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Positive sexuality and its impact on overall well-being
Abstract
Historically, the issue of sexual health has been largely considered with respect to the associated negative health outcomes. The dangers of sexual activity such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancy, sexual coercion, and sexual violence have dominated the attention of those working in the field. Over the last 20 years, and particularly in the last decade, an increasing number of people from a variety disciplines that address issues of sexual health have developed a new discourse concerning the positive aspects of sexuality. This review of the literature explores this emerging discourse. The results indicate that sexual health, physical health, mental health, and overall well-being are all positively associated with sexual satisfaction, sexual self-esteem, and sexual pleasure. The beneficial effects of sexual satisfaction should be integrated into programs that seek to improve these diverse health outcomes through service delivery, prevention, and sexuality education.
... Rannsóknir hafa lengi sýnt fram á gagnsemi kennslu um kynheilbrigði þá sérstaklega varðandi áhaettukynhegðun, til daemis í ábyrgari ákvörðunum sem sjá má í seinkun á fyrstu samförum, aukinni notkun getnaðarvarna og faerri tilfellum kynsjúkdóma (Jaramillo o.fl., 2017;Mueller o.fl., 2008;Reis o.fl., 2011). Síðustu áratugi hafa baeði rannsóknir á því sviði og námsefni verið að miklu leyti um áhaettukynhegðun og frjósemisheilbrigði, þar sem kynhegðun unglinga er oft talin neikvaeð eða vandraeðahegðun sem geti haft neikvaeðar afleiðingar (Anderson, 2013;Kågesten og Reeuwijk, 2021). Kynheilbrigði unglinga snýst þó ekki einungis um að koma í veg fyrir áhaettukynhegðun og hefur umraeðan á seinni árum orðið jákvaeðari. ...
... Vaxandi áhersla hefur verið lögð á kynferðislega vellíðan, ánaegjulegt kynlíf og tilfinningalega og félagslega faerni sem viðkemur kynheilbrigði (Kågesten og Reeuwijk, 2021;Mitchell o.fl., 2021). Þar með eru jákvaeðar og ánaegjulegar hliðar kynheilbrigðis að fá meiri hljómgrunn og aukin áhersla er til daemis lögð á mikilvaegi sjálfstrausts og kynferðislegrar sjálfsvirðingar (Anderson, 2013). Kynferðisleg sjálfsvirðing (e. sexual self-esteem) vísar til þess sjálfstrausts og vellíðanar einstaklingsins sem kynveru og haefni hans til samskipta um kynheilbrigðismál (Anderson, 2013). ...
... Þar með eru jákvaeðar og ánaegjulegar hliðar kynheilbrigðis að fá meiri hljómgrunn og aukin áhersla er til daemis lögð á mikilvaegi sjálfstrausts og kynferðislegrar sjálfsvirðingar (Anderson, 2013). Kynferðisleg sjálfsvirðing (e. sexual self-esteem) vísar til þess sjálfstrausts og vellíðanar einstaklingsins sem kynveru og haefni hans til samskipta um kynheilbrigðismál (Anderson, 2013). Rannsóknir hafa bent á mikilvaegi kynferðislegrar sjálfsvirðingar, til daemis í tengslum við kynferðislega ánaegju (Anderson, 2013;Ménard og Offman, 2009;Peixoto o.fl., 2018). ...
Tilgangur Á Íslandi eru fáar rannsóknir um hvernig kennslu um kynheilbrigði er háttað í skólum og hvaða skoðanir unglingar hafa á henni. Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að skoða mat framhaldsskólanema á gæðum kennslu um kynheilbrigði út frá kennsluháttum, fræðsluþörfum og kynferðislegri sjálfsvirðingu. Aðferð Rannsóknin var þversniðsrannsókn. Valdir voru ellefu framhaldsskólar víðs vegar á landinu með tilgangsúrtaksaðferð. Í úrtakinu voru 2.488 nemendur, 18 ára og eldri. Könnunin var lögð fyrir í janúar 2022. Gagnagreining byggðist á lýsandi tölfræði og tilgátuprófunum með Pearson kí-kvaðrat prófi. Marktektarmörk miðuðust við p<0,05. Niðurstöður Alls svöruðu 648 nemendur (26%) könnuninni og voru konur fleiri en karlar. Tvær af þremur tilgátum um viðhorf unglinga til kennsluhátta og fræðsluþarfa stóðust en sú þriðja stóðst að takmörkuðu leyti. Marktækur munur var á viðhorfum nemenda sem töldu sig hafa fengið góða kennslu samanborið við þá sem töldu hana síðri varðandi fjölbreytni kennsluaðferða (p<0,001), hæfni kennsluaðila (p<0,001), uppfyllingu fræðsluþarfa (p<0,001), gæði svara (p<0,001) auk upplýsinga um getnaðarvarnir (p<0,001) og kynsjúkdóma (p<0,001). Mat á gæðamun kennslunnar út frá kynferðislegri sjálfsvirðingu sýndi aðeins marktækan mun á tveimur af fimm atriðum sem voru: „Ég á auðvelt með að standa með sjálfri/u/um mér þegar setja þarf mörk í kynlífi“ (p<0,05) og „Ég er óhrædd/tt/ur að standa á mínu ef kynlífsfélagi þrýstir á mig“ (p<0,05). Ályktanir Um þriðjungur þátttakenda lýsti ánægju sinni með kennslu um kynheilbrigði. Góð kennsla um kynheilbrigði að þeirra mati felst í kennsluháttum og hversu vel hún mætir fræðsluþörfum þeirra. Leggja þarf meiri áherslu á jákvæðar hliðar kynverundar í kennslu líkt og kynferðislega sjálfsvirðingu.
... Sexual satisfaction is an important aspect of sexual health and well-being (Anderson, 2013;Henderson et al., 2009). Rather than the absence of sexual problems, definitions of sexual satisfaction include personal sexual well-being and aspects of the dyadic relationship, such as the presence of mutuality, orgasm, romance, creativity, and pleasure (Pascoal et al., 2014). ...
... Sexual self-esteem is one of the important core domains of sexual well-being and may contribute to sexual pleasure (Anderson, 2013;Mitchell et al., 2021). Sexual self-esteem has been defined as the person's sense of self as a sexual being, including self-appraisals of sexual feelings, thoughts, and behaviors as well as perceptions of sexual acceptability and sexual identity (Mayers et al., 2003;Zeanah & Schwarz, 1996). ...
... In fact, the frequency of solitary masturbation has been associated with higher sexual self-esteem (Rodr ıguez-Dom ınguez et al., 2022). It is plausible that more sexual pleasure contributes to developing higher sexual self-esteem and vice versa, higher sexual self-esteem may increase opportunities for sexual pleasure (Anderson, 2013). But we know very little about the associations between mutual masturbation and sexual self-esteem. ...
Objectives
We explored mutual masturbation among women and men and investigated associations with sexual satisfaction and sexual self-esteem.
Methods
117 women and 151 men (Mage = 29.7 years), mostly heterosexual, all in current relationships, completed an online survey covering experiences of solo and partnered sexual activities, feelings about mutual masturbation, sexual self-esteem, and sexual satisfaction.
Results
Mutual masturbation was common among both genders. Men reported significantly higher positive feelings about mutual masturbation than women. Recent mutual masturbation was positively associated with sexual satisfaction but not with sexual self-esteem.
Conclusions
These findings have implications for sex and couple therapy and research.
... One such mechanism is sexual agency 2 ; namely, the capability to express sexual desires and preferences and communicate sexual expectations and boundaries (Anderson, 2013;Kiefer & Sanchez, 2007). In the current research, we define and operationalize sexual agency as 'the ability to act according to one's own wishes and have control of one's own sexual life' (Fahs & McClelland, 2016, p. 396). ...
... Theoretically, such understanding can shed light on whether gender differences in sexuality are driven by nature or nurture (see . Practically, it represents an essential stride in the advancement of interventions aimed at enhancing women's sexual functioning, which is a fundamental aspect of their overall health and well-being (Anderson, 2013). ...
Objectification theory predicts that women's self‐objectification should lead to sexual dysfunction, yet previous studies failed to provide consistent support for this prediction. The present research—which used two sufficiently powered samples and a self‐objectification measurement (SOBBS) with improved psychometric qualities and content validity than previous measurements—found support for the expected association between self‐objectification and sexual dysfunction among heterosexual women in Israel and the United States (N = 404 and 366, M age = 30.59 and 36.93, respectively). We also examined two novel potential mediators of this association, entitlement for pleasure and sexual agency (i.e., the capability to express sexual desires and boundaries), and found that the latter mediated the link between self‐objectification and sexual dysfunction. The mediators originally proposed by objectification theory (i.e. appearance anxiety, body shame, awareness of internal body states and flow) failed to mediate this link. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.
... We used Williams et al.'s (2015Williams et al.'s ( , 2020 Framework of Positive Sexuality (FPS) to guide the research process. Positive sexuality adopts a strengths-based approach to sexuality and sexuality research and focuses on how people use their individual strengths and resources to overcome challenges and be fulfilled in their unique sexualities (Anderson, 2013). This theoretical framework emphasizes choice, empowerment, and diversity (Williams et al., 2015) and recognizes "individual sexual expressions as valid, consensual, healthy and meaningful" (Nimbi et al., 2022, p. 895). ...
... While existing research has focused on the negative impacts of sex work stigma on romantic relationship quality, our research adopted a strengths-based positive sexuality perspective (Anderson, 2013;Williams et al., 2015) to examine how sex workers and their romantic partners might resist this stigma to maintain the quality of their relationship. Research with other types of romantic relationships has shown that developing coping strategies is a key way that partners deal with interpersonal stressors (Finkel et al., 2017;Randall & Bodenmann, 2009). ...
Romantic relationships are an important part of our social identities and well-being. In this paper, we report on qualitative findings with thirty Canadian couples, interviewed together, where it was known that one or both partners sell sexual services for a living. We asked a series of open-ended questions related to the background of the couple's relationship, their day-to-day interactions and work-related stressors. Participants talked about the ongoing negotiations they engage in as a couple, the benefits of being open to each other about working in the sex industry, and how they manage its emotional toll on their partnership. We conclude that there are various ways that sex workers are able to maintain intimacy in their romantic relationships after sex work has been disclosed. Widespread social stigma attached to sex work, complicated by criminalization in countries such as Canada, nevertheless threatens relationship quality in the long run.
... Sexuality deals with procreation, but mainly with pleasure. However, it should be accepted that sexuality includes a continuum of behaviors, thoughts, fantasies, acts, and attractions that are beyond procreation [1]. The modern sexology of the 21st century introduced the concept of gender and sexual fluidity to describe how gender and sexual orientation vary and are flexible over time. ...
... They are actually about openness, trust, and a strong sense of connection with another person, but also individuality is important. Research has demonstrated the importance of intimacy and sex for our mental and emotional health, and regular sexual activity has been associated with reduced levels of stress and better mood [1]. Intimacy could be impacted by "sextech" positively as well as negatively. ...
... Healthy adolescent sexuality development is, in accordance with the definition by WHO (21), more than just the absence of diseases and requires emotional, social, and cognitive skills to enable a sense of well-being in relation to sexuality (22,23). Furthermore, Kågesten and van Reeuwijk (14) have conceptualized a sexual well-being framework for positive sexual health development in adolescents and argue that there are six key competencies needed: (a) sexual literacy, (b) gender-equitable attitudes, (c) respect for human rights and understanding of consent, (d) critical reflection skills, (e) coping skills and stress management, (f) interpersonal relationship skills. ...
... Sexual health awareness (4/16) was the least studied focus area. Previous research and theory highlight the importance of a positive approach to sexual health (14,(21)(22)(23), and there are, according to Kågesten and Reeuwijk (14) several key competencies that are particularly important for the development of adolescent sexual health and well-being. These competencies are sexual literacy, gender-equitable attitudes, respect for human rights and understanding of consent, critical reflection skills, coping skills, stress management and interpersonal relationship skills. ...
