrates were mated in vitro, partial compatibility was observed, even between specimens that are morphologically similar or indistinguishable from each other (Macrae 1967;Duncan 1972;Kemp 1974;Boidin 1986;Bresinsky et al. 1987;Wells and Wong 1989;Chamuris 1991;Hallenberg 1991;Vilgalys 1991;Gordon and Petersen 1992; Hallenberg and Larsson 1992;Petersen 1992Petersen , 1995Fischer 1994;Murakami and Tsuneda 1995). Several of these sources also reported that limited dikaryotization frequently occurred in the confrontation area of compatible matings. ...
Mating tests among strains of Lentinula edodes distributed in Asia-Australasia were conducted. As a result, 26 strains were classified into three groups: 2 strains from Mt. Wilhelm in Papua New Guinea (PN1 group) showed intersterility with 7 strains from Mt. Albert Edward and Mt. Kaisenik in Papua New Guinea (PN2 group) and semicompatibility (clamp formation restricted to contact zone between paired monokaryons) with 17 strains from Asia-Australasia (AA group), whereas the strains of the PN2 group showed compatibility with the AA group. These results suggest that the shiitake populations distributed in Asia-Australasia including Papua New Guinea are in the process of speciation.
... ,Hallenberg & Larsson 1992, Telleria & Melo 1992, Telleria et al. 2009a, Andreasen & Hallenberg 2009, Bernicchia & Gorjón 2010). P. cinerea occurs on around 15 different substrates in the Canary Islands, most of them Canarian endemisms (Adenocarpus viscosus subsp. ...
A revision of the genus Peniophora in the high mountain of Tenerife (Teide National Park) is presented. Seven species were recorded, of which P. nuda was the most common. P. Violaceolivida is new to the Canary Islands, as well as P. limitata for Tenerife. Peniophora samples were collected exclusively on seven endemic vascular plant species of all the potential substrates (≈ 20), and all Peniophora species were registered on Spartocytisus supranubius, which is a dominant legume species with a wide distribution in the study area.
... whether they belonged to one biological species as well as to one morphospecies). Unlike some corticioid basidiomycetes (Hallenberg 1991; Hallenberg & Larsson 1992), in which B94001 Received 23 December 1993; accepted 13 May 1994 single morphospecies have been reported to show both heterothallic and homothallic behaviour, agaric taxa appear to be quite constant in their mating systems. Whether this is true at supraspecific ranks (i.e. ...
A bifactorial mating system, a detailed morphological description, and intercompatibility among three Tasmanian collections are reported for Conchomyces bursaeformis. Collections of Pleurotopsis longinqua from New Zealand, Tasmania, and western North America were intercompatible, and subsp. pacificus is judged to be superfluous. Collections of Pleurotus rattenburyi from New Zealand and Tasmania were universally intercompatible.
Mise au point sur les Peniophoraceae str. sensu, c'est-a-dire a sporees roses ou orangees, a gloeo-ou sulfo-cystides, comprenant les genres Peniophora, Dendrophora et Duportella. Cle des 40 especes de la zone nord non tropicale ; P. gilbertsonii nov. sp. ; cas de 4 «ultraspecies ».
Peniophora junipericola is a decayer on dead junipers (Juniperus communis). It is locally-common near the shores of the Baltic Sea. The aim of the present study was to characterise its habitat requirements by measuring the diameter of the substrate, as well as the stage of decay and the pH values of the infested twigs. Precipitation at the localities where P. junipericola is present was also taken into account. The results of the study show that the fungus can grow on thin and thick juniper branches as well as on hard, newly dead ones and on twigs more or less decayed. Most of its habitats are situated close to the sea.
Six species of the genus Polyporus s. str. from which monosporic cultures were obtained, were studied to investigate their sexual compatibility. All species tested have an heterothallic multifactorial tetrapolar system. Results of intraspecific matings indicated a certain reproductive isolation of the Argentine and Brazilian collections of P. tenuiculus. Interspecific matings confirmed the separation of the species P. ciliatus and P. tucumanensis as well as P. dictyopus and P. melanopus. Di-mon matings allowed the separation of P. tenuiculus from P. philippinensis.
