The art of Case Study Research
Abstract
This book presents a disciplined, qualitative exploration of case study methods by drawing from naturalistic, holistic, ethnographic, phenomenological and biographic research methods. Robert E. Stake uses and annotates an actual case study to answer such questions as: How is the case selected? How do you select the case which will maximize what can be learned? How can what is learned from one case be applied to another? How can what is learned from a case be interpreted? In addition, the book covers: the differences between quantitative and qualitative approaches; data-gathering including document review; coding, sorting and pattern analysis; the roles of the researcher; triangulation; and reporting.
... The goal we address is to trace the differences between their approaches to problems, mathematical reasoning and solving strategies used by pupils whose L1 is ideographic (Creole, Cape Verde) or phonetic (Portuguese). We developed an intrinsic case study (Stake, 1995). The main participants are the pupils from almost 600 classes (all over Portugal and Cape Verde) who participated in the Name of the Project. ...
... El objetivo es rastrear las diferencias entre el enfoque, el razonamiento matemático y las estrategias de resolución utilizados por los alumnos cuya L1 es ideográfica (criollo, Cabo Verde) o fonética (portuguesa). Desarrollamos un estudio de caso intrínseco (Stake, 1995). Los principales participantes son los alumnos de casi 600 clases (Portugal y Cabo Verde) de lo Nombre del proyecto. ...
... We assumed an interpretative approach (Denzin, 2002) and developed an intrinsic case study (Stake, 1995). ...
Culture shapes pupils’ mathematical learning, their performances and life trajectories of participation (César, 2013a, 2013b). It also contributes to the senses they attribute to mathematical learning (Bakhtin, 1929/1981). Using collaborative work and inter-empowerment mechanisms facilitates knowledge appropriation (César, 2009). This is particularly important for pupils participating in minority cultures, socially undervalued and whose L1 is not the instruction language. Bi-univocal culture mediation (César, 2017b) is important regarding empowerment. We used an instrument to evaluate pupils’ abilities and competencies (IACC), conceived by the Name of the Project team (Machado, 2014), and other mathematical tasks. The goal we address is to trace the differences between their approaches to problems, mathematical reasoning and solving strategies used by pupils whose L1 is ideographic (Creole, Cape Verde) or phonetic (Portuguese). We developed an intrinsic case study (Stake, 1995). The main participants are the pupils from almost 600 classes (all over Portugal and Cape Verde) who participated in the Name of the Project. The analysis of some examples illustrates that L1 shapes pupils’ approaches to problems, mathematical reasoning and solving strategies. This evidence plays an important role in their access to school achievement and in teachers’ understanding about how they can promote pupils’ mathematical learning.
... Qualitative case study analyses are interpretive (Creswell, 2007;Stake, 1995). Mark's profile was created with the participant's narratives but crafted by the interviewer and main researcher (Chase, 2005). ...
... The profile portrays the participant's story as Isabelle, the main investigator and lead author, heard it. Numerous quotes offer support to this analysis allowing readers to develop their own interpretations of the story (Stake, 1995(Stake, , 2005. ...
... Single case studies are usually not considered a strong basis for generalization to others as the emphasis is to understand the case itself in its uniqueness. Indeed, the object of case study research is particularization, not generalization (Stake, 1995). In addition, this investigation guided by Seidman's (2006) procedure was interested in what the participant judged meaningful in his experience. ...
This in-depth, qualitative study explored the experience of academic probation. It recounts the story of Mark, an undergraduate student on academic probation who participated in an academic support program to attain good academic standing. His story is contrasted to the current literature on academic probation and is considered in light of Dewey’s (1958,1938/1997, 1934/2005) theory of experience. This paper offers an important contribution to the literature on higher education by revealing a rich, complex, and unique experience which illustrates that Mark does not correspond to the typical image of probationary students depicted in the literature. This article breaks away from an oversimplified portrayal of probationary students, offers a provisional conceptualization of academic probation, and calls for further definition of the notion of academic probation.
... Case study studies the "…particularity and complexity of a single case… to understand its activity within important circumstances" (Stake, 1995, p. xi). The case study approach was appropriate for several reasons, but primarily because the researcher sought to understand a realworld case and assumed that having this understanding involved particular circumstances pertinent to the case (Yin & Davis, 2007;Baxter & Jack, 2008;Stake, 1995). Further, case study method relies on a variety of sources for synthesis, offering a deeper exploration through multiple lenses, and qualitative case study "…provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts" (Baxter & Jack, 2008, p. 544). ...
... The case being studied was the perception of Islamophobia by Muslim international students in their journey to the U.S. from 2017-2020. Stake (1995) approaches the case study through the constructivist worldview. ...
... According to Stake, researchers act as interpereters who report their construction of the knowledge they gathered through their research process (Stake, 1995). This was aligned with the constructivist view that multiple realities exist. ...
The purpose of this case study was to discover whether Muslim international students from a public university in the Northeast believed Islamophobia impacted their visa and immigration journey to the U.S. Data collection included a questionnaire to obtain participant qualification, interviews, and document analyses. The participants in the study did not believe their Muslim identity was a factor throughout their visa and immigration journey but shed light to the process of visa application processes for students from particular countries and provided
recommendations for institutions and future international students. This study serves as an impetus for universities to address improving pre-arrival services and procedures for Muslim international students and a resource for practitioners and lawmakers to examine current policies specifically through the lens of Critical Race and Critical Muslim
Theory. Policymakers can examine the effects of Islamophobia on international students and how it affects higher education, communities, and the economies.
Keywords: International students, immigration, Critical Muslim Theory, Critical Race
Theory, Islamophobia, Muslim Banx
... Think Tank empowered children to conduct their own research with teachers' support, such as setting up a topic through cooperative discussions, formulating research plans, and interviewing other students and teachers as little reporters (Official documents from private sources: the participatory initiative manual). The sampling strategy was purposive sampling to learn the most about children's increased well-being from their participation and contribute to context-dependent knowledge and understanding (Stake, 1995). The selection criteria for child participants in the study included having participated in the participatory initiative for at least one year, aiming to capture the perspectives of children who were able to reflect on their participatory experiences and limit data from insufficient experiences. ...
... Following the participant observation, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 children and two teachers. Much of what we cannot observe directly in a case can be gleaned from the descriptions and interpretations of others in interviews, such as feelings, thoughts, and intentions (Stake, 1995). Interviews are one-to-one, giving the respondents the opportunity to ask various questions, clarify their opinions, discuss and respond to issues that they might not want to disclose in a focus group (Basit, 2010). ...
Children’s participation rights and well-being are two prominent concepts in children’s lives. While they are mainly addressed separately in research, empirical associations exist between them. The article analyzes the perspectives of children and teachers concerning children’s participation in decisions affecting their school life in one participatory initiative in a primary school in China. Thematic analysis of participant observation, interviews, focus groups, and document examination in one case demonstrates how children experience increased subjective well-being in their participation, focusing on the different types of subjective well-being that children reported improving as a result of their participation. The article indicates that children improved their subjective well-being in two dimensions: social well-being (e.g., friendships with peers and teacher-student relationships) and psychological well-being (e.g., relaxation).
... O problema desta investigação alinha-se a uma metodologia qualitativa e o procedimento técnico escolhido foi o estudo de caso intrínseco que, conforme Stake (1995), é aquele no qual o investigador tem interesse nele, não apenas porque ao estudá-lo aprendemos sobre outros casos ou sobre algum problema em geral, mas porque precisamos de aprender sobre este caso em particular. A pesquisa decorreu entre março e setembro de 2022, (2016), a pesquisa qualitativa e, particularmente, os estudos de caso, estão associados à amostragem não probabilística, sem intenção de serem feitas análises estatísticas, por não serem representativas da população como um todo. ...
