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Crocus jablanicensis (Iridaceae), a New Species from the Republic of Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula

Authors:
Novica Ranđelović
Novica Ranđelović
Novica Ranđelović
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Vladimir Randjelovic at University of Niš
Vladimir Randjelovic
Nikola Hristovski
Nikola Hristovski
Nikola Hristovski
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Ranđelović, N., Ranđelović, V. & Hristovski, N. 2012: Crocus jablanicensis (Iridaceae), a new spe-cies from the Republic of Macedonia, Balkan Peninsula. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 49: 99–102. Crocus jablanicensis N. Randj. & V. Randj. sp. nova (Iridaceaeis described from the Balkan Peninsula. It is found on Mt. Jablanica in the western part of Macedonia, where it grows in alpine grasslands around snowmelts. It is compared with the morphologi-cally similar C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis. In contrast to these species, C. jablanicen-sis has white styles and stigmas and a glabrous, white perianth throat. According to Maw (1886) and Mathew (1982, 1983) the largest number of species from the genus Crocus occur on the Balkan Peninsula. Of the 31 species of Crocus now known from the peninsula (Mathew 1982, Ranđelović et al. 1990), 18 occur within the territory of the Repub-lic of Macedonia. Seven of them are Balkan endemics, including four species in the Scardo-Pindian mountains: C. pelistericus, C. scardicus, C. cvijicii and C. sublimi. The populations of C. pelistericus and C. scardicus (ser. Scardici) and C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis (ser. Reticulati) are found in the alpine and subalpine regions at altitudes above 1800 m (Ranđelović et al. 2007). On the Krstač, Strižak and Čuma peaks of the Jablanica mountain (Fig. 1), large populations of an unknown species of Crocus with white flow-ers were found in 2007. On the basis of compara-tive analysis with the congenerics, these popula-tions are here described as a new species in the section Nudiscapus and the series Reticulati. Crocus jablanicensis N. Randj. & V. Randj., sp. nova (Fig. 1 and 2)
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Ann. Bot. Fennici   
 
Crocus jablanicensis 


Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš,
Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia (*corresponding author’s e-mail: vladar@pmf.ni.ac.rs)
Faculty of Biotechnological Sciences, University of Bitola, Prilepska, P.O. Box 53, 7000 Bitola,
Macedonia
Received 1 Feb. 2011, nal version received 1 Apr. 2011, accepted 5 Apr. 2011
Crocus jablanicensis 
Ann. Bot. Fennici
Crocus jablanicensis N. Randj. & V. Randj. sp. nova (Iridaceaeis described from the
Balkan Peninsula. It is found on Mt. Jablanica in the western part of Macedonia, where
it grows in alpine grasslands around snowmelts. It is compared with the morphologi-
cally similar C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis. In contrast to these species, C. jablanicen-
sis has white styles and stigmas and a glabrous, white perianth throat.
According to Maw (1886) and Mathew (1982,
1983) the largest number of species from the
genus Crocus occur on the Balkan Peninsula.
Of the 31 species of Crocus now known from
the peninsula (Mathew 1982, Ranđelović et al.
1990), 18 occur within the territory of the Repub-
lic of Macedonia. Seven of them are Balkan
endemics, including four species in the Scardo-
Pindian mountains: C. pelistericus, C. scardicus,
C. cvijicii and C. sublimi. The populations of C.
pelistericus and C. scardicus (ser. Scardici) and
C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis (ser. Reticulati)
are found in the alpine and subalpine regions at
altitudes above 1800 m (Ranđelović et al. 2007).
On the Krstač, Strižak and Čuma peaks of the
Jablanica mountain (Fig. 1), large populations of
an unknown species of Crocus with white ow-
ers were found in 2007. On the basis of compara-
tive analysis with the congenerics, these popula-
tions are here described as a new species in the
section Nudiscapus and the series Reticulati.
Crocus jablanicensis 
sp. nova
Cormus subrotundatus, insignis complanatus,
0.7–1.0 cm diametro; tunica tenuissime reticu-
lato-brosa. Folia vaginatia 2–3(4), alba. Folia
2–3(4), synantha, 1–2.2(2.5) mm lata, glabra.
