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Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporaceae, Ascomycota lichenisati), le nom légitime de Silobia
Abstract and Figures
A detailed and illustrated morphological and anatomical comparison between Polysporina subfuscescens and Trimmatothelopsis versipellis clearly shows that the latter species is not an unidentified lichen parasitized by Polysporina subfuscescens as suggested by Westberg et al. (2011). Instead, this species corresponds to an Acarospora gr. smaragdula, more specifically Acarospora rhagadhiza (syn. A. scyphulifera) as already noted by Roux and Navarro–Rosinés (2002). As a result, Silobia M. Westb. et Wedin (2011) is considered as a synonym of Trimmatothelopsis Zsch. (1934) and the following new combinations are proposed : Trimmatothelopsis dilatata (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis hassei (Herre) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis myochroa (M. Westb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis rufescens (Turn. ex Ach.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov., Trimmatothelopsis tangerina (M. Westb. et Wedin) Cl. Roux et Nav.–Ros. comb. nov.
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... & Wedin, which was published by , is typified on S. smaragdula, the same species, so the name Silobia automatically becomes a synonym of Myriospora. Roux and Navarro-Rosinés (2011), typifying the smaragdula group, including S. smaragdula, on Trimmatothelopsis versipellis (Nyl.) Zschacke, made Silobia a synonym of Trimmatothelopsis Zschacke. ...
... We agree that T. versipellis belongs in Myriospora and the name Trimmatothelopsis is also a synonym of Myriospora. This resolves the debate between and Roux and Navarro-Rosinés (2011) over the correct generic name for the smaragdula group. The generic concepts and the species concepts we accept here are based exclusively on Westberg and Wedin's excellent revision of the smaragdula group . ...
... The generic concepts and the species concepts we accept here are based exclusively on Westberg and Wedin's excellent revision of the smaragdula group . All the recognized members of the smaragdula group , Knudsen 2011, Roux & Navarro-Rosinés 2011 are now here transferred to Myriospora. ...
... There has been confusion over the application of the name Myriospora, which was initially applied to Caeruleum by Harris & Knudsen (2006). Further nomenclatural analysis (Linda in Arcadia & Knudsen 2012) established that Myriospora was typified by M. smaragdula and not M. heppii, thus becoming an earlier name for the group recognized as Silobia by Westberg & Wedin (2011) and Trimmatothelopsis by Roux & Navarro-Rosinés (2011). This disorder was unfortunate, but the situation now appears to be stable. ...
... There has been substantial difference of opinion as to the correct identity and disposition of the genus Trimmatothelopsis, but the situation has now stabilised with the Acarospora smaragdula group being assigned to Myriospora (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012, Knudsen & Lendemer 2016) rather than Trimmatothelopsis as advocated by Roux & Navarro-Rosinés et al. (2011). There are two British species. ...
... The genus Myriospora represents the former Acarospora smaragdula group, which is characterized by the pale, whitish, greyish to brownish irregular areoles or squamules, usually with several more or less punctiform, immersed apothecia and an algal layer that is disrupted at irregular intervals by bundles of medullary hyphae reaching the cortex above the algae (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012, Knudsen 2005, 2007, Roux & Navarro-Rosines 2011, Westberg et al. 2011. The species delimitation within the Acarospora smaragdula group was unclear for a long time, but the studies by Wedin et al. (2009) and Westberg et al. (2011) brought light into the darkness of this difficult complex. ...
... In Dolnik et al. (2012) recent records of M. rhagadiza were published under the name Trimmatothelopsis versipellis (Nyl.) Zschacke according to Roux & Navarro-Rosines (2011), who synonymized Silobia rhagadiza with that species. Arcadia & Knudsen (2012) synonymised Trimmatothelopsis with Myriospora and accepted M. rhagadiza as distinct from M. versipellis (Nyl.) ...
Information on the ecology and distribution of Myriospora species in the Baltic coastal zone of Germany is
provided. The three species (M. myochroa, M. rhagadiza, M. smaragdula) occurring in the study area are
widely distributed, but show differences in frequency and distribution pattern. Myriospora rhagadiza is rather
common but strictly restricted to the Baltic shoreline in contrast to the other two species.
... The center of diversity of the genus appears to be in Europe where nine species occur. The genus was originally treated as Silobia ( Westberg et al. 2011, Knudsen 2011) and briefly as Trimmatothelopsis [(Roux & Navarro-Rosinés 2011); for a current circumscription of Trimmatothelopsis see Knudsen & Lendemer 2016]. It is now treated under its oldest available name Myriospora ( Arcadia & Knudsen 2012). ...
