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Subdivision of the basal Early Namurian (Early Carboniferous) in the Rhenish Massif (Germany)

January 1997
Newsletters on Stratigraphy 35(2):115-126

January 1997
35(2):115-126

Authors:

Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity

In sections of the Rhenish Massif, the early Namurian El goniatite interval (= Zone of Tumulites pseudobilinguis) can be subdivided into seven goniatite zones on the basis of girtyoceratid ammonoids. These are from bottom to top Edmooroceras pseudocoronula Zone, Edmooroceras medusa Zone, Sundernites horni Zone, Tumulites angustus Zone, Tumulites pseudobilinguis I Zone, Tumulites pseudobilinguis 2 Zone, and Tumulites pseudobilinguis 3 Zone. Its upper boundary with the E2 Zone is marked by the first occurrence of Eumorphoceras grassingtonense DUNHAM & STUBBLEFIELD 1944.

Correlation of the different stratigraphical schemes proposed for the earliest Namurian sediments of Ireland, North England, and the Rhenish Massif.

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Fig. 3

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The Late Visean and early Namurian rocks in the Edelburg (TK 1: 25000, mapsheet 4512 Men den) section. For explanation see Figure 1. Fig. 3. The Late Visean and early Namurian rocks in the Schiilk (TK 1:25000, mapsheet 4611 Hagen Hohenlimburg) section. For explanation see Figure 1.

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Figures - uploaded by Dieter Korn

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Content uploaded by Dieter Korn

Content may be subject to copyright.

    







 

    



 

  

 

   

        

          

    

       

      

 



  

    

 

       

   



1. Introduction

 

 

        

   

          

 

 



        

$ 

  

 D. and M. 

    

     







2. Historical review



 2 



 

       



   

  

 ( 

 







        

 

           



              



 



          

    

 

          



 

  







  

    



   

 

  

 

            

  

 

 



 



 

 

 = 

    



 



    





        



           

      



       

  

    

  





   

  

         





    



3. Stratigraphical sections in the Rhenish Massif

  

              



  





   

 

   

       

       

 

  

              

  

             

   

       

    

   

 

 

 R  =     

 

 

            

     

   

            

       

      

  

      



 



      

  

 

              

 

 suer!.  suerlandense 

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 







 











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 

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 

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





























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







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

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



 D. and M. 

 

         



         

        

2 

 

   

    

     



            

     

          



         



             



   

               

  

          

     

   

 

      

           

   

          

     



 



  

     



  



 

Edelburg

Scha

••

 

      

 

            

 

3.7 

       

     

  

 

  

 



  

    (Moo RE     

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





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 

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 

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 

 

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





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         

      

          

 



 

      

 



        



 

   

  

          



          

 

          





 





 E2 

            



  

 

         

           



 

           

        T   

              

   

  

             

 





 





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 



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 �

 

 



 



 

 

 

 





  

   

  X  

  

           

 

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

  

 



�  

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

 

  



 � 

 





  

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



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



 

 



� 



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

 

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













I    

N   

 

 

� 

  

� 

  

�  

 









 



           





       

  

    



          

 



     

     

   

 

  Eumohoceras pseudobilingue  

    

  

 

       





126 

           

  

  



         

  

       

    

    

  

    

   

  



  Eumohoceras.-



     

    

 

The Wenne river bank section – an excellent section for the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary based on conodonts and ammonoids (Mississippian; Rhenish Mountains, Germany)

Article

Mar 2018
NEWSL STRATIGR

We studied the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary section at the Wenne river bank (northern Rhenish Mountains) in detail for its conodont and ammonoid assemblages. A total of 40 productive conodont samples show that the base of the Serpukhovian, marked by the conodont species Lochriea ziegleri, can be precisely determined and correlated to lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic (ammonoids) marker horizons in the Neoglyphioceras suerlandense Zone. The conodont-defined boundary has a position about 0.50 metres below the base of the so-called ʻActinopteria Shaleʼ, which is a black shale index horizon allowing for lithological correlation in the Rhenish Mountains. For the first time, the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary can now precisely be determined in a section in the Rhenish Mountains; this boundary has a position significantly below the traditional Viséan-Namurian boundary.

