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Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
... rule of thumb for good fit (Hu & Bentler, 1999), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was well above the .05 cutoff (Browne & Cudeck, 1993). ...
... Next, the three-factor SA model described by Saetrevik was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The global fit indices suggested adequate fit for the model; as shown in Table 3, the CFI and TLI are within acceptable ranges, but the RMSEA was above the recommended cutoff (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Browne & Cudeck, 1993). Although the model demonstrated adequate fit, a warning message suggested a linear dependency among two of the latent factors. ...
... The fit of this model was adequate. As before the RMSEA was above the traditionally recommended value, but the CFI and TLI results indicated good fit (Hu & Bentler, 1999;Browne & Cudeck, 1993). Most importantly, however, this collapsing of dimensions resolved the linear dependency among the factors. ...
In aviation safety incident reports, lack of situation awareness (SA) is often attributed as the cause of negative safety outcomes, such as accidents. While the predominant model of SA has identified three components of SA, perception, comprehension, and projection, assumptions of their relationships with each other and external criteria are yet tested empirically. Specifically, SA theory suggests comprehension SA fully mediates the relationship between perception and projection SA. Additionally, research on the relationships between individual differences and SA is lacking. The purpose of the current study is to test a comprehensive model of SA which simultaneously examines the described mediation, relationships with individual differences antecedents of SA, and its utility as a predictor of safety using structural equation modeling (SEM). A sample of 349 employees from a diverse background of occupational areas were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to test the model. While self-report measurement of SA was an excellent predictor of safety, the current study did not find empirical support for the presumed mediation among the SA components, and found the relationships between individual differences and SA which contradict extant SA theory. The results suggest differentiating between typical versus maximal SA. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
... Some authors have suggested RMSEA values less than .05 indicate close fit (Steiger, 1990;Browne and Cudeck, 1993), whereas values between .05 and .08 represent fair fit, and values .10 ...
... represent fair fit, and values .10 represent poor fit (Browne and Cudeck, 1993). MacCallum et al. (1996) recommended RMSEA values of .01 ...
... as acceptable and .05 as good fit are shown in the ROC curve analyses plots which follow (Steiger, 1990;Browne and Cudeck, 1993). Starting with the results for the 6 common score ...
The circumplex offers a useful paradigm for simultaneously modeling relationships between latent variables and visually representing an individual’s profile. Previous research has demonstrated the Circular Stochastic Process Model (CSPM) can establish the presence of the circumplex in sample data using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), allowing researchers to test the circumplex with familiar global fit indices such as the Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Unbiased Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual (SRMRu). However, it is not yet clear if these fit indices are sensitive to detect circumplexes under a variety of conditions. The current Monte Carlo simulation study evaluates how the number of common scores, sample size, and position of the common scores on the circumplex affects the sensitivity of these global fit indices to detect and accept circumplexes and reject non-circumplexes. In general, the results suggest the CFI, TLI, and RMSEA are too likely to erroneously accept non-circumplexes, while the SRMR accurately distinguished between circumplexes and non-circumplexes. Researchers are advised to plot common score theta locations, cosine factor loadings, sine factor loadings, β0 values, and β1 values carefully before accepting the circumplex. Thresholds for global fit indices when evaluating the CSPM are also provided. Supplemental code, figures, and tables are available at thur.st/circum-diss.
... As seen in Table 1, the factor loadings for each item were above .5 (Bagozzi & Yi 1988 (Bentler & Bonnet, 1980;Browne & Cudeck, 1993). ...
... The criteria of CFI and TLI above .92 and RMSEA below .08 were met, as required (Bentler & Bonnet, 1980;Browne & Cudeck, 1993). The AVE values also met the criterion of .50. ...
... suggested by Bentler and Bonett (1980), RM SEA ≤ .10 suggested by Browne and Cudeck (1993), and SRM R ≤ .05 suggested by Byrne (1998;see Schermelleh-Engel, Moosbrugger, and Müller, 2003 for additional recommendations on the use of fit index cut-offs). ...
... Bentler & Bonett, 1980) and the RMSEA (i.e., RM SEA ≤ .10, Browne & Cudeck, 1993) and a stricter cut-off for the SRMR (i.e., SRM R ≤ .05, Byrne, 1998). ...
Latent measurement models pose the challenge of specifying the correct number of latent factors. Researchers may underestimate data complexity, neglecting factors in confirmatory factor analysis, typically evaluated using indices like the CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR. Little is known about these indices' behavior in the case of underfactoring misspecifications and their interaction with nuisance parameters. Therefore, our extensive simulation study examined the sensitivity of the CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR to underfactoring based on up to 428,433 datasets with sample sizes from 150 to 1,350 covering 72 different configurations of multi-factorial model conditions. To summarize, results showed that underfactoring affected all three fit indices, with the effect diminishing as the number of latent variables increased. Additionally, a decreasing mean loading size reduced the impact of underfactoring on RMSEA and SRMR. Consequently, common cutoffs , such as those by Hu and Bentler (1999), often led to false positive results, particularly with RMSEA and SRMR.
... Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25 and AMOS ver-sion 25. We used the criterion values of CFI>.90 and RMSEA<.08 for the goodness-of-fit index, referencing Bentler and Bonett [31] and Browne and Cudeck [32] . The factor structure of each scale is as follows: ...
... The fourth issue concerns the value of the model-fit criterion. Bentler and Bonett [31] and Browne and Cudeck [32] were used as references in this study. However, other studies have established higher standard values, which is a limitation of this study. ...
Although proactive behavior, characterized by individuals’ active and proactive work on themselves and their environment to adapt to an organization, is noted to improve their working ability and self-understanding in the workplace, the process has not been studied. This study examines the effect of young workers’ proactive behavior on improving their competence at work, focusing on the mediating effect of reflection. A quantitative survey was conducted on 942 employees working in Japanese companies, all in their 20s. The participants had a mean age of 26.6 years, with 46.0% being women. Factor analysis demonstrated that proactive behavior comprised feedback-seeking, organizational information-seeking, and networking behavior, and their impact on ability improvement was examined through reflection. The path analysis showed that the feedback-seeking and organizational information-seeking behaviors of young workers positively influenced the improvement of competence in the workplace through the mediating effect of reflection. Based on the results, the significance of this study and future issues are discussed.
... It is common to see 0.9 or higher as an adequate result (Bentler, 1990;Hinkin, 1998). The second was the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (Browne and Cudeck, 1993). This index indicates the scope of the error in the measurement and indicates the proportion of unexplained variation that remains. ...
... This index indicates the scope of the error in the measurement and indicates the proportion of unexplained variation that remains. A result of 0.08 or less for the RMSEA is considered satisfactory (Browne and Cudeck, 1993). ...
The study focuses on quality of work life (QWL), Islamic work ethics (IWE), and cultural values among employees in a complex organization, with a case study of Arab high-school teachers in the education system in Israel. The sample consisted of 1245 employees. To establish a reliable model of QWL, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were utilized, resulting in six dimensions. A reliable model of IWE was also established, consisting of two dimensions. Employees reported average QWL levels, high IWE levels, low power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, and a tendency toward collectivism and femininity. This study demonstrates a positive relationship between QWL dimensions and IWE, with certain cultural values-such as collectivism and uncertainty avoidance-moderating this relationship.