... Tal como afirma Stake (1995), o foco de um estudo de caso é a particularização e não a generalização. Devemos, portanto, conhecer bem o caso a ser estudado, com foco em sua singularidade, embora também seja importante compará-lo com outros casos semelhantes. ...
O desenvolvimento das atividades pedagógicas durante a pandemia de covid-19 foi campo fértil de experiências por iniciativa dos professo- res. Este trabalho investigou como a experiência do ensino remoto emer- gencial afetou o ensino de Biologia no Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil. Para tal, optamos por uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa, enquadra- da em um estudo de caso. Assim, entrevistamos professores, verificando que, em sua maioria, não apresentavam formação adequada no uso das tecnologias digitais para o ensino. Além disso, suas concepções pedagó- gicas, ainda muito atreladas à visão da centralidade do professor, levaram ao predomínio da aula expositiva. Com o retorno ao ensino presencial, porém, os docentes mostram diversificar mais suas estratégias com tec- nologias, dando maior protagonismo aos alunos.
... O problema desta investigação alinha-se a uma metodologia qualitativa e o procedimento técnico escolhido foi o estudo de caso intrínseco que, conforme Stake (1995), é aquele no qual o investigador tem interesse nele, não apenas porque ao estudá-lo aprendemos sobre outros casos ou sobre algum problema em geral, mas porque precisamos de aprender sobre este caso em particular. A pesquisa decorreu entre março e setembro de 2022, (2016), a pesquisa qualitativa e, particularmente, os estudos de caso, estão associados à amostragem não probabilística, sem intenção de serem feitas análises estatísticas, por não serem representativas da população como um todo. ...
... Tal como afirma Stake (1995), o foco de um estudo de caso é a particularização e não a generalização. Devemos, portanto, conhecer bem o caso a ser estudado, com foco em sua singularidade, embora também seja importante compará-lo com outros casos semelhantes. ...
O desenvolvimento das atividades pedagógicas durante a pandemia de covid-19 foi campo fértil de experiências por iniciativa dos professores. Este trabalho investigou como a experiência do ensino remoto emergencial afetou o ensino de Biologia no Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil. Para tal, optamos por uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa, enquadrada em um estudo de caso. Assim, entrevistamos professores, verificando que, em sua maioria, não apresentavam formação adequada no uso das tecnologias digitais para o ensino. Além disso, suas concepções pedagógicas, ainda muito atreladas à visão da centralidade do professor, levaramao predomínio da aula expositiva. Com o retorno ao ensino presencial, porém, os docentes mostram diversificar mais suas estratégias com tecnologias, dando maior protagonismo aos alunos.
... The purpose of this study was to investigate how two tenured university faculty of different racial and gender identities approached teaching about race and social class at a predominantly White institution of higher education and to examine the similarity and dissimilarity of the perceptions of the professors and the undergraduate teacher education students enrolled in the DEIJ courses taught by the two faculty participants. To achieve this purpose, we determined that a multiplenarrative case study (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000;Craig, 2009;Stake, 1995;Yin, 2018) was the most appropriate research design to capture the voices of all participants and to provide a focused examination of the particularity and complexity of the phenomenon as it unfolded in an authentic contemporary setting (Stake, 1995). To complement our choice of methodology, we were intentional in our selection of methods as a means to conduct, "naturalistic research to expand our understanding of the factors that influence the performance of real-life groups in real-world settings" (Hirokawa et al., 2000, p. 574). ...
... The purpose of this study was to investigate how two tenured university faculty of different racial and gender identities approached teaching about race and social class at a predominantly White institution of higher education and to examine the similarity and dissimilarity of the perceptions of the professors and the undergraduate teacher education students enrolled in the DEIJ courses taught by the two faculty participants. To achieve this purpose, we determined that a multiplenarrative case study (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000;Craig, 2009;Stake, 1995;Yin, 2018) was the most appropriate research design to capture the voices of all participants and to provide a focused examination of the particularity and complexity of the phenomenon as it unfolded in an authentic contemporary setting (Stake, 1995). To complement our choice of methodology, we were intentional in our selection of methods as a means to conduct, "naturalistic research to expand our understanding of the factors that influence the performance of real-life groups in real-world settings" (Hirokawa et al., 2000, p. 574). ...
The purpose of this multiple narrative case study was to investigate how two university faculty educators of different racial and gender identities approached teaching about race and social class in a Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice (DEIJ) course in a predominantly White institution and to examine the perceptions of the professors and pre-service teachers. This examination revealed that when professors create "time to fidget" with course content in a "safe-ish" environment, there are two sides of (un)comfortability in relation to student identity and their willingness to grapple with racialized tensions as they develop their (critical) racial consciousness. Based on this analysis, we offer recommendations for improving DEIJ instruction in teacher education programs.
... The study used a qualitative case study research design for in-depth analysis (Stake, 1995;Strauss & Corbin, 1998). The focus was on the Global South that despite persistent sustainable development challenges, is seen as an important hub for impact sourcing (Manning, 2022 A mixed methods approach of document and media analysis, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews was chosen to increase the robustness of the results (Table 1). ...
... This study employs an instrumental case study design to investigate the application of Kotter's change model in implementing an intercultural competence development initiative at the College of Agriculture in a large Midwestern University. An instrumental case study is appropriate when the researcher aims to provide insight into an issue or refine a theoretical explanation, and the case itself plays a supportive role in facilitating understanding of the broader phenomenon [45]. In this study, the case of the intercultural competence development initiative serves as an instrument to illuminate the effectiveness of Kotter's change model in driving organizational change in higher education settings. ...
This study explores the efficacy of Kotter’s eight-step change model in fostering intercultural competence among faculty and staff within a large Midwestern public university. Recognizing the need for intercultural development in higher education, this research applies a structured change framework coupled with the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) assessment tool to guide the change process. The development of intercultural competence among faculty and staff is crucial for creating inclusive learning environments, as they play a pivotal role in modeling intercultural competence and fostering students’ skills necessary to navigate an increasingly diverse and interconnected world. This study employs an instrumental case study design, utilizing interviews, document analysis, and Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) assessments to examine the change process over a three-year period. The findings demonstrate how each step of Kotter’s model was successfully adapted to drive organizational change and enhance intercultural competence among 639 faculty and staff members across 11 departments in the College of Agriculture. This study highlights the importance of creating a shared vision, empowering stakeholders, and anchoring changes in the institution’s culture and emphasizes the pivotal role of structured change management in achieving substantive improvements in intercultural learning environments. The insights and strategies presented can serve as a foundation for other higher education institutions seeking to implement similar initiatives and foster inclusive learning environments.
... Phenomenological methodology collects information and insight, without trying to present accurate estimates or graphs. Subjects were chosen based on their insight, sensitivity, and willingness to share information, as opposed to a statistical representative model (Krathwohl 1993;Stake 1995). To achieve maximum reliability, individuals with differing perspectives were deliberately chosen. ...
The pre-army preparatory programs established in Israel constitute a unique and popular model of education. Using the qualitative method and semi-structured interviews, I found four key themes that can explain this model: identity, autonomy, affiliation, and an informal approach. A variety of psychological theories are raised throughout the paper that address each one. It seems that a combination of these themes may be a key factor contributing to the popularity of these programs, and to other popular Jewish education programs beyond the borders of Israel that are similar. This innovative educational model is capable of influencing not only Jewish education but general education as well.
... Case study analysis, a widely disseminated methodology from the business world, opens the door to local studies to explore a current phenomenon in the real world, located in time and space (Xiao & Smith, 2006), complex and interrelated with the context and its particularities (Stake, 2000). Through the collection of in-depth data from multiple sources (Cresswell, 2013;Yin, 2018) and that serves as learning for other places that present similar contexts, networks or issues, allowing comparisons, not modelling. ...