Introduction
Sexual ill-health is an urgent public health issue with subsequent social and economic costs. There is, therefore, a need for more effective sexual health promotion interventions in an early stage of life. Previous research has focused on preventive sexual health interventions applying a risk perspective, and the limited and scattered evidence concerning school-based sexual health promotion interventions employing a health-resource perspective has not been compiled and synthesized. Hence, this study aimed to systematically review the current evidence on the effects of sexual health promotion interventions conducted in schools in Europe.
Method
A systematic review based on the JBI and PRISMA standards was performed, encompassing searches in seven databases to identify sexual health promotion interventions conducted in European schools between 2012 and 2022. Data coding was performed according to a predetermined protocol and included information on study characteristics, intervention content, methods, and outcomes relevant to the current review. A narrative synthesis of the included studies was performed, highlighting the collective results.
Result
Seventeen records were included in the review, reporting on 16 individual studies conducted in 7 European countries. Of the 16 included studies, 13 had a quantitative research design, and three had a qualitative design. All three studies with a qualitative research design described positive effects experienced by the participants. Six of thirteen quantitative studies showed statistically significant positive effects on at least one of the outcomes of interest. The outcomes of interest were grouped into five areas, and most studies focused on the area of attitudes toward sexual health.
Conclusion
The findings indicate promising evidence of effect for interventions with a health promotion approach, highlighting the importance of strengthening sexual health resources related to respect, communication skills, attitudes, and other positive psycho-social aspects of sexual health. Most sexual health promotion intervention studies have focused on sexual health resource outcomes connected to attitudes and skills, whereas a comprehensive focus on the multi-dimensional sexual health literacy concept is less common and can be recommended to be included in future intervention research.
... Similarly, sexual satisfaction can be influenced both by positive factors (relationship satisfaction, self-esteem, pleasure) and negative factors (such as threats of failure and its consequences). As a result, sexual wellbeing is derived from positive sexual experiences, negatively affected by SD and modulated by cognitive mechanisms [7]. Thus, it is crucial to recognize MWE as a marginalized population and conduct studies on their SWB, sexual satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing, especially in the LAC context. ...
... PPIs are effective for the promotion of psychological wellbeing and represent an alternative to treating populations with depression, anxiety, and stress. For men, these interventions promote selfkindness and resilience, skills that can foster positive masculinity [7]. As with men with other disabilities, positive male conceptions in MWE could help improve wellbeing, mental health and increase sexual satisfaction [10]. ...
... While the definition was created for healthy adults, sexuality is also essential for a good quality of life (QoL) among people living with chronic disorders [2]. Yet, this specific population is much more prone to sexual dysfunctions and dissatisfaction with sexual life [3]. A vast body of literature has been published on the harmful effects of numerous chronic diseases on sexual health, involving neurological, vascular, urologic, gynecologic, and hormonal disorders [2]. ...
Sexual health, a critical aspect of overall well-being, is often compromised in individuals with chronic disorders. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that mainly affects intertriginous areas, potentially impacting sexual health as a result of its specific symptoms and psychosocial burden.
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the EpiCAi project, focusing on 199 patients with HS. Participants completed digital questionnaires assessing sexual health via sex-specific instruments: the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for women and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for men, alongside different psychosocial scales. The disease severity was assessed using the Hurley stage and the Lesion Identification Scheme for Acne Inversa (LISAI).
The majority of the participants reported impaired sexual health, with significant clinical sexual dysfunctions noted in 71.8% of women (FSFI score < 26) and erectile dysfunction in 63.8% of men. Sexual dysfunction was associated with several factors, including age, and marital status. Psychosocial factors, notably depression and quality of life, showed strong correlations with sexual health outcomes. Notably, women over 40 and those treated with biologics reported more severe dysfunction, while among men, employment status significantly influenced sexual health.
HS profoundly affects the sexual health of both male and female patients, with significant impacts on their quality of life and psychological well-being. The findings underscore the necessity for healthcare providers to address sexual health proactively in the management of HS, considering both physical symptoms and psychosocial impacts. This holistic approach is essential for improving patient outcomes and overall quality of life.
German Register for Clinical Trials, identifier DRKS00025315.
... However, sexual satisfaction has been the most extensively studied positive indicator of sexuality to date (Syme et al., 2013;Sánchez-Fuentes et al., 2014), with the sex positive perspective gaining popularity only in recent years (Nimbi et al., 2021). Positive sexuality dimensions, including sexual satisfaction, have been linked to both personal and relational variables, including better physical and mental health and higher relationship satisfaction, respectively (Anderson, 2013;Sánchez-Fuentes et al., 2014;Sánchez-Fuentes and Sierra, 2015). Indeed, individuals with better physical health and healthier lifestyles report higher sexual satisfaction, sexual pleasure, and sexual desire (Flynn et al., 2016;Mollaioli et al., 2020;Gianotten et al., 2021). ...
Introduction
Positive sexuality, defined as the happiness and fulfillment individuals derive from their sexual experiences, expressions, and behaviors, has been linked to relationship satisfaction and health. However, the intricate associations between positive sexuality and relationship functioning and health indicators have rarely been explored from a network perspective. This approach, by analyzing the interconnections among these factors within a broader system, can offer insights into complex dynamics and identify key variables for targeted interventions.
Methods
The present study applied network analysis to uncover interconnections between positive sexuality, relationship satisfaction, and health indicators, highlight the most relevant variables and explore potential gender-based differences in a sample of 992 partnered individuals (51% women, aged 18–71 years). Networks were estimated via Gaussian Graphical Models, and network comparison test was used to compare men and women.
Results
Results indicated that variables related to positive sexuality were more highly interconnected than the rest of the network. There were small-to-negligible connections between positive sexuality and relationship satisfaction variables, both of which had negligible or no connections with health. The network was globally invariant across gender, though a few connections were gender-specific. The most important variables, regardless of gender, related to pleasurable feelings during sexual intercourse.
Discussion
The findings underscore the importance of enhancing positive sexual experiences within intimate relationships and have implications for research and clinical practice in positive sexuality.
... Previous research has suggested that ADHD might also go along with peculiarities in sexual functioning and sexual wellbeing [12,13]. Thereby, a healthy sexuality is closely related to overall well-being and overall quality of life [14]. This is all the more important since sexuality is frequently neglected during clinical visits, despite patients regularly expressing a desire to talk about their sexuality with their healthcare providers [15,16]. ...
Previous research has found some peculiarities in sexual functioning of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a set of questionnaires that had to be answered online, we assessed the prevalence of paraphilic fantasies and behaviors in a sample of 160 adults with ADHD in comparison to 75 adults without ADHD and evaluated the association between paraphilias and hypersexuality in the ADHD group. Both groups reported high rates of paraphilic fantasies and behaviors. ADHD individuals were more likely to report about very sexually arousing paraphilic fantasies (ADHD: 58.2% vs. non-ADHD: 40.5%; χ² = 6.323, p = 0.01) and behaviors (ADHD: 44.9% vs. non-ADHD: 28.4%; χ² = 5.774, p = 0.02). Furthermore, ADHD individuals reported on average about more very sexually arousing paraphilic behaviors compared to non-ADHD individuals (ADHD: M = 1.28, SD = 0.10 vs. non-ADHD: M = 0.81, SD = 0.09; T = 2.68, p < 0.01). Furthermore, in ADHD individuals both very sexually arousing paraphilic interests in masturbation fantasies (r(158) = 0.17, p = 0.03) and in sexual behaviors (r(158) =0.19, p = 0.02) showed a significant correlation with hypersexuality. In non-ADHD individuals no such significant correlation could be found. Altogether, it can be concluded that individuals with ADHD seem to be more prone to develop and act out paraphilic sexuality than those without ADHD, however, found differences were rather small. The results of the present study add to the current trend to depathologize paraphilic sexuality in the general as well as in clinical populations.
... Ocurre un discurso emergente en casi cualquier lugar de que resulta aceptable y virtualmente "normal" cualquier variación sexual, identidad de género y fluidez sexual (34-36), entendiendo esa fluidez como los cambios en las atracciones e identidad de la propia orientación sexual. Suele considerarse que la salud sexual, así como la física, mental y el bienestar general se asocian positivamente con la satisfacción, autoestima y correspondientes disfrutes (37). Ahora bien, es preciso reconocer que tanto en hombres como en mujeres pueden existir e influir al respecto y de manera anómala, episódica, recurrente o crónica diversos trastornos sexuales del comportamiento y de las condiciones relacionadas con la salud sexual, así como ciertos trastornos mentales, del comportamiento y del neurodesarrollo. ...
Doctor y Licenciado en Medicina y Cirugía; Médico Especialista en Psiquiatría; Licenciado en Psicología. jmbertolin@comv.es https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8934-8051 Resumen La presente aportación versa acerca del amor y el deseo sexual, así como de su es-casamente documentada neurofisiología; también, de sus relaciones con la salud sexual y la mental, que incluye esta últi-ma los trastornos mentales, del comporta-miento y del neurodesarrollo. Estas cues-tiones se abordarán sucintamente desde una perspectiva eminentemente científica. Se han escrutado varios repertorios biblio-gráficos electrónicos cualificados interna-cionales y nacionales, sin pretender una imposible exhaustividad. Se constata que la información de calidad al respecto es extremadamente limitada, heterogénea y a menudo subjetiva o con sesgos deficien-temente controlados. Según los hallazgos, resultan probables las diferencias psicofi-siológicas para el amor y el deseo según sea el sexo y género de las personas, lo que sucede igualmente cuando concurren psi-copatologías. El mecanismo regulador de la excitación sexual es complejo en sus corre-latos neuronales y todavía son inciertas las bases neurofisiológicas correspondientes. Los trastornos mentales con influencia po-tencialmente más distorsionadora sobre el amor y el deseo sexual son los del estado de ánimo y, obviamente, los parafílicos. Se necesita investigar más y con mayor rigor acerca de la psiconeurobiología subyacente a estas cuestiones usuales.
... Aunque el desarrollo de la sexualidad es un proceso normativo en los adolescentes, existen diversos factores que pueden implicar riesgos para su salud sexual. La maduración física y psicológica, el no recibir suficiente información de padres u otras fuentes formales, el consumo de alcohol y las dificultades para evaluar riesgos y consecuencias de la conducta sexual pueden llevar a comportamientos sexuales de riesgo (Abad-Villaverde, 2022;Anderson, 2013;Dixon-Mueller, 2011;Lindberg et al., 2016;UNAIDS, 2004;Vasilenko et al., 2014). Dentro de las principales problemáticas en esta población se encuentra el embarazo, las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, el abuso y violencia sexual, la discriminación de género, etc. ...
... Sexual satisfaction is a crucial aspect of sexual health and well-being (Anderson, 2013). Rather than the lack of sexual problems, definitions of sexual satisfaction include aspects of the dyadic connection such as mutuality, orgasm, romance, creativity, and pleasure (Pascoal et al., 2014). ...
This quantitative study explores the rich tapestry of early childhood interactions and their substantial impact on a number of adult well-being variables. Using a broad sample size, the study seeks to identify the intricate relationships between early experiences and adult sexual satisfaction, body image, self-esteem, and positive and negative affect. The study uses a quantitative methodology, gathering data from a sizable and varied cohort with the use of surveys and standardised instruments. Early childhood connections are seen as a complex construct that includes impacts from peers, families, and society at large. The study looks for patterns and links between these variables using statistical analyses and correlation models. The findings of this research could make a substantial contribution to the domains of sociology, psychology, and human development by illuminating the long-term effects of early connections.