... Two key indicators were considered: factor loading and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), determined using the weighted least squares method and variance-adjusted method. Following the guideline established by Browne and Cudeck [24], the fit of the model is considered close, fair, acceptable, mediocre, or poor if the RMSEA value falls below 0.05, between 0.06 and 0.08, between 0.09 and 0.10, or above 0.10, respectively. Items with factor loadings below 0.4 were omi ed as such loadings could lead to misinterpretations [25]. ...
: The current research utilized diagnostic classification models (DCMs), an advanced psychometric theory, to evaluate the examination’s quality using psychometric methods for a more precise and comprehensive understanding of health professionals’ competence. Data was gathered from 16,310 fourth-year Traditional Chinese Medicine undergraduates who completed the Standardized Competence Test for Traditional Chinese Medicine Undergraduates (SCTTCMU) comprising 300 multiple-choice items. The study examined the fundamental assumptions, model-data fit, and cognitive diagnostic theory models’ item and test properties. The generalized deterministic input, noisy, “and” gate model applied in this research demonstrated a strong alignment with the real response data, meeting all the necessary assumptions. Cognitive diagnostic analysis indicated that all items exhibited satisfactory psychometric characteristics, and the reported scores offered insights into candidates’ proficiency in cognitive skills. It is expected that the advent of modern psychometric technology will contribute to the improvement of refined diagnostic information for health professional candidates. Furthermore, this research holds the potential to significantly enhance sustainability in healthcare practices, knowledge, economics, resource use, and community resilience.
... The criterion for acceptance is different across researchers. In the present study, values for χ 2 /df should be less than 3 (Ullman, 2001), TLI and CFI were over 0.90, and RMSEA and SRMR were equal to or less than 0.08 (Browne & Cudeck, 1993) (Table 6). ...
Recognizing the importance of students’ attitudes in enhancing their educational achievements, this study aimed to examine the roles of spiritual motivation, religiosity, and L2 WTC (Willingness to Communicate) in students’ English language achievements. The study aimed to create a scale to assess students’ spiritual motivation. Additionally, it scrutinized the relationship between spiritual motivation, religiosity, and L2 WTC. The data was collected from 194 students (97 males; 97 females) coming from both social and non-social sciences who completed three questionnaires: spiritual motivation, religiosity, and L2 WTC scales. Descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), and AMOS (Analysis of a Moment Structure). The analysis confirmed that both spiritual motivation and religiosity scales have reliable psychometric properties. SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) also revealed that spiritual motivation and religiosity are positively associated with L2 WTC. However, neither of the dependent variables emerged as predictors of English language acquisition. Notably, when mediated by spiritual motivation, SEM revealed that religiosity can predict L2 WTC. The study concludes with a discussion of the results and implications for research.
... Adjusted Goodness of Fit (AGFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Normal Fit Index (NFI) become Incremental fit measurements where each meets the critical limit ..90. x 2 /df is a Parsimonious fit measure that meets critical limits \3. Critical limit standards refer to previous studies (Bollen, 1989;Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1999;Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984;Marsh & Hocevar, 1985), indicating that the study measurement instrument and model are valid. The activity of political expression in this study can be seen in Table 3. ...
Plain Language Summary
Purpose:To evaluate the role of social identity, personal identity, source credibility, and word of mouth in political expression through YouTube. Methods: The sampling used the survey method of distributing study questionnaires through social media networks, with 435 samples. Completed with 10 selected samples are given in-depth interviews. The study used a model integrating social identity and source credibility theory that links social identity, personal identity, source credibility, word of mouth, and political expression. Testing of measurement and structural models using AMOS software 24 showed significant results supporting the study hypothesis. Conclusions: There are psychological aspects and the role of media and content on political expression through YouTube among young people in Jakarta. Personal identity and word of mouth positively affect political expression on YouTube regarding the “presidential term” issue. Word of mouth did not mediate the variables, acting as a significant predictor that directly influenced political expression. Implications: Measuring source credibility by adding attitude aspects to messages is expected to anticipate the findings. This finding can be recommended for parties aiming to use YouTube to create or increase political expression on the issue among young people. Limitations: The sample in this study is Indonesian YouTube users residing in Jakarta. Further study is recommended to expand the geographical area of YouTube users to describe a more comprehensive socio-cultural background.
... The Japanese Journal of Psychology J-STAGE Advanced published date: June 20, 2024 食物渇望(food craving)は，特定の食べ物や特定 の種類の食べ物を食べたいという，我慢できないくら い強い欲求と定義される (Weingarten & Elston, 1990) 。欧米を中心に，最も頻繁に渇望される食品は チョコレートであることが多くの研究により明らかに されている (Hill & Heaton-Brown, 1994;Rogers & Smit, 2000;Rozin et al., 1991) 。日本人においては，最も渇 望されている食物がごはんであることが明らかになっ ているが，チョコレートも第 2 位に渇望されている (Komatsu, 2008; 小松他，2009) 。 チョコレートは摂取による抗酸化作用や抗血栓作 用，快感情の喚起など，生理的，心理的な利点が報告 さ れ て い る (Macht & Dettmer, 2006;Serafini et al., 2003) 。その一方で，チョコレートを摂取することで 罪悪感が増加することも報告されている (Macdiarmid & Hetherington, 1995;Macht & Dettmer, 2006) 。また， チョコレートとむちゃ食いの関連についても指摘され ている (Wolz et al., 2017) 。更に，チョコレート渇望 者は，そうでない人々と比較して，異常な食行動を示 すことも知られている (Tuomisto et al., 1999 (Potgieter et al., 1999;Tiffany & Drobes, 1991) 。食物と薬物に対 する渇望が同様の機序を伴うことも示唆されており (Cooper, 1989;Koban et al., 2023 (Bentler, 1990;Hu & Bentler, 1999) ，SRMR (Raykov, 1998) ，RMSEA (Browne & Cudeck, 1993 (Macht & Dettmer, 2006;Serafini et al., 2003) ，心理・行動面でのリス クが存在する (Macdiarmid & Hetherington, 1995;Macht & Dettmer, 2006;Tuomisto et al., 1999;Wolz et al., 2017 ...
In Western food culture, chocolate is the most frequently craved food. Given the risks associated with excessive consumption, an appropriate assessment scale for chocolate craving is needed, but a Japanese translation of the Attitudes to Chocolate Questionnaire (ACQ) does not yet exist. We developed a Japanese version of the ACQ and examined its validity and reliability. An online survey of 630 adults (272 men and 358 women, mean age 38.94 years) was administered. Further, an additional survey of 88 adults (47 men and 41 women) was conducted to assess the test-retest reliability. The results reveal that the Japanese version of the ACQ has a two-factor structure, as indicated by previous studies, and high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. These results suggest that the Japanese version of the ACQ has the same characteristics as the original, German, and Dutch versions, and is a valid and reliable scale to assess chocolate craving.
... A RMSEA of 0.056 was found to be accurate, which is lower than the threshold of 0.08. [17]. All of the alternative fit indices (GFI, IFI, CFI, and TLI) also scored 0.9 or better, as expected [10]. ...