Earlier investigations have shown that Phlebia livida is a species complex, comprising two interincompatible sibling taxa. It is here reported that one of these sibling taxa is compatible with a representative of Phlebia cacao which is assigned to late synonymy of P. livida. The two sibling taxa are described as subspecies, separated by differences in substrate selectivity, interincompatibility, isoelectric protein banding patterns, while differences in fruit-body morphology and culture characters are mainly accessory.
Phylogenetic relationships in Peniophora were investigated using ITS sequences from nuclear rDNA. The result was compared with parsimony analysis based on morphological characters, and a traditional classification based on basidiome morphology. Sixty-four specimens belonging to 24 species in Peniophora were sequenced. In particular, ITS2 sequences gave a good resolution in phylogenetic analyses and 3 distinct clades were distinguished. Intraspecific variation was constantly low in ITS2, and rarely exceeded 2%. In ITS1, the variation in certain species was considerable and hence most confidence was placed on the results from ITS2. Intercompatibility tests were done for the representatives of each taxon. In some species, intersterility had been found between representatives regarded as conspecific on morphological criteria. Such sibling species were not separated from each other in ITS2 sequences.
Evolutionary processes inCorticiaceae (wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes) are discussed on the basis of sibling species analysis, colonization strategies, and the known present distribution. It is proposed that the phylogenetical differentiation of basidiocarp structures may be very old and many species have remained unchanged. Subsequent evolution has to a great part been the effect of biological interaction with the environment, like colonization of new substrata, and the formation of species complexes may be a consequence of this. The amount of spores liberated from a single basidiocarp is regarded as an adaptive character for dispersal mainly in the immediate environment. The actual, wide distribution of many species is supposed to be associated with expansion of pertaining forest types in the past. When rapid expansion of a species occurs it is likely to be connected with occupation of a new ecological niche. Finally, the consequences for fungal communities in modern forestry are discussed.
Scytinostroma galactinum is a species complex and contains two inter-incompatible species with similar basidiocarp and cultural morphology. The two species can be distinguished by substrate and isozyme analysis. Scytinostroma galactinum occurs on woody gymnosperms and occasionally on angiosperms throughout North America. Scytinostroma protrusum, comb. nov., is found on angiospermous wood. Two subspecies of S. protrusum are recognized based on physiological and distributional data. Scytinostroma protrusum subsp. septentrionale, subsp. nov., occurs primarily in the northern United States and is less tolerant of gallic acid than S. protrusum subsp. protrusum, which occurs in the southern United States. Basidiocarp and cultural descriptions of S. galactinum are provided. Scytinostroma protrusum is tetrapolar and multiallelic at the mating type locus.
Speciation and species concepts were investigated for the Collybia dryophila complex. Mating compatibility studies show that all members of the C. dryophila complex have a heterothallic tetrapolar mating system and that several intercompatible groups are broadly distributed over several continents including North America, Europe and Asia. Intersterility between different groups is associated with isozyme differences. Isozyme variation between some pairs of intercompatible mating groups from different continents suggests that geographic isolation (allopatry) may be important during speciation in these fungi. Combined evidence from mating compatibility, isozymes, DNA hybridization, and morphology were used to assess patterns of divergence associated with speciation. Results of phylogenetic analysis indicate that speciation in these fungi is gradual and involves many steps that are not linked in any particular sequence with the development of prezygotic intersterility barriers. Varying patterns of speciation in these and other fungi have important implications for the species concept. Limitations of the biological species concept are discussed, and instead a phylogenetic based species concept is proposed, which provides information about evolutionary relationships among allopatric mating groups based on combined data from mating compatibility, morphology and macromolecules. New combinations are proposed for C. ocior ssp. brunneola and C. alpina ssp. subsulphurea.
Previous studies of Heterobasidion annosum have shown the existence of two intersterility groups (biological species) designated "S" and "P." Nearly complete intersterility exists between Finnish representatives of the two groups; however, a significant degree of interfertility exists between North American "S" and "P" groups. Analyses of progeny from laboratory crosses of North American representatives of the "S" and "P" groups identified five genes that specify intersterile and interfertile mating reactions. Segregation of alleles was observed for four of the five genes, linkage analysis was performed, and a model for the interaction of these genes is proposed. The genetic basis of biological species in higher fungi is discussed.