... In both sex research and health care there has been a shift in focus from disease and dysfunction to experiential dimensions ─ i.e., sexual satisfaction, sexual self-efficacy, sexual self-esteem and sexual pleasure (also called sex-positive approach) (Doorduin & van Berlo, 2014;Ford et al., 2019;Klooster, Knutson, & Matsuno, 2023;Laan, Klein, Werner, van Lunsen, & Janssen, 2021). Researchers have found that positive sexual experiences not only have a beneficial impact on an individual's sexual health, but also contribute to improvements in mental and physical well-being (Anderson, 2013;Marinelli et al., 2023;Nikkelen & Kreukels, 2018). ...
... 9 A review summarized that SS is a relevant construct in terms of positive sexuality and that different positive aspects of sexuality could improve mental and physical health as well as overall well-being. 12 In addition, the link between SS and quality of life has been demonstrated cross-culturally, including Chinese women. 13 Regarding the association between SS and female sexual function, many validation studies have examined the correlation by using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) as a criterion to assess validity, 14,15 while currently no similar assessment has been performed in the validation of the NSSS-Short Form (NSSS-S). ...
Background
Existing research on sexual satisfaction has been carried out primarily in Western samples, lacking insights from less sexually permissive cultures such as China, particularly in the case of heterosexual and sexual minority women.
Aim
This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the New Sexual Satisfaction Scale–Short Form (NSSS-S) in a sample of Chinese women with diverse sexual identities.
Methods
The standard forward-backward translation procedure and cognitive debriefing were conducted to translate the NSSS-S into Mandarin Chinese (NSSS-SC). The psychometric properties of the NSSS-SC were assessed in this cross-sectional survey.
Outcomes
The primary outcome measure was the NSSS-S. The World Health Organization Quality of Life–Abbreviated Form, the Positive Sexuality Scale, the Female Sexual Function Index, and a single-item measure of sexual satisfaction were used to test the measure’s validity.
Results
A total of 336 Chinese women were recruited, with an average age of 26.82 years (SD, 6.03; range, 18-56). The 1-dimensional model had a good fit to the data and was invariant across 2 sexual identity groups (cisgender heterosexual and sexual minority women) and age. The NSSS-SC had good reliability; no significant floor and ceiling effects were observed. We found moderate to strong correlations between the NSSS-SC scores and the sexual satisfaction, sexual function, positive sexuality, and quality-of-life indicators. On average, cisgender heterosexual women were characterized by higher sexual satisfaction scores when compared with sexual minority women.
Clinical Translation
The NSSS-SC can be used as a reliable and culturally appropriate measure of sexual satisfaction in women of different ages and sexual identities, which could be used in future sex-related surveys.
Strengths and Limitations
This study is the first to translate the NSSS-S into Chinese and validate the NSSS-SC in a sample of Chinese women with varied sexual identities. However, this study recruited only female participants; future studies should also validate the NSSS-SC in Chinese men.
Conclusion
The NSSS-SC is linguistically equivalent to the original scale and has solid psychometric properties, which can be used to assess sexual satisfaction levels in diverse samples of Chinese women.
... Sexual health is a cornerstone of overall well-being for individuals, couples, and families, making it a vital component of social and economic development [1,2]. The multifaceted importance of sexual health is underscored by its diverse benefits. ...
Sexual function is a vital component of overall well-being and quality of life. Physical activity is known to have a profound influence on various aspects of health, but its impact on sexual function in the general population remains an under-explored area. This systematic review seeks to thoroughly examine existing evidence, aiming to establish the correlation between physical activity and sexual function in both male and female adults. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases and relevant sources, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were those that investigated the effects of physical activity on sexual function using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF-5) questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Quality assessment was performed on the included studies, and the findings were synthesized through qualitative analysis. The review identified 12 randomized controlled trials, primarily focusing on males, with interventions ranging from home-based walking to structured exercise training. Only two studies were conducted among females. The most recommended exercise was aerobic exercise. Consistent aerobic exercise proves to be a hopeful and efficient non-drug intervention for enhancing erectile function in men. However, when considering the effects of physical exercise programs on sexual function and the quality of sexual life of females, the results present challenges in drawing clear conclusions. Health policymakers play an important role in providing guidelines and recommendations to healthcare professionals, encouraging them to prescribe exercise as a preferable alternative to pharmacological treatments for enhancing sexual functions in both men and women.
... This can eliminate many societal issues like HIV/AIDS, unintended pregnancy, sexual coercion, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and sexual violence. Sexual health education in school can develop people's mindset towards positive sexuality (Anderson, 2013;Benzaken et al., 2011;McManus & Dhar, 2008;Weaver et al., 2005). Sexual health education can improve physical, emotional and social wellbeing. ...
The study investigates students’ perspectives on incorporating sexual health education into the curriculum of secondary schools in rural Bangalore. Focused on assessing how such education impacts students’ physical and psychological well-being, confidence, and ability to make informed decisions, the research collected data from 981 students across 6th to 10th grades. A structured questionnaire, measured on a five-point Likert scale, explored students’ perceptions of sexual health education and its outcomes. After a meticulous data cleaning process, which included outlier removal, the study utilized a final sample of 900 students. IBM SPSS 25 and AMOS 25 facilitated the statistical analysis. The findings underscore the significant positive effect of sexual health education on students’ confidence levels. It highlights how this form of education aids in maintaining personal hygiene and fosters balanced decision-making skills among students. The study’s results advocate for the implementation of sexual health education in schools, emphasizing its role in enhancing student wellbeing and confidence. Additionally, it contributes to defining the scope and framework of a sexual health education curriculum from the students’ perspective in rural Bangalore schools, aligning educational objectives with the actual needs and perceptions of the student body.
... We argue here that greater academic weight should be expended on offering amelioration to tangible sexual exclusion whilst trying to carefully avoid 'reinforcing discriminatory and oppressive social regimes' [12, p. 483]. The sexual citizenship needs of disabled people are well-documented and their neglect is, in turn, correlated with a decrease in happiness, mental health, flourishing, and overall well-being [1][2][17][18][19][20][21][22], Therefore, and in short, we side with Edmund Burke: 'In a connection, the most inconsiderable man, by adding to the weight of the whole, has his value, and his use; out of it, the greatest talents are wholly unserviceable to the public' [23 p. 146]. ...
This article responds to Ezio Di Nucci’s recent publication on the demoralisation of sex and continues to defend the practical focus of the Sex Doula Programme and the sexual citizenship of disabled people against Di Nucci’s meta-ethical debate over the metaphysical status of sex rights. We emphasis that our programme, a work of praxis, is targeted specifically at resolving or ameliorating the practical sexual citizenship needs disabled people. In this rejoinder, we identify that Ezio Di Nucci’s meta ethical shift necessarily results in paralysis in which no further ameliorations can obtain until such time that sex is ‘demoralised’. This paralysis is prejudicious on society’s disadvantaged and is unacceptable. In response, we identify analogous rights that have had practical resolutions despite their moral ‘indeterminacy’ and argue that there is no reason to stop the development of a sex doula programme simply because it is complicated to enact. We maintain that disabled people deserve sexual citizenship and that a just society owes them equity in this regard. Finally, we acknowledge that developing such a programme is not without its challenges and that maintain get safety of other vulnerable groups is important, advocating that, instead of expending efforts to analyse how such a programme could not operate due to the ambiguous nature of sex rights, it would be better if they were spent contributing to the safe development of the programme itself.
... Les discours scientifiques sur la sexualité des jeunes ont évolué au fil du temps, passant d'un discours centré sur les risques sexuels, dont les infections transmissibles sexuellement et par le sang (ITSS) et les grossesses non désirées, à un discours plus positif misant sur le potentiel de la sexualité. Une telle approche ne vise pas à banaliser les risques possibles liés à la sexualité, mais plutôt à mettre de l'avant et à promouvoir l'importance et le potentiel des expériences sexuelles sur les jeunes (Anderson, 2013). Les expériences amoureuses et sexuelles sont considérées comme normatives pour le développement et saines pour la santé des jeunes (Diamond et Savin-Williams, 2011). ...
Le présent chapitre visait à documenter : 1) les expériences relationnelles et sexuelles des jeunes; 2) le fonctionnement sexuel des jeunes selon le genre et; 3) les stratégies que les jeunes déploient lorsqu’ils vivent des difficultés dans leur vie amoureuse et sexuelle et les démarches de recherche d’aide qu’ils entreprennent.
... Because of the highly rewarding properties of sexual acts, sex is now regarded as a source of happiness and well-being (Anderson, 2013;Flynn et al., 2016;Mitchell et al., 2021). However, contrary to popular belief, the association between sexual frequency and happiness is curvilinear rather than linear. ...
Sexual motivation is an abstract concept referring to the mechanisms determining the responsivity to sexually relevant stimuli. This responsivity determines the likelihood of producing a sexual response and the intensity of that response. Both responsivity to stimuli and the likelihood of making a response as well as the intensity of response are characteristics of an individual. Therefore, we need to assume that the concept of sexual motivation materializes in physiological mechanisms within the individual. The aim of the present communication is to analyze the requisites for the endeavor to materialize sexual motivation. The first requisite is to provide an operational definition, making the concept quantifiable. We show that parameters of copulatory behavior are inappropriate. We argue that the intensity of sexual approach behaviors provides the best estimate of sexual motivation in non-human animals, whereas the magnitude of genital responses is an exquisite indicator of human sexual motivation. Having assured how to quantify sexual motivation, we can then proceed to the search for physiological or neurobiological underpinnings. In fact, sexual motivation only manifests itself in animals exposed to appropriate amounts of gonadal hormones. In female rats, the estrogen receptor α in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is necessary for the expression of sexual approach behaviors. In male rats, androgen receptors within the medial preoptic area are crucial. Thus, in rats sexual motivation can be localized to specific brain structures, and even to specific cells within these structures. In humans, it is not even known if sexual motivation is materialized in the brain or in peripheral structures. Substantial efforts have been made to determine the relationship between the activity of neurotransmitters and the intensity of sexual motivation, particularly in rodents. The results of this effort have been meager. Likewise, efforts of finding drugs to stimulate sexual motivation, particularly in women complaining of low sexual desire, have produced dismal results. In sum, it appears that the abstract concept of sexual motivation can be reliably quantified, and the neurobiological bases can be described in non-human animals. In humans, objective quantification is feasible, but the neurobiological substrate remains enigmatic.
... 2020). Sürekli ve doyum verici bir cinsel işlev, fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlık ile ilişkilidir (Anderson 2013, Bach ve ark. 2013, Jackson ve ark. ...
Objective: Coronavirus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) pandemic that has caused the death of thousands of people affected negatively not only people’s physical wellbeing but also their mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual function, depression, anxiety and stress, and fear of COVID-19 of individuals according to gender and sexual orientation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: The questionnaire form included sociodemographic data form, the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-Short Form (DASS-21), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). The form was distributed on social media platforms.
Results: 1593 sexually active participants were included in the study. 47.5% of the participants were females and 52.5% were males. 86.9% of them were heterosexuals and 13.1% were lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. ASEX, DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress, and FCV-19S scores were significantly higher in females than males (p<0.001). When anxiety, depression, stress, and fear of COVID-19 were controlled, level of sexual dysfunction continued to be higher in women. We found that while the ASEX and FCV-19S scores were similar between the heterosexuals and LGBs (respectively p=0.66 and p=0.31), the DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scores were higher in LGBs (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Our results reveal the effect of the pandemic period on female sexual functions and the importance of addressing this topic in clinical practice and research.
Keywords: Sexual Dysfunction, Mental Health, Gender, Sexual Orientation, COVID-19
... Among adolescents, deficits in these arenas have been shown to produce less frequent use of protection against unplanned pregnancy and sexual transmitted infections (STIs) and less sexual experience (Impett et al., 2006). In contrast, higher levels of sexual agency and related concepts have been shown to produce improved physical and mental health, better knowledge of and communication around sexual health, and increased contraceptive and condom use (Anderson, 2013;Bell et al., 2017;Rostosky et al., 2008). ...