This quantitative study attempts to examine how circular economy practices influence the sustainable performance of the textile and apparel industry in Bangladesh. We also investigate the influence of corporate environmental ethics on circular economy implementation and green self-efficacy as a moderator on the relationship between corporate environmental ethics and circular economy practices. To carry out the objectives, the study offered a research framework according to the social cognitive theory and Resource-based view theory. For the empirical test, an online cross-sectional survey was administered among 300 owners or managers from Bangladeshi textile and apparel companies. The collected data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modelling approach applying the AMOS software version 21. The study revealed that all the circular economy practices such as internal environment management, eco-design, and investment recovery significantly affect the entire sustainability performance dimension (economic, environmental, and social performance) in the apparel and textile industry in Bangladesh. Also, corporate environmental ethic influences circular economy practices. The study confirmed that the relationship between corporate environmental ethics, internal environmental management, and eco-design is moderated by green self-efficacy. This study provides new results to circular economy practices literature along with numerous managerial implications at the end.
... The research fit criteria are among the fit indices used to evaluate model fit in Structural Equation Model (SEM) research (29). The data set appears to have a decent and acceptable fit to the model based on the reported fit criteria (30,31). The four-factor structure of the EMT-PCPS was validated based on CFA findings and specified fit criteria. ...
The objective of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument to assess the professional competence of emergency medical technicians. This methodological and descriptive research engaged a sample of 820 students in their final year of Health Services Vocational School during the 2021-2022 academic year. The data collection period spanned from April to July 2022. The tools utilized for data collection included a Demographic Information Form, the Emergency Medical Technician Professional Competence Perception Scale (EMT-PCPS), and the Self-Efficacy-Competence Scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 software packages. In order to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument, Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a construct composed of 66 items and 4 sub-dimensions, accounting for 70.45% of the total variance. The outcomes from Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the model with 65 items and 4 factors was suitable (RMSEA=.05; χ2/df=1.99). The item-total test correlation values were above .30, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was .97, indicating high internal consistency. Furthermore, the correlation values between the test-retest scores exhibited moderate to high levels of agreement (p
... For CFI and TLI, values equal to or greater than 0.90 were considered reasonable [68]. For RMSEA, values less than or equal to 0.080 were considered a reasonable fit [69]. In addition, a factorial invariance analysis was conducted, including the following models [70]: M0 configural (equal number of factors), M1 metric invariance (equal factor loadings), and M2 scalar invariance (equal thresholds). ...
Parenting styles have been related to a series of variables that contribute positively to adulthood. The maternal and paternal parenting styles scale is a measure that presents a multidimensional structure of six correlated factors. However, the version available for Chile is extensive, with 82 items measuring this latent trait. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the reliability and validity of the abbreviated version of the maternal and paternal parenting styles scale using a sample of Chilean adolescents. The sample consisted of 2131 students of both the male and female sexes (51% males and 49% females) with a mean age of 15.85 years (SD = 1.37). The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the six-factor correlated model, showing robust psychometric indices for both modelling approaches. In relation to the factorial invariance models, the results show factorial equivalence at the scalar invariance level for the variables of sex, age, academic achievement, and type of school. The scale showed adequate levels of reliability. This study concludes that the abbreviated version of the maternal and paternal parenting styles scale is a reliable and valid instrument for its application in Chilean adolescents.
... (Hu & Bentler, 1999), and the Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR) and the Root Mean Squared of Error Approximation (RMSEA), whose values should be lower than.08 (Browne & Cudeck, 1993). Once a good fitted model was obtained, internal consistency (standardized Cronbach's α) as well as construct reliability (CR) and average variance explained (AVE) of the factor were calculated. ...
Introduction: Road crashes are still one of the main causes of death around the world. Risky behavior has been proposed as one of the foremost predictors, with the theoretical framework of aberrant behavior emerging as a predominant approach for its examination. Sensation seeking has been pointed out as one of the main personality predictors of aberrant behavior. The current research aimed to investigate the moderated-moderation effect of both risk perception and self-esteem in the relationship between sensation seeking and aberrant behavior. Method: Two studies were conducted. The first study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Risk Perception Scale (RPS), a 10-item self-report to assess risk perception. A sample composed of 471 Spanish drivers (319 female, M age = 29.75) completed the RPS. In the second study, a different sample of 236 Spanish drivers (129 female, M age = 38.49) completed a set of self-reports aiming both to analyze the concurrent and divergent validity of the RPS, and to test the main moderated-moderation hypothesis. Results: With respect to the first study, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a 7-item version which fitted in a single reliable factor (α = .74). Regarding the second study, the results supported both the concurrent and divergent validity of the RPS. Likewise, it was verified the moderated-moderation effect in the case of ordinary violations (R 2 = .34), aggressive violations (R 2 = .20), and lapses (R 2 = .12). Conclusions: The RPS is a useful self-report to assess subjective risk perception in Spanish drivers. Both self-esteem and risk perception affect the relationship between sensation seeking and aberrant driving behavior. Practical implications: Intervention programs aiming to reduce aberrant driving behavior should be focused on reducing sensation seeking tendencies while simultaneously enhancing both risk perception skills and self-esteem.
... 27 Goodness-of-fit (GOF) indices have been developed to evaluate how well the estimated CSM 28 fits the data. For example, the root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) is a popular 29 GOF index, and it is common practice to accept an estimated model as sufficiently approximate 30 if certain cutoff values of GOF indices are met (e.g., RMSEA ≤ 0.05; Browne & Cudeck, 1993). 31 One reason for a model being approximate is that small sources of covariance, which could be 32 treated as minor factors or error covariances, are omitted from the specified model and treated as 33 nuisance instead (e.g., Tucker et al., 1969). ...
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... The SEM was utilized to confirm the research model, specifying the mediating and direct links between all the variables. RMSEA value of 0.08 or below, the CFI value greater than 0.95, and the TLI value greater than 0.90 mark a good fit (Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1999;Schermelleh-Engel, Moosbrugger, & M€ uller, 2003;Xia & Yang, 2019). The sum scores of the AA-Father, AA-Mother, and AA-Teachers were used for analysis, as the study intends to understand adolescents' overall AA rather than each authority figure. ...
Parents and teachers are significant authority figures that substantially impact adolescents' psychological and cognitive development, including their creativity. The current study investigated the relationship between adolescents' attitudes toward authority (parents and teachers) and innovative behavior and examined the mediating effects of social support and perspective taking. According to attachment theory, adoles-cents' attitudes toward authority may derive from early interaction with primary caregivers, primarily parents. Individuals internalize these interaction experiences and form internal working models, which will be applied in later life stages when interacting with authority figures. These early life experiences also influence individuals' sense of support and empathy abilities. Through analyzing a sample comprising 1,498 adolescents from Taiwan, this study unveils a significant association between adolescents' perceptions of authority and their proclivity for innovative conduct, as well as their levels of social support and capacity for perspective taking. Employing structural equation modeling (SEM), the empirical findings accentuate the mediating role of social support and perspective taking in delineating the nexus between adolescents' attitude toward authority and their manifestation of innovative behavior. The results revealed that adolescents with positive attitudes toward authority are likely to sense support, stand from other viewpoints, and further benefit creativity.
... RMSEA values less than .10 and SRMR values less than .05 are indicators of good model fit (Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1998), whereas values TLI and CFI values higher than .95 suggest good fit (Schermelleh-Engel et al., 2003). ...
