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A phylogenetic study of Trechispora thelephora
Abstract and Figures
Molecular data support the recent transfer of Hydnodon thelephorus to the genus Trechispora. These data also provide preliminary evidence that the pileate-stipitate basidiome morphology of Trechispora thelephora is ancestral to the resupinate morphology typical of the genus Trechispora. A photo, description, and line drawings of Trechispora thelephora are provided.
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... T. nivea differs from T. fimbriata by the white to light ochraceous hymenial surface (Persoon, 1794). T. echinospora differs from T. fissurata by the farinaceous to grandinioid hymenophore and larger, globose basidiospores (3.3-4 × 2.8-3.5 µm; Phookamsak et al., 2019) and T. thelephora differs in its pileate to stipitate with light yellow brown surface and larger (4-5 × 3.4-4.5 µm;Albee-Scott and Kropp, 2010). ...
Wood-inhabiting fungi play a significant role in wood degradation and the cycle of matter in the ecological system. In the present study, three new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Trechispora bambusicola, Trechispora fimbriata, and Trechispora fissurata spp. nov., are nested in Trechispora, which are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (nLSU) regions of the studied samples were generated, and the phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS showed that T. bambusicola was sister to Trechispora stevensonii, T. fimbriata grouped with Trechispora nivea, and T. fissurata grouped with Trechispora echinospora. The phylogenetic tree based on ITS + nLSU sequences demonstrated that T. bambusicola formed a single lineage and then grouped with Trechispora rigida and T. stevensonii. T. fimbriata was sister to T. nivea. T. fissurata grouped with Trechispora thelephora.
... Albee-Scott and Kropp (2010) T. thelephora Trechispora clade is recovered with good support (1/100) and the sequences generated in this study were placed in six inner clades of Trechispora, representing three new species and three new combinations, besides species yet to be properly identified. All these species have clavarioid basidiomata and do not present close relationship among each other or with other clavarioid taxa in the Trechispora clade ( Fig. 1). ...
Three new species of Trechispora from Brazil, T. copiosa, T. gelatinosa, and T. termitophila, are described and illustrated. The new species are microscopically similar to the known Trechispora species, but differ by having coralloid basidiomata and would traditionally have been placed in Scytinopogon. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and nuc 28S rDNA (28S) regions place the new species and other publicly available sequences identified as Scytinopogon firmly within a strongly supported Trechispora clade that also includes the type species of Trechispora. Scytinopogon is synonymized with Trechispora and the new combinations T. chartacea, T. havencampii, T. minispora, T. pallescens, and T. papillosa are proposed.
... In South America, the diversity of the EcM associated with native plant of the Atlantic Forest remains unknown. Recent collections in these forests have often included Trechispora basidiomes, especially the widely distributed Trechispora thelephora (Albee-Scott and Kropp 2010). This species is frequently found on sandy soils, where other EcM species also grow. ...
Trechispora (Hydnodontaceae) is considered as a soil-inhabiting fungus. However, some species in the genus are frequently forming basidiomes on soil, a typical feature of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Ectomycorrhizal basidiomes are found in neotropical and subtropical region, but taxonomical information and DNA sequences of root fungi and basidiomes from native Atlantic Rainforest are poorly reported. Basidiomes and soil samples including roots, humus layer, and mineral soil were collected in the Atlantic Rainforest, in Florianópolis (South of Brazil). Sequences of the ITS region were obtained from all sample types and subjected to phylogenetic reconstruction. Two sequences amplified from apparently ectomycorrhizal roots belonged to Trechispora and suggested a root-associated ecology, at least biotrophic and possibly ectomycorrhizal. The analysis of isotope abundance in the same Brazilian site and in French Guiana showed that Trechispora thelephora has high ¹⁵N abundance and is often intermediate between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic species in ¹³C abundance. This is congruent with a plant biotrophic ecology, perhaps ectomycorrhizal. Future investigations in subtropical regions are needed to determine whether such a mode of nutrition is widespread among Trechispora.