The present investigation is part of the Social Networks and Agency Project (SNAP), an 18-month longitudinal mixed methods study following adolescents located in New South Wales, Australia. The SNAP study aims to understand how online and offline social networks impact the development of sexual agency over time. This paper presents an analysis of the second interview time point in the SNAP study. Fifty adolescents (aged 14–17) completed a semi-structured interview either face-to-face or via Skype about their romantic relationships, including where they get their sexual health information and how they flirt (both online and offline). Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. The core theme was: Young people clearly demonstrate emerging sexual agency. The three characterizing themes were: (1) Young people have complex schemas about flirting, dating, and entering romantic and sexual relationships; (2) Young people have high literacy in social media, traditional media and pornography; and (3) Peers influence most aspects of developing sexual agency, including sex and relationship attitudes. We discuss possible methods to utilize adolescents’ social networks in facilitating the development of sexual agency.
... Men have sex not only to fulfil their sexual desire or sexual satisfaction but also to possess emotional connection and intimacy, psychological stability and physical health 1,2 . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), sexual health is defined as "a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality; it is not merely the absence of disease, dysfunction or infirmity" (WHO sexual health). ...
Conditions referred to as 'male sexual dysfunctions' usually include erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory disorders and male hypogonadism. However, some less common male sexual disorders exist, which are under-recognized and under-treated, leading to considerable morbidity, with adverse effects on individuals' sexual health and relationships. Such conditions include post-finasteride syndrome, restless genital syndrome, post-orgasmic illness syndrome, post-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) sexual dysfunction, hard-flaccid syndrome, sleep-related painful erections and post-retinoid sexual dysfunction. Information about these disorders usually originates from case-control trials or small case series; thus, the published literature is scarce. As the aetiology of these diseases has not been fully elucidated, the optimal investigational work-up and therapy are not well defined, and the available options cannot, therefore, adequately address patients' sexual problems and implement appropriate treatment. Thus, larger-scale studies - including prospective trials and comprehensive case registries - are crucial to better understand the aetiology, prevalence and clinical characteristics of these conditions. Furthermore, collaborative efforts among researchers, health-care professionals and patient advocacy groups will be essential in order to develop evidence-based guidelines and novel therapeutic approaches that can effectively address these disorders. By advancing our understanding and refining treatment strategies, we can strive towards improving the quality of life and fostering healthier sexual relationships for individuals suffering from these rare sexual disorders.
... Sexual health is an important indicator of health and well-being across the life course. 1 As a component of sexual health, sexual activity has been shown to be associated with a number of benefits for health among older adults, 2 including maintaining higher physical activity/energy levels, 3 improving mental and physical health outcomes, 1 reducing all-cause mortality, 4 and facilitating the ageing process. 3 Sexual activity declines with increasing age and this may be one reason why older adults' sexual activity has been neglected. ...
Background
Sexual activity is important to the holistic health of older adults. However, the sexual lives of older adults are understudied. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of sexual activity and sexual satisfaction among older adults in China.
Methods
In this multi-centre cross-sectional study, individuals aged 50 years and older were recruited from four regions in China between June 2020 and December 2022. An investigator-administered questionnaire was completed to collect information on socio-demographics, health status (general health and specific health), and sexual health characteristics. Sexual activity (including vaginal, oral, or anal sex) in the past year was treated as sexually active. Sexual satisfaction was measured using a validated five-point Likert scale. Logistic regression was used to assess correlates of sexual activity and sexual satisfaction.
Findings
3001 older adults (1182 women and 1819 men, mean age 60.3 ± 7.8 years) were recruited. Most participants were living in urban areas (1688, 56.2%), in a stable relationship (2531, 84.3%), and satisfied with life (2141, 71.3%). 46.8% of men and 40.7% of women were sexually active. Better self-reported general health status (good: aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34–0.82; fair: 0.47, 0.29–0.76; bad or very bad: 0.58, 0.35–0.96; versus very good), no difficulty walking upstairs (0.63, 0.41–0.97), diabetes (0.64, 0.42–0.98), and menopause (0.57, 0.36–0.92), were associated with sexual activity among women. Such an association was not found among men. Among sexually active participants, about three-quarters (men: 73.6%, women: 73.4%) were sexually satisfied. Self-reported general health status (men [good: 0.25, 0.12–0.53; fair: 0.17, 0.08–0.37; bad or very bad: 0.15, 0.06–0.34]; women [good: 0.27, 0.10–0.70; fair: 0.11, 0.04–0.30; bad or very bad: 0.11, 0.04–0.32]), life satisfaction (men: 1.73, 1.22–2.46; women: 2.23, 1.34–3.71) and talking about sexual preferences with a partner (men: 1.77, 1.23–2.56; women: 2.93, 1.69–5.09) were associated with sexual satisfaction.
Interpretation
Older adults who had better health status and talked easily with their partners about their sex life were more likely to report sexual satisfaction. For women, better self-reported general health status and lack of disability were associated with sexual activity. Further research should address measures that improve sexual satisfaction, especially among sexually active older adults.
Funding
This study was supported by the 10.13039/501100001809Natural Science Foundation of China International/Regional Research Collaboration Project [72061137001] and the 10.13039/501100000269Economic and Social Research Council [ES/T014547/1].
... Therefore, this study is of particular importance as it is the first of its kind to examine sexual dysfunction in individuals with primary MPS affecting the neck and upper back. The impact of sexual life extends beyond temporal boundaries and encompasses interconnected dimensions of physical, mental, emotional, general, and overall health [22,23]. All these interrelated health types are positively associated with quality sex life, sexual satisfaction, and sexual selfesteem. ...
Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a prevalent chronic musculoskeletal pain disorder that is frequently encountered in clinical practice and can cause sexual dysfunction in women. While there have been studies examining sexual function in various painful rheumatic conditions, particularly fibromyalgia, no studies have been conducted specifically on primary MPS. In this context, we aimed to investigate the frequency of sexual intercourse and the factors associated with it in women diagnosed with MPS. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study at a tertiary rehabilitation center between May 2022 and April 2023. Forty-five consecutive sexually active women (mean age: 38.1 ± 6.8 years) diagnosed with primary MPS were included in the study. They were compared to 45 healthy women of similar ages. The participants were interviewed regarding their weekly frequency of sexual intercourse and the importance of sexual life. Also, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were assessed. The importance of sexual life score (p = 0.008), BDI (p < 0.001), VAS pain (p < 0.001), and VAS fatigue (p < 0.001) values were found to be lower in the patient group compared to the control group. The frequency of sexual intercourse was lower in the patient group, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.083). In patients with a higher BDI score (≥ 17), the number of sexual intercourse was lower (p = 0.044), and the severity of fatigue was higher (p = 0.013). Significant associations were observed in MPS patients between the weekly frequency of sexual intercourse and VAS pain, VAS fatigue, BDI, and the importance of the sexual life score. A positive correlation was observed between the number of weekly sexual intercourses and the importance of the sexual life score (r = 0.577, p < 0.001), and negative correlations were found between BDI (r = − 0.478, p < 0.001), VAS pain (r = − 0.409, p < 0.001), and VAS fatigue (r = − 0.439, p < 0.001). Patients with MPS should be assessed for depressive mood and fatigue, as these factors may contribute to sexual dysfunction. These results may also emphasize the importance of adopting a multidisciplinary approach in the management of MPS patients with concurrent sexual dysfunction. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05727566.
... Additionally, if a woman's partner harms her, she may be reluctant to seek assistance or counsel of those who might otherwise support her (e.g., support staff, family members) given fear they may punish or further restrict her (Fitzgerald & Withers, 2013;Kelly et al., 2009). Furthermore, prohibitions against sexual activity also bar women from forms of pleasure and intimacy that are integral to life satisfaction for many (Anderson, 2013). Intimate relationships are inherently risky for all people insofar as they carry the potential for heartbreak, disappointment, conflict, and violation; nevertheless, risk and experimentation, including in sexual and romantic relationships, are fundamental to living a rich and varied life and fueling personal growth and learning (Fortenberry, 2003(Fortenberry, , 2014Kansky, 2018;Lupton & Tulloch, 2002;Zinn, 2019). ...
Introduction
The paternalism characterizing pity has long been critiqued by people with disabilities, including for fueling the sexual rights restrictions of women labeled with intellectual disability (ID). We used Fiske’s Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske et al., 2002) framework to examine majority group women’s perceptions of ID-labeled women and the relation of pity to their support for ID-labeled women’s sexual rights and related policies.
Methods
In 2020, we surveyed 307 majoritized (i.e., White, heterosexual, and cisgender) adult women in the U.S. through an online recruitment platform. We elicited their perspectives regarding four marginalized groups of women, including those who are labeled with ID, low-income, adolescents, and lesbians.
Results
Women labeled with ID were viewed as more warm than competent and were regarded with pity more than other groups of marginalized women. Evaluations of competence were associated with support for sexual rights and related policies of ID-labeled women, but not women in the other marginalized groups.
Conclusions
These results underscore disability scholars’ and activists’ concerns that pity is particularly directed toward ID-labeled women and that it may undermine others’ support of their sexual rights and opportunities.
Policy Implications
In response, we advocate for a broader conception of competence and greater social integration. To uphold inalienable sexual rights for all ID-labeled women, we argue for policies that entitle women to enhanced resources as they direct their own sexual lives.
... Internationale Studien belegen die hohe Bedeutung von Sexualität, Intimität und sexueller Befriedigung 1 für die psychische Gesundheit und das allgemeine Wohlbefinden [2][3][4][5]. Die World Association for Sexual Health deklariert daher sexuelle Rechte als Teil der universellen Menschenrechte [6]. Auch im Kontext des Maßregelvollzugs (MRV) berichten Untersuchungen, dass durch die Berücksichtigung sexueller Bedürfnisse der Genesungsprozess verbessert, positive Verhaltensmotivation entwickelt und die Lösung psychischer Probleme unterstützt werden kann [7]. ...
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung der Perspektive von Mitarbeitenden auf Sexualität und sexuelle Gesundheit bei stationär untergebrachten Patient*innen in zwei geschlechtergetrennten bayrischen Maßregelvollzügen.
Methoden 19 teilstrukturierte Interviews wurden inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Ergebnisse wurden mit Mitarbeitenden diskutiert und eine Handlungsempfehlung ausgearbeitet.
Ergebnisse Mitarbeitende beschreiben eine ungenügende und nicht systematische Berücksichtigung von Sexualität in beiden Einrichtungen. Regelungen zu erlaubten und nicht erlaubten Verhaltensweisen sind entweder nicht vorhanden, nicht bekannt oder verbleiben für viele der Mitarbeitenden und Patient*innen auf impliziter Ebene.
Schlussfolgerung Die Berücksichtigung von Sexualität und sexuellen Bedürfnissen von Patient*innen sollte nachvollziehbar und transparent gestaltet werden. Eine beigefügte Handlungsempfehlung zum Umgang mit Sexualität kann Einrichtungen dabei unterstützen, Sexualität im Maßregelvollzug stärker zu berücksichtigen.
... [22] A simpler (but less technical) solution, of course, would simply be to suggest that basic needs are those 'which ensure that we remain in good health' (implying shelter, food, warmth, intellectual stimulation, and so forth). Given that sexual citizenship can be positively connected to mental and physical health [7,23,24], and in understanding that mental and physical health is a well-understood constituent of the good life [6,7,9], it thus follows that sexual citizenship must be a constituent of the good life. ...
The Human Condition is neither a well-defined nor well-described concept-nevertheless , it is generally agreed that human sexuality is a fundamental and constituent part of it. For most able-bodied persons, accessing and expressing one's sexuality is a (relatively) trouble-free process. However, many disabled persons experience difficulty in accessing their sexuality, while others experience such significant barriers that they are often precluded from sexual citizenship altogether. Recognising the barriers to the sexual citizenship of disabled persons, the concept of a Welfare-Funded Sex Doula Program has been advanced-a program specifically aimed at meeting the various (and often complex) sexual needs of disabled people. Below we show how that program can be justified within at least two different moral frameworks , the capabilities approach and liberal utilitarianism, and consider and repudiate arguments against it.