Despite the established association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and impulsivity, the literature is limited regarding impulsivity as a multifaceted construct. That is, the field’s understanding of how PTSD symptoms may increase particular impulsive tendencies and behaviors is constrained by examining impulsivity solely as an umbrella term. The aim of the present study was to determine if there are differential associations between PTSD symptom severity and various components of impulsivity across multiple self-report measures. A
sample of 215 undergraduate women (M age=19.77 years, SD=1.91,Range: 18–39 years) completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (SUPPS-P), and Delaying Gratification Inventory (DGI). Structural equation modeling was used to examine associations between PTSD symptoms and each measure’s subscales. The findings included significant predictions from PTSD symptoms to the BIS-11 Attentional Impulsiveness subscale, β=.23, SE=.07,
95%CI [.09, .37];DGI Physical Pleasures, β = -.24, SE = .07, 95% CI [-.38, -.11], and Achievement subscales, β = -.19, SE = .08,
95% CI [-.34, -.04]; and the SUPPS-P Positive Urgency, β = .22, SE = .08, 95% CI [.07, .37], and Negative Urgency subscales,
β = .32, SE= .07, 95% CI [.19, .46]. These results have implications for precision medicine approaches that emphasize targeting these specific facets of impulsivity, with likely downstream effects on health risk behaviors for emerging adult women.
... comparative fit index (CFI) > .90, and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) > .90 (Bentler, 1990;Brown, 2015;Browne & Cudeck, 1993). The results showed that motivation to volunteer construct is acceptable in good fit criteria: RMSEA<0.08; ...
... By convention, a value above .90 for the CFI or TLI, and a value below .08 for the RMSEA or SRMR, indicate an acceptable fit (Browne & Cudeck, 1993). 2 In the psychology literature, the sparsity of sparse Gaussian graphical models (i.e., their capacity to solely represent the strongest correlations between the variables examined) is generally achieved by (1) focusing on partial correlations, and (2) using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularization parameter. ...
The term "creative" is commonly used in everyday language and in academic discourse to discuss the nature of artistic and innovative productions. This usage inherently implies the existence of a variable of creativity that allows different creative works to be compared. The standard definition of creativity asserts that a production must possess both value and novelty in order to be considered truly creative. However, previous psychometric studies aimed at establishing the existence of such a creativity variable based on these two dimensions have produced results that seem to demonstrate their independence or even negative association , based on a weak to negative correlation between value and novelty. These widely replicated empirical results seem to call into question the notion of a single creativity variable associated with productions, leading to a paradoxical use of the term "creative" to describe the object produced. In our study, we aimed to reproduce these results while addressing methodological errors made in previous efforts to establish construct validity. This work led us to test the existence of a common cause for the observed variations in novelty and value. The higher order factor we obtain in our analysis encompasses subtle differences from the conventional creativity axis and interacts negatively with novelty, while correlating positively with value.
... Second, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify construct validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis and the fit indices of the measurement model satisfied the goodness-of-fit criteria proposed by Browne and Cudeck [41] (CFI > 0.90, IFI > 0.90, TLI > 0.90, RMSEA < 0.08), as shown in Table 2. ...
(1) Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of seller trust on the purchase intention of consumers of used golf clubs in the context of increasing C2C transactions and further explore the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (2) Methods: Data were collected from 200 participants who had experience purchasing golf clubs through the Carrot Market platform, employing a 2 × 2 experimental design. An independent samples t-test was utilized to examine the effect of seller trust on purchase intention, followed by a two-way analysis of variance to assess the interaction effect of regulatory focus. (3) Results: The results revealed a significant difference in purchase intention based on seller trust, with higher purchase intentions observed when seller trust was high compared to when it was low. Additionally, the interaction effect of regulatory focus was found to be significant in the impact of seller trust on golf club purchase intention. Specifically, when seller trust was high, no significant differences were observed among control focus groups. However, when seller trust was low, promotion-focused consumers exhibited higher purchase intentions than prevention-focused consumers. (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of seller trust in the context of an expanding market for online second-hand trading platforms.
... The fit assessment was performed using the comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). CFI values > 0.90 are interpreted (Bentler, 1990), as well as those of RMSEA < 0.080 (MacCallum et al., 1996) and SRMR < 0.080 (Browne and Cudeck, 1992) as evidence in favor of the adjustment of the measurement model. For the measurement invariance analysis, four levels of hierarchical restrictive models were evaluated: (1) configural invariance, in which the same structure was specified for the groups; (2) metric invariance, in which the factor loadings between groups are made equivalent; (3) scalar invariance, this level being necessary to compare means, evaluating the equivalence of intercepts; and (4) strict invariance, in which the equivalence of the item residuals is evaluated. ...
Introduction
Given the lack of instruments to evaluate the sense of efficacy regarding entrepreneurial capacity in Peruvian university students, this study aims to translate into Spanish, adapt, and validate the Internet Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Scale in Peruvian university students with a commercial profile.
Method
An instrumental study was conducted where 743 students between 18 and 42 years old participated in careers with a commercial profile (Administration, Accounting, Economics, and other related careers) from the three regions of Peru (Coast, Mountains, Jungle). For analyzing content-based validity, Aiken’s V coefficient was used, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used for reliability, and internal structure was used through confirmatory factor analysis.
Results
A reverse translation was achieved in the appropriate time and context. All items proved to be valid (V >0.70), and the reliability of the instrument was very good (α = 0.96). Concerning the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, the three-dimensional structure of the instrument was evaluated, finding an adequate fit [χ²(87) = 279.6, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.972, RMSEA = 0.049, SRMR = 0.025], based on this, the original internal structure was corroborated. In complementary analyses, it was found that the instrument is invariant according to sex and university. Finally, it demonstrates significant correlations with scales that measure similar constructs.
Conclusion
The Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Scale on the Internet shows adequate psychometric properties; therefore, it can be used as a management tool to analyze the entrepreneurial capacity of university students with a commercial profile. These findings allow universities to evaluate the entrepreneurial capabilities of students who can promote sustainable businesses, which in turn improves the relationship between the University, state, and company.
... Several goodness-of-fit indices were considered to assess model fit: Comparative Fit Index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) with 90% confidence intervals (CIs), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR). These indices are the most commonly recommended indices (Bentler, 1990;Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Mueller & Hancock, 2008;West et al., 2012). A value \.08 is considered a reasonable fit and a value ..10 is considered a bad fit for RMSEA (Hu & Bentler, 1999). ...
Plain Language Summary
Study about the relationship between job-search behavior, burden of debt, and self-esteem among South Korean youths in poverty
Youth in South Korea face multidimensional difficulties encompassing economic, psychological, and social aspects, driven by high unemployment rates and insecure employment statuses. Youth from low-income backgrounds often endure precarious low-wage jobs without resources or time to prepare for better employment, perpetuating the cycle of poverty. Given these circumstances, it is crucial for youth to persist in job-search behaviors, with psychological resilience playing a vital role in navigating challenging circumstances. This study aims to examine the impact of debt burden as an indicator of economic hardship on job-search behavior and the mediating role of self-esteem. The study found that the burden of debt is negatively associated with self-esteem and self-esteem fully mediates the relationship between the burden of debt and job-search behavior. It means that burden of debt does not have a direct significant impact on job-search behavior since it has a significant impact on self-esteem, which also has a significant impact on job-search behavior. Therefore, interventions to improve the self-esteem of impoverished youths are demanded, considering that the self-esteem is important factor for the youths. In this respect, psychological or counseling programs for enhancing the self-esteem and psychological well-being of young people should be provided in both universities and local communities. Policies such as debt reduction and housing support might be helpful for the disadvantaged youths from low-income families in terms of increasing their disposable income and reducing economic hardship.
