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Management of powdery mildew of mango by foliar spray fungicides

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Dr Muhammad Raheel at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
Dr Muhammad Raheel
Shamim Anwar at University of Suffolk
Shamim Anwar
Nazir Javed
Nazir Javed
MB Ilyas
MB Ilyas
MB Ilyas
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An evaluation of four foliar spray fungicides for the management of powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae Barth) of mango revealed that Score 250EC (Diphenoconazole) and Anpower 5ME (Hexaconazole) were the most and statistically equally effective fungicides in reducing disease incidence by 93.28 and 86.87 percent respectively, over the non-sprayed control. While Pre-cure combi (Thiophanate methyl + Diethofencarb) and Thionill (Thiophenate methyl) were comparatively less but statistically equally effective in reducing powdery mildew by 83.38 and 79.83 percent respectively, over non-sprayed control.
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1
BRIEF ARTICLE
Pak. J. Phytopathol.,
Vol. 21 (1): 173-174, 2008.
MANAGEMENT OF POWDERY MILDEW OF MANGO BY FOLIAR SPRAY FUNGICIDES
M. Raheel
1
, *S. A. Anwar
1
, N. Javed
1
,M. B. Ilyas,
1
M. Iqbal,
2
and A. Zia
1
1
Department of Plant Pathology
,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.
2
Plant Protection Institute, Faisalabad.
*Corresponding author: Safdar A. Anwar [safdar_uaf2006@yahoo.com]
A
BSTRACT
An evaluation of four foliar spray fungicides for the management of powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae
Barth) of mango revealed that Score 250EC (Diphenoconazole) and Anpower 5ME (Hexaconazole) were
the most and statistically equally effective fungicides in reducing disease incidence by 93.28 and 86.87
percent respectively, over the non-sprayed control. While Pre-cure combi (Thiophanate methyl +
Diethofencarb) and Thionill (Thiophenate methyl) were comparatively less but statistically equally
effective in reducing powdery mildew by 83.38 and 79.83 percent respectively, over non-sprayed control.
Key words: Powdery mildew, fungicides, mango.
INTRODUCTION
Mango (Mangifera indica L.), the most important
fruit of Pakistan is planted over an area of 156570
ha with annual production of 1753907 tones of
fruit (Anonymous, 2006). The commercial
varieties planted by growers include “Langra”,
“Anwarratul”, “Malda”, “Dusehri”, “Sindhri”,
“Kalapahar”, and “Totapari”. The pulp of a ripe
mango fruit contains about 15% sugar, 1% protein
and significant amount of vitamin A, B, and C.
The fungal, bacterial, viral and nematode diseases
play major role in the decline of mango fruit yield
and fruit quality. The fungal diseases affecting
mango trees include anthracnose (Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides Penz.), dieback [complex cause],
mango malformation, and powdery mildew
(Oidium mangiferae Berth); bacterial diseases
include bacterial black spot [Xanthomonas
campestris pv. Mangiferae indicae], crown gall
(Smith & Townsendcone) while nematode
diseases include dagger nematode (Xiphinema
brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961), lance
nematode (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher), sheathoid
nematode (Hemicriconemoides mangiferae
Siddiqi). Powdery mildew has been reported to be
the most devastating disease in the recent past
(Boesewinkel, 1980; Saleem et al., 1991; Haq et
al., 1994; Ihsan et al., 1999). This paper reports
on the effectiveness of four foliar spray fungicides
against powdery mildew of mango.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The evaluation of the effectiveness of four foliar
spray fungicides was carried on three-years-old
plants of a mango cv. “Dusehri” planted in a
grower’s mango garden located at chak No 75 JB,
Faisalabad. The fungicides evaluated were
Anpower 5.0 ME (at dosage rate of 0.4 g /l H2O),
Pre-cure combi 65 WP (at 2.5 g/l H2O), Score 250
EC (at 0.3 ml / l H2O), and Thiomill 70 WP (at 1.5
g/l H2O). Three sprays of each of the test
fungicides were applied at 15 days interval and for
powdery mildew attack the natural inoculum was
relied on as the disease occurs every year on
mango plantations. The check mango plants were
sprayed with water only. The experimental design
was completely randomized with three replications
for each treatment.
The data on powdery mildew attack was recorded
after 10 days of the third and the last spray, by
visual observations, on the basis of area of mango
inflorescence affected by powdery mildew disease
by using following self designed 0 to 5 grades
disease rating scale, where 0 = no infection at all,
1= less than 1%, 2 =1-5%, 3 = 6-25%, 4 = 26-
50%, and 5= 51-100% inflorescence area affected.
Data analysis: The data were subjected to ANOVA
and mean values were separated by least
significant test according to Duncan’s Multiple
Range Test.