... This is supported by a growing body of evidence showing positive associations between sexual pleasure, sexual health, and health-related outcomes [13]. A review found that sexual satisfaction, pleasure, and positive self-esteem Sexes 2023, 4 134 have a positive impact on sexual health as well as mental and physical health [14]. The latter can also be supported by an older study showing that enjoyment of sexual activity is associated with longevity in women [15]. ...
The importance of sexual pleasure as a factor promoting sexual and public health is increasingly recognized. Nevertheless, hardly any theory-based and empirically tested interventions exist for fostering sexual pleasure. Consequently, we developed an unguided online intervention called PleaSure to promote sexual pleasure in women. In a randomized controlled pilot trial with a mixed-method design, we evaluated the effectiveness of PleaSure by comparing the intervention group to a waitlist control group in pre–post measurements over 4 weeks. With 657 participants (Mage = 31.46, SDage = 8.78), we evaluated an index of sexual pleasure and five facets: sensual pleasure, pleasure-related mastery, pleasure-related validation, interaction pleasure, and bonding pleasure. The results show that the online intervention primarily strengthened the intrapersonal domain of sexual pleasure by increasing pleasure-related mastery. Neither the other facets nor the index was significantly influenced by the intervention. Although the effects of the quantitative data are small, the qualitative data support overall positive effects on participants’ sexual experience. We discuss the content of the intervention and the methods used. Our pilot study suggests that sexual pleasure can be promoted but that major improvements are needed to the intervention’s content and design to do so effectively. Therefore, future studies are encouraged to further develop and implement such resource-efficient interventions in clinical and non-clinical samples to better understand the importance of sexual pleasure to sexual health.
... During this period of life, adolescents go through physical, psychological and sexual maturation. They also have a greater interest in sex and relationships (Anderson, 2013). Sexuality is prevalent in adolescence as there are dangers of engaging in transactional sex having several concurrent relationships and facing sexual assault and coercion (Mmari & Blum, 2009). ...
Comprehensive sex education is one of the most critical tools for providing young people with the knowledge they require to make wise decisions. Sex education has a reputation for being delicate due to the intimate and personal nature of the topic. A survey involved 45 administrators (including principals, vice principals and heads of expertise), 15 teachers of social science disciplines and 15 classroom teachers. The results indicated that the importance of sex education for ethnic minority students was not appreciated by teachers and that the implementation level of sex education content and its form were low and ineffective. The study highlights topics that educators must consider when establishing strategic plans for successful and acceptable sex education in a societal context or with ethnic minority students.
... It also has a significant impact on partners' psychological and physiological health throughout the course of a relationship (Mitchell et al., 2011). While higher sexual satisfaction leads to higher relationship quality and lower relationship instability (Fallis et al., 2016;Yeh et al., 2006), the lack of sexual satisfaction undermines both partners' overall functioning (Anderson, 2013), perceived intimacy (Heiman et al., 2011), and relationship happiness (Fisher et al., 2015). Moreover, higher sexual dissatisfaction has strong associations with a variety of problems, including deteriorated relationship quality (Byers, 2005), insecure pair-bonding (Meltzer et al., 2017), lower longterm commitment (Seiter et al., 2020), higher divorce rate (Shakerian et al., 2014), less effective communication and problem-solving (Duba et al., 2012), lower self-esteem (Terauchi et al., 2017), and decreased physical health (Diamond Huebner, 2012). ...
The majority of studies on couple aggressive behaviors have focused on more overt forms (e.g., intimate partner violence), while findings on covert patterns of aggression are lacking. This study aims to explore the direct and indirect effects of two types of relational aggression (i.e., love withdrawal and social sabotage) on sexual dissatisfaction, with attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance as the mediators. Participants were 324 married couples from a large northwestern city in the United States. Direct actor effects from love withdrawal were found for both partners, while direct actor effects from social sabotage were only found for husbands. Direct partner effects from love withdrawal and social sabotage were both found for wives only. Further mediation analyses indicated that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance mediated the relationship between relational aggression and sexual dissatisfaction. Findings from this study demonstrate the direct and indirect associations between two types of relational aggression and sexual dissatisfaction, through the mediating mechanisms of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. For therapists who work with couples, our study pointed out the importance of assessing and treating relational aggression in couples, especially when couples report sexual dissatisfaction.
This study aims to assess the patterns of life satisfaction with life (SwL), sexual satisfaction, and adjustment to aging (AtA), of older adults in Mexico and Portugal. A sample of 658 older adults, aged 65 years-old and older, from Mexico and Portugal were recruited for this cross-cultural study. The following measures were applied: (a) Adjustment to Aging Scale (ATAS); (b) Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS); (c) New Sexual Satisfaction Scale (NSSS); (d) Mini-Mental State Exam; and (e) Sociodemographic, health and lifestyle questionnaire. Clusters were identified and characterized by using K-means cluster analysis, encompassing SwL, AtA, and sexual satisfaction. Sexual well-being differences among clusters were analyzed with One-way ANOVAs. Findings indicated three clusters, which explained 76.4% (R-sq = 0.764) of the total variance: Cluster #1: “Moderately adjusted older adults” (n = 355, 53.9%), Cluster #2: “Moderately fulfilled older adults” (n = 265, 40.3%), and Cluster 3: “Well adjusted and satisfied older adults” (n = 38, 5.8%). Participants in Cluster #1 were mostly Mexican, with moderate levels of AtA and reduced sexual satisfaction and SwL. Conversely, Cluster #2 predominantly consisted of Portuguese participants with moderate sexual satisfaction and SwL, and lower levels of AtA. Participants from Cluster #3 were mostly Portuguese with high levels of AtA, sexual satisfaction, and SwL. This innovative study explored the intricate relationship between sexual well-being, the ability to adjust to aging, and overall SwL, in two different cultural contexts. Findings contributed to the understanding of the relationship between these three variables and for developing tailored future interventions and service planning with older adults in different cultures.
Emerging research suggests that reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA), like intimate partner violence (IPV), is associated with poorer mental and sexual health outcomes, including greater symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression and poorer markers of physical and sexual health such as sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancies and lowered sexual agency. Although victims/survivors of RCA report long-lasting impacts on future relationships, including fear and anxiety, little is known about impacts of RCA on anxiety and general wellbeing, nor emotional and mental components of sexual health that comprise a person’s sexual self-concept. With community samples of participants in Australia, we conducted two studies to explore the impact of RCA and IPV on psychological (study 1) and sexual (study 2) health outcomes. Study 1 ( n = 368) found that experiencing IPV and RCA both significantly and uniquely contributed to poorer mental health outcomes. After controlling for age and IPV, RCA significantly predicted symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, PTSD, and reduced satisfaction with life. Study 2 ( n = 329) found that IPV and RCA differentially predicted various components of sexual health. IPV predicted decreased sexual satisfaction and increased sexual anxiety, depression, and fear of sexual encounters. After controlling for age and IPV, RCA significantly and uniquely predicted lower levels of sexual assertiveness and increased sexual depression and fear of sexual encounters, but not sexual satisfaction or anxiety. We conclude that RCA is associated with significant psychological distress and a negative sexual self-concept that may impact future relationships. Screening for both IPV and RCA across settings is warranted.
Background:
The United Nations has declared 2021-2030 the 'Decade of Healthy Ageing' and identified the need to strengthen the evidence base on interpretations and determinants of healthy ageing to inform policy.
Objectives:
This study sought to interrogate a 'policy blind spot' and examine interpretations and experiences of sexuality and sexual health within the context of ageing well among women aged 50+.
Design:
The qualitative study design was underpinned by an interpretivist epistemology. Research was guided by principles of feminist scholarship and located in an affirmative ageing framework.
Methods:
Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted between April-June 2019 with 21 English-speaking women aged 52-76. Women were recruited through community organizations in North West England. Transcripts were analysed using a framework approach to thematic analysis, applying an inductive approach to theme generation.
Results:
Narratives encompassed six broad themes: reflections on 'ageing well'; age alone does not define sexuality and sexual health; interpretations of sexual health and sexuality; vulnerability and resistance in later-life sexual health; narratives of (in)visibility; and reimagining services to promote sexual health in later life. There was a dominant belief that sexual health represents a component of ageing well, despite a broad spectrum of sexual expression and health challenges. Sexual expression was diversely shaped by conflicting societal expectations within an evolving digitized environment. In clinical settings, however, sexual health discussions were often muted or framed from a disease-focussed lens. Women expressed a preference for holistic, person-centred sexual health provision from an orientation of wellness to support varied sexual expression, sensitive to wider health, life and relationship realities.
Conclusion:
This work strengthens calls to disentangle sexual health from disease-centred narratives and legitimize sexual health as part of the healthy ageing agenda.
Sexuality is an essential component of human existence, playing a vital role in maintaining and enhancing the overall quality of life and well-being for a substantial portion of the population. Sexual health encompasses psychological, physical, and social well-being, extending beyond the absence of dysfunction or disease. It encompasses aspects of identity and relationships. Sexuality holds significant importance in personal connections and serves as a fundamental aspect of general mental and physical wellness for many individuals. A satisfying sex life not only contributes to psychological benefits like improved depressive symptoms, general well-being, and quality of life but also promotes longevity. This chapter examines the Eastern and Western approaches including cardio training, Pilates, and yoga, which may contribute to enhancing sexual satisfaction among individuals. By examining the benefits of these practices, this chapter highlights how by incorporating such practices into our daily life we can gain insights into the multifaceted ways in which physical fitness and the mindful movement of yoga positively influences our sexual well-being.
Background: A satisfying and proper sexual relationship that meets the needs of both spouses plays a crucial role in the stability and longevity of the family. Sexual self-concept is one of the factors affecting women's sexual behavior and performance and can be changed throughout life. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the status of sexual self-concept and its socio-demographic predictors of women on the verge of marriage. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 women referring to premarital counseling centers in Tabriz, Iran. The data collection tool was the questionnaire of personal and social characteristics and Snell's Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire. Pearson's correlation test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression test were used in data analysis with SPSS software version 24. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the positive sexual self-concept score was 117 (0.20) from the obtainable score of 0 - 176, and the mean (standard deviation) of the negative sexual self-concept score was 16 (0.7) from the obtainable score of 4 - 38. Additionally, the mean (standard deviation) of the sexual self-concept score was 44 (0.9) from the range of the obtainable score of 0 - 72. The results of multivariate analysis with multivariate linear regression test and control of confounding variables showed that the husband’s age, education, and mother's education were the predictors of positive sexual self-concept. Moreover, age, father's education, and duration of previous acquaintance were reported as predictors of negative sexual self-concept, and age was observed as a predictor of situational sexual self-concept. Conclusions: The study's findings indicated that age, education, parents' education, and the duration of acquaintance with the future spouse could predict sexual self-concept in women approaching marriage without sexual abuse. Given that sexual self-concept evolves well before any sexual activity, policymakers can enhance women's sexual self-concept through interventions, such as psychological counseling with a focus on sexual health. This, in turn, can improve their overall well-being, ultimately supporting stable family foundations and successful childbearing in the future.
Currently, generation Z is 27.94% of the Indonesian population and triggers fulfillment of sexual reproductive health information, including contraception, which should be given of 9-12 years old. This effort is necessary to reduce unwanted pregnancy incidence, free sex, and abortion. A factor potential to influence is peer communication. Determine the relationship between peer communication with contraception knowledge of early adolescents in the urban area of Indonesia. This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design uses the Global Early Adolscent Study’s (GEAS) secondary data. The research subjects were 2,225, which were 7th grade of State Junior High Schools in Bandar Lampung, Semarang, and Denpasar, Indonesia. The relationship between peer communication to contraceptive knowledge considers age, gender, sexual history, economic status, residence, and parental communication. Contraception knowledge is divided into good and poor. Data processing was done with univariable, chi-square, and logistic regression statistical tests and used 95% confidence interval (CI) with a 0.05 significance level. Peer communication significantly related to contraceptive knowledge (p-value <0.001). Other factors that influenced were gender, residence, sexual intercourse, and parental communication, which were statistically significant. Conclusion: About half of the early adolescents have good contraception knowledge, which is three times more likely in adolescent who communicates with peers.