... (Kline, 2005). RMSEA of .08 or less (Browne & Cudeck, 1993) and CFI, TLI, and IFI values of .90 and above indicate adequate fit. We also examined the comparative fit between models using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). ...
This study developed and validated the Telepsychology Facilitators Scale (TFS), a novel measure that uses the theory of reasoned action and technology acceptance model as frameworks to assess factors that influence psychologists’ openness to using telepsychology. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, an online sample of 2,619 psychologists completed initial items considered for the TFS, along with a measure assessing their actual use of telepsychology. The sample was split in half, with a preliminary exploratory factor analysis ultimately revealing a 13-item general scale with four distinct subscales (Positive Attitudes, Facilitating Infrastructure, Organizational Support, and External Policies). Higher scores on each subscale positively correlated with psychologists’ percentage of patient treatment conducted with telepsychology. The exploratory factor analysis subscale structure was subsequently supported via confirmatory factory analyses of a four-factor structure and bifactor structure (tested separately) with the other half of the sample, revealing adequate model fit for both models and similar convergent validity. The TFS may help the field assess the potential barriers and drivers of telepsychology use among psychologists and be used to inform future organizational and policy efforts to increase telepsychology implementation and use across health service settings.
... Then, CFA was performed to cross-validate the findings of the EFA. The following cutoff points were considered for fit indices: ≥ 0.90 for good, ≥ 0.95 for excellent for the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990), ≥ 0.90 for good, ≥ 0.95 for excellent for the Tucker Lewis index (TLI; Bentler & Bonnet, 1980), ≤ 0.08 for good, ≤ 0.06 for excellent for the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; Browne & Cudeck, 1993), and ≤ 0.10 for good, ≤ 0.05 for excellent for the standardized root mean square residual (SRMR; Hair et al., 2003). Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega were calculated to explore the internal consistency of the PMTS. ...
LGBTQ+ media representations that uphold heteronormativity, negativity, and homophobia can lead to perceptions of media as threatening. Drawing on intergroup threat theory, this study measured perceived media threats (in-person/group, realistic/symbolic) among English-speaking LGBTQ+ Filipinos (N = 817). The Perceived Media Threat Scale, developed for this study, showed a unidimensional structure with sound psychometric properties. LGBTQ+ identity challenges were found to be associated with an increased perception of threat from the media. However, perceived media threat was not associated with psychological well-being. The Perceived Media Threat Scale appears to be a sound measure of LGBTQ+ perceptions of media in the Philippines. Results suggest that perceived media threat may impact identity processes such as coming out but does not appear to be related to well-being in the LGBTQ + community.
... Similarly, values greater than 0.9 for the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Incremental Fit Index (IFI), and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) are considered indicative of a good model fit (Bentler, 1990). For the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), values below 0.08 suggest a good model fit (Cudeck & Browne, 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1998). ...
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate how the perceived favourability of human resource practices, resulting from the uneven distribution of HR practices, influences job engagement with perceived distributive justice as a mediator, while also considering the moderating influence of perceived procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice on the link between perceived distributive justice and job engagement. Aims(s) – This research aims to examine the effect of perceived favourability of HR practices on job engagement. It also assesses the mediating role of distributive justice on the relationship between the perceived favourability of HR practices and job engagement. Furthermore, it explores the moderating role of perceived procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice on the relationship between distributive justice and job engagement. Design/methodology/approach – The research involves a quantitative approach, collecting data from 733 employees across various Australian industry sectors through self-reports. The data were analysed using SPSS version 23 and Hayes’ process. Findings – The findings revealed that perceived distributive justice partially mediates the relationship between the perceived favourability of HR practices and job engagement. Additionally, perceived procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice positively moderate the link between distributive justice and job engagement. Limitations of the study – The study only considers individual-level perceptions of HR practices’ favourability. Subsequent investigations may explore individual and inter-group differences in HR practices within a single study, providing additional understanding of how employees may react to differential treatment. Practical implications – Organisations should take into account procedural, interpersonal, and informational justice, in addition to fair HR practices, to enhance job engagement in the context of HR differentiation. Originality/value – This research provides new insights into how social comparisons arising from HR differentiation influence job engagement by focusing on individual-level responses and introducing a justice-oriented approach. It also proposes a novel mediated-moderated model.
... The saturated model is the model that fits the covariances perfectly, while the baseline model includes the means and variances of all observed variables plus the covariances of all observed exogenous variables. The root mean squared error of approximation evaluates the model's close fit and ideally should be lower than 0.05 (RMSEA < 0.05), while values above 0.10 (RMSEA > 0.1) indicate poor fit; see [59] for alternative ways of assessing model fit in Structural Equation Models. In terms of information criteria, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian (or Schwarz) information criterion (BIC) are statistics that do not judge fit in absolute terms but in comparison to different models. ...
The rise of the e-commerce industry has markedly changed the global economy, providing customers with unparalleled access to goods and services. This study empirically examines online shoppers’ perceptions and preferences, focusing on their experiences with last-mile delivery (LMD) services and its impact on their shopping behaviour. This research employs machine learning classification and regression models for a large-scale analysis of customers’ responses, collected using an online survey in the main cities in Saudi Arabia, which is experiencing rapid e-commerce growth amidst a broader digital transformation. The findings highlight a strong consumer preference for timely LMD services, typically within a day of purchase, while noting dissatisfaction with exceedingly early delivery windows. The research emphasises the need to address customer dissatisfaction with delivery services to retain clientele, as many may switch retailers without informing the retailers. Additionally, a considerable trend towards preferring digital over cash-on-delivery payment methods was observed among online shoppers. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the significant influence of LMD services on customer satisfaction and behaviour in the e-commerce sector. The use of robust machine learning models has revealed critical factors that can guide retailers and LMD providers in enhancing service delivery and customer experience, contributing to the broader discourse on e-commerce logistics efficiency and customer satisfaction.
... For a model to be deemed fit, the criteria include CMIN/ DF \ 3, RMSEA \ 0.08, GFI ø 0.90, AGFI ø 0.80, NFI ø 0.90, CFI ø 0.90, and IFI ø 0.90 (Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Hair et al., 2010;Jo¨reskog & So¨rbom, 1989). The model fit results in this study were CMIN/ DF = 1.488, ...
In the domain of dark tourism, storytelling serves a dual purpose: it preserves and interprets cultural and historical significance while providing a context that shapes tourists’ experiences. Flow experience is characterized as the optimal state of tourist engagement, deepening the connection between tourists and the content presented at dark tourism destinations. The notion of national identity sheds light on the interplay between tourists’ personal identities and dark tourism destinations, shaping their perception of such experiences. Within the framework of this study, four salient attributes of storytelling in dark tourism were highlighted: emotionality, uniqueness, descriptiveness, and educability. Subsequently, the interconnections among dark tourism storytelling, behavioral intention, flow experience, and national identity were explored using structural equation modeling. Empirical results underscored the pronounced influence of dark tourism storytelling on tourists’ behavioral intentions. Additionally, this research elucidated both the mediating role of flow experience and the moderating role of national identity in this relationship. These findings significantly enriched the theoretical comprehension of dark tourism and storytelling, offering valuable insights for management strategies in dark tourism destinations.