The Serpukhovian Stage in the Verkhnyaya Kardailovka Section, South Urals

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2010

The paper describes a Serpukhovian Stage section, exposed along the Ural River near the village of Verkhnyaya Kardailovka (Bashkortostan). The section is uniquely complete and is proposed as a GSSP candidate for the base of the Serpukhovian. The Upper Visean and Serpukhovian beds are represented by relatively deep facies, which contain ammonoids, conodonts, ostracods, foraminifers, and other fossils. The section is described bed-by-bed and subdivided into zones based on four faunal groups. The lower boundary of the Serpukhovian is placed at the base of the Lochriea ziegleri conodont zone. The stratigraphic units are correlated with synchronous beds of the East European Platform, the Donets Basin, Western Europe, Central Asia, and North America. KeywordsSerpukhovian Stage-Visean Stage-GSSP-Verkhnyaya Kardailovka-foraminifers-ostracods-conodonts-ammonoids

Reply to the comment on “A global review of the Late Mississippian (Carboniferous) Gigantoproductus (Brachiopoda) faunas and their paleogeographical, paleoecological, and paleoclimatic implications”

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2015
PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL

Facies and palaeoecology of the late Viséan Actinopteria Black Shale Event in the Rhenish Mountains (Germany, Mississippian)

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2015
Z DTSCH GES GEOWISS

The isochronous, mid-Brigantian (latest Viséan) Actinopteria Black Shale is intercalated in between upper Viséan calciturbidites within the northern part of the Rhenish Mountains (Germany). It shows characteristic mass-occurrences of the eponymous bivalve Ptychopteria (Actinopteria) lepida (Goldfuss). The case study of a classical, exceptionally well preserved outcrop in the Lüdenscheid Syncline documents the facies and palaeoecology of this event horizon. Hitherto, sediments had been regarded as deep-marine anoxic deposits, resulting from pelagic rain. Now, microfacies analysis of the mostly silicified mudstones revealed a heterogeneous sedimentary facies, showing ample evidence of current-driven microevent deposits regarded as mud turbidites. Various but simple ichnofabrics indicate mostly dysoxic conditions of the soupy sediment. Discussion of palaeobiological constraints proves the earlier assumed pseudoplanktic mode of life for Ptychopteria (Actinopteria) lepida and contradicts epibenthic colonisation by that bivalve. “Mass-occurrence” might be a compaction artefact, but occurrence on few distinct bedding planes in an interval several centimetres thick is related to an extraordinary complete sedimentary record that protected the “paper pectens” from erosion. This variant of a taphonomic epibole is termed “maximum completeness epibole”. In the case of the Actinopteria Shale, in sequence stratigraphic terms a transgressive systems tract, this bioevent is postulated to represent the maximum flooding surface with minimum sedimentary input and reworking.

Paleozoic Ammonoid Biostratigraphy

Chapter

Full-text available

Jul 2015

The time interval between the Emsian (Early Devonian) and the end of the Permian is characterized by the rapid evolution of the Ammonoidea, and this evolution is reflected by the establishment of a detailed biostratigraphical scheme. Ammonoids are, together with the conodonts, the most important stratigraphical tools for this interval. The present time resolution in terms of ammonoid biostratigraphy is highest in the Devonian (one zone has a mean of 0.9 Ma) and in the Carboniferous (about 1 Ma), while the subdivision of the Permian is much coarser (about 2.5 Ma per ammonoid zone on average).