Philosophers have recently expressed interest in the question as to whether there is a right to sex, a right whose justification is motivated by the existence of sexually excluded people – people who suffer from involuntary long‐term sexual deprivation (owing, say, to a chronic medical condition). This paper, after offering preliminary remarks about what a right to sex and its objects might be and who might have this right, surveys seven justifications for the right: linkage arguments, need, well‐being, a minimally decent life, being a basic good, justice, and relationships. The paper argues that a right to sex does not likely exist because none of the justifications are convincing. The paper then argues that despite the lack of justification, and because sexual exclusion is a problem worthy of attention, people's sexual needs can be addressed through the lens of goals instead of rights. This not only takes sexual exclusion seriously enough but also avoids the crucial problems associated with rights‐talk, especially that of sexual coercion.
מיניות היא חלק בלתי נפרד מהקיום האנושי. מיניות בריאה מוגדרת כמיניות שמבוססת על גישה חיובית, הוגנת ומכבדת למיניות, למערכות יחסים ולרבייה ושחופשייה מכפייה, מפחד, מאפליה, מסטיגמה, מבושה ומאלימות (CDC, 2012). מתוך הגדרה זו נובעות שתי פרספקטיבות מרכזיות, ובהן תתמקד סקירה זו. הפרספקטיבה הראשונה עוסקת בשאלה כיצד ניתן לקדם גישה חיובית, הוגנת ומכבדת למיניות (קרי, קידום בריאות מינית); הפרספקטיבה השנייה עוסקת בשאלה כיצד ניתן להפחית היבטים של כפייה ושל אלימות באשר למיניות.
קיים קושי מובנה לעסוק בשתי השאלות הללו במסמך אחד שכן הספרות בתחום ברובה מפוצלת ואינה מתייחסת לשני ההיבטים הללו בעת ובעונה אחת. לפיכך, סקירת ספרות זו נשענת על שני עולמות ידע מרכזיים: האחד, החינוך המיני (sexuality education); והשני, מניעת אלימות מינית (sexual violence prevention).
הספרות בנוגע לחינוך מיני קשורה קשר הדוק לסוג השיח בנוגע למיניות (Jones, 2011). לעיתים תכופות מדי, תוכניות לחינוך מיני עוסקות בהשלכות השליליות האפשרויות של מיניות ומעט מדי תוכניות עוסקות באוריינטציה חיובית למיניות (sex-positive orientation) שמדגישה את האפשרות להנאה רגשית וגופנית ממין (Dailey, 1997). נוסף על העיסוק בהשלכות השליליות, מגבלות נוספות של תוכניות קיימות לחינוך מיני הן התעלמות מנטיות מיניות מגוונות או מזהויות מגדריות נוספות וכן התעלמות מהצטלבות מיקומי שוליים, כלומר מן ההבנה שהמיקום החברתי של נשים מושפע מזהות מגדרית ומפטריארכיה, כמו גם ממערכות דיכוי נוספות כגון גזע או מעמד (Bay-Cheng, 2003). גישות ותוכניות עכשוויות לחינוך מיני ממוקדות בזכויות (rights-based) וביחסי הכוח (power relations) בחברה (Berglas, Constantine & Ozer, 2014). מחקרים עדכניים אף מראים כי תוכניות העוסקות בזכויות וביחסי כוח בחברה הן תוכניות אפקטיביות יותר (ראו למשל Haberland & Rogow, 2015).
התפיסה בבסיס סקירה זו היא כי קידום בריאות מינית קשורה קשר הדוק למניעת אלימות מינית. לדוגמה, במדריך עדכני שהוצא בארה"ב על ידי המרכז הארצי למניעת מחלות (CDC), מתואר כי קידום בריאות מינית הוא אחד האסטרטגיות למניעת אלימות מינית (Basile et al, 2016). אלימות מינית היא אחת הבעיות המורכבות והכואבות בחברה האנושית. נתונים עדכניים מראים כי 11.8% מהאוכלוסייה הבוגרת עברו פגיעה מינית לפני גיל 18, וכי אחוז הנשים הנפגעות גבוה מאחוז הגברים הנפגעים: 18% מהנערות והילדות ו-7.6% מהנערים והילדים (Stoltenborgh, Van-IJzendoorn, Euser & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2011). במחקר עדכני שנערך בישראל עולה כי 10% מתלמידי כיתות ד'-ו' דיווחו על קורבנות לאלימות מינית שהופעלה מצד תלמידים אחרים בביה"ס וכ-16% מקרב תלמידי כיתות ז'-י"א דיווחו על קורבנות לאלימות מינית (הרשות הארצית למדידה והערכה בחינוך, 2016). במחקר ישראלי רחב היקף נוסף עלה כי 18.7% ממדגם של 12,035 ילדים ומתבגרים בני 17-12 דיווחו על פגיעה מינית שעברו (Lev-Wiesel, Eisikovits, First, Gottfried & Mehlhausen, 2016). מחקרים בקרב אוכלוסיות בסיכון מראים כי אחוזי הפגיעה המינית בקרב אוכלוסיות אלו גבוהים עוד יותר. לדוגמה, בקרב נערות וצעירות בסיכון בישראל ובמדינות נוספות, אחוזי הפגיעה המינית נעים בין 29% ל-65% (כאהן-סטרביצ'ינסקי, יורוביץ, קונסטנטינוב ואפרתי, 2005; Priebe & Svedin, 2008).
נפגעי אלימות מינית עלולים לסבול מהשלכות לטווח קצר ולטווח ארוך במגוון רחב של תחומי חיים. סקרים אפידמיולוגיים הראו כי אלימות מינית בילדות (קרי, לפני גיל 18) היא גורם סיכון לחרדה, לדיכאון, למצוקה רגשית גבוהה, לשימוש בסמים ולהתנהגות אנטי-חברתית (גל, לבב וגרוס, 2010; Flett et al, 2012; MacMillan et al, 2001; Molnar, Buka & Kessler, 2001). מעבר לכך, לפגיעה מינית טווח נרחב של השלכות על פרטים, משפחות, קהילות וחברות ביחס לתחומים רבים כמו: בריאות, חינוך, תעסוקה, פשיעה ורווחה כלכלית (WHO, 2010a).
אלימות מינית כרוכה גם בהוצאות כספיות רבות מצד הנפגע/ת ומצד החברה (ינאי, 2005). מחקרים שונים בעולם מנסים לכמת את העלויות הכלכליות של השלכות אלו ומצביעים על הוצאה ממשלתית המוערכת בין 100,000 $ ל-150,000 $ לנפגע בשנה. המחקרים מתייחסים הן להיבט המיידי הפשוט למדידה (כגון טיפול רפואי הקשור לפגיעה, התערבות של גורמי החוק) והן להיבטים ארוכי הטווח שהוזכרו לעיל. ההשלכות הקשות של האלימות המינית מביאות לשימוש רב בשירותי רפואה ובשירותי בריאות הנפש; כמו כן, לעיתים עלולות לגרור הוצאת הנפגע/ת או הפוגע מביתו או כליאה של הפוגע. השלכות נוספות הן אובדן כושר עבודה והזדקקות לשירותים סוציאליים ולקצבאות. מחקרים אלו בעיקר מדגישים את הפן הכלכלי של הסבל ושל אובדן איכות החיים (Dolezal, McCollum & Callahan, 2009; Yang, Miller, Zhang, LeHew & Peek-Asa, 2014; WHO, 2004 ). בישראל, המשרד לביטחון פנים (2011) מעריך כי העלויות הממשלתיות בגין עבירות מין הן במקום השני אחרי רצח וכי הן מגיעות ל-39,000 ₪ למקרה בשנה ולממוצע של 620 מיליון ₪ (הפער בין המדדים השונים נובע, בין השאר, משוני במרכיבים הנכללים בתחשיב).
אלימות מינית קשורה קשר הדוק לפערים מגדריים בין נשים לגברים בחברה פטריארכאלית (Gressard, Swahn, Tharp, 2015). לכן, מניעת אלימות מינית היא משימה שיעדיה קשורים לקידום שוויון מגדרי בחברה (WHO, 2010a). מניעת אלימות מינית לא צריכה להיעשות רק אל מול נערות וצעירות, אלא גם מול נערים וצעירים (Peacock & Barker, 2014). יתרה מכך, המודל האקולוגי שנתמך על ידי ארגון הבריאות העולמי גורס כי מניעת אלימות מינית צריכה להיעשות אל מול קשת רחבה עוד יותר של גורמים ובתוכם: מורים, הורים, אנשי מקצוע והקהילה הרחבה יותר (Heise, 1989; WHO, 2010a).
סקירת הספרות להלן תחולק לכמה חלקים: הפרק הראשון יעסוק בקידום בריאות מינית; הפרק השני יעסוק באופן כללי במניעת אלימות מינית בין קטינים; הפרק השלישי יעסוק בהתערבויות למניעת אלימות מינית לפי רמות שונות של המודל החברתי-אקולוגי; הפרק הרביעי יתמקד במבט בינלאומי משווה בין מדינות שונות באשר למדיניותן בנושאים הללו.
Objective
Sexual pleasure is central to current understandings of sexual function, health, and wellbeing. In this article, we suggest that we lack a sufficiently specific, yet encompassing, definition of sexual pleasure and that we therefore lack comprehensive assessments of sexual pleasure. We introduce a definition of sexual pleasure and position it centrally in an adapted framework of the sexual response. In the framework, we include a taxonomy of rewards which can be retrieved from sex and thereby aim to capture the multifaceted nature of sexual pleasure.
Methods/Results
Through narrative review, we arrive at the definition, framework, and taxonomy by integrating theories of sexual motivation and response with the literature on sexual pleasure and basic rewards. We position this literature within theories of affect and personality which allows us to differentiate between the experience of and the tendency to experience sexual pleasure (i.e., state versus trait sexual pleasure). We discuss how this conceptualization of sexual pleasure could be reflected in self-report assessments to quantitatively assess sexual pleasure.
Conclusions
The framework may aid to understand the role of the diverse facets of sexual pleasure in sexual function, health, and wellbeing and contribute to giving sexual pleasure the center position it deserves in sex research and therapy.
Amaç: Bu çalışmamızla URS/RIRS sonrası çok sık kullanılan double-J stentler’in (DJS) erektil fonksiyon üzerine etkisini araştırarak literatüre katkıda bulunmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmada, üreter ve/veya böbrek taşı nedeniyle yapılan URS/RIRS sonrası DJS uygulanan erkek hastalar yer almaktadır. Hastaların stentli iken ve stent çıkarıldıktan sonraki İİEF-5 skor değişimi ile demografik verileri, alfa blokör kullanımı, cerrahi türü, IPSS, İİEF-5, VAS skoru ve stent takılı kalma süresi univariate analiz ile değerlendirildi. p
Although the stalking research literature has grown over time, there is more limited research focused on acquaintance stalking victim experiences and harms. The current study used online surveys with women stalked by acquaintances who had (n = 193), and who had not (n = 144), been sexually assaulted by the stalker to examine differences in stalking course of conduct (including jealousy and control, sexual harassment) and victim harms (resource losses, social identity perceptions, sexual autonomy, sexual difficulties, and safety efficacy). Results found that many of the acquaintance stalking victims in the current study experienced all three types of sexual harassment (verbal harassment, unwanted sexual advances, sexual coercion) and had negative social identity perceptions (e.g., how they felt about themselves, how they felt about their ability to be a good partner). More women who were sexually assaulted, compared to those who were not, experienced threats, jealous and controlling behavior, severe physical violence, stalking-related fear, sexual harassment, negative social identity perceptions, and lower sexual autonomy. Multivariate analysis found that sexual assault, more unwanted sexual attention, increased sexual coercion, lower safety efficacy, and more negative social identity perceptions were associated with sexual difficulties while sexual assault, higher safety efficacy, fewer resource losses, and fewer negative social identity perceptions were associated with increased sexual autonomy. Sexual assault, verbal sexual harassment, and resource losses were associated with more negative social identity perceptions. Understanding the full scope of stalking victimization and the negative impacts can inform the recovery journey and safety planning interventions.
