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Proto-Khasian and Khasi-Palaungic
... Secondly, this project is intended to highlight, as others have, the need for further exploration as to the scope of the Palaungic language family. There has been increasing work in this regard (Sidwell 2009(Sidwell , 2011, but significant questions remain. ...
... The former presents a classification of Palaungic languages based on select phonological developments, while the latter reconstructs the lexicon and phonology of the Waic sub-branch of Palaungic languages. Diffloth's (1977) classification (see Figure 2) is a strongly nested tree with the highest branch separating Danaw from the rest of the branch, in this respect repeated by Sidwell (2011) also based upon historical phonology. Later, for reasons that are not explained, Diffloth (1982) revised back his classification, demoting Danaw to a sister of Palaung-Riang, and recapitulating Mitani's (1978) division of Palaungic into Eastern and Western sub-branches (see Figure 3). ...
... As can be seen from the classifications presented by Sidwell (2011) and Lewis, Simons, and Fennig (2013), divergent issues such as whether Angkuic should be considered Eastern or Western Palaungic, and the position of Danaw, reveal a significant need for continued comparative research on the Palaungic languages. This is further revealed in the differences of Palaungic subgroupings as found in the Khasi-Palaungic relationship suggested by Sidwell (2011). ...
This paper is an effort to present a selective bibliographic compilation of Palaungic linguistic resources, as well as relevant cultural resources, totaling 341 bibliographic entries. It is expected that the resulting catalogue will list a significant portion of materials pertaining to Palaungic languages. However, this collection of resources should be considered a living document. It is assumed that there are other available resources still to be included, as well as new resources to be added. Exploring the scope of available Palaungic materials provides a forum through which those who work with or have an interest in Palaungic languages, and the people who speak them, can consult, utilize, and contribute together.
Linguists have long been interested in systems of nominal classification due to their diverse functions as well as cognitive and cultural correlates. Among others, ongoing research has focused on semantic, functional and morphosyntactic properties of complex systems such as co-occurring gender and numeral classifiers. Such approaches have typically focused on the languages of north-western South America and Papua New Guinea. This volume proposes to fill in a gap in existing research by focusing on Asia, based on case studies from languages belonging to a wide range of families, i.e., Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Dravidian, Hmong-Mien, Indo-European, Mongolic, Sino-Tibetan and Tai-Kadai as well as the language isolate Nivkh. Gender and classifiers in these languages are approached within several different perspectives, i.e., functional, typological and diachronic, thus revealing complex patterns in their lexical and pragmatic functions as well as origin, development and loss. Describing and analysing such properties is a unique and innovative contribution of the volume.
The relative constructions in several Palaungic languages (Htanaw, Wa, Lawa, Rumai Palaung, Samlong Palaung, and Rucing Palaung), here shown to be participant nominalizations, display striking mutual similarities, while conspicuously diverging from the dominant relativization strategy within the Austroasiatic family. Instead of the common n [rel (s) v (o)] pattern, the Palaungic constructions examined exhibit the following structural features: (a) rel invariably precedes the verb complex directly; (b) internal constituent order is vs(o) , with the exception of Htanaw. An unusual functional trait is additionally found in the three Palaung varieties: the construction only performs object relativization. By placing the findings in a diachronic perspective, we propose two new pathways of branch-internal syntactic change that may explain this unusual synchronic status. Among these, the lexical-to-clausal-nominalization pathway in particular offers a plausible alternative scenario to the earlier hypothesis that such verb-initial structures are inherited from Proto-Austroasiatic ( Jenny 2020 ). Furthermore, a tentatively suggested etymological origin of the relativizer, pAA * pa ‘place’, provides an account of the narrow semantics in Palaung.
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