R
ESULT
S
AND
D
ISCUSSION
All the test fungicides significantly (P =0.05)
reduced powdery mildew disease of mango plants
as compared to non-sprayed control plant (Table
1). The data revealed that Score 250EC
(Diphenoconazole) and Anpower 5ME
2
(Hexaconazole) were the most and statistically
equally effective fungicides in reducing disease
incidence by 93.28 and 86.87 percent respectively,
over the non-sprayed control. Pre-cure combi
(Thiophanate methyl + Diethofencarb) and
Thiomill (Thiophenate methyl) were comparatively
less but statistically equally effective in reducing
powdery mildew by 83.38 and 79.83 percent
respectively, over non-sprayed control.
The use of the foliar fungicides in the management
of powdery mildew of mango is not uncommon
(Akhtar et al., 1999.). Earlier Saleem et al. (1991)
reported Afugan, Rubigan, Topsin-M, Tilt, and
Bayfidon to be effective fungicides for the control
of this disease. Later Haq et al. (1994) reported that
Topas, Topsin-M, Benlate and Bayleton could
effectively be used in the management of powdery
mildew of mango. Ihsan and his associates (1999),
in their effort for the protective and curative control
of the disease, determined that Bayleton, Calixin,
and Bafidan were statistically equally effective
fungicides and these cured powdery mildew
infection by reducing 88.33, 88.16, and 88.16 %
disease respectively, over that of control.
Effectiveness of Anpower, Bayleton, Score, and
Spotless fungicides in controlling powdery mildew
disease has also been reported (Iqbal and Ihsan,
2001). The effectiveness of two non-systemics
namely Dinocap, Wettable sulphar, and three
systemics namely Carbendzim, Thiophanate-
methyl, Tridemorph, in controlling powdery
mildew of mango on cv “Dusehri”, has also been
reported earlier (Nofal and Haggag, 2006; Sinha
and Verma, 2002; Sinha et al. 2001).
L
ITERATURE
C
ITED
Akhtar, K.P., I.A. Khan, M.R. Kazmi, R.I. Hassan,
and R. Fatima. 1999. Preventive control of
powdery mildew disease of mango. Sultan
Qaboos Uni. J. Sci. Res. Agric. 4:23-28.
Anonymous. 2006. Agricultural Statistics of
Pakistan, Govt. of Pakistan, Ministry of Food,
Agriculture and Cooperatives, Food and
Agric. Div. (Planning Unit), Islamabad.
Boesewinkel, H.J. 1980. The identity of mango
mildew, Oidium mangiferae.
Phytopathologische Zeitscnfift 99:126-30.
Haq, A., M.T. Malik, S. Ali, and S.H. Khan, 1994.
Evaluation of various fungicides against
powdery mildew (Oidium mangiferae) in
mango. Pak. J. Phytopathol. 6:17-20.
Ihsan, J.,M. Ahmed, N. Sajid, F. Muhammad, and
A. Saleem, 1999. Incidence of powdery
mildew of mango in the Punjab and evaluation
of protective and curative fungicides for the
control of disease. Pak. J. Phytopathol. 11:67-
6.
Iqbal, M., and J. Ihsan, 2001. Chemical control of
powdery mildew of mango. Pak. J.
Phytopathology13:31-33.
Nofal, M.A., and W. M. Haggag. 2006. Integrated
management of powdery mildew of mango in
Egypt. Crop Protection 25:480-486.
Saleem, A., K.M. Akhtar, and A. Mahmood. 1991.
Fungicidal control of powdery mildew of
mango. Pb. Fruit Jour. 44:82-86.
Sinha, P., and A. Varma. 2002. Chemical
management of mango powdery mildew.
Annals Pl. Prot. Sci. 10:291-294.
Sinha, P., U. Chakrabarti, V. Anuupam, and A.
Varma. 2001. Critical factors for mango
powdery mildew development, Annals Pl.
Prot. Sci. 9:264–267.
Table 1. Percent reduction in powdery mildew disease of mango trees sprayed with each of the four foliar applied
fungicides over the non sprayed control plants of mango
Name of
Fungicide
Active ingredient Group Dose mg or ml/
liter of water
Disease
incidence*
Percent disease reduction
over control
Anpower 5.0ME Hexaconazole Triazole 0.40 8.00cd 86.67
Pre-cure combi
65WP
Thiophanate methyl
+ Diethofencarb
Thiophanate 2.50 9.97bc 83.38
Score 250EC Diphenoconazole Triazole 0.30 4.03d 93.28
Thiomill 70WP Thiophenate methyl Thiophanate 1.50 12.10b 79.83
Control --------- --------- --------- 60.00a ------
* Means with in a column sharing the same letter are not significantly different from each other at P = 0.05 according to
Duncan Multiple Range Test.
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