Objects of study such as Sustainable Local Development, which are ap-proached by different disciplines, frequently lack an epistemological and methodological framework, as proven in scientific literature. This work presents the methodologies for approaching Sustainable Local Development from the social sciences. The proposal is to analyse the methodologies used and applicable in research on Local Development and, specifically, Sustainable Local Development. The proposed work is initially theoretical and takes a tour of Sustainable Local Development's scientific and methodological context. It establishes how to determine methodologies according to the object of study and analyses the qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods applied. The objectives are (a) to establish the methodologies applicable to studies on Sustainable Local Development and (b) to study methods, techniques and instruments that contribute to the analysis of Sustainable Local Development.
... The case study is used exploratory and instrumentally to distinguish design characteristics. The case study is thus used to accomplish something other than understanding this particular school environment, so the inquiry regards an 'instrumental case study', as opposed to an 'intrinsic case study' (Stake, 1995). In order to be able to draw conclusions from the case, a school has been selected which has the reputation of being a built environment that contributes to sustainability learning and a school that 'breathes sustainability'. ...
Physical environments influence how children develop. Therefore, they matter in education. Relating school habitats to the whole school approach to education for sustainable development (ESD) shows that, beyond their ecological performance, school habitats also deliver an educational performance through their own ‘hidden’ curriculum and pedagogy. Yet, the educational role of school habitats hardly gains attention in global research and action on ESD. This chapter departs from ESD as a concept in education that contributes to ‘sustainable grown-upness’, understood as the development of a mature relationship with our own desires and forces from ‘elsewhere’. Building on this interpretation, this chapter presents a framework revealing educational performance characteristics of school habitats, which describe educational performances. The framework builds on the ‘heart, head and hands’ model and comprises three areas for the educational performance of school habitats: (1) engage the heart, (2) exemplify the head and (3) enable the hands.
... Explica que as fronteiras entre tais diferenças não são definidas e suas distinções não constituem uma hierarquia. Assim, esta categorização define para o estudo de caso a concentração das perguntas em "como" e "por que" e reforça a importância de classificar o tipo de questão de pesquisa como condição para diferenciar vários métodos ou tipos de pesquisa.ParaStake (1995), há três tipos de estudo de caso, a saber: intrínseco, instrumental e coletivo. O intrínseco corresponde aos casos específicos, por exemplo, o professor ou a escola desenvolveu uma experiência inovadora para ampliar a participação política; o instrumental trata de um caso cujo foco não é uma situação concreta, mas uma questão mais ampla, como, por exemplo, se a escola incorporou a necessidade de assumir uma formação para a cidadania, prevista como uma das finalidades prevista na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional(1996). ...
Este artigo analisa a relação entre estudo de caso e decolonialidade na pesquisa qualitativa em educação, sobretudo no campo das políticas educacionais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica que situa o estudo de caso como paradigma teórico e metodológico. A partir dos estudos decoloniais, apresenta-se os efeitos da colonialidade sobre as diferenças sociais na produção/legitimação do conhecimento. Destaca-se o papel da observação nos estudos de caso e sua potencialidade de articulação à decolonialidade, com foco na colonialidade do ver como conceito chave para provocar um giro epistemológico e metodológico, potente na observação etnográfica enquanto estratégia de estudo de caso.
... Esto implica un reconocimiento de la "tercera voz" en la Educación Comparada, que Steiner-Khamsi (2004) describe como la capacidad de ir más allá de las dicotomías simplistas y abordar la intersección de múltiples factores que configuran la educación. La incorporación proporcionar una comprensión más profunda de cómo las políticas y prácticas educativas funcionan en contextos específicos (Stake, 1995). ...
Este ensayo ha abordado el papel crítico de las pruebas externas en la configuración de las políticas educativas globales, examinando su impacto desde la perspectiva de la Educación Comparada y destacando la necesidad de un enfoque evaluativo más holístico y contextualizado. A través de tres ejes principales, se ha explorado la contribución de la Educación Comparada como una disciplina crucial dentro de las Ciencias de la Educación, el significativo pero complejo impacto de las pruebas externas en los sistemas educativos y la importancia de adoptar un enfoque sistemático que armonice las pruebas externas con las perspectivas comparativas. Se subraya la importancia de ir más allá de la mera medición cuantitativa de resultados y considerar las complejidades y particularidades de cada contexto educativo. Finalmente, el ensayo argumenta a favor de un reenfoque en la evaluación educativa que integre tanto enfoques cuantitativos como cualitativos y que preste atención a las particularidades de cada sistema educativo. Este enfoque sistemático en la intersección de las pruebas externas y la Educación Comparada promueve una comprensión más rica y matizada de la educación, apuntando hacia políticas educativas más inclusivas, equitativas y efectivas.
... In other words, the study was not undertaken primarily because the case represented other cases or because it illustrated a particular trait or problem, or to understand some abstract construct or generic phenomenon. 39 Another factor that justified use of a "descriptive" case study 40 was the need to develop a comprehensive and descriptive understanding of the phenomenon concerning the interrelation between governance, law, and ethics in terms of Indigenous cultural heritage. This enabled us to understand the causes of the problems identified, the forces behind the solutions, the potential outcomes of their implementation, and their connections to relevant theories, concepts, and policies. ...
This article addresses the clash between Western and Indigenous understandings of how cultural heritage should be governed, protected and treated through law, especially in the digital environment. Specifically, the focus is on the ways in which the Western intellectual property rights (IPR) system often stands in contrast with Indigenous practices and ethics. This problem is approached through a single, intrinsic and descriptive case study related to the digital cultural heritage of the Sámi people: the Digital Access to Sámi Heritage Archives project. The article shows how the current IPR framework governing Indigenous cultural heritage is often misaligned with Indigenous worldviews. However, the study reveals that there is room to develop more sustainable, just and inclusive practices by complementing the existing legal rules with soft-law mechanisms, such as norms and customs, co-created with Indigenous communities.
... To articulate promising practices in the delivery of housing stabilization interventions for youth, an intrinsic case study approach was employed. As described by Stake [15,16], this involved site selections based on their own merits and uniqueness to better understand a particular case. Approaching the research question with this case study method appeared the best aligned with both the need to address the diverse contexts and populations involved and the early/limited state of evidence. ...
Youth homelessness represents a persistent and significant challenge for service sectors with limited best practice guidance. Housing supports, in particular, are widely deployed, with the practice-oriented literature providing little detail regarding service design beyond broad domains such as employment support and life skills coaching. The present multiple case study investigation was designed to develop a preliminary understanding of the guiding principles that attend the development of interventions that support youth exiting homelessness in the Canadian context. These case studies were conducted with a diverse group of five organizations recognized as sector leaders, with findings considered in light of practice standards from the better-established adult housing literature. Key findings with respect to service models included the strategies used to provide flexible, culturally responsive, tailored services with an emphasis on specialist support. Implementation factors included the navigation of strategic partnerships, the use of data in capacity-building, and the benefits and drawbacks of larger, centralized service environments versus smaller, dispersed environments. Youth-specific considerations in housing stabilization models are highlighted. This work contributes to a growing body of literature that seeks to articulate best practices in the effort to address and prevent youth homelessness.
... The rationale for using in-depth interviews was consistent with our study's goal of understanding participants' lived experiences in their natural community setting. According to Stake (1995), in-depth interviews are the primary route to uncovering the multiple realities of people's experiences and stories. Conducting in-depth interviews gave us privileged access to older adults' daily experiences through purposeful conversation (Brinkmann & Kvale, 2015). ...