Myriospora dilatata is newly reported for the Czech Republic and M. myochroa new for Italy. Myriospora rufescens was rediscovered in Germany almost 100 years after its first collection. A neotype is designated for Acarospora fusca, which is recognized as a synonym of M. rufescens.
... The nomenclature of the species adopted in this catalogue is based mainly on recent versions of Index Fungorum (Oct 2016) and MycoBank (Oct 2016) databases, combined with a number of taxonomic publications (e.g. Arcadia 2013; Arcadia, Knudsen 2012; Arup et al. 2013;Arup, Sandler Berlin 2011;Bendiksby, Timdal 2013;Blaha, Grube 2007;Breuss 2009;Brodo et al. 1994;Czarnota 2007;Diederich et al. 2016;Ekman, Svensson 2014;Ertz, Tehler 2011;Fryday et al. 2014;Gueidan et al. 2007;Kalb 2007;Knudsen, Kocourková 2008;Kondatyuk et al. 2014;Kraichak et al. 2015;Krzewicka 2012;Lendemer 2011;Nordin et al. 2010;Palice et al. 2011;Paukov et al. 2016;Randlane et al. 2009Randlane et al. , 2013Rodriguez Flakus, Printzen 2014;Roux, Navarro-Rosinés 2011;Santesson et al. 2004;Schmitt et al. 2012;Schultz et al. 2012Schultz et al. , 2015Sérusiaux et al. 2010;Spribille et al. 2011;Thell et al. 2008;Westberg, Arup 2011;Xin et al. 2012). For 286 taxa, whose names have been changed compared to the previous edition of the checklist, the old names published there are added as synonyms; these names are listed in the chapter 4. The index of Polish names of all the species is also given (chapter 5). ...
ABSTRACT: This catalogue consists of 1642 lichen species and 19 subspecies belonging
to 333 genera. All the taxa recorded to date on the Polish territory are listed. For
taxa recorded after 2003 and not included to the previous checklist the appropriate
reference is given. If present, contemporary taxonomical revisions of individual
genera and other groups occurring in Poland are also cited. For 286 taxa, whose
names have been changed compared to the previous edition of the checklist, the old
names published there are added as synonyms. The index of Polish names of all
species is also given.
... linn. Provence, t. 67, 2016 sis versipellis est un genre bien distinct de Polysporina (contrairement à l'opinion de Westberg et Wedin (2011) qui avaient considéré T. versipellis comme un synonyme de Polysporina fuscescens) et de Myriospora (que Navarro-Rosinés et Roux, 2011, avaient inclus dans Trimmatothelopsis). Elle indique également que T. versipellis forme un clade avec deux espèces mor- phologiquement et anatomiquement très distinctes, vraisemblablement au niveau générique, Thelocarpella gordensis et Acarospora rhizobola, ce dernier appartenant « probablement à un nouveau genre », ce que l'étude Gueidan et al. (2014), « beaucoup trop sommaire au sujet d'A. ...
RÉSUMÉ : Après avoir résumé l’état des connaissances sur le genre Trimmatothelopsis jusqu’en 2015, les auteurs montrent que la conception élargie de ce genre proposée par Knudsen et Lendemer (2016) est contestable, car basée sur une étude phylogénétique insuffisante de la famille des Acarosporaceae, et rectifient quelques affirmations erronées de ces auteurs. RESUMO : Post resumado de la sciostato pri la genro Trimmatothelopsis ĝis 2015, la aŭtoroj evidentigas, ke la plilarĝigita koncepto pri la genro, proponita far Knudsen kaj Lendemer (2016), estas kontestebla, ĉar bazita sur nesu ĉa kladogeneza studo de la familio Acarosporaceae, kaj korektas kelkajn erarajn asertojn far ĉi tiuj aŭtoroj. ABSTRACT : After a brief review of the knowledge available until 2015 on the genus Trimmatothelopsis, the authors show that the broad generic concept proposed by Knudsen and Lendemer (2016) is doubtful because it is based on a limited phylogenetic study, and rectify some erroneous statements made by these authors.
... Nonetheless we were reluctant to publish these results because the taxon still differed from reports of Thelocarpella in having apothecioid rather than perithecioid ascomata, and thus would have necessitated the description of a new monotypic genus. Delaying publishing our results was fortuitous because Gueidan et al. (2014) sequenced another similar species, Trimmatothelopsis versipellis, and discovered that it was not a member of the Acarospora smaragdula group as had been proposed by Roux and Navarro-Rosinés (2011). Instead, T. versipellis was shown to be a member of the same clade as Thelocarpella gordensis and Acarospora rhizobola. ...
Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of the lichen family Acarosporaceae have shown that genera in this group, as traditionally defined, are not monophyletic and that changes are required to accommodate the discovery that taxa with disparate thallus morphologies are often closely related. Here we use phylogenetic inferences of mtSSU sequence data to show that seven species (Acarospora dispersa, A. rhizobola, A. terricola, Melanophloea americana, M. coreana, M. montana and Thelocarpella gordensis), currently placed in four genera and three families, and with divergent thallus morphologies, all belong to a single strongly supported clade within the Acarosporaceae. Members of the clade all have apothecia with an incurving parathecium which forms globose apothecia in which the apothecial disc is less than or equal to half the width of the equatorial diameter of the hymenium, and long bacilliform conidia. We transfer the species to Trimmatothelopsis, the oldest generic epithet available for the group and provide a taxonomic treatment that includes analysis of the published literature pertaining to these taxa, a key to species and descriptions of the four taxa that occur in North America. Rhizohyphal bundles are reported from two terricolous species, T. terricola and T. rhizobola.
... 1 -it belongs to the genus Myriospora: a) either to the same species as Myriospora rhagadiza (Nyl.) K. Knudsen et Arcadia (syn. A. scyphulifera Vain.) : Roux and Navarro-Rosinés (2002, as Aca rospora versipellis;2011, as Trimmatothelopsis versipellis);b) or to a species related to Myriospora rhagadiza : Roux 2007 (as Acarospora versipellis), Arcadia and Knudsen (2011, as The morphological and anatomical study by Roux and Navarro-Rosinés (2011) showed that only interpretations 1a and 1b were likely, but conclusions from this work remained uncertain as they were not based on DNA -except for the very old and rather small holotype, no other specimens of Trimmatothelopsis ver sipellis were available. The discovery by one of us (J.-Y. ...
Trimmatothelopsis versipellis : discovery of several localities in the department of Finistère (France), phylogenetic placement and taxonomic consequences.— The discovery of several new localities of Trimmatothelopsis versipellis in the department of Finistère in 2013 allowed us to better describe this species, to understand its ecology and to analyze its DNA. A phylogenetic analysis including this species and 30 other Acarosporaceae shows that T. versipellis clearly belongs to this family, but is not related to Polysporina subfuscescens (which is heterogeneous) nor to the genus Myriospora. It belongs to the same clade than two morphologically and anatomically very distinct species, Thelocarpella gordensis and Acarospora rhizobola. As a result, the genus Trimmatothelopsis is maintained (with a single species, T. versipellis), as well as the genus Thelocarpella (also monospecific), whereas Acarospora rhizobola, which has to be excluded from Acarospora, most probably belongs to a new genus. T. versipellis is also compared with three species of Melanophloea for which the taxonomic placement is still debated.
The nomenclature and taxonomy of Acarospora molybdina is revised using morphological and molecular data. The new combination Myriospora molybdina is proposed and Acarospora hysgina is recognized as a distinct species while A. brunneola is reduced to synonymy with A. hysgina . In its new circumscription M. molybdina is an arctic species, in Scandinavia only occurring in northernmost Norway. Further localities are reported from Greenland, Russia, Svalbard and the USA (Alaska). Acarospora hysgina is the correct name for a species distributed along the west coast of Sweden and Norway, formerly thought to belong to A. molybdina . Localities are also reported from Canada (New Brunswick), Greenland and the USA (Maine). The following names are lectotypified: Acarospora brunneola , A. molybdina var. confusa , Lecanora ereutica β microcyclos , Parmelia ereutica , P . hysgina and P . molybdina .