Collections from field expeditions to the Atlantic Forest and to Amazonia in Brazil and revision of herbarium material revealed the presence of Trechispora specimens that could not be assigned to any described species. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and nuc 28S rDNA (28S) regions confirmed that these specimens belong to two new species, here described as Trechispora mollis and Trechispora torrendii. Trechispora mollis has a densely hydnoid hymenophore and is most similar to T. nivea, but differs from it by the presence of inflated cells in the subiculum. Trechispora torrendii has a minutely grandinioid hymenophore similar to T. farinacea, but these two species are genetically well separated. The new combinations T. brasiliensis and T. mellina are proposed, and new records from Brazilian regions and biomes are reported. Descriptions, illustrations, a key to Brazilian species of Trechispora, the first sequence of T. rigida, and a phylogeny for the genus are presented.
Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and
molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in
the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The
new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from
Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entoloma canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum
from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera,
Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma kenanii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from
Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda
africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from Pakistan;
Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae) from Pakistan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and
M. subnudus from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera,
Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations are: Appendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including
isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex of
multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support
for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.
Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and three new combinations. The new genus is: Pseudozeugandromyces (Laboulbeniomycetes, Laboulbeniales). The new species are: Albatrellopsis flettioides from Pakistan, Aureoboletus garciae from Mexico, Entoloma canadense from Canada, E. frigidum from Sweden, E. porphyroleucum from Vietnam, Erythrophylloporus flammans from Vietnam, Marasmiellus boreoorientalis from Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, Marasmiellus longistipes from Pakistan, Pseudozeugandromyces tachypori on Tachyporus pusillus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from Belgium, Robillarda sohagensis from Egypt, Trechispora hondurensis from Honduras, and Tricholoma kenanii from Turkey. The new records are: Arthrorhynchus eucampsipodae on Eucampsipoda africanum (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Rwanda and South Africa, and on Nycteribia vexata (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria; A. nycteribiae on Eucampsipoda africanum from South Africa, on Penicillidia conspicua (Diptera, Nycteribiidae) from Bulgaria (the first undoubtful country record), and on Penicillidia pachymela from Tanzania; Calvatia lilacina from Pakistan; Entoloma shangdongense from Pakistan; Erysiphe quercicola on Ziziphus jujuba (Rosales, Rhamnaceae) and E. urticae on Urtica dioica (Rosales, Urticaceae) from Pakistan; Fanniomyces ceratophorus on Fannia canicularis (Diptera, Faniidae) from the Netherlands; Marasmiellus biformis and M. subnudus from Pakistan; Morchella anatolica from Turkey; Ophiocordyceps ditmarii on Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from Austria; and Parvacoccum pini on Pinus cembra (Pinales, Pinaceae) from Austria. The new combinations are: Appendiculina gregaria, A. scaptomyzae, and Marasmiellus rodhallii. Analysis of an LSU dataset of Arthrorhynchus including isolates of A. eucampsipodae from Eucampsipoda africanum and Nycteribia spp. hosts, revealed that this taxon is a complex of multiple species segregated by host genus. Analysis of an SSU–LSU dataset of Laboulbeniomycetes sequences revealed support for the recognition of four monophyletic genera within Stigmatomyces sensu lato: Appendiculina, Fanniomyces, Gloeandromyces, and Stigmatomyces sensu stricto. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of Rhytismataceae based on ITS–LSU ribosomal DNA resulted in a close relationship of Parvacoccum pini with Coccomyces strobi.
A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Trechispora yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The species is characterized by resupinate basidiomata, rigid and fragile up on drying, cream to pale greyish hymenial surface; a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, IKI-, CB-; ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, ornamented, IKI-, CB- basidiospores measuring as 7–8.5 × 5–5.5 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and bayesian inference methods (BPP). The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that T. yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to T. byssinella and T. laevis. Both morphological characteristics and results of molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of the new species in Trechispora.
We present an annotated list of 14 species of polyporoid, corticioid and stereoid fungi collected in Dominican Republic belonging to the families Aporpiaceae (Aporpium dimidiatum), Auriscalpiaceae (Auriscalpium villipes), Ganodermataceae (Amauroderma schomburgkii), Hydnodontaceae (Trechispora thelephora), Hymenochaetaceae (Coltricia cinnamomea, Fuscoporia callimorpha, Hymenochaete damicornis, Phylloporia frutica), Meruliaceae (Coralloderma guzmanii, Podoscypha venustula), Mycenaceae (Dictyopanus pusillus, Favolaschia cinnabarina, Filoboletus gracilis), Schizoporaceae (Xylodon crustosus) and Stereaceae (Gloiothele turpis). Some descriptions or comments and illustrations are provided.