Despite the aging of the population in Ethiopia, little scholarly attention has highlighted the day-to-day experiences of older adults living in community settings. Without a clear understanding of older adults’ lived experiences, little or no government attention is given to older adults’ unmet needs. The purpose of this study was to understand the social and economic context of older adults living in northwest Ethiopia from the perspective of older adults themselves. A phenomenological approach was used to explore the lived experiences of ten purposively selected older adults in Gondar City in northwest Ethiopia. Narrative data from in-depth interviews were analyzed thematically revealing six challenges faced by older adults: fading social networks, widowhood as double jeopardy, a weak social protection system, intractable poverty, being victims of ageism, and inaccessible health care. Based on these findings, we recommend the establishment of a national-level office on aging to raise awareness of the multiple challenges of older people and to advocate for social welfare and health policy and services oriented to the needs of the older population. The severe poverty of older adults can be mitigated by the Ethiopian government committing to social protection as a basic human right. In addition to social protection, other economic strengthening programs such as pensions and micro-loans can help to alleviate older adults’ poverty and improve their overall health and well-being. Large-scale quantitative studies are needed to validate our conclusion that the lack of basic institutional social welfare infringes on the human rights of older adults in Ethiopia.
... A case study was carried out. Stake (1995;p. 11) defines it as: "the study of the particularity and complexity of a singular case, in order to understand its activity in important circumstances". ...
This paper analyzes the process of creating the assessment instruments for the Final Year Project (FYP) in a faculty of education based on the opinions of the lecturers. Qualitative methodology was used, with a case study design and the in-depth interview as a data collection technique. Four lecturers participated as relevant informants. The results show that: (a) the faculty decided to create the instruments due to the lack of clear assessment criteria among the lecturers in the first years (2009-2015); (b) work was carried out on three assessment instruments over two years (2015-2017): a tutor's report (without mark), a document rubric (80% of the mark) and an oral presentation rubric (20% of the mark). It is concluded that the assessment instruments were created through the necessity of the faculty to achieve more objective and effective FYP assessment. The creation of the instruments followed some steps to fit the degree competences and the objectives, types, and criteria of the FYP. The paper presents the process of creating assessment instruments and the advantages of their use, specifically the treatment of rubrics as the main assessment instrument. It seems necessary to carry out further research on assessment instruments for dissertations and theses, given their proven relevance.
... P1: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio proviene de una familia empresaria.P2: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio ha cursado estudios superiores.P3: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio ha tenido experiencia previa laborando en empresa.P4: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio percibe un sano equilibrio entre su vida familiar y empresarial.P5: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio cuenta con el apoyo de su familia nuclear.Memoria en Extenso del 10° Congreso Nacional de Investigación Empresas Familiares y Desarrollo Regional post COVID-19 | 2020 663 | P á g i n a P6: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio utiliza con conocimiento prácticas de gestión.P7: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio promueve la inclusión y desarrollo de otras mujeres.P8: La mujer que desarrolla con éxito su negocio decide rápidamente la sucesión en otras mujeres altamente capacitadas.MétodosGummesson(2015)afirma que la metodología cualitativa y los casos de estudio proveen al estudioso de la administración, liderazgo y empresa, entre otras disciplinas, de poderosas herramientas de investigación, en las que la aplicación, el énfasis y el significado pueden variar considerablemente, ya que trata con la vida humana en diferentes tipos de escenarios, con diversos propósitos y desde distintas perspectivas.El estudio de caso surge como un enfoque metodológico prominente en las investigaciones de empresas familiares de corte cualitativo(Leppäaho, Plakoyiannaki y Dimitratos, 2015).A ese respecto, De Massis y Kotlar (2014) afirman que las empresas familiares representan un fenómeno diferente que puede ser estudiado desde diversos enfoques teóricos y niveles de análisis. Por su parte, el estudio de caso, ha sido definido como el estudio de la particularidad y complejidad de uno o más casos con el fin de comprender su actividad dentro de ciertas circunstancias importantes(Stake, 1995), al abordar preguntas sobre el "cómo" o el "por qué" de un fenómeno de interés y de su contexto(Yin, 2018), pudiendo ser una persona, una organización, un programa, un grupo, una política específica y otros(Merriam, 2007).Memoria en Extenso del 10° Congreso Nacional de Investigación Empresas Familiares y Desarrollo Regional post COVID-19 | 2020 664 | P á g i n aAl respecto, Yin (2018) dice que el estudio de caso investiga un fenómeno contemporáneo ...
Históricamente la participación de la mujer en la vida económica de un país ha estado relegada, su desarrollo en las empresas ha sido frenado al ser discriminada por su género y la proporción de mujeres emprendedoras en México es significativamente menor que la de varones. Las empresas familiares están adquiriendo una mayor importancia como sujetos de investigación por sus peculiares características y los estudios de la mujer dentro de la misma empiezan a surgir. Lo anterior hace que una mujer que emprende una empresa familiar y la desarrolla con éxito a través del tiempo deba ser estudiada para aumentar el conocimiento sobre este importante fenómeno social y económico. Utilizando el método de caso se desarrolló una investigación de mujeres mexicanas que encabezan una empresa familiar, que por su crecimiento, importancia o trascendencia intergeneracional son sobresalientes. Se presentan los resultados de mujeres emprendedoras de este tipo de negocio en 3 estados del noreste, centro y sureste de México, que indican que ellas muestran una madurez adquirida en el hogar, la escuela, y la empresa, que las dota de sentido de responsabilidad, deseos de superación y ambición de éxito; que afrontan problemas de desequilibrio en sus roles de esposa-madre-propietaria de empresa y sin embargo, se perciben como transmisoras de valores a la generación siguiente que esperan se haga cargo del negocio; son conscientes de los problemas de gestión que enfrentan y de la ausencia de un proceso sucesorio formal
... This particular case is selected because it demonstrates how LSS can be customised to enhance workflow efficiency and patient outcomes in AS intervention, directly addressing the research issue and gaps found in the literature. The study utilises the strengths of a detailed case study to explore the complexities of problem-solving and quality improvement initiatives in healthcare, as outlined by Stake (2010). In addition, to ensure the rigour of the case methodology, the study incorporates several validity and reliability measures, as follows. ...
Purpose
Workflow optimisation is crucial for establishing a viable acute stroke (AS) intervention programme in a large tertiary care centre. This study aims to utilise Lean Six Sigma (LSS) principles to enhance the hospital's workflow.
Design/methodology/approach
The Action Research methodology was used to implement the project and develop the case study. The study took place in a large tertiary care academic hospital in India. The Define-Measure-Analyse-Improve-Control approach optimised the workflow within 6 months. Lean tools such as value stream mapping (VSM), waste audits and Gemba were utilised to identify issues involving various stakeholders in the workflow. Sigma-level calculations were used to compare baseline, improvement and sustainment status. Additionally, statistical techniques were effectively employed to draw meaningful inferences.
Findings
LSS tools and techniques can be effectively utilised in large tertiary care hospitals to optimise workflow through a structured approach. Sigma ratings of the processes showed substantial improvement, resulting in a five-fold increase in clinical outcomes. Specifically, there was a 43% improvement in outcome for patients who underwent acute stroke revascularisation. However, certain sigma ratings deteriorated during the control and extended control (sustainment) phases. This indicates that ensuring the sustainability of quality control interventions in healthcare is challenging and requires continuous auditing.
Research limitations/implications
The article presents a single case study deployed in a hospital in India. Thus, the generalisation of outcomes has a significant limitation. Also, the study encounters the challenge of not having a parallel control group, which is a common limitation in quality improvement studies in healthcare. Many studies in healthcare quality improvement, including this one, are limited by minimal data on long-term follow-up and the sustainability of achieved results.