Spatha decio; scapus 2–2.8 cm longus. Perian-
thii tubus 3–5 cm longus, albidus, fauce ad inser-
tionem lamentorum glabrae, albae. Perianthii
segmenta elliptica, 2.2–3 cm longa, 0.7–0.9 cm
lata, alba. Filamentae albae, glabrae, 7–9 mm
longae; antherae luteae, 6–8 mm longae, pollen
avum. Stigma antheras superantia; stylus albus,
rami stigmatici 3, albi, rugosi. Capsula 1–1.7 cm
longa; semina atrofusca usque obscure brunnea.
Type: The Republic of Macedonia. Mt. Jablanica: Strižak
peak, 41°17´03´´N, 20°31´44´´E, 2200 m, alpine grassland,
17 June 2010 N. Ranđelović (holotype BEOU 16438; iso-
types BEO, HMN).
eTymology: This species is named after the mountain
Jablanica where it was found.
 Ranđelović et al.  
Corm about 0.7–1.0 cm in diameter, at-
tened-subglobose; tunics papyraceous with thin
bres, indistinctly reticulated. Cataphylls 2–3(4),
white, papery. Leaves 2–3(4), synanthous,
shorter than ower at anthesis, 1–2.2(2.5) mm
wide, glabrous. Flowers vernal, solitary (rarely
two), unscented, white. Throat white, glabrous.
Prophyll (basal spathe) absent. Bract and bracte-
ole present, subequal. Perianth tube 3–5 cm long,
white; segments equal or subequal, oblanceo-
late, obtuse or subacute, 2.2–4 cm long, 0.7–0.9
cm wide. Filaments 0.7–0.9 cm long, white,
glabrous; anthers 0.6–0.8 cm long, yellow.
Style white, usually much lomger than anthers,
obscurely divided into 3 white branches, each
expanded and frilled at their tips. Capsule 1–1.7
cm long, ellipsoid; seeds subglobose with a dis-
tinct raphe, reddish brown to dark brown.
Crocus jablanicensis is known only from
the type locality and few locations nearby (the
Fig. 2.AC Crocus jab-
lanicensis   
  A   B
Cab
C. veluchensisc
C. cvijicii
Fig. 1.Crocus jablanicensis C.
cvijicii C. veluchensis 
  Crocus jablanicensis (Iridaceae), a new species from Macedonia 
Krstač and Čuma peaks) on the Jablanica moun-
tain in west Macedonia. According to our eld
investigations, its population size is large. It
grows in alpine grasslands around snowmelts
at altitudes from 1800 to 2100 m. These alpine
grasslands, in the sense of Horvat et al. (1974),
belong to the alliances Seslerion comosae Horvat
1935 (on schist on the Strižak peak) and Onobry-
chi–Festucion Horvat 1960 (on limestone on the
Krstač and Čuma peaks). Characteristic species
are Gentiana verna, Dianthus petraeus, Acinos
alpinus, Nigritella nigra, Trifolium noricum,
Pedicularis hoermaniana, Daphne oleoides (on
limestone), Festuca paniculata, Thlaspi praecox,
Pedicularis verticillata, Fritillaria macedonica,
Crocus scardicus, Lilium albanicum, Geum mon-
tanum, Botrichium lunaria (on schist), Pimpi-
nella saxifraga, Ranunculus montanus, Gera-
nium subcaulescens, Primula veris (on both),
etc.
Crocus jablanicensis is morphologi-
cally close to C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis
of the section Reticulati, but there are numer-
ous differences (Table 1). Crocus veluchensis
is widespread in the mountains of Bulgaria
(Uzundžalieva 2005), Serbia (Ranđelović et al.
1990a, Tomović, 2007), Macedonia (Pulević
1976, Ranđelović et al. 2007), Albania and
Greece (Mathew 1982, 1991), while C. cvijicii is
found in Galičica in Macedonia (Košanin 1926,
1928, Pulević 1976, Ranđelović et al. 2007) and
some mountains in the northern Greece and east-
ern Albania (Mathew 1982, 1983, 1991).