This chapter focuses on the influences of lifelong sexual practice on health in later life. Human life expectancy has been continuously increasing in the past decades. Despite the recent decline in life expectancy in the United States, the number of older adults is rising globally, and our society is facing rapid aging overall. Sexual health is important for human health and well-being. Often being overlooked previously, sexuality and sexual health among older adults have become more important than ever. There are many forms of sexual behavior and types of sexual activity. In this chapter, we will discuss the positive influence of lifelong sexual practice on the physical, emotional, social, and cognitive aspects of health among older adults and the potential risk of sexually transmitted infections. Given that general health condition declines with age, we also discuss the health issues among older women and men that may affect their sexual functioning and satisfaction. Lastly, we specifically discuss sexual health among the underserved population, including older adults who self-identified as sexual and gender minorities and those who live with chronic conditions. In summary, it is essential not to assume that older individuals are indifferent to intimacy and sexual pleasure. Although sexual health-related problems in older adults are frequent, they are scarcely brought to the attention of physicians and other healthcare professionals. Thus, it is important to integrate a safe and nonjudgmental system within healthcare professionals where all sexually active older individuals have access to education, counseling, and treatment related to sexual health and safe sexual practices.
This study investigated the relationships between sexual self-esteem, sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction. It was hypothesized that higher levels of sexual self-esteem would be associated with greater sexual satisfaction and that sexual assertiveness would act as a partial mediator. The participants were 25 men and 46 women, aged 19-56 years, recruited from the community. Participants completed questionnaires measuring sexual self-esteem, sexual assertiveness and sexual satisfaction. The results showed strong correlations between all three variables and confirmed sexual assertiveness as a partial mediator of the relationship between sexual self-esteem and sexual satisfaction. The implications of the findings for clinical practice are considered.
Hypotheses concerning possible correlates of sexual satisfaction in marriage were tested using the replies of 797 married women and men of diverse ages to a 70-item mailed questionnaire that contained seven Likert-type sub-scales measuring different sexual and non-sexual variables. Multiple regression analysis, using sexual satisfaction as the dependent variable, yielded a five-variable model that accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sexual satisfaction (Adjusted R Squared = .602). The variable 'overall satisfaction with marriage' had the highest correlation with sexual satisfaction (r = .622), followed by 'satisfaction with non-sexual aspects of the relationship' (r = .609), frequency of spouse/partner orgasm per sexual encounter (r = .529), frequency of sexual activity (r = .370), and 'sexual uninhibitedness' (r = .230). None of three measures of religiosity made a significant contribution to explaining the variation on self reported sexual satisfaction. Men and women did not differ in level of sexual satisfaction, and adding gender to the regression model did not increase the level of explained variation. The results indicate that sexual satisfaction in these married respondents could not be compartmentalized to their sexual interactions, but was strongly associated with non-sexual aspects of the overall marital relationship as well.
This study examined associations between the pleasurability of various sexual activities and behavioural experience with these activities. Participants were 145 female and 78 male undergraduates. Participants rated the pleasurability of various sexual activities (vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, receiving oral sex, performing oral sex, masturbation by a partner, and self-masturbation) and answered questions about their experience with these sexual activities. Vaginal intercourse, receiving oral sex, and being masturbated by a partner received the highest,pleasure ratings. For behaviours other than vaginal intercourse and receiving oral sex, pleasure ratings were significantly higher among respondents who had engaged in the activity. Pleasure ratings for several different sexual behaviours were intercorrelated. Participants who scored high on a pleasure index were more sexually experienced, engaged in more frequent sexual activity, and reported having more sex partners. Results are interpreted within the context of an evolutionary theory which suggests that pleasure motivates sexual behaviour.
Pleasure may be the key to the successful working of the reproductive systems of humans. However, for all the enjoyment sexual relationships can provide, there are countervailing forces of guilt and disappointment at work on the individual psyche. Religious and social norms enforce limits on sexual expressiveness. These controls are defended as means to protect individuals and their partners from unhappiness due to infidelity. The contrasting balance of potential pleasure on the one hand and deeply felt self-controls on the other gives rise to many problems of sexual health. Couples with discordant expectations about sexual pleasures can find their relationships crumbling. Deeply planted understandings about inappropriate behavior can cause individuals to feel shame or fear when faced with choices about their sexuality and particularly their desires. People unable to achieve desired pleasures due to physical handicaps experience a loss of wellbeing that can be extremely distressing. Simultaneously society struggles to control the individual expression of harmful sexual behavior such as child molestation while protecting the rights of individuals to enjoy personal satisfaction. The recognition and promotion of sexual pleasure as an integral part of wellbeing is one of the most challenging elements on the sexual health agenda. Progress in this area will require extraordinary efforts by professional groups and political leaders to forge a forthright understanding of the meaning of pleasure in people's lives, and the priority of promoting healthy sexuality as a part of a global health agenda.
This study examined the validity of the Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction (IEMSS) in long-term, heterosexual sexual relationships. The IEMSS proposes that sexual satisfaction depends on one's levels of rewards and costs in the sexual relationship, one's comparison levels (CL) for rewards/costs, and one's perceptions of the dyadic equality (EQ) of these rewards/costs. Sexual satisfaction is expected to be greater to the extent that, over time, levels of rewards (REW) exceed levels of costs (CST), relative reward levels (CLREW) exceed relative cost levels (CLcst), and interpersonal equality of rewards (EQrew) and of costs (EQCST) is perceived to exist. Married/cohabiting community volunteers and university alumni/staff completed two questionnaires, 3 months apart. The results obtained from this well-educated, relationally satisfied sample (N= 143) provided excellent support for the IEMSS. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that each component of the model (REW - CST, CLrew - CLcst, and EQrew, EQcst) added to the prediction of sexual satisfaction as expected, accounting for 75% of the variance. Repeated measurement of the IEMSS components offered a better prediction of sexual satisfaction than a one-time measure alone. Neither gender nor relationship satisfaction interacted with the IEMSS components. However, including relationship satisfaction (but not gender) in the model significantly improved the prediction of sexual satisfaction. It was concluded that the model should be revised to include relationship satisfaction. Both the exchange components of the IEMSS and sexual satisfaction uniquely predicted relationship satisfaction. The IEMSS offers a promising approach for understanding sexual satisfaction and its relationship to relationship satisfaction, as well as for reconciling inconsistent findings in the literature.
Despite the World Health Organization's definition of sexual health as a state of well-being, virtually no public health research has examined sexual well-being outcomes, including sexual satisfaction. Emerging evidence suggests that sexual well-being indicators are associated with more classic measures of healthy sexual behaviors. We surveyed 2168 university students in the United States and asked them to rate their physiological and psychological satisfaction with their current sexual lives. Many respondents reported that they were either satisfied (approximately half) or very satisfied (approximately one third). In multivariate analyses, significant (P < .05) correlates of both physiological and psychological satisfaction included sexual guilt, sexual self-comfort, self-esteem (especially among men), relationship status, and sexual frequency. To enhance sexual well-being, public health practitioners should work to improve sexual self-comfort, alleviate sexual guilt, and promote longer term relationships.
Using data from a U.S. clinical safety trial of tenofovir gel, a candidate microbicide, we explored the intersection of sexual pleasure and vaginal lubrication to understand whether and under what circumstances women would use a microbicide gel covertly with primary partners. This study question emerged from acceptability research in diverse settings showing that even though future microbicides are extolled as a disease prevention method that women could use without disclosing to their partners, many women assert they would inform their primary partner. Participants (N = 84), stratified by HIV-status and sexual activity (active vs. abstinent), applied the gel intra-vaginally for 14 days. At completion, quantitative acceptability data were obtained via questionnaire (N = 79) and qualitative data via small group discussions (N = 15 groups, 40 women). Quantitatively, 71% preferred a microbicide that could not be noticed by a sex partner and 86% experienced greater vaginal lubrication with daily use. Based on our analysis of the qualitative data, we suggest that women's perception that their primary partners would notice a microbicide gel is a more important reason for their caution regarding covert use than may previously have been recognized. Our findings also showed that women's assessment of the possibility of discreet, if not covert, use was strongly related to their perception of how a microbicide's added vaginal lubrication would influence their own and their partner's pleasure, as well as their partner's experience of his sexual performance. A microbicide that increases pleasure for both partners could potentially be used without engendering opposition from primary partners.
Individuals engage in behaviors or partake of specific substances because it pleases them. Indeed, without the sensations of pleasure and displeasure we would be unlikely to repeat or restrict behaviors. Since repetitive sexual activity over the millennia has ensured the continuance of the human race, it is perhaps surprising that pleasure has received little attention in the research literature on sexual function and behavior. By exploring sexual pleasure and motivation theories and studies relevant to the evaluation of sexual function and dysfunction, a goal response model is presented. This model proposes a route from sexual stimuli, via cognitive and emotional processing to behavior and subsequent feedback, which illustrates how eudemonic goals could influence treatment outcomes.
Little is known about how condoms and other contraceptives influence women's sexual enjoyment, which could shape use patterns.
Data from an online study of women's sexual health and functioning were used to examine how three categories of contraceptive use - hormonal method only, condoms primarily, and dual use - could help predict decreased sexual pleasure associated with contraceptive method and overall sexual satisfaction in the past 4 weeks.
In analyses controlling for age, relationship length, and other variables, male condoms were most strongly associated with decreased pleasure, whether used alone or in conjunction with hormonal methods. Women who used hormonal methods alone were least likely to report decreased pleasure, but they also had significantly lower overall scores of sexual satisfaction compared with the other two groups. Dual users, or women who used both condoms and a hormonal method, reported the highest sexual satisfaction scores.
Because male condoms were viewed by many of these women as decreasing sexual pleasure, sexual risk practices are likely to be affected. Although hormonal only users were highly unlikely to report decreased pleasure, they reported lower sexual satisfaction compared with the other two groups. Dual users, who had the highest sexual satisfaction scores, may have been the most sexually satisfied because they felt more fully protected against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmissible infections - consistent with previous qualitative documentation of 'eroticising safety.' This exploratory study suggests that different contraceptives affect sexuality in various ways, warranting further research into these sexual dimensions and how they influence contraceptive practices.
We know surprisingly little about how contraception affects sexual enjoyment and functioning (and vice versa), particularly for women. What do people seek from sex, and how do sexual experiences shape contraceptive use? We draw on qualitative data to make 3 points. First, pleasure varies. Both women and men reported multiple aspects of enjoyment, of which physical pleasure was only one.
Second, pleasure matters. Clear links exist between the forms of pleasure respondents seek and their contraceptive practices. Third, pleasure intersects with power and social inequality. Both gender and social class shape sexual preferences and contraceptive use patterns. These findings call for a reframing of behavioral models that explain why people use (or do not use) contraception.
This study examined the associations between sexual self-concept (sexual esteem and sexual anxiety) and sexual self-efficacy (situational and resistive) in a sample of 388 high school students (59% Caucasian, 28% African American). Males reported lower sexual esteem and lower sexual self-efficacy than females. Males and African Americans reported higher levels of sexual anxiety and lower levels of resistive self-efficacy than females and Caucasians. In regression models, higher sexual self-esteem uniquely predicted higher sexual self-efficacy scores, even after controlling for demographic variables, knowledge of sexual risk, and previous coital experience. In post hoc analyses, sexual self-esteem mediated the relation between knowledge of sexual risk and both types of sexual self-efficacy. Results suggest the need for interventions to promote male sexual self-efficacy and sexual esteem and the need for longitudinal research that explicates models of sexual health in adolescence.