Originality/value
This study pioneers the integration of LSS methodologies in a large Indian tertiary care hospital, specifically targeting AS intervention. It represents the first LSS case study applied in the stroke department of any hospital in India. Whilst most case studies discuss only the positive aspects, this article fills a critical gap by unearthing the challenges of applying LSS in a complex healthcare setting, offering insights into sustainable quality improvement and operational efficiency. This case study contributes to the theoretical understanding of LSS in healthcare. It showcases its real-world impact on patient outcomes and process optimisation.
... This study utilized a case study methodology (Stake, 1995;Yin, 2012) to examine the development of engineering competencies and identities within a STEM high school that serves predominantly Black and Brown students. A total of six African American adolescents were included in the study. ...
... Required information were generated through the in-depth interview (Kvale, 1996) and focus group discussions (Wibeck et al., 2007). And the information was appraised through four stages of information analysis such as developing categorical aggregation for emerging relevant meanings, direct interpretation so as to draw meaning from single instance without looking multiple instances for correspondence between two or more categories (cross case synthesis), and holistic analysis so that people can learn from case either for themselves or to apply to population of participants (Stake, 1995;Yazan, 2015). During the analysis the research issues have been interpreted through the goal orientation (Elliot & Dweck, 2005), self-efficacy (Bandura, 1962(Bandura, , 1988 as well as need and motives (Maslow, 1943) theoretical gazes. ...
The study appraises current practices of teachers’ motivation and students’ performance in community schools of Lalitpur. The objective of the study is to conceptualized motivation from effective teaching and learning perspectives that fostered students’ performances. The study applied single instrumental case study methodology in which information are generated from in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. During the analysis, the theoretical insights were brought from goal orientation, and need/motivation theories. The study finds that, teachers applying various motivational strategies to the school that increases students’ performances. Students are becoming sensitive on moral value of education; they are questioning on ethical character, subject knowledge and expertise the teaching and parenting. Writing skill and academic performance of the students found in improving trend.
... The term "instrumental" is used because it helps give insight into the topic and helps refine theory as it 50 plays a supportive role (Baxter & Jack, 2008). The study categorization is a constructivist paradigm (Stake, 1995;Yin, 2003). I take a theoretical framework view, which focuses on systems thinking and holism as opposed to separate parts. ...
Sustainable Development of Rural Communities via the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem way
... Esta escolha se justifica pela relevância do setor sucroalcooleiro na economia brasileira e pela necessidade de compreender os desafios e oportunidades enfrentados por pessoas com deficiência visual neste contexto específico. O estudo de caso, como metodologia, segue as recomendações de Stake (1995), que destaca a importância de explorar profundamente um caso único para obter insights detalhados e contextualizados. Em meados do ano passado, a usina contratou um novo auxiliar jurídico, destacando-se não apenas pela sua qualificação profissional, mas também por ser uma pessoa com deficiência visual. ...
Este estudo investigou o processo de contratação e as condições de trabalho de uma pessoa com deficiência visual em uma usina de produção de álcool e açúcar, sob a ótica da legislação trabalhista brasileira e das práticas organizacionais. Por meio de uma abordagem metodológica que incluiu análise documental e comparativa dos contratos de trabalho, foram identificadas diferenças e desafios enfrentados por esse grupo de trabalhadores no acesso e permanência no mercado de trabalho. Os resultados revelaram a presença de disposições legais e práticas organizacionais voltadas para a inclusão e acessibilidade das pessoas com deficiência visual, como cotas de contratação, adaptações no ambiente de trabalho e garantias de igualdade de oportunidades. No entanto, foram identificadas lacunas na efetiva implementação dessas políticas, refletidas em dificuldades na obtenção de adaptações razoáveis e limitações no avanço na carreira. Essas descobertas ressaltam a importância de uma abordagem integrada e sensível à diversidade no ambiente de trabalho, que vá além do cumprimento das exigências legais e promova uma cultura organizacional inclusiva e acolhedora para todos os empregados.
... We conducted a qualitative instrumental case study. 7 This methodology allows researchers to explore a case not for its own sake (as in an intrinsic case study) but to understand some broader phenomenon. 8 We explored the lived experiences of Black faculty, students, and staff to understand the broader issue of anti-Black racism at the University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine and the key challenges Black learners face as they navigate medical education. ...
Background: Addressing anti-Black racism in medical education in Canada has become increasingly urgent as more Black learners enter medical institutions and bring attention to the racist harms they face. We sought to gather evidence of experiences of racism among Black medical learners and to explore the con- texts within which racism is experienced by learners.
Methods: Drawing on critical race and structural violence theories, we con- ducted interviews with Black medical faculty, students, residents, and staff at the University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine between May and July 2022. We thematically analyzed interviews using instrumental case study methodology.
Results: Thematic analyses from 13 interviews revealed 5 central themes describing experiences of racism and the compounding nature of racist exposures as learners progressed in medicine. Medical learners experienced racism through uncomfortable encounters and microaggressions. Blatant acts of racism were instances where patients and superiors harmed students in various ways, including through use of the N-word by a superior in 1 instance. Learners also experienced curricular racism through the absence of the Black body in the curriculum and the undue pathologizing of Blackness. Medical hierarchies reinforced anti-Black racism by under- mining accountability and protecting powerful perpetrators. Finally, Black women medical learners identified intersecting oppressions and misogynoir that compounded their experience of racism. We propose that experiences of racism may worsen as learners progress in medicine in part because of increases in the sources of and exposure to racism.
Interpretation: Anti-Black racism in medical education in Canada is experienced subtly through microaggressions or blatantly from different sources including medical faculty. As Black learners progress in medicine, anti-Black racism may become worse because of the compounding effects of exposures to a wider range of sources of racist behaviour.
... The thematic data analysis technique is used to analyze the qualitative secondary data to identify codes and themes which are then used to develop the narrative (Stake, 1995;Ward et al., 2009). Five steps are followed in the data analysis phase which includes getting familiarized with data, developing codes, identifying themes, reviewing and re-reviewing themes, and writing analysis. ...
In the contemporary neo-materialistic capitalist realities, artificial intelligence (Al) and marketing are two of the most talked-about concepts among digitally connected consumers and technology savvy marketers. This research paper aims to discuss the concepts of AL how Al is embedded in marketing and how it is integrated into marketing in Bangladesh. It uses a qualitative secondary research approach and thematic data analysis to analyze qualitative secondary data. It identifies that given the never-ending advancements in respective fields, Al is going to be the next general-purpose technology, like a computer. However, despite the seemingly unstoppable nature of advancements in Al, government policies play crucial roles in controlling the uncontrolled disruptive nature of Al, which is essential to ensure order and fair practices, given the mass population in Bangladesh are not skilled and structurally ready to accept AL While Al divides in the context of Bangladesh can be identified as the area of theoretical debate highlighted by this article, it needs further research to construct the respective framework. Marketers are suggested to go for controlled automation and ensure human control in case of sensitive processes. They can compensate for the lack of Al readiness with the help of acquiring technology companies to gain Al compatibility, but they should consider the availability of required infrastructural and legislative frameworks.
... This exploratory study employed an intrinsic case study approach. While an instrumental case study aims to understand a particular phenomenon by generalizing across cases, an intrinsic case study investigates a unique and specific case (Stake, 1995). Here, a 50-minute language class with one teacher, one CAI, and four students constituted one unit of analysis, and two such units were analyzed in total. ...
This study investigated the usage of conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) to support learners in foreign language classrooms. It employed Google Assistant and focused on the interactions between the teacher, learners, and CAI, as well as the teacher's collaboration with CAI. Using social network and content analyses of two 50-minute language classes and group interviews, this study revealed that the teacher and CAI played a significant role during classroom interactions. The teacher employed various talk moves to facilitate interactions between the students and CAI. There were several instances of collaboration between the teacher and CAI during classroom facilitation. This study highlights the implications of the collaboration between human teachers and CAI in classrooms for teaching foreign languages and suggests avenues for future research.