Acknowledgements
The research was supported in part by the Ministry of Sci-
ence and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia
(grants no. 143015 and 173030). We thank the Natural His-
tory Museum in Struga for logistical help in the eld research,
Stojan Stojanov, Miloš Popović and Sandra Cvetković for
assistance during the eld research, and Bojan Zlatković for
constructive comments on the manuscript. We thank David
A. Hill (Budapest, Hungary) for editing the English language.
Table 1.Crocus jablanicensis C. cvijiciiC. veluchensis
 C. jablanicensis C. cvijicii C. veluchensis
   
   
   
  
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
 
 ¥ ¥ ¥
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 Ranđelović et al.  
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& Co., London.
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slavia]. — Ph.D. thesis, Biotehniški fakultet Univerze u
Ljubljani. [In Serbian].
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genus Crocus L. in Serbia. — The Serbian Academy of
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atic, chorological and genetic research into the genus
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anovski, R. & Matevski, V. (eds.), Collection of Papers
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Agraren univerzitet, Plovdiv. [In Bulgarian with English
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
... Recently, several new species of the genus Crocus Linnaeus (1753: 36) for the Balkan Peninsula and for Turkey were described, therefore this genus currently numbers about 180 species (e.g., Pulević 1976, Mathew 1982, Peruzzi & Carta 2011, Erol et al. 2012, Ranđelović et al. 2012, Yıldırım & Erol 2013, Harpke et al. 2014, 2016, Rukšāns 2014, Erol et al. 2015, Schneider 2014, Yüzbaşıoğlu et al. 2015. For the Balkan Pensinsula 38 endemic species are known up to now (Mathew 1982, Shuka 2008, Karamplianis et al. 2013, Shuka & Tan 2013. ...
... According to these phylogenetic investigations C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis belong to the C. sieberi aggregate, comprising also C. dalmaticus Visiani (1842: 119), C. robertianus Brickell (1973: 362), C. rujanensis Randjelovic & D.A.Hill (1988: 325) and C. sieberi Gay (1831: 320) and its subspecies. The phylogenetic affiliation of C. jablanicensis was not yet clarified, but based on morphology, it was supposed to belong also to the C. sieberi aggregate (Ranđelović et al. 2012). Therefore, our molecular analysis included C. jablanicensis and representatives of all species of the C. sieberi aggregate. ...
A new species of Crocus (Iridaceae) from southern Albania (SW Balkan Peninsula)
Article
  • Jun 2016
A new Crocus species (Iridaceae) for southern Albania, Crocus novicii sp. nov. (Iridaceae), is described and illustrated. We here provide diagnostic morphological characteristics, results of molecular analyses, detailed descriptions and illustrations of this new species and compare it with its relatives C. jablanicensis, C. cvijicii and C. veluchensis. Our molecular analysis is based on two chloroplast (matK–trnK, rps16–trnQ) and three nuclear markers (nrETS, nrITS, TOPO6B exon3–exon6) and includes representatives of all related species (C. cvijicii, C. dalmaticus, C. jablanicensis, C. rujanensis, C. sieberi subsp. atticus, and C. veluchensis). Morphologically, C. novicii can be distinguished from its relatives by its white flower with lilac coloring at the base of the perigone and its higher number of leaves (> 3). Although it is morphologically close to C. jablanicensis, molecular analysis has revealed a close affiliation to C. veluchensis. Crocus novicii is diploid with 2n = 20 chromosomes. The new species is named after the Serbian botanist Novica Ranđelović to honor his important work on the genus Crocus on the Balkan Peninsula.
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... Crocus jablanicensis* (-)+. Recently described from Jablanica Mt. (border Al/Mk), 1800-2100 m (Ranđelović & al 2012). ≠Crocus cvijicii in fl. ...
ILLUSTRATED FLORA of Albania Update 1.01
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2024
This online publication is a supplement to the book Illustrated Flora of Albania from 2016.
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... The genus Crocus currently consists of about 230 taxa according to Rukšāns, (2017). It is distributed from Western Europe and Northwestern Africa to Western China, with the centre of the species diversity being on the Balkan Peninsula and west Turkey (Mathew 1982, Ranđelović et al. 2012, Harpke et al. 2014, 2016, Rukšāns 2017. As a result of this pattern Turkey represents an especially rich territory in terms of Crocus species, currently comprising approximately 140 taxa (Yüzbaşıoğlu 2019(Yüzbaşıoğlu , Çiftçi et al. 2020. ...