Ninety years after Zahlbruckner, we present the most recent update to the classification of lichen fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota to genus level, with species numbers and references to changes compared to the 2010 Outline of Ascomycota and other recent classifications. Updated statistics on global species richness of lichen fungi and species richness at family, order and class level are given. The number of accepted species is 19,387 in 995 genera, 115 families, 39 orders and eight classes. Lichenized Basidiomycota amount to 172 species (0.9% of the total), 15 genera (1.5%), five families (4.3%), five orders (12.8%) and one class (12.5%). The most speciose genera are Xanthoparmelia, Lecanora, Arthonia, Cladonia, Pertusaria, Ocellularia, Graphis, Caloplaca, Usnea and Buellia. The average number of species per genus is 19.5 and 256 genera are monospecific. Using newly defined categories, two genera (Xanthoparmelia, Lecanora) are ultradiverse (more than 500 species), 17 hyperdiverse (201–500 species) and 12 megadiverse (101–200). The largest family is Parmeliaceae, with 2,765 species and 77 genera, followed by Graphidaceae (2,161; 79), Verrucariaceae (943; 43), Ramalinaceae (916; 43) and Lecanoraceae (791; 25). The largest order is Lecanorales, with 6,231 species and 234 genera, followed by Ostropales (3,261; 138), Arthoniales (1,541, 103), Peltigerales (1,301; 67) and Caliciales (1,276; 55). The largest class is Lecanoromycetes, with 15,131 species and 701 genera, followed by Arthoniomycetes (1,541; 103), Eurotiomycetes (1,203; 63), Dothideomycetes (812; 39) and Lichinomycetes (390; 50). A total of 751 out of 995 genera (75%) have molecular data. Fifty-nine genera remain in unresolved positions at the family, order or class level. The phylogenetic position of the 39 orders containing lichenized fungi suggests 20–30 independent lichenization events during the evolution of higher Fungi, 14–23 in the Ascomycota and 6–7 in the Basidiomycota. The following names are validated: Candelariomycetidae Miądl. et al. ex Timdal & M.Westb. subcl. nov., Cystocoleaceae Locq. ex Lücking, B.P.Hodk. & S.D.Leav. fam. nov, Letrouitineae Gaya & Lutzoni subordo nov., Rhizocarpales Miądl. & Lutzoni ordo nov. and Teloschistineae Gaya & Lutzoni subordo nov. Lectotypes are designated for Clathroporinopsis M.Choisy and Protoschistes M.Choisy, making both synonyms of Gyalecta Ach., and Stromatothelium Trevis., making it a synonym of Pyrenula Ach. Members of Cyphobasidiales, which are here interpreted as hyperlichenized fungi, as well as fossil lichen fungi, are added in additional classifications in two appendices.
Three lichenicolous species of Polysporina are recognized: Polysporina arenacea, P. pusilla, and P. subfuscescens. Polysporina lapponica is found to be a misapplied name to P. subfuscescens. The new combinations P. arenacea, P. subfuscescens, and Sarcogyne lapponica are made. Sarcogyne lapponica is reported from Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. A neotype is selected for Sarcogyne dubia. Polysporina pusilla is reported new for Asia (Iran, Turkey) and North America (western North America). Introduction Polysporina (Acarosporaceae) is a small and common crustose genus occurring on acid and calcareous rock. As currently circumscribed, the genus contains 12 valid binominals (MycoBank 2008). The type species for the genus is Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vězda. Polysporina occurs in both the northern and southern hemispheres (Knudsen 2008a). The most recently described species was Polysporina frigida Kantvilas & Seppelt (Kantvilas & Seppelt 2006). The main characters of Polysporina are a non-amyloid tholus (Acarospora-type ascus), polyspory (50–200 ascospores per ascus), a non-thalline margin, a carbonized exciple, and the build-up of carbonized accretions on the surface of the apothecial disc (Vězda 1978, Golubkova 1988, Kantvilas 1998, Knudsen 2008a). Vězda (1978) used the character of branching and anastomosing paraphyses in P. simplex to segregate the genus Polysporina from Sarcogyne. Based on our observations, branching and anastomosing paraphyses may be frequent or infrequent in the same species. Branching of paraphyses can be observed in many Sarcogyne species and some Acarospora species, particularly in A. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. The width of the apices of paraphyses also varied in our observations.
1 ABSTRACT. - The current state of Acarospora studies is discussed. Acarospora hassei Herre and Acarospora particularis H. Magnusson are placed in synonymy with Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii (Harmand in A.L. Smith) H. Magnusson. A lectotype is selected for A. hassei Herre.
The new species, Polysponna terricola Kantvilas from south-eastern Tasmania, is described and compared to other species in the genus. It is well characterized by a range of morphological, anatomical and ecological characters, especially by the presence of oil paraphyses and oil droplets in the hymenium, features unknown in other members of the genus. Species of Polysporina are best separated by the following characters: size and morphology of the apothecia, size of ascospores, thickness of paraphyses and height of the hymenium. The combinations P. ferniginea (Lettau) M. Steiner and P. pusilla (Anzi) M. Steiner are validated. A key to the taxa studied is provided.