... To validate the suggested framework, we conducted a case study analysis (Miles & Huberman, 1994). In particular, we used the directed single-case content analysis to validate the theoretical propositions (Yin, 2003;Stake, 1995) with a deductive category application (Mayring, 2000). To overcome the limits of this methodology, we assure validity (Jones & Shoemaker, 1994) and reliability (Morse & Richards, 2002) of our study. ...
The current challenge of green transition is based on the circular economy (CE) as a convincing model of production and consumption. However, this transition needs to be approached by firms with a strategic attitude, that is, to blend the circular concepts within the strategy’s definition and implementation and related risks. Starting from a gap in the existing literature and supported by theoretical background, we aim at identifying the key strategic risks to consider in the transition to CE at firm-level. For this purpose, we offer a conceptual framework validated by a case-study analysis. The framework acts as a valuable tool for strategic transition from a linear economy to a circular one, according to a risk-based view.
... Fokus studi kasus adalah spesifikasi kasus dalam suatu kejadian baik berupa entitas yang konkret misalnya individu, kelompok kecil, organisasi atau kemitraan (Yin, 2009). Dengan menggunakan studi kasus, peneliti dapat memperoleh informasi langsung dan terbaru tentang masalah yang sedang diteliti (Lincoln, 1995) Penelitian ini termasuk jenis studi kasus instrumental karena bertujuan untuk memahami isu, problem, keprihatianan dan mengeksplorasi sebuah konsep atau mengilustrasikan persoalan (Stake, 1995). Penelitian ini menjadikan unit kasus Pak Ogah Kota Makassar untuk mengeksplorasi sebuah konsep eksistensi Pak Ogah pada ruang publik jalan raya di kota Makassar. ...
This research is motivated by the emergence of many "Pak Ogah" in the public spaces of the Makassar city's streets. They come from various age groups, ranging from children, teenagers, adults to the elderly. The aim of this study is to describe their existence in the midst of the public spaces of the Makassar city streets. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection is carried out using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are conducted by reducing, presenting, and drawing conclusions from the data. Research informants consist of "Pak Ogah" in several points in the city of Makassar. The results show that the use of public spaces on the streets is the most feasible existence choice for "Pak Ogah". The "Pak Ogah" phenomenon also reveals problems with the lower class in urban society. "Pak Ogah" is a job that is quite related to the lower class of society because it does not require high education qualifications, does not require special skills, and can be done with a flexible schedule. The street as a public space is understood as an arena where they can earn a living while expressing their existence and actualization. This phenomenon is a struggle for existence as well as a form of expression of the lack of public spaces in the city of Makassar. Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya Pak Ogah bermunculan di ruang publik jalan raya kota Makassar. Mereka memiliki latar usia yang beragam, mulai dari kalangan anak-anak, remaja, dewasa hingga orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana eksistensinya di tengah ruang publik jalan raya di Kota Makassar. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan menarik kesimpulan. Informan penelitian terdiri dari Pak Ogah pada beberapa titik di kota Makassar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ruang publik jalan raya adalah pilihan eksistensi paling memungkinkan bagi pak ogah. Fenomena pak ogah juga menunjukkan masalah kelas bawah pada masyarakat perkotaan. Pak ogah sebagai pekerjaan yang cukup bersahabt dengan masyarakat kelas bawah karena tidak memerlukan kualifikasi pendidikan yang tinggi, tidak membutuhkan keahlian yang khusus, dan dapat dilakukan dengan waktu yang longgar. Jalan raya sebagai ruang publik dipahami sebagai arena dimana mereka bisa mendapatkan penghidupan sekaligus mengekspresikan eksistensi dan aktualisasinya. Fenomena ini merupakan satu pertarungan eksistensi sekaligus bentuk ekspresi atas minimnya ruang publik yang ada di kota makassar.
... La epistemología hipotética sirvió de base para construir un DSES (Figura 7), que permitió analizar la resignificación de usos de la cuantificación construida por el estudiantado tras desarrollar la situación (el detalle sobre cómo fue realizado el DSES se encuentra en la subsección Emergencia de una resignificación de usos de la cuantificación en estudiantes). Para este propósito se realizó un estudio de caso (Stake, 1995) con doce estudiantes de ingeniería de una universidad chilena (rotulados como E1, E2,.., E12), para describir e interpretar las racionalidades y sus formas de interactuar durante el desarrollo de la situación. Se les pidió a las personas participantes trabajar en grupos para fomentar el trabajo colaborativo. ...
[Objetivo] La enseñanza de la cuantificación suele enfocarse en fórmulas para cuantificar la medida de magnitudes geométricas, ignorando sus usos en otras disciplinas. Esto hace indispensable formular marcos de referencia que le permitan a dicha enseñanza atender las justificaciones funcionales demandadas por otros dominios de conocimiento. Por tal razón, y enmarcada en la socioepistemología, el objetivo de esta investigación fue formular una epistemología de usos de la cuantificación. [Metodología] La metodología fue cualitativa y estuvo conformada por un corpus teórico-metodológico que articuló constructos de la categoría de modelación con datos empíricos. Esta formulación se llevó a cabo en dos fases. En la primera se enunció, de manera hipotética, una epistemología con base en un análisis a la resignificación de usos de la cuantificación construida en dos situaciones específicas de medición: una propia de una comunidad interdisciplinar y otra propia de la obra matemática titulada Intégrale, Longueur, Aire. La segunda fase analizó la emergencia de una resignificación de usos de la cuantificación en estudiantes de ingeniería durante el desarrollo de una situación escolar diseñada con base en la epistemología hipotética. [Resultados] Esta emergencia permitió validar empíricamente esta epistemología y expresar una transversalidad de usos de la cuantificación en situaciones específicas de medición, conformadas de significaciones, procedimientos e instrumentos que en conjunto derivan argumentaciones de cuantificación. [Conclusiones] Esta epistemología de usos permite plasmar a la situación de medición como un referente educativo para establecer el uso, la resignificación y la transversalidad de la cuantificación.
... Second, to understand the overall meaning conveyed by the student-teachers about the patterns related to their participation in the ADDIE model of CALL TPP and development in their PA, we could conduct a qualitative case study. It could help us obtain 'assertions' (Stake, 1995) or 'patterns' (Yin, 2018), which are the overall identification of the cases. Third, a qualitative case study helped us develop an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon (Creswell & Poth, 2018), which was the role of the ADDIE model of CALL TPP in developing student-teachers' PA. ...
Developing teachers’ professional agency through standard models of instructional designs is critical in helping them deal with the barriers in designing and implementing online learning environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of an ADDIE (Analysis–Design–Development–Implementation–Evaluation) model of the computer-assisted language learning (CALL) teacher preparation program (TPP) in developing TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) student-teachers’ professional agency (PA). We conducted an instrumental (exploratory) case study to explore the PA development of 18 TEFL student-teachers who took a CALL course that was designed based on ADDIE. The deductive thematic analysis of student-teachers’ autobiographical narratives, unstructured interviews, and course projects showed that each stage of ADDIE contributed to developing the dimensions of the PA. We concluded that the constructive role of the ADDIE model of CALL TPP in developing TEFL student-teachers’ PA might be due to ADDIE’s capability to construct a context for developing student-teachers’ dynamic capacity to tackle educational concerns and provide a context of playing different professional roles. The study bears implications for TEFL teacher educators to consider the action-based nature of PA when the ADDIE model is implemented.