Hydnodon thelephorus is redescribed based on specimens from Belize, Dominican Republic, and Mexico. New data on macro and micromorphology as well as on spore ornamentation under SEM is provided. Its systematic affinities are discussed and its overall distribution is reviewed.
No abstract available.
CLUSTAL X is a new windows interface for the widely-used progressive multiple sequence alignment program CLUSTAL W. The new
system is easy to use, providing an integrated system for performing multiple sequence and profile alignments and analysing
the results. CLUSTAL X displays the sequence alignment in a window on the screen. A versatile sequence colouring scheme allows
the user to highlight conserved features in the alignment. Pull-down menus provide all the options required for traditional
multiple sequence and profile alignment. New features include: the ability to cut-and-paste sequences to change the order
of the alignment, selection of a subset of the sequences to be realigned, and selection of a sub-range of the alignment to
be realigned and inserted back into the original alignment. Alignment quality analysis can be performed and low-scoring segments
or exceptional residues can be highlighted. Quality analysis and realignment of selected residue ranges provide the user with
a powerful tool to improve and refine difficult alignments and to trap errors in input sequences. CLUSTAL X has been compiled
on SUN Solaris, IRIX5.3 on Silicon Graphics, Digital UNIX on DECstations, Microsoft Windows (32 bit) for PCs, Linux ELF for
x86 PCs, and Macintosh PowerMac.
Phylogenetic relationships of mushrooms and their relatives within the order Agaricales were addressed by using nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Approximately 900 bases of the 5' end of the nucleus-encoded large subunit RNA gene were sequenced for 154 selected taxa representing most families within the Agaricales. Several phylogenetic methods were used, including weighted and equally weighted parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and distance methods (NJ). The starting tree for branch swapping in the ML analyses was the tree with the highest ML score among previously produced MP and NJ trees. A high degree of consensus was observed between phylogenetic estimates obtained through MP and ML. NJ trees differed according to the distance model that was used; however, all NJ trees still supported most of the same terminal groupings as the MP and ML trees did. NJ trees were always significantly suboptimal when evaluated against the best MP and ML trees, by both parsimony and likelihood tests. Our analyses suggest that weighted MP and ML provide the best estimates of Agaricales phylogeny. Similar support was observed between bootstrapping and jackknifing methods for evaluation of tree robustness. Phylogenetic analyses revealed many groups of agaricoid fungi that are supported by moderate to high bootstrap or jackknife values or are consistent with morphology-based classification schemes. Analyses also support separate placement of the boletes and russules, which are basal to the main core group of gilled mushrooms (the Agaricineae of Singer). Examples of monophyletic groups include the families Amanitaceae, Coprinaceae (excluding Coprinus comatus and subfamily Panaeolideae), Agaricaceae (excluding the Cystodermateae), and Strophariaceae pro parte (Stropharia, Pholiota, and Hypholoma); the mycorrhizal species of Tricholoma (including Leucopaxillus, also mycorrhizal); Mycena and Resinomycena; Termitomyces, Podabrella, and Lyophyllum; and Pleurotus with Hohenbuehelia. Several groups revealed by these data to be nonmonophyletic include the families Tricholomataceae, Cortinariaceae, and Hygrophoraceae and the genera Clitocybe, Omphalina, and Marasmius. This study provides a framework for future systematics studies in the Agaricales and suggestions for analyzing large molecular data sets.
Twenty-one species of Trechispora are described and illustrated, and a key to the species is included. Six species are transferred to Trechispora: Corticium albo-ochraceum Bres., Cristella bispora Warcup & Talbot, Cristella gillesii Maas G., Polyporus molluscus (Pers.) ex Fr., Poria regularis Murr., and Corticium subsphaerosporum Litsch. One species is transferred to Cristinia: Corticium filium Bres. Fifteen names are reduced to synonymy and seven taxa formerly residing in either Cristella or Trechispora are excluded.
DNA sequence evolution through nucleotide substitution may be assimilated to a stationary Markov process. The fundamental equations of the general model, with 12 independent substitution parameters, are used to obtain a formula which corrects the effect of multiple and parallel substitutions on the measure of evolutionary divergence between two homologous sequences. We show that only reversible models, with six independent parameters, allow the calculation of the substitution rates. Simulation experiments on DNA sequence evolution through nucleotide substitution call into question the effectiveness of the general model (and of any other more detailed description); nevertheless, the general model results are slightly superior to any of its particular cases.