Crocus adamioides (Iridaceae) in Bulgarian flora
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2021
Crocus adamioides Kernd. et Pasche, as recently known, was originally treated as C. biflorus Mill. subsp. adamii B. Mathew in the flora of Bulgaria by Mathew (1982) and verified by Rukšāns (2017). The taxon was afterwards described as a separate species (Kerndorff et al. 2012), with the holotype collected in Kırklareli Province, European Turkey. The species was for the first time mapped in two floristic regions of Bulgaria. The diagnostic characters based on the general morphology and leaf anatomy were defined from the natural populations of the species and compared to the type specimen and relevant data from the literature. The phylogenetic position of the species was clarified by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS: ITS1 + 5.SsrDNA + ITS2) and comparison of the obtained sequence with those annotated in NCBI. A phylogenetic tree was built using Bayesian phylogeny. Results have shown highest phylogenetic similarity with C. adamioides from Turkey. The closest relative C. ranjeloviciorum Kernd., Pasche, Harpke et Raca remains in proximity. Our morphological, anatomical and molecular analyses have revealed that the Bulgarian population shows a peculiar combination of characters specific to C. adamioides.
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... Considering the plethora of various microhabitats and environmental conditions representatively contained in our sample, the Balkan Peninsula is characterized by a high degree of endemism and vicarism in the Crocus species (Mathew, 1982;Shuka, 2008;Ranđelović et al., 2012;Karamplianis, 2013;Miljković et al., 2016;Harpke et al., 2017). C. cf. ...
Morphological and leaf anatomical variability of Crocus cf. heuffelianus Herb. (Iridaceae) populations from the different habitats of the Balkan Peninsula
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2019
Crocus cf. heuffelianus Herb. belongs to the series Verni Mathew and presents one of the most complex and critical taxa within the whole genus Crocus L. Depending on different authors, C. cf. heuffelianus is sometimes split into different taxa (e.g., C. scepusiensis (Rehmer & Wol.) Borbás ex Kulcz., C. vittatus Schloss. & Vuk., nom. illeg.). In order to disentangle the complicated taxonomical status of this species and to determine the degree of its morphoanatomical variability in the different environmental conditions, a comparative investigation of plant morphology and leaf anatomy of seven populations from the Balkan Peninsula was carried out. Morphometric analysis included meristic, quantitative, and qualitative parameters. To examine the leaf anatomy, fresh cross sections were made by manual microtome and stained with safranin and alcian blue. Statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis revealed significant differences between populations, indicating the presence of distinct groups correlating with their geographical distribution. The largest contribution to the differentiation of analyzed populations is made by the characters that are related to corms, perigone segments, leaves, and anthers, followed by the general outlook of cross sections, palisade and spongy parenchyma, abaxial epidermal cells, and vascular bundle features. These findings confirm that from the morphoanatomical point of view Balkanian C. cf. heuffelianus presents an aggregate of species.
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... However, since the last revision of the genus (Mathew 1982), over 50 new species were described (e.g. Erol et al. 2011, 2014a, 2014b, Peruzzi & Carta 2011, Harpke et al. 2014, Kerndorff et al. 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, Randelovic et al. 2012, Yüzbaşıoğlu & Varol 2004, Yüzbaşıoğlu et al. 2015 suggesting that the number of species is much higher. Taxonomically the genus is currently complicated, as e.g. ...
A new Crocus L. (Iridaceae) species from SE Turkey, based on morphological and molecular data
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2015
Crocus musagecitii is described as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and wild specimens. Morphologically, C. musagecitii is close to Crocus biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena. Crocus musagecitii differs from C. biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena by the lack of stripes or narrow purplish tongue on outside of outer tepals, wider tepals, and homogenously yellow anthers. In order to clarify the phylogenetic position of this species within the Crocus adamii species complex, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS: ITS1 + 5.8SrDNA + ITS2) and 5' external transcribed spacer (ETS) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian phylogenetic inference is given. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new taxon is close to C. munzurensis. Crocus musagecitii differs from its phylogenetically closest relative C. munzurensis by the corm tunics (C. musagecitii: coriaceus; C. munzurensis: membranous), the number of leaves (C. musagecitii: up to 8; C. munzurensis: up to 4) and non-hairy leaf margins.