Conodonten

Chapter

Full-text available

Jan 2006

Hans-Georg Herbig

Kurzfassung: Condonten aus dem deutschen Unterkarbon (Mississippium) wurden seit den klassischen Arbeiten von BISCHOFF (1957) und VOGES (1959, 1960) von verschiedenen Bearbeitern im Kulmbecken des Rheinischen Schiefergebirge umfassend biostratigraphisch bearbeitet. Aus den kalkarmen Unterkarbon-Abfolgen des Harzes und des Saxothuringikums (Thüringen, Frankenwald) liegen fast ausschließlich Faunenlisten vor, die im Rahmen regionaler Studien erstellt wurden; nennenswerte Faunen aus den Kohlenkalkarealen sind bisher nicht bekannt. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellte Biozonierung richtet sich nach den gebräuchlichen, international weit verbreiteten Tieferwasser-Zonierungen des Mississippiums. Die Positionen der internal über Conodonten definierten Grenzen zwischen Devon und Karbon im Niveau des Stockumer Kalkes bzw. im basalen Hangenberg-Kalk sowie zwischen Mississippium und Pennsylvanium innerhalb der Arnsberg-Schichten werden diskutiert. Die mit dem Ersterscheinen von Gnathodus homopunctatus sehr gut angenäherte, neu definierte Tournaisium-Viséum-Grenze liegt im Rheinischen Schiefergebirge an der Basis der Kieselkalk-Formation; die Conodontenabfolge im Velberter Sattel entspricht exakt derjenigen im vorgeschlagenen globalen Stratotyp und Punkt (GSSP) in Südchina. Die Diskussion, das Ersterscheinen von Lochriea ziegleri in der phylogenetische Reihe L. nodosa – L. ziegleri für eine globale Definition der Viséum–Serpukhovium- bzw. der Viséum–Namurium-Grenze heranzuziehen, wird erläutert. Eine solche Grenze wäre auch in Deutschland gut nachvollziehbar. Condonten-biofazielle Arbeiten fehlen im deutschen Unterkarbon bis auf Untersuchungen im Umfeld der Devon-Karbon-Grenze und in der Gattendorfia-Stufe (cd I). Es kann unter Heranziehung der Biofazies agglutinierender Foraminiferen gezeigt werden, dass zumindest in Deutschland die unterkarbonischen Polygnathiden-Siphonodelliden-Biofazies und die reine Siphonodelliden-Biofazies bathymetrisch tiefer/landferner als die oberdevonische Palmatolepiden-Bispathodiden-Biofazies sind. Im späten Tournaisium und Viséum belegen die Conodontenfaunen des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges Verhältnisse des Plattformhanges und des Beckens. Die ein dysaerobes Hungerbecken indizierende, tiefste/landfernste Scaliognathiden-Doliognathiden-Biofazies ist außergewöhnlich selten nachgewiesen. In den Kalziturbiditen des Velberter Sattels ist u.a. durch den auf der äußeren Plattform unter hochenergetischen Bedingungen lebenden Hindeodus eine Annäherung an den Rand des Flachschelfs dokumentiert. Flachschelf-Verhältnisse werden in den Conodontenfaunen des westlichsten Velberter Sattels im Profil Ratingen-Cromford durch die Häufigkeit bis Dominanz von Mestognathus belegt. Im höchsten Viséum und tiefstem Namurium des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges belegen die vorherrschenden Taxa Gnathodus und Lochriea persistierende basinale Verhältnisse. CAI-Daten aus dem Rheinischen Schiefergebirge zeigen im wesentlichen präkinematische, durch Überlagerungsmächtigkeit gesteuerte Werte mit einer generellen Zunahme von Nordwest nach Südost. Anomalien werden durch im Untergrund des nordöstlichen Rheinischen Schiefergebirges steckende Intrusivkörper hervorgerufen. Bisher unveröffentlichte CAI-Werte aus dem Frankenwald schwanken ohne Tendenz generell um 5. Condonten-geochemische Untersuchungen im deutschen Unterkarbon beschränkten sich bisher auf 18O- und 87Sr/86Sr-Untersuchungen an