... indicate good and acceptable model fit, respectively, and values less than .10 indicate adequate model fit for RMSEA, with values around .06 indicating good or excellent fit (Browne & Cudeck, 1993;Hu & Bentler, 1999). Additionally, local modification indices were inspected to identify potential issues of model misspecification, and any subsequent measurement model revision was undertaken in accordance with substantive theoretical motivation. ...
Existing emotion regulation research focuses on how individuals use different strategies to manage their own emotions—also called intra-personal emotion regulation. However, people often leverage connections with others to regulate their own emotions—interpersonal emotion regulation. The goal of the present studies was to develop a comprehensive and efficient scale—the Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale (ERSS)—to assess nine specific emotion regulation strategies that individuals use both intra-personally and interpersonally. These emotion regulation strategies were cognitive reappraisal, distraction, situation selection, problem solving, acceptance, calming, savoring, rumination, and expressive suppression. Data were collected between 2020 and 2022. Study 1 adopted a qualitative approach to establish original scale items. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 confirmed a nine-factor solution for both the intra- and the interpersonal scales and finalized scale items. A second confirmatory factor analysis in Study 3 found the ERSS for both the intra-personal and interpersonal scale models to possess good model fit. Correlations from Study 3 showed the ERSS subscales to be related in expected ways to existing emotion regulation scales, yet not redundant with these scales. The degree to which individuals used the range of intra- and interpersonal emotion regulation strategies assessed on the ERSS also related to the levels of clinical symptoms. The ERSS represents a comprehensive novel scale that can flexibly assess a range of specific emotion regulation strategies used both intra- and interpersonally. Future work should be conducted using the ERSS cross culturally and in clinical samples.
The unavailability of jobs for graduates has become a gross concern in developing countries such as Nigeria, which is not necessarily contingent on graduates from any specific course of study, including art and design education. It is thus evident that proficiency in artistic or creative talent alone is insufficient to guarantee a thriving art and design career and the need to develop the required entrepreneurial propensity. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the entrepreneurial skills and traits of art and design students in Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs) as a remedy for stimulating their entrepreneurial tendencies. The hypothesized model of art and design students' entrepreneurial traits was developed based on the theoretical framework developed from the literature as a three-factor construct (Model 1.0) comprising technical/soft skills, managerial skills, and entrepreneurial skills. Data was obtained using a structured Likert scale questionnaire of 36 items adapted from Yilzman & Sunbul's entrepreneurial scale from a sample of 186 art and design students. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and the covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) via the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and IBM SPSS Amos 26 Graphics software. The model fit results reveal that the goodness-of-fit statistics indexes fell within the acceptable range. The results of the hypotheses testing of the model show that no significant association exists between art and design students' technical and entrepreneurial skill traits. However, there is a significant association between their managerial and entrepreneurial skill traits. The outcome of this research has implications for TVET institutions in the arts and design field further to promote the development of students' inherent entrepreneurial traits to boost their entrepreneurial tendencies.
Dieser Beitrag betrachtet die Entwicklung des politischen Vertrauens im Verlauf der Pandemie. Politisches Vertrauen wird nach David Easton (1965, 1975), Fuchs (1989) und Norris (2017) als Voraussetzung für das reibungslose Arbeiten der Politik bzw. des politischen Systems verstanden. Dieser Beitrag fokussiert sich vor allem darauf, wie die Zufriedenheit mit dem Pandemiemanagement durch die Bundesregierung und die Müdigkeit hinsichtlich der Covid-19-Maßnahmen das politische Vertrauen beeinflusst haben. Hierzu werden Regimeinstitutionen (Bundesregierung, Parlament) von jenen Institutionen unterschieden, die für die Performanz des politischen Sys‐tems verantwortlich sind (Handel/Industrie, Gesundheits-, Bildungs- und Justizsystem). Die Entwicklung des politischen Vertrauens wird mit Hilfe von Latenten Wachstumskurvenmodellen (LWKM) im Längsschnitt über drei Erhebungswellen während der Pandemie überprüft. Zusätzlich kontrolliert werden die Einflüsse von demografischen Merkmalen, der Schichtzugehörigkeit, der gesundheitlichen Risiken der Befragten sowie deren ideologische Selbstplatzierung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass den Regimeinstitutionen insgesamt weniger Vertrauen entgegengebracht wird als der Regimeperformanz. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass die Zufriedenheit mit dem Pandemiemanagement und die Müdigkeit hinsichtlich der Covid-19-Regeln den Großteil der Erosion des politischen Vertrauens erklären. Damit zeichnet dieser Beitrag ein differenziertes Bild über das Vertrauen in die österreichische Politik in den Jahren der Covid-19-Pandemie.
The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of two psychosocial features of the classroom environment (teacher support and personal relevance) on college students’ academic self-efficacy and enjoyment of mathematics lessons. Data collected from 352 mathematics students attending three higher education institutions in the United Arab Emirates were used to validate the questionnaires and to investigate the hypothesized relationships. Structural equation modeling analysis suggests that teacher support and personal relevance are influential predictors of enjoyment of mathematics lessons and academic self-efficacy.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تعرف درجة الرضا الوظيفي للضباط العاملين بوزارة الداخلية الكويتية وأثر الخصائص الشخصية والوظيفية على الرضا الوظيفي والولاء , وذلك من خلال التحقق من الفروض التالية: تزيد نسبة الرضا الوظيفي والولاء لرجل الأمن الكويتي على 80%, وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية للرضا الوظيفي والولاء لرجل الأمن الكويتي طبقا للخصائص الشخصية والوظيفية, وتوجد علاقة ارتباطية ذات دلالة بين الرضا والولاء الكلي والرغبة في ترك العمل ونظام الاتصال, واقتراح نموذج لتفسير العلاقة بين الخصائص الشخصية والوظيفية لرجل الأمن الكويتي وبين الرضا الوظيفي- وقد أعد استقصاء يحتوي جزأين: الأول: بيانات شخصية, والثاني: 39 بندا مقيسة على مقياس ليكرت الخماسي توفر جميعها تقويما عاما لدرجة الرضا الوظيفي والولاء, والرغبة في ترك العمل, ونظام الاتصال بالمؤسسة الأمنية لعينة من ضباط الأمن بلغ عددها 415 ضابطا , وحللت البيانات باستخدام الأساليب الإحصائية المناسبة كاختبار ف لتحليل التباين, ومعامل الارتباط الخطي, والتحليل العاملي التوكيدي, وتحليل المسارات- وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن نسبة الموافقة على الرضا الوظيفي الكلي تمثل 70%, والولاء الكلي 73%, والرغبة في ترك العمل 36%, وأن هناك علاقة طردية ومعنوية بين الرضا الوظيفي الكلي والولاء الكلي, ونظام الاتصال, في حين كانت العلاقة عكسية بينها جميعا وبين الرغبة في ترك العمل, كما أظهرت الدراسة أن للخصائص الشخصية والوظيفية فروقا معنوية على الرضا الوظيفي ما عدا الحالة الاجتماعية, والنموذج الهيكلي المقترح يفسر العلاقة بينها بدرجة عالية, ويمكن الاعتماد عليه في التفسير-
Background
China faces significant challenges due to its aging population, impacting economic, social, health, and employment sectors, as well as global trends. Active aging is both a new research paradigm and a national strategy in China. Although the WHO has defined active aging, its application and measurement in China remain difficult.