Mating tests were performed in vitro to determine interfertility patterns among eastern North American populations of Peniophora cinera, and two sympatric sibling species of the P. cinerea complex in Europe. No intersterile groups were detected in eastern North America. Reproductive isolation between the two European species reported previously by Hallenberg was verified. Since one sibling species is apparently restricted to the wood of Fagus sylvatica, speciation accompanied by substratum specialization is indicated. Intercontinental pairings showed that American P. cinerea is partially reproductively isolated from the two European sibling species.
Isolates from wood, fruit body tissue and single basidiospores of Stereum gausapatum from several locations in South-West England showed several types of reaction when paired on 2% malt agar. ‘Compatible’ reactions resulted in the formation of a distinct secondary mycelium between monospore isolates. ‘Lytic’ reactions resulted in the development, between monospore isolates, of a crescent-shaped zone of appressed mycelium bounded by regions of liquid droplet exudation. In pairings between sibs, the distribution of these two reaction types showed a reciprocal relationship depending on which fruit body had been used for isolation. In non-sib pairings the compatible reaction predominated although, as in a few sib pairings, in many instances it appeared to follow an initial lytic reaction. A narrow pigmented zone of ‘mutual antagonism’ was usually formed between different wood or fruit body tissue isolates, or laboratory-produced secondary mycelia, and also between certain non-compatible/non-lytic combinations of monospore sibs. Some interactions between monospore sibs were ‘weak’, with little or no pigment production or other obvious effect.
These observations suggest that S. gausapatum is heterothallic and that there is a link between the mechanisms underlying the lytic and compatible reactions. The implications in the infection biology of S. gausapatum and in relation to findings for other Stereum spp. are discussed.
Mating experiments were conducted to determine the existence of biological species (intersterility groups) of the root-rotting fungus, Heterobasidion annosum (Basidiomycotina, Homobasidiomycetes) in North America. Initial screening utilized tester strains from Finland and identified representatives of both the "S" and "P" intersterility groups. Pairings of North American "S" group strains with North American "P" group strains, however, revealed a significant degree of interfertility between the two groups. The data indicate that intersterility is under the regulation of simple, Mendelian determinants. These genes are distinct and separable from the mating-type (incompatibility) locus. The data suggest that H. annosum is undergoing speciation and may make an attractive model system for the study of evolutionary processes in higher fungi.
Little is known about genetic differentiation during speciation in fungi. The Collybia dryophila complex (Basidiomycetes: Tricholomataceae) contains several closely related groups of fungi at various levels of evolutionary divergence. Mating compatibility studies show there are several intersterile groups within the complex, three of which are distributed over two or more continents. Genetic relationships among five intersterility groups were compared by the method of DNA.DNA hybridization. Clustering techniques were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of these fungi. Genic identity based on DNA.DNA hybridization corresponds well with mating compatibility. Reduced genic identity was observed between geographically isolated populations of a single mating group. This evidence suggests an allopatric mode of evolution for the C. dryophila group. These results indicate extensive genic divergence is associated with the appearance of intersterility barriers in basidiomycetous fungi. The levels of divergence observed in these and in other fungi are significantly higher than that observed in many other eukaryotes, and this suggests that the rate of molecular or morphological evolution in fungi may differ from that found in other organisms.
Goteborg Botanical Garden1 Coll. Hallingback. GB 02 I31 Alnus glrrtinosnl Sweden, Goteborg Botanical Garden
- Main European
- Sweden
Main European type GB 00041 Sali-rl Sweden, Goteborg Botanical Garden1 Coll. Hallingback. GB 02 I31 Alnus glrrtinosnl Sweden, Goteborg Botanical Garden. GB 03121 Ulmus glabral Sweden, Narke. GB 08951 Syringa1 Sweden, Goteborg Botanical Garden1 Coll. Nordin. GB 11771 Deciduous tree1 Norway, Sogn & Fjordane. GB 11791