The new genus Silobia M. Westb. & Wedin is proposed for the Acarospora smaragdula group, which is taxonomically and nomenclaturally revised in Sweden. The proposed taxonomy results from our former molecular phylogeny, together with morphological and anatomical investigations and analysis of secondary metabolites. Seven species are recognized in Sweden in this paper: Silobia dilatata sp. nov., S. myochroa sp. nov., S. rhagadiza comb. nov., S. rufescens comb. nov., S. scabrida comb. nov., S. smaragdula comb. nov. and S. tangerina sp. nov. Acarospora alberti, A. amphibola, A. isortoquensis, A. murina and A. undata are recognized as synonyms of S. smaragdula, Acarospora verruciformis as a synonym of S. scabrida and A. scyphulifera as a synonym of S. rhagadiza. The following names are lectotypified: Acarospora amphibola, A. amphibola f. testacea, A. lesdainii, A. lesdainii var. subochracea, A. murina, A. scyphulifera f. subdiscreta, Endocarpon smaragdulum, Lecanora rhagadiza and Sagedia rufescens. Acarospora scyphulifera is neotypified. Acarospora fusca is excluded from the Swedish checklist as the specimen was found to belong to S. rufescens. A key to the species is presented.
Abstract Es werden 28 Arten von lichenisierten Fungi (Flechten) mit kritischen taxonomischen Hinweisen oder Ergänzungen zu den in der
Literatur vorhandenen Beschreibungen, oft mit chorologischen Bemerkungen und Angaben über die ökologischen Verhältnisse ihrer
Standorte angeführt, von denen die nachgenannten Arten und Namenskombinationen neu sind:Verrucaria scabra
Vězda sp. n.,Geisleria xylophila
Vězda sp. n.,Toninia steineri
Poelt etVězda sp. n.,Pachyascus byssaceus
(Vězda) Vězda comb. n. undMicarea gomphillacea
(Nyl.) Vězda comb. n.
The crustose lichenized fungi in the Acarosporaceae are splendid examples of organisms managing to survive in extremely harsh environments, such as highly mineralized rocks and low‐pH habitats. Some representatives of the Acarospora smaragdula complex are known to accumulate substantial amounts of potentially toxic metals including iron and copper, resulting in populations with highly divergent coloration and morphology. These populations have often been treated as distinct species by lichen taxonomists. Parsimony and parsimony jackknifing analyses of β‐tubulin, nuclear ITS rDNA, and mtSSU rDNA sequence data sets was used to investigate the evolution of iron and copper accumulation and the production of the secondary compound norstictic acid in populations within the A. smaragdula species complex in Sweden, with additional samples mainly from Norway and the UK. Phylogenetic species recognition (concordance of single‐gene phylogenies) was used to investigate species delimitations. Seven species are recognized in the complex. Atypically green, copper‐accumulating samples, often given species rank, do not form a distinct group but are nested within A. smaragdula s. str., indicating that this ability is widespread in this species. Rust‐coloured, iron‐accumulating samples form two well supported separate groups, indicating that two morphologically distinct, obligate, iron‐accumulating species are present, but facultatively iron‐accumulating populations occur in at least one additional species. Norstictic acid, sometimes claimed to characterize the whole A. smaragdula complex, is only present in A. smaragdula s. str. The evolutionary significance of metal accumulation in Acarospora is discussed, as is the significance of our results for the application of phylogenetic species recognition/gene tree concordance‐based species recognition, and DNA barcoding.
© The Willi Hennig Society 2009.
The molecular phylogeny of Acarosporaceae with a focus on the recently proposed genus Polysporinopsis was investigated using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses, using nuITS-LSU and mtSSU rDNA sequence datasets. A well-supported monophyletic clade corresponding to Acarospora (including the type species A. schleicheri, A. fuscata, A. nitrophila, A. rugulosa, A. bullata, A. sinopica, A molybdina and A. peliscypha) was present in all analyses. Acarospora as currently delimited is not monophyletic; neither A. smaragdula nor A. badiofusca belongs to the genus in the restricted sense. Polysporinopsis, which comprises three species previously classified in Acarospora (P. sinopica-type species, P. smaragdula, and P. rugulosa) is not a monophyletic group separate from Acarospora s. str. Acarospora sinopica and A. smaragdula are not closely related; A. sinopica belongs to Acarospora s. str., but A. smaragdula is one of the most basal taxa currently known in Acarosporaceae.