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... He divided the genus into two subgenera, two sections and 15 series. Since 1982 the genus Crocus was studied by many authors and many new species have been published recently (Randelović et al. 1990, Yüzbaşıoğlu & Varol 2004, Peruzzi & Carta 2011, Erol et al. 2012, Randelović et al. 2012, Kerndorrf et al. 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, Yıldırım & Erol 2013. Morphological, molecular and karyological investigations indicate that the number of species is probably closer to 160 occurring from western Europe and northwestern Africa to western China with the centre of species diversity in Asia Minor and on the Balkan Peninsula (Harpke et al. 2013, Harpke et al. 2014a, Harpke et al. 2014b, Rukšāns 2014. ...
Crocus thracicus (Iridaceae), a new species from north-western Turkey
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2015
Crocus thracicus is described as a new species from Thrace, the European part of Turkey. The white form of this species was wrongly referred to an albino form of C. chrysanthus by Mathew in the Flora of Turkey. It grows in open stony places and in sparse Quercus sp. and Paliurus spina-christi clearings at elevations between 45–170 m. It is compared with the morphologically similar C. alexandri and C. weldenii. A description, detailed illustrations, photograps of metaphase plate, karyotype and idiogram of new species are presented.
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Crocus heuffelianus—A New Species for the Bulgarian Flora from Series Verni (Iridaceae)
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
In the Pirin Mountains, at an elevation of around 1000 m, three populations of a new species of Bulgarian flora from the genus Crocus, series Verni, were discovered. The species was compared to the morphologically related C. veluchensis, and presented with diagnostic morphological and anatomical features. Despite the high degree of morphological similarity, the molecular analysis, which included sequences from all related species (C. cvijicii, C. dalmaticus, C. jablanicensis, C. rujanensis, C. sieberi subsp. atticus, and C. veluchensis), distinguished the Pirin Mountains’ populations, and revealed the closest relationship to C. heuffelianus. Despite the C. heuffelianus/C. verni complex’s uncertain taxonomic status, our findings on the local population, based on morphometric, anatomical, molecular, and geographic analyses, indicate its belonging to the putative allotetraploid C. heuffelianus of south-eastern Europe and the Balkans, and an expansion of its range to the southeast. Given the taxonomic uncertainty and unclear phylogenetic relationships of the taxa in the Crocus vernus complex, we considered it appropriate to accept our taxon as Crocus heuffelianus. So far, only C. tommasinianus Herb. has been found in Bulgarian flora from the Crocus series Verni, but in terms of altitude and morphological features, the species from our collection is close to the Balkan endemic C. veluchensis, which belongs to the C. sieberi aggregate. Morphologically, it differs by the dark, heart-shaped spots on the tip of the tepals, and the presence of one bract. A detailed comparative anatomical analysis between the three species of crocuses from the series Verni in Bulgaria shows discrete differences: the width of the white stripe and lacunar area are good distinguishing features, as are the number of conducting vessels.
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BIMËT ENDEMIKE DHE ATO ME PËRHAPJE TË KUFIZUAR PARKU KOMBËTAR "PRESPA"
Book
Full-text available
  • Dec 2021
In the book: "Bimët Endemike dhe ato me Përhapje të Kufizuar, PK “Prespa” (Endemic plants and that with restricted distribution, PK “Prespa)”, have been described 15-plant taxa, restricted endemics that share their habitat between Galichica NP, PresPa NP in Albania and the Prespa NP of Greece. Most of them occur in the Galichica and Dry Mts range. 8-other species, described in this book have been considered as plants with conservation intrest, due to their inclussion on the annexes of the Habitat Directive (92/43/EEC) and Bern convention and 19 other taxa have a restricted distribution range in the Prespa region. Two taxa, Acanthus greuterianus and Viola eximia subsp. tringiana have been described for the first time for the Albanian Flora, so far known as Greece endemics. For all taxa, detailed distribution maps and ecology, habatits of growing supplied with photos and threats have given too.