This paper investigates the process of second language acquisition of an English language learner by collecting qualitative data using triangulation technique. The data collected include observation, interview, and existing documents. The participant is an undergraduate student, Miss Ibrahim (pseudonym) majoring in Chemistry at Western Oregon University. The purpose is to analyze the psychological and socio-cultural factors affecting the process of second language acquisition and its impact on the learner's language skills. The data analysis indicated that psychological and socio-cultural factors highly influenced the ELL's language development.
In this research aiming to building awareness towards Turkish culture among students learning Turkish as a foreign language, the case study design, one of the qualitative research patterns, has been employed. The study group consisted of 25 students studying at the C1 level, where cultural immersion is deepened, at Yıldız University TOMER. In the research, researchers created an Instagram page and asked the students to follow it. The page's privacy settings were adjusted to private mode to prevent access by anyone other than the students, ensuring the confidentiality of the data. Students were informed that Turkish cultural visuals would be shared on the page twice a day for three weeks. Additionally, students were asked to keep Instagram notifications turned on. Following the visuals shared by the researchers and their accompanying explanations, students were requested to conduct research on these visuals and write a sentence under each post. Furthermore, students were instructed to read what their peers wrote before composing their sentences. At the end of the application, the Turkish Culture Test (TCT) was administered to the students. Subsequently, a structured interview form was applied to the students to observe the impact of the implemented activity on the transfer of Turkish cultural elements. The general results of the research showed that 76% of the students had a normal or aboveaverage awareness of Turkish culture. Therefore, it can be stated that the conducted study contributed to the formation of Turkish cultural awareness among students learning Turkish as a foreign language.
In the rapidly evolving education landscape, subject coordinators play a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth functioning of academic departments. Their responsibilities encompass various tasks, from curriculum management to teacher support. Employing a qualitative approach, it adopts a descriptive phenomenological design to delve into the lived experiences of subject coordinators. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the study aimed to understand the specific challenges, perceptions, coping strategies, and long-term professional growth of subject coordinators. Findings revealed that subject coordinators face overwhelming administrative responsibilities, often struggling to balance teaching with administrative duties. Despite this, they find fulfillment in their roles, contributing to curriculum development and student success. Coping strategies such as task prioritization and maintaining work-life balance were employed, alongside a recognition of the institution's support in professional development. Subject coordinators believe their efforts positively impact educational outcomes, highlighting their significance in maintaining academic standards and promoting student success. Recommendations include workload management, professional development opportunities, effective communication, wellness programs, and recognition of their contributions. Understanding these challenges and supporting subject coordinators is crucial for fostering a conducive working environment and ensuring educational excellence.
Since the emergence of the Covid-19 virus, the world has changed in almost all spheres. the diocese of Damongo has been severe. Among other things, finances of parishes diminished, church attendance declined, and the faith of parishioners was put to the test during the pandemic. Yet, parishes also learned new ways of evangelizing during the pandemic, namely through digitalization. Survival was a major challenge for parishes during the pandemic. Priests resorted to God for protection. Lay associations and societies were appealed to for donations. Digital platforms were adopted to facilitate evangelization. Based on the findings, the study recommended that parishes should be pastorally proactive, invest in other sustainable ventures, and use accrued funds judiciously. The study further recommended that a self-reliance drive which the diocese initiated in the past be upheld and parishes should explore modern digital means of reaching out to the community of faithful across the diocese of Damongo.
The significance of considering local hidden voices in urban design projects is the central theme of this book. With the manifestation and influence of critical attacks on modern urban developments occurring during the 1960s, there have been ongoing worldwide discussions concerning the context of living place, defining the city as an image of memory and meaning (Lynch, 1960), social interaction and close social relationships (Jacobs, 1961), identity and orientation (Norberg-Schulz, 1980) amongst many other definitions, which signify the importance of the social fabric in making urban places. The disconnection existing between modern city designers and citizens seems to be the key problem in modern urban developments. As Jane Jacobs (1961, p. 15) examined an ordinary citizen’s statement, “nobody cared what we wanted when they built this place”, which illustrates this common practice. This issue of ‘sensory deprivation’, however, has ‘larger causes’ and ‘deeper historical origins’ (Sennett, 1994, p. 16). Traditional Iranian cities, as examples, have been influenced by modern urban developments [A traditional city ‘simply refers to the pattern of development that human civilization has built in for millennia’ (Price, 2013, p. 1)]. In this book, along with general historical investigations, I attempt to discover this urban transformation through the involvement with ordinary citizens’ life stories and daily activities in order to design a new urban methodology for Iranian urban studies. This book, therefore, is a social study of traditional Iranian cities using Yazd as a specific case study: how people move about the city; what manner of social relationships and facilities they engage in as opposed to those they would wish to have; what their memories tell about their living places; why some people enjoy living in the older fabrics while others prefer to live in the newer fabrics; and if there exist any interconnections between these areas. In this opening chapter, I will discuss the lack of contemporary citizen’s participations in Iran, and why Yazd was chosen for this study. Then, I will explain the designed methodology followed by using 'shoe' as a symbol of social and urban transformations.
As the hospitality industry continues to evolve in response to changing consumer expectations and market dynamics, the integration of smart technologies emerges as a strategic imperative for businesses to remain competitive and deliver exceptional guest experiences. This case study aims to analyze the integration of smart technologies to enhance personalized guest experiences within the hospitality sector and analyze its impact on customer experience and customer satisfaction. With a focus on a real-world example from the Hotel Lugano Dante, situated in the vibrant city center of Lugano, Switzerland, the study examines the implementation and impact of the Happy Guest Relationship Management (HGRM) system. To achieve the objective presented, the case study will employ secondary data, through research papers and an analysis of some TripAdvisor reviews of the Lugano Dante Hotel in Switzerland, the study reveals the profound impact of the HGRM system on guest satisfaction, operational efficiency, and the cultivation of long-lasting guest relationships.
The significance of implementing sustainable tourism practices has grown in light of the challenges of climate change and the diminishing availability of resources. Responsible tourism practices prioritize proactive engagement over mere adherence to sustainable practices. Therefore, the importance of responsibility cannot be overstated with the recovery and conservation efforts within the tourism sector. Responsibility should extend to the guests and encompass the environment, staff, and residents. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the potential for homestays to implement responsible tourist practices and maintain resilience. To accomplish the study's objective, an interview was conducted with a homestay owner in Shimla and Ratnari. Based on the author's understanding and the available literature on responsible tourism, there appears to be a dearth of studies about applying responsible tourism principles within the context of homestays. Therefore, the present study is of significant importance.
In an era marked by persistent challenges and uncertainties, gaining insights into how family businesses navigate crises becomes imperative. While previous research has delved into the resilience of family firms, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive exploration into how inherent traits in family businesses, particularly within collectivist societies, contribute to their resilience during crises. This study aims to fill this gap and elucidate the distinctive dynamics and behaviours exhibited by family businesses in such cultural contexts. Utilising qualitative case studies and interviews, this research delves into nuanced insights into the dynamic approaches employed by these businesses. The family firms demonstrated adaptability by adjusting their operations and leveraged human resources by seeking support from family members. Additionally, they showcased creativity in enhancing market offerings. The study also reveals unique behaviours, particularly resilience through collaboration with competitors. This research makes an academic contribution by offering insights into the behaviour of family businesses within collectivist cultural contexts during crises. From a practical standpoint, it informs the development of tailored crisis management strategies for family business owners and policymakers, underscoring the significance of collaboration among competitors. The study emphasizes avenues for fostering innovative approaches, promoting resilience, and ensuring sustainability within the ever-evolving business landscape. Furthermore, it establishes a foundation for future explorations, urging further investigation into crisis adaptation strategies tailored to the cultural contexts in which family businesses are situated.