Methods
Through a literature review, we identified the concept and structure of active aging in China and developed an initial item pool using data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 10,818). Those processes, including project analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and weight calculation, resulted in the development of the AAI-CHN. Additionally, we examined active aging levels in China from 2011 to 2018.
Results
The scale includes six dimensions: physical health, mental health, social participation, economic status, physical environment, and social security. It comprises 19 factors and 63 items, demonstrating good reliability and validity. Analysis from 2011 to 2018 indicated that active aging scores in China ranged from 39 to 48, showing a generally low level with significant regional differences. Scores across dimensions varied from 0.1 to 70, reflecting considerable heterogeneity.
Conclusions
The AAI-CHN is a reliable and valid scale. It provides empirical evidence on active aging in China and suggests policy directions. Despite being a national strategy, achieving comprehensive active aging for the elderly requires more effort.
Despite their large numbers, the vertical growth of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is not readily apparent , even though they have a substantial impact on Ethiopia's economy. Earlier studies have underscored enterprise-related factors as hindrances to the expansion of MSMEs. However, entrepreneurs are blamed for their limited practice of innovative marketing that the researchers wanted to verify whether marketing innovation can positively influence the growth of MSMEs in Ethiopia. Therefore, the major objective of the study was to examine the effect of competency and marketing innovation on the growth of MSMEs in the Ethiopian business environment taking marketing innovation as a mediating variable. To collect data, researchers used a stratified random sampling technique and obtained data from 288 owner-managers of micro, small, and medium enterprises. The results of the study revealed that competency has a significant direct effect on enterprise growth. However, the study also found that the effect of competency on innovation and the effect of innovation on enterprise growth were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that competency directly influences the growth of enterprises, while the impact of innovation on growth is not evident in the context of Ethiopian enterprises. The negligible impact of competency on marketing innovation, coupled with the minimal effect of marketing innovation itself, suggests that entrepreneurs may not be prioritizing the adoption of innovative marketing strategies, assuming they can sell their existing products. However, such an approach is typically shortsighted and could leave the business exposed to future vulnerabilities. This study adds to the body of knowledge by indicating that marketing innovation does not mediate between competency and the growth of MSMEs. Instead, it is the competency of entrepreneurs that has a direct and exclusive impact on growth.
Self-construal, defined as the way by which individuals define themselves, is classified into two types: independent self-construal, emphasizing autonomy and uniqueness, and interdependent self-construal, emphasizing connections with others. Largely investigated in cross-cultural contexts, self-construal has been found to be associated with social anxiety symptoms. While Singelis’s original Self-Construal Scale (SCS) has been widely used to measure self-construal, extant literature has suggested that the SCS lacks validity evidence, prompting the development of a 10-item with enhanced psychometric properties. This study validated the 10-item SCS in a Korean sample by examining the factor structure, measurement invariance across Korean and U.S. samples, and associations with social anxiety variables. A total of 320 Korean adults and 361 European American adults participated in an online questionnaire. The 10-item SCS exhibited a more stable factor structure than the other versions and held measurement invariance across groups. Lastly, significant associations were found between the SCS and social anxiety variables.
Environmental variables related to the home context, including home literacy and numeracy, screen exposure and Socioeconomic Status (SES) are potential risks or protective factors for children’s academic achievements and behaviour. The present multi-informant study aims to contribute to this issue by investigating SES’s direct and indirect relationships in early learning (i.e., literacy, numeracy, and cognitive) and behavioural skills within a large sample of young children. One parent and one teacher for each of 1660 preschoolers filled out a questionnaire investigating SES, tablet and TV use, home learning activities, behavioural problems/strengths (parents’ questionnaire), and children’s learning skills and behaviour (teachers’ questionnaire). Results of path analysis showed that tablet time and home learning environment mediate the effect of SES on early learning as assessed by teachers; as for the home learning environment, it was also a mediator of the relationship between SES and behavioural problems. Implications of these results for research in the field and educational policies are discussed.
This study evaluated the effect of ambient music on customers’ emotional cognitive responses and impulse buying behavior. A conceptual model was developed using the existing body of knowledge. The model was used to examine the influence of ambient music and whether gender moderates this impact. The hypothesized relationships were examined via path analysis. Implications of the results for the management of shopping malls/superstores are discussed.
With the popularity of live streaming, viewers have been found to spend an increasing number of hours on stream-watching in a continuous manner. Why users choose to watch streams for the first time has been well explored. However, continuance stream-watching phenomenon has not been investigated enough. Given the importance of accumulating loyal user base for all live streaming platforms, accumulating users can be equally important to attracting new users. However, understanding in the continuance behavior seems to receive limited investigation in the live streaming context. This study introduced expectation–confirmation theory (ECT) to explain how continuance stream-watching behavior is cultivated. Before, ECT has been extensively applied to explain continuance intention. However, most ECT-based models are not adequate to predict continuance watching intention in the digital context since they only emphasize on users’ perceived benefits and costs of watching but neglect the influence of uses’ sunk costs. Therefore, this paper proposes a new research model in which perceived benefits, perceived sacrifices and perceived sunk costs are included. Our proposed model was empirically validated by an online survey (N = 438). It provides theoretical evidence of antecedents of viewers’ continuance watching intention. This paper advances our understanding in continuance behavior in live streaming. It discusses practical implications and provides strategies to live streaming platforms as well as streamers.
Sınırlı rasyonaliteden yola çıkarak ortaya konan maksimize etme-tatmin etme ayrımı Schwartz vd.’nin (2002) çalışmasıyla teorik temellere oturtulmuştur. Literatür incelediğinde konuyla ilgili çalışmaların çoğunlukla ölçek geliştirme çabalarında yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte az sayıda çalışma maksimize etme eğiliminin farklı değişkenlerle ele alınmasını kapsamaktadır. Bu bakımdan, bu çalışma maksimize etme eğilimi ile kayıptan kaçınma, riskten kaçınma, mutluluk ve bilişsel önyargılara düşme eğilimi arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaya yönelik gerçekleştirilmiştir. 272 kişilik örneklemle gerçekleştirilen çalışmada öncelikle maksimize etme eğilimi, kayıptan kaçınma ve riskten kaçınma ölçekleri Türkçe’ye uyarlanmış ve geçerlilik/güvenilirlik analizleri yapılmış, sonrasında ise oluşturulan hipotezler test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, maksimize etme eğiliminin sadece medeni duruma göre farklılık gösterdiği; kayıptan kaçınma, riskten kaçınma, mutluluk ve bilişsel önyargılara düşme eğilimleri ile ilişkilerinin ise cinsiyetler arasında farklılık gösterdiği şeklindedir. Buna göre kadınlarda maksimize etme eğilimi ile kayıptan kaçınma ve riskten kaçınma arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiş olmasına karşılık erkeklerde her iki değişkenle de maksimize etme eğilimi arasında bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Yine kadınlarda maksimize etme eğilimi ile mutluluk ve batık maliyete düşme eğilimi arasında bir ilişki saptanmazken; erkeklerde maksimize etme eğilimi ile mutluluk arasında ve batık maliyete düşme eğilimi arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Burada kadın ve erkeklerin maksimize etme eğilimi noktasında motivasyonlarının farklı olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışma, maksimize etme eğilimini bahsi geçen değişkenlerle birlikte ele alan çalışmaya rastlanmaması bakımından özgün değer taşımaktadır. Ayrıca, Maksimizasyon Eğilimi Ölçeği, Kayıptan Kaçınma Ölçeği ve Riskten Kaçınma Ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlamalarının ve analizlerinin de ilk kez gerçekleştirilmesi bakımından da önem taşımaktadır.