Profilen aus dem Devon-Karbon-Grenzbereich des nördlichen Rheinischen Schiefergebirges. Abstract: Beginning with the classical studies of BISCHOFF (1967) and VOGES (1959, 1960), the biostratigraphic potential of Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) conodonts from Germany was extensively studied by several workers in the Culm basin of the Rheinische Schiefergebirge. Data from the limestone-poor successions of the Harz Mountains and from the Saxothuringian belt in Thuringia and northeastern Bavaria (Frankenwald) were predominantly gathered during regional studies, and are mostly assembled in faunal lists. Conodonts from the few shallow-water realms of the Carboniferous Limestone province are almost unknown. The conodont biozonation proposed herein is based on the well-known international deeper-water zonations. The position of the international, conodont-based Devonian-Carboniferous boundary, and of the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian boundary in Germany are reviewed. The new international Tournaisian-Viséan boundary is very well approximated by the first-appearance of Gnathodus homopunctatus. In the Rheinische Schiefergebirge, it is situated at the base of the Kieselkalk Formation. The conodont succession from the Velbert anticline exactly matches that from the proposed global stratotype section and point (GSSP) in southern China. The proposal, to define the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary, respectively the Viséan–Namurian boundary by Lochriea ziegleri within the phylogenetic lineage from L. nodosa to L. ziegleri, is elucidated. Such a boundary could be well traced in the Rheinische Schiefergebirge. Studies of Mississippian conodont biofacies are missing in Germany, except for the interval of the Devonian-Carboniferous transition and the following Gattendorfia stage (cd I). Based on biofacies models from agglutinating foraminifers, the Early Carboniferous polygnathid-siphnonodellid and siphonodellid biofacies are, at least in Germany, apparently deeper/more distal than the Late Devonian palmatolepid-bispathodid biofacies. During the late Tournaisian and Viséan, conodont faunas from the Rheinische Schiefergebirge indicate carbonate slope and basinal environments; however, the deepest/most distal dysaerobic starved basin scaliognathid-doliognathid biofacies is very rarely indicated. Within calciturbidites of the Velbert anticline, proximality to the platform margin is indicated by Hindeodus, which probably lived in high-energy environments of the outer platform, and further rare allochthonous shallow-water taxa. Finally, abundant to dominant Mestognathus indicate shallow-shelf environments in the westernmost Velbert anticline, section Ratingen-Cromford. Within the Late Viséan to Early Namurian of the Rheinische Schiefergebirge, the predominant genera, Gnathodus and Lochriea, indicate persisting basinal environments. Published CAI data from the Rheinische Schiefergebirge indicate pre-kinematic, subsidence-controlled alteration. They show a general increasing CAI from northwestern into southeastern direction, as well as anomalies caused by intrusive bodies in the deep subsurface of the northeastern Rheinische Schiefergebirge. New data from northeastern Bavaria (Frankenwald) indicate CAI 5, but no lateral tendencies. Geochemical analyses of Carboniferous condonts from Germany are restricted to few studies dealing with 18O and 87Sr/86Sr in sections around the Devonian-Carboniferous transition, northern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge.