A indústria de confecção brasileira é fundamental para a economia, empregando milhões e contribuindo significativamente para o PIB. No entanto, enfrenta desafios na gestão de estoques e previsão de demanda, o que exige estratégias eficientes. O Plano de Controle de Produção (PCP) e o Plano Mestre de Produção (PMP) são cruciais para melhorar a eficiência operacional. Apesar da importância do PMP, muitas empresas ainda não o utilizam adequadamente. Este estudo de caso é referente a uma empresa de confecção em Vitória da Conquista – BA, e mostra que a implementação do PMP traz melhoras significativas na gestão e controle das atividades produtivas, resultando em um ambiente mais organizado e eficiente. A adoção de uma metodologia estruturada permitiu à empresa estabelecer metas claras, monitorar o desempenho dos produtos, ajustar rapidamente a produção conforme as variações de demanda e reduzir desperdícios. Esses avanços não apenas melhoraram a competitividade da empresa no mercado, mas também garantiram um ambiente mais controlado e previsível, essencial para o crescimento sustentável. A integração de tecnologias e metodologias de gestão, incluindo ferramentas como Power BI e Excel, foi essencial para esse progresso. Portanto, a implementação eficaz do PMP é uma estratégia valiosa para impulsionar o desempenho e garantir a competitividade das empresas do setor de confecção.
While an extensive body of work has examined the dynamics of rework in engineer-to-order (ETO) production systems, and several archetypes to mitigate its occurrence have been produced, the role of error-making has yet to be thoroughly examined. This paper uses the theoretical lens of error-as-process to explain the rework phenomena where errors are viewed as a chain of emergent triggers, adaptive activities, and social interactions that progress and transform over time in an ETO production system. We develop a resilient error-as-process archetype-based emergent best practice to address the following research questions: (1) How and why do errors and rework occur? and (2) How should a project system adapt and respond to errors and manage rework? An inductive case study of a relational ETO production system – an AU$19.8 billion transport infrastructure project procured using a program alliance – is undertaken to examine our research questions. Through various data collection methods (e.g., interviews, documentation, and site dairies), several rework events occurring in construction are identified and analysed using our process-oriented lens. Several latent conditions (e.g., production pressure and procedural drift) and contributory factors (e.g., complacency creep and communication breakdowns) resulting in error-making and rework are unearthed. We also reveal the alliance was able to adapt and respond to errors and its rework by building resilience into its production ecosystem, as this enhanced its team and subcontractors’ adaptive capacity. Our theoretically robust error-as-process archetype is grounded in the actualities of practice. It provides a frame of reference to show how relational ETO production systems should mitigate their rework. Future research is required to validate our resilient error-as-process archetype so that best practices can be identified and drawn upon to contain and reduce errors and mitigate rework in construction and other ETO production systems (e.g. shipbuilding), where relational contracting prevails.
Este trabalho propõe discutir uma perspectiva de projetação de cenários de futuros, buscando elementos para pensar estratégias que estimulem o desenvolvimento de futuros possíveis e desejáveis para a moda autoral no contexto brasileiro a partir da análise de uma expressão local da tendência contemporânea de redes colaborativas em economia criativa e em moda autoral com propostas pautadas em valores de localismo e sustentabilidade. Para tanto, nos valemos de uma abordagem qualitativa, conectando princípios e conceitos da Antropologia, da Sociologia, do Design Estratégico e do Foresight. Para atender a objetivos propostos pelo trabalho, também nos valemos da utilização de ferramentas, sendo que as mesmas são introduzidas, explicadas e utilizadas em seções específicas do trabalho.
Collaborative networks are gaining momentum in research and practice as a tool to solve complex problems and create public value. While being characterised as self-regulating and relatively autonomous, collaborative networks have been widely recognised to need metagovernance to drive their collaborative process forward. However, limited attention has been paid to how metagovernors exercise power without undermining the capacity of collaborative networks to solve collective problems. To contribute to this knowledge gap, we develop a new theoretical framework based on a cumulative power perspective in the context of the metagovernance of collaborative networks. We outline three modalities of metagovernance (output, input and process) through which metagovernors can exercise power by structurally privileging either their own interests or those on whose behalf they metagovern. We apply the theoretical framework to a Danish case study of collaborative networks in sustainable housing. Through this case, we showcase the repressive and constructive features of power in the metagovernance of collaborative networks. A key research finding is that metagovernors can improve their awareness of how to balance constructively and repressively exercising and distributing power in collaborative networks by understanding the power dynamics entangled in the different modalities of metagovernance.
In this study, Organizational Ecology Theory (OEK), which researches and analyzes the establishment and closure rates of organizations, was discussed and then some evaluations were made on the Population of Insurance Agencies in Turkey. The definition of insurance agencies as a "population" and the problems that agents encounter throughout their lives are discussed. As it is known, ÖEK adopts the selection approach and argues that the environment has a determining effect on the life of organizations. The radical changes experienced in the Turkish insurance sector in recent years are defined as coarse-grained changes in the SPEC. According to the theory, it is claimed that not every organization can keep up with these large-scale changes. It is claimed that organizations can be relatively successful in solving daily problems, which ÖEK defines as small-grain change, and that such changes may affect the life performance of organizations, but the impact of this influence on their lifespan may be limited at first. Although OEK generally focuses on examining the establishment and closure rates of organizations, it is thought that the issue of which factors affect these rates remains far from the research focus. From the perspective of the sorting approach, the main purpose of the study is to investigate which factors cause organizations to be established and which ones to close down.
Bu çalışmada örgütlerin kuruluş ve kapanış oranlarını araştırıp analiz eden Örgütsel Ekoloji Kuramı (ÖEK) ele alınmış ve ardından Türkiye’deki Sigorta Acenteleri Popülasyonu üzerinde bazı değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Sigorta acentelerinin bir “popülasyon” olarak tanımlanması ve acentelerin yaşamları boyunca karşılaştıkları sorunlar ele alınmıştır. Bilindiği üzere ÖEK, ayıklanma yaklaşımını benimsemekte, çevrenin örgütlerin yaşamında belirleyici etkisi olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Türk sigorta sektöründe son yıllarda yaşanan köklü değişimler, ÖEK’da iri taneli değişimler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kurama göre de bu iri taneli değişimlere her örgütün ayak uyduramayacağı ileri sürülmektedir. ÖEK’nın küçük taneli değişim olarak tanımladığı günübirlik sorunları çözmede örgütlerin nispeten başarılı olabileceği, bu tür değişimlerin örgütlerin yaşam performanslarını etkileyebileceği fakat bu etkilemenin onların ömürlerine etkisinin ilk başta sınırlı olabileceği ileri sürülmektedir. Genel olarak ÖEK örgütlerin kurulma ve kapanma oranlarını incelemeye odaklanmış olmasına rağmen, hangi etkenlerin bu oranlara etki ettiği konusunun araştırma odağının uzağında kaldığı düşünülmektedir. Ayıklama yaklaşımı çerçevesinden bakıldığında hangi etkenlerin örgütlerin kurulmasına ve hangilerinin kapanmasına neden olduğunun araştırılması çalışmanın en temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Az interjúzás az egyik leggyakoribb adatgyűjtési, vagy adatgenerálási módszer (Mason, 2002), amelyet a kvalitatív kutatók szinte mindig, és a kvantitatív kutatók is gyakran használnak. Itt most sem indokoltsága, sem helye nincs annak, hogy az interjúzással kapcsolatos, bármely szintű tudományfilozófiai és kutatásmódszertani kurzuson akár alapvetőnek tekintett ismereteket sorra vegyük. Az írás célja néhány alapfogalom tisztázása, valamint a kvalitatív interjúzással mint a BGE Családi vállalkozás Kutatási Programjában használt módszerrel összefüggő néhány gyakorlatias tapasztalat és tanács megosztása.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.