The COVID-19 Stressors Scale measures individuals’ appraisals of stressors related to the pandemic. Measurement of perceptions of stressors is necessary to understand the socioemotional impacts of not only the COVID-19 pandemic, but other disasters. The study examined the factor structure of the scale among adults in the U.S. over six time points. A shortened version was used, and the fit was examined over time. The results of the study show contextual appraisals change over time and offer important implications for the measurement of stressfulness of disasters, a critical step in designing and assessing impacts of social programs aimed to reduce the deleterious effects of disasters.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, iki kere farklı öğrencilerin bilişsel özellikleri doğrultusunda Web Tabanlı Bilişsel Değerlendirme Bataryasının (WEBİDEB) geliştirilmesi ve makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının bu öğrencileri ayırt etmedeki başarısının incelenmesidir. WEBİDEB’in değerlendireceği alanlar için bir meta-analiz çalışması yapılmıştır. Üstün zekâlı ve öğrenme güçlüğü olan öğrencilerin bilişsel özelliklerini de dikkate alarak dört alanda (sözel olmayan yetenek, bellek, isimlendirme hızı, anlamsız kelime okuma) değerlendirme yapan bir batarya geliştirilmiştir. Pilot ve asıl uygulamalarda tipik gelişen, üstün zekâlı, iki kere farklı ve öğrenme güçlüğü olan toplam 425 ilkokul öğrencisine ulaşılmıştır. Tipik gelişen öğrenciler için küme örnekleme; diğer öğrenciler için ölçüt örnekleme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bataryanın yapı geçerliliği hiyerarşik doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle test edilmiştir. Test edilen kuramsal modelin veri setiyle iyi uyum gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ölçüt geçerliliği için dört farklı ölçme aracı ile WEBİDEB görevleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. WEBİDEB görevleriyle TONI-3 (.92), Hızlı İsimlendirme Testi (.91), okuma hızı (.65) ve Çalışma Belleği Ölçeği (.54) manidar ilişkiler göstermiştir. WEBİDEB görevlerinin yüksek iç tutarlılık güvenilirliğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir (α = .84 - .93, ω = .85 - .93). 11-12 hafta arayla yapılan iki uygulamada, test-tekrar test güvenilirliği .78 - .92 aralığında belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen denetimli makine öğrenmesi algoritmasının, iki kere farklı, üstün zekâlı, tipik gelişen ve öğrenme güçlüğü olan öğrencileri %96.88 doğrulukta ayırt edebildiği tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, WEBİDEB’in ilkokul öğrencilerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğu; makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları kullanılarak iki kere farklı, üstün zekâlı ve öğrenme güçlüğü olan öğrencilerin tipik gelişen akranlarından ayırt edilebileceği belirlenmiştir.
El objetivo de este estudio fue recolectar evidencias de validez basadas en el contenido de los ítems y en la estructura interna de la Escala de Conducta Prosocial (Auné & Attorresi, 2017), para obtener una adaptación preliminar para la población colombiana. Respecto al contenido de los ítems, los expertos aprobaron nueve de los quince ítems, se realizaron ajustes a cinco ítems y se decidió eliminar uno. El acuerdo global entre los tres expertos más exigentes fue del 73,33% con un Kappa de Fleiss k=0,585 y un p=0,000. La dimensión Ayuda tuvo fiabilidades α=0,85 y ω=0,83 y en la dimensión Confortar al otro se obtuvo un α=0,77 y ω=0,58. Se confirmó la estructura factorial del modelo bidimensional integrado con las dimensiones Ayuda y Confortar al otro, con índices de bondad de ajuste NFI=0,958, NNFI=0,979, CFI=0,982, TLI=0,979 y RMSEA=0,046. Esta estructura fue invariante con restricción configural, métrica, escalar y residual entre hombres y mujeres. La calibración de los ítems con el modelo de Rasch permitió identificar que las personas que invierten su tiempo libre en ayudar, sumado a la disposición de brindar apoyo físico a otros, son las que presentan los niveles más altos de conducta prosocial. Estas evidencias avalan el uso del cuestionario en Colombia para fines investigativos.
This study aimed to assess the quality of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) service in a developing country, implementing this service for the first time, based on service users’ perception. A convenience sample of 425 BRT users were surveyed using a structured QR-based survey. Moreover, to avoid sampling bias toward any specific age group or level of education, participants who had limited familiarity with filling out QR-based surveys received individualized assistance. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to test the proposed model and assess the relationships between the identified factors and the overall perceived quality of the BRT service. BRT users reported a positive perception of the quality of the service, with over 53% expressing satisfaction. Moreover, 63% and 67% reported feeling safe on the bus and bus stations, respectively. Furthermore, 71% reported appropriate service hours, while over 65% reported adequate frequency. Besides, 62% indicated the availability of services (comfortability) in bus stations. The SEM results indicated accessibility and operational, and safety are essential for predicting the quality of the Amman BRT service. The model goodness fit results indicated a good fit to the data and a reliable factor loadings, where χ2/d.f = 3.513, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSEA) = 0.079, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.057, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.905, and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.8. These findings highlighted the users related quality factors. Furthermore, the results showed that 80% of the users are student universities within the age group of 18–24, which indicates the need to promote using BRT across other age groups and sectors.
In this study, the perception, acceptance and usage status of Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) which seem likely to become a more dominant tool in the industrial sector in the coming years, in manufacturing industry enterprises, and the advantages it provides to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector are examined in line with the requirements of the sector. In this regard, the study will offer comprehensive insights to researchers, scientists, and decision-makers within industrial sectors, as well as institutions and organizations tasked with making strategic decisions. In addition, as with any new technology, the importance of determining the attitudes of staff and managers, who are the users of the technology, towards CPS was evaluated with an acceptance model developed by considering industrial conditions. By applying a questionnaire with open-ended questions including the opinions of SMEs, it is aimed to examine the factors in the Unified Technology Acceptance and Utilization Theory (UTAUT) model whose effects on usage are advocated. analysis demonstrate that the major hesitations of the enterprises are concentrated on the high costs of the technology, the lack of human resource competence to use the systems and the lack of solution partners in case of possible failures, but they still have positive opinion about the use. The study's findings shed light on the factors influencing the feasibility of CPS technology in the industrial sector. These results can serve as a guide for conceptualization, policy support, planning, and the development of new management strategies that will be essential in this field in the forthcoming years.
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