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Taxonomy and phylogeny of series Verni Mathew (Crocus L.) in Southeastern Europe - morpho-anatomical, cytological and molecular approach
Thesis
Full-text available
  • Oct 2021
The complexity of the series Verni is a result of the questionable taxonomical status of its representatives, followed by the confusing nomenclature, synonyms and high variability of chromosome numbers. The aim of the study is to define the taxonomical status of the cytotypes from Southeastern Europe (C. kosaninii, C. tommasinianus, C. vernus, C. cf. heuffelianus) by combining morpho-anatomical, cytological, molecular and phylogenetic investigations. The estimation of ploidy levels was based on the chromosome numbers and genome sizes, while chloroplast sequences matK-trnQ, trnL-F, ycf1 and GBS methodology were used to disentangle phylogenetic relationships. The species status was confirmed for C. kosaninii, C. tommasinianus and C. vernus. The results suggest that C. heuffelianus sensu stricto represents the diploid 2n=10 cytotype, with mostly glabrous throats and intensive perigone color. The 2n=12 cytotype, with flatter and paler perigone segments, hairy throats, extremely short perigone tubes and white stripe/leaf diameter ratio of 1/7, is described as a new species C. bertiscensis. Crocus heuffelianus s. s. and C. vernus are parental species of all the polyploid cytotypes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of three groups in 2n=18 cytotype: pannonian-illyric (C. vittatus), western (C. scepusiensis) and southern carpathian (C. exiguus). The 2n=20, 22 cytotypes originated from the same polyploidization event. From the aspect of morpho-anatomy, the investigated polyploid cytotypes are representing intermediate forms between parental species and their taxonomical status remains unknown. Since populations from Vojnik and Vranica are characterized by the peculiar set of characters, raising them to the level of the new species is justified.
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A new Serbian endemic species of the genus Crocus (Iridaceae)
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2017
Recent research within the genus Crocus (Iridaceae) let us doubt that Crocus adamii Gay from Serbia represents the same taxon as C. adamii s. str. of the locus classicus in the Caucasian Mountains. The latter belongs to a group of crocuses, which is distributed from the Anatolian Diagonal, a mountain belt in inner Anatolia, to Iran and the Caucasian Mountains. To infer (i) if the Serbian C. adamii represents a new species and (ii) its taxonomical and phylogenetic affiliation within the genus we combined morphological and molecular investigations. The results show the presence of a morphologically and molecularly differentiated lineages, which both share a close relationship e.g. to C. alexandrii, C. chrysanthus, and C. weldenii but not to C. adamii s. str., which indicates a new species. As a result, we here describe C. randjeloviciorum to honor the Serbian botanists Novica and Vladimir Ranđelović.
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Pulević, V. 1976: [Revision of the genus Crocus L. in Yugoslavia]. — Ph.D. thesis, Biotehniški fakultet Univerze u Ljubljani. [In Serbian].
Collection of Papers Devoted to Academician Kiril Micevski on the occasion of the 80 years of his birth
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  • N Ranđelović
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Ranđelović, N., Sekovski, Ž. & Dimeska, G. 2007: Systematic, chorological and genetic research into the genus Crocus L. in Macedonia.-In: Filipovski, G., Lozanovski, R. & Matevski, V. (eds.), Collection of Papers Devoted to Academician Kiril Micevski on the occasion of the 80 years of his birth: 97-131. Macedonian Acad. Sci. & Arts, Skopje. [In Macedonian and English].
Biosystematic study of the genus Crocus L. in Bulgaria.-Avtoreferat na disertacija, Agraren univerzitet, Plovdiv
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Uzundžalieva, K. S. 2005: Biosystematic study of the genus Crocus L. in Bulgaria.-Avtoreferat na disertacija, Agraren univerzitet, Plovdiv. [In Bulgarian with English summary].
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Maw, G. 1886: A monograph of the genus Crocus.-Dulau & Co., London.
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  • Jan 2007
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Tomović, G. 2007: [The phytogeographic position, distribution and centres of diversity in the endemic flora of Serbia].-Ph.D. thesis, Biološki fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu. [In Serbian].