Medebach-Bromberg, Late Viséan Standard Reference Section of the Rhenohercynian

Article

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Jan 2003

Dieter Korn

Der Nord-und Nordostrand des Rheinischen Schiefergebirges und das zentrale Sauerland

Article

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Jan 2006

The distribution area of the Kulm Facies at the northern and northwestern margin of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge borders the Carboniferous Limestone (shallow shelf) Facies within the Velbert Anticline between Düsseldorf-Ratingen and Velbert. Locally, Kulm sediments are present north of this shelf area in the succession of the Isselburg borehole (northeast of Kleve). In boreholes, however, Mississippian sedimentary rocks are commonly expected in depths of more than 4000 m. The sequence of the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) Kulm Facies starts with a distinct sedimentary change from grey-greenish claystones which also include the Hangenberg Limestone (Gattendorfia Limestone) into dark grey to almost black pelitic rocks. The base of the Kulm sequence is marked by the Liegende Alaunschiefer (Lower Alum Shale) followed by black Kulm Kieselschiefer (cherts, lydites) and Kulm Kieselkalke (cherty limestones). These are overlain by the Kieselige Übergangsschichten, which include the crenistria Limestone, followed by the Kulm Tonschiefer (Kulm shales), which include the Posidonia Shale at the base. The top of the sequence is represented by the Kulm Greywackes, variably developed turbiditic units separated by shaly intercalations. During the Late Viséan, the Devonian reefs that persisted as palaeo-highs were also included into the clastic sedimentation regime. The turbiditic sedimentation of greywackes from southeastern direction was caused by the approaching front of the Variscan Orogeny. The initial phase within the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge is documented by the uplift of the Taunus followed by the northwesterly prograding greywackes, and its final stage reached the present-day northern border of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge some 20 Ma later in the latest Viséan. An exceptional facies within the Kulm realm is locally developed on top of the fossil and karstified Devonian reefs and within cavities and crevices where the fossiliferous Erdbach Limestones were deposited representing isolated shallow water areas. Volcanic activity is documented for the Tournaisian and early Viséan by deposition of thin acid tuffites, which serve for lithostratigraphic correlation in the lower part of the Upper Viséan succession. In the Wittgenstein Syncline, the Waldeck Syncline and near the northern margin of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, the up to 25 cm thick Beddelhausen Tuff (a quartz porphyrite tuffite) occurs as important lithostratigraphic marker horizon. Contrasting with the Lahn-Dill area, basaltic effusive rocks („Deckdiabas“) do not occur in the eastern and central parts of the Rheinisches Schiefergebirge. The shaly and cherty rocks of the Mississippian Kulm Facies are mostly characterized by nektonic and planktonic biota. Macrofauna occurs in several horizons and localities, some of which (e. g., Herborn and Wuppertal-Aprath) being widely known as exceptional „Fossil Lagerstätten“. At the Devonian/Carboniferous boundary and in the Lower Tournaisian, the Hangenberg Limestone locally yields highly diverse cephalopod, trilobite and bivalve faunas. The fossiliferous Erdbach Limestones (Upper Tournaisium to lowermost Viséan) contain, e. g., conodonts, goniatites, corals, crinoids, trilobites, gastropods and brachiopods. The Upper Viséan Kieselige Übergangsschichten with the crenistria Limestone as well as the Posidonia Shales also yield rich cephalopod, trilobite, crinoid, bivalve and brachiopod faunas in places. Cephalopods, bivalves and rare plant remains occur in certain limestone layers and shaly intercalations of the middle and upper Viséan Kulm Plattenkalk in the area between Hagen and Arnsberg. In contrast, the widely distributed Kulm Kieselschiefer and Kulm Kieselkalke only contain radiolarians, sponge spicules, conodonts and detrital crinoids, bryozoans and foraminifers. Finally, the shaly intercalations in the upper Viséan greywackes yield some cephalopods and bivalves. The total thickness of the Kulm sediments can regionally exceed 1000 m, but generally the succession is considerably less thick. Detailed measurements are rarely possible, due to the variable thickness of the individual greywacke units and incomplete sections. Generally, the lower (Tournaisian and early Viséan) part of the Kulm sequence is relatively thin, thick units of greywackes were deposited not earlier than Late Viséan. Depositional depth of the Kulm sedimentation obviously was less than 200 m; unequivocal deep-sea sediments are not known, but the sedimentation area seems to be characterized by quiet-water conditions, interrupted in its final phase by the turbiditic sandy and conglomeratic greywackes derived from the southeasterly approaching orogenic front.

Late Vis??an/early Namurian conodont succession from the Esla area of the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain

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Jan 1998

Conodont fauna recovered from pelagic nodular limestone sequence exposed near Santa Olaja de la Varga precisely dates the upper part of the Alba Formation in the Esla area of the Cantabrian Mountains. In terms of goniatite stratigraphy, the formation ranges into the early Namurian E2 interval which has been identified by the occurrence of the conodont Gnathodus bollandensis. The investigated conodont fauna includes exclusively deep-water forms and is dominated by species of Gnathodus and Lochriea. The former genus is represented primarily by the bilineatus lineage, in which a new species Gnathodus cantabricus sp. nov. has been recognized and is described herein. Representatives of the another gnathodontid girtyi lineage, generally present in the late Viséan/early Namurian deep-water faunas, are extremely rare. The vertical succession of Lochriea species is closely comparable to those recognized in Northern England, Poland and Ukraine. The Viséan/Namurian boundary is thus placed at the first occurrence of Lochriea cruciformis, 4.7 m below the top of the Alba Formation.

The Carboniferous carbonates of the Dombar Hills (western Kazakhstan) and the problem of the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2009
Palaeoworld

The Upper Viséan–Serpukhovian ammonoid-rich carbonates in the Dombar Hills (Aktobe Region, western Kazakhstan) provide an excellent opportunity to calibrate the ammonoid and conodont zonations around the base of the Serpukhovian Stage, and are important for interregional correlation. A section in the Dombar Hills spanning the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary is measured and its fossil content is analyzed. Two ammonoid genozones (Hypergoniatites-Ferganoceras and Uralopronorites-Cravenoceras) and two conodont zones (Lochriea nodosa and Lochriea ziegleri) are recognized. The section displays a contact between the Hypergoniatites-Ferganoceras and Uralopronorites-Cravenoceras ammonoid genozones in a continuous succession and an evolutionarily early appearance of the genus Cravenoceras. The base of the Serpukhovian Stage is drawn at the level of the first appearance datum (FAD) of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri, which, as in the Verkhnyaya Kardailovka section (potential GSSP candidate, South Urals, Russia) enters within the Hypergoniatites-Ferganoceras ammonoid Genozone.

Stratigraphie und Fossilführung der Visé/Namur-Aufschlüsse am Bau der A46 bei Arnsberg/Westfalen

Article

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Jan 1993

Dieter Korn

Die Goniatiten des Kulmplattenkalkes (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea; Unterkarbon; Rheinisches Schiefergebirge)

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1988

Dieter Korn

The fauna of the Caney Shale of Oklahoma. -United States Geol

Jan 1909
1-106

G H Grrty

GrRTY, G. H. (1909): The fauna of the Caney Shale of Oklahoma. -United States Geol. Survey Bull., 377: 1-106, pl. 1-13, Washington.

Die Zone des Eumorphoceras pseudobilingue im Sauerland.-Fortschr

Jan 1960
303-342

M Horn

HoRN, M. (1960): Die Zone des Eumorphoceras pseudobilingue im Sauerland.-Fortschr. Geol. Rhein!. Westfalen, 3,1: 303-342, fig. 1-6, tabl. 1, pl. 1-5, Krefeld.

A Goniatite fauna from the Visean/Namurian boundary

Jan 1968
Palaeontology
47

K Figge

FIGGE, K. (1968): A Goniatite fauna from the Visean/Namurian boundary. -Palaeontology, 11: 264-274, fig. 1-2, pi. 46,47, London.

Stratigraphie und Fossilfiihrung der Vise I Namur-Aufschliisse am Bau der A46 bei Arnsberg/Westfalen.-Geologie und Palaontologie in Westfalen 996): Revision of the Late Visean goniatite stratigraphy

Jan 1993
35-50

D Korn

KoRN, D. (1993): Stratigraphie und Fossilfiihrung der Vise I Namur-Aufschliisse am Bau der A46 bei Arnsberg/Westfalen.-Geologie und Palaontologie in Westfalen, 23: 35-50, Fig. 1-6, Miinster/Westf. (1 996): Revision of the Late Visean goniatite stratigraphy.-Ann. Soc. geol. Belgique, 117(2): 205-212, fig.1-3, Bruxelles.

The ammonoid family Girtyoceratidae in the Southern Midcontinent

Jan 1959
1-66

J A Mccaleb
J H Quinn
W M Furnish
Okla Norman
K Patieisky

McCALEB, J.A., QuiNN, J.H. & FURNISH, W. M. (1 964): The ammonoid family Girtyoceratidae in the Southern Midcontinent. Oklahoma Geol. Survey, Circular, 67: 1-41, fig., pl.1-4, Norman, Okla. PATIEISKY, K. (1959): Die Goniatiten im Namur des Niederrheinisch-Westfalischen Karbongebietes. -Mitt. Westf. Berggewerkschaftskasse, 14: 1-66, fig.1-18, pl.1-1 4, Herne (K artenberg).

Die Goniatiten im Namur des Niederrheinisch-Westfalischen Karbongebietes. - Mitt

Jan 1959
1-66

PATIEISKY, K. (1959): Die Goniatiten im Namur des Niederrheinisch-Westfalischen Karbongebietes. - Mitt. Westf. Berggewerkschaftskasse, 14: 1-66, fig.1-18, pl.1-1 4, Herne (K artenberg).

Die Biostratigraphie des obersten Kulm im Sauerland. -Jahrb. PreuK Geol. Lan desanst. 57 (f or 1936) 238-283

Jan 1937
1-18

L Ruprecht

RuPRECHT, L. (1 937): Die Biostratigraphie des obersten Kulm im Sauerland. -Jahrb. PreuK Geol. Lan desanst. 57 (f or 1936) 238-283, fig. 1-18, pl. 9-10, Berlin.

Cephalopodenfaunen des alteren Namur aus der Umgegend von Arnsberg in West falen

Jan 1933
1-86

H Schmidt

SCHMIDT, H. (1 934): Cephalopodenfaunen des alteren Namur aus der Umgegend von Arnsberg in West falen.-Jahrb. PreuK Geol. Landesanst. 54 (f or 1933): 440-461, fig.1-86, Berlin.

Subdivision of the basal Early Namurian (Early Carboniferous) in the Rhenish Massif (Germany)

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