Comparisons of nationally representative survey data of the population ages 18-54 years in 1971 (N = 2252) and 1992 (N = 1718) from Finland show that sexual satisfaction has greatly increased particularly among women. Some predictors of sexual satisfaction of men and women are examined on the basis of the 1992 survey data on people ages 18-74 years (N = 2250). Correlations between social background factors, sexual ideas and assertiveness, optional relationships, sexual practices, organism, and satisfaction with sexual intercourse were calculated. To control the simultaneous effect of the variables explaining satisfaction, path analyses were conducted. Results show that young age, a sexually unreserved and a nonreligious childhood home, early start of sexual life, high education, sexual assertiveness, considering sexuality important in life, reciprocal feeling of love, use of sex materials, frequent intercourse, many-sided (versatile) sexual techniques, and frequent orgasm correlate with finding sexual intercourse pleasurable. There were some gender differences in the connections between the independent factors and satisfaction with coitus. The importance of sexuality in life, love, and the use of sexual materials were connected directly to physical sexual satisfaction among men but only indirectly among women. For women, but not for men, young age and early start of sexual life correlated with enjoyment of intercourse. The greater sexual dissatisfaction of women compared to men, which still prevails, may be due to their late start of sexual life, conservative sexual attitudes, unimportance of sexuality in life, lack of sexual assertiveness, and use of restricted sexual techniques. The emancipation of women may change these ideas and practices of women. This might lessen the gender gap in physical sexual satisfaction.
Correlates of sexual satisfaction were identified in a sample of older married women. A 70-item questionnaire was mailed to an age-stratified sample of 5,000 married persons, including 1,000 married women over the age of 50. Usable questionnaires were received from 148 participants (14.8% return rate). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis, using sexual satisfaction as the dependent variable, yielded five predictor variables that accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sexual satisfaction (Cumulative R2 = .73). These results serve as a reminder that sexual interactions cannot be compartmentalized but must be considered within the context of the overall marriage relationship. Given the low return rate, interpretations should be limited until replication with an adequate sample has been completed.
There is a paucity of systematic analysis of the relation between sexual activity and mental health. To address this gap, we ask whether sexual activity associates with lower levels of depression among older adults. We hypothesize that sexual activity—especially if it typically incorporates other forms of physical affection—may be a socially meaningful activity and may create intimacy that provides social uplift. We test this hypothesis against alternative hypotheses that relationship characteristics or physical health could account for any association between sex and depression. In addition, we consider whether there are gender dynamics that affect the association between sexual activity and depression. We analyze data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative survey of adults aged 57 to 85. Given findings of significant gendered aspects of depression, sexual activity, social support, and aging, we estimate separate models for women and men. Although we find differences between models for men and women for many control variables that correspond to gendered differences in depression, sexual activity that typically incorporates other forms of physical intimacy has a robust association with lower depression for both women and men.
This article reviews published research studies that have examined the impact of psychosocial factors on condom use among adolescents, and offers recommendations regarding the examination of psychosocial variables in future research and HIV prevention program development for adolescents. The review includes a critical analysis of methodological issues, and significant psychosocial predictors are discussed within the context of health behavior change theories. Findings suggest that HIV prevention programs for adolescents should address sexual pleasure and eroticization of condom use within the context of dyadic sexual relationships. Future research on adolescent condom use should attempt to address methodological concerns of prior research by using prospective cohort designs, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, and improving the measurement of psychosocial factors.
Despite the central importance of sexuality to human well-being, the study of sexuality remains
marginalized within health psychology, which hampers the ability of clinicians and policy-makers
to promote comprehensive health and well-being. In this review we discuss the evidence that sexual
functioning makes critical contributions to human health, focusing specifically on findings
linking sexual activity to morbidity and mortality, to the health-promoting effects of intimate relationships,
and to processes of emotion regulation. We argue that researchers studying the psychology
of health and well-being should more substantively integrate sexuality into their research
agendas. Health psychologists’ specific expertise in investigating and interpreting complex, reciprocal
associations between subjective emotional states, health-relevant cognitions, and health-relevant
behavior can make a notable contribution to elucidating some of the most intruiging correlations
between sexuality and health that have emerged from medical and epidemiological studies. If we
want to foster optimum physical and mental health among youths and adults, we must rigorously
investigate the multiple mechanisms through which positive sexual functioning plays a unique and
fundamental role in human well-being across the life course.
Pleasure - and even sex itself - have been noticeab absent from much of the dialogue surrounding sexually transmitted infections and the spread of HIV/AIDS. Safer sex and good sex are not mutually exclusive, yet most established educational programmes give the impression that they are, by using only fear of risk and disease to motivate their audience to practise safer sex. Yet evidence suggest that positive incentives provide the most effective way to get people to want to have safer sex. The Pleasure Project works with these incentives - pleasure and desire - to build bridges between the pleasure/sex industry and the safer sex world. It avoids negativity, ensuring that erotic materials include examples of safer sex and that sexual health and training materials take account of pleasure. In this article, the authors give a brief account of some of the Pleasure Project's work and reflect on how a more sex-positive approach to safer sex can help promote greater sexual well-being.
Introduction. Although lubricant use is commonly recommended to women for solo and partnered sexual activities, little is known about women's use of lubricant or their relationship to sexual pleasure and satisfaction.
Aim. The aim of this study was to assess: (i) how adult women used lubricant during partnered and solo sexual activities; (ii) relations between women's reports of sexual pleasure and satisfaction and their use of a lubricant during a particular sexual event; and (iii) to what extent lubricant use was associated with subsequent genital symptoms.
Methods. A total of 2,453 women completed a 5-week internet-based, double-blind prospective daily diary study in which they were assigned to use one of six water- or silicone-based lubricants.
Main Outcome Measures. Baseline data included demographics, contraceptive use, and sexual behavior during the 4 weeks prior to study enrollment. Daily diary data included reports of penile–vaginal sex, penile–anal sex, solo sex, lubricant use, lubricant application, ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction, and genital symptoms.
Results. Water-based lubricants were associated with fewer genital symptoms compared with silicone-based lubricants. In addition, the use of a water-based or silicone-based lubricant was associated with higher ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction for solo sex and penile–vaginal sex. Water-based lubricant use was associated with higher ratings of sexual pleasure and satisfaction for penile–anal sex as compared with no lubricant use.
Conclusion. The water- and silicone-based lubricants used in this study were associated with significantly higher reports of sexual pleasure and satisfaction and rarely associated with genital symptoms. Herbenick D, Reece M, Hensel D, Sanders S, Jozkowski K, and Fortenberry JD. Association of lubricant use with women's sexual pleasure, sexual satisfaction, and genital symptoms: A prospective daily diary study. J Sex Med 2011;8:202–212.
This article provides an overview of the recent interdisciplinary research on the connection between sexual satisfaction and overall relationship happiness for couples. The authors discuss the literature on same- and opposite-sex couples and, cognizant of gender, race, and class differences, state a case for how specific aspects of sexuality, such as frequency of sex, emotion, and orgasm, affect individual and couple satisfaction. © 2009 by the National Sexuality Research Center. All rights reserved.
To examine the associations between three key developmental assets and an aspect of sexual health, sexual enjoyment, which has rarely been studied in young adults, although its importance is stressed in all recent sexual health policy statements.
Using data from wave III (2001-2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, and multiple logistic and ordered logistic regression, we explored the associations between sexual pleasure and autonomy, self-esteem, and empathy among 3,237 respondents aged 18-26 years in heterosexual relationships of ≥ 3-month duration. We also examined the distribution of sexual pleasure across various socio-demographic groups.
Compared with young women, young men reported more regular orgasms and more enjoyment of two kinds of partnered sexual behavior. Sexual enjoyment was not associated with age, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Among women, autonomy, self-esteem, and empathy co-varied positively with all three sexual enjoyment measures. Among men, all associations were in the same direction, but not all were statistically significant.
A substantial gender difference in enjoyment of partnered sexual behavior exists among emerging adults in the United States. This study is the first to use a representative population sample to find a relationship between developmental assets and a positive aspect of sexual health - sexual pleasure.
In the contemporary U.S., men and women are living longer and healthier lives. As such, many people spend greater portions of their lives as sexually active individuals. Yet, little is known about the myriad of ways that older adults experience their sexual lives.
This study sought to assess the context and frequency of sexual behaviors, condom use, sexual pleasure, and sexual experience of men and women over age 50.
Information regarding the sexual experiences of a nationally representative sample of men and women over age 50 within the past year was examined.
Sexual behavior over the past year was assessed in relation to several situational and contextual characteristics (e.g., event location, type of partner, health status, condom use). Participants were also asked about their experience (i.e., pleasure, arousal, pain, lubrication/erectile difficulties, and orgasm) during their most recent partnered sexual event. Bivariate or ordinal logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship of age, health and partner status to sexual frequency and experience.
Although sizable proportions (20-30%) of both men and women remained sexually active well into their 80s age was related to a lower likelihood of solo and most partnered sexual behaviors. When controlling for age, relationship status, and health remained significant predictors of select sexual behaviors. The participant's evaluation of their most recent sexual experience in terms of arousal, erectile difficulty, and orgasm all declined with age. Health status was related to men's evaluation of the experience. Relationship status was the most consistent predictor of women's evaluation of the experience. Condom use rates remained low for participants across age groups.
Many older adults continue be sexually active well into advanced age (80+). Thus, providers need to be attentive to the diverse sexual health needs of older adults.
Developing a sexual self-concept is an important developmental task of adolescence; however, little empirical evidence describes this development, nor how these changes are related to development in sexual behavior. Using longitudinal cohort data from adolescent women, we invoked latent growth curve analysis to: (1) examine reciprocal development in sexual self-concept (sexual openness, sexual esteem and sexual anxiety) over a four year time frame; (2) describe the relationship of these trajectories with changes in sexual behavior. We found significant transactional effects between these dimensions and behavior: sexual self-concept evolved during adolescence in a manner consistent with less reserve, less anxiety and greater personal comfort with sexuality and sexual behavior. Moreover, we found that sexual self-concept results from sexual behavior, as well as regulates future behavior.
The pursuit of pleasure is one of the primary reasons people have sex; and sex is the most common way people contract HIV worldwide. Yet information about how to have (or deliver) pleasurable sex and stay healthy are largely missing from health resources and HIV prevention campaigns. Wendy Knerr and Anne Philpott explore how ‘erotophobia’ in the health and development sectors is hindering effective safer sex promotion, and highlight best practices from The Global Mapping of Pleasure, 2nd Edition, a collection of case studies on pleasure and safer sex communication from countries and contexts around the world. Development (2009) 52, 95–100. doi:10.1057/dev.2008.79
Higgins, Trussell, Moore, and Davidson (2010) expand our understanding of sexual satisfaction by showing that first vaginal sex is more likely to be psychologically than physically satisfying and by revealing differences between women and men and similarities between African Americans and Whites. Their analyses highlight the need for further theory-building, explicating the dynamics of change over time, integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches, and articulating implications for public policy. These are crucial steps toward developing a social science of sexual satisfaction. More research that focuses on positive aspects of sexuality, such as satisfaction, should be encouraged.
Sexuality for women at all ages is a vital aspect of life satisfaction and is based upon continuing growth, development, and adaptation. The successful aging model includes physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being. There is no known published literature on the topic of sexual activities of older women and its implications on life and sexual satisfaction.
To investigate the sexual activities of older women in Israel, their levels of sexual satisfaction and life satisfaction, and to examine the relationship between the level of sexual activities, sexual satisfaction, and life satisfaction.
Components of the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory, and the Life Satisfaction Index.
A descriptive, correlational study guided by the theory of "successful aging" by Havighurst (1961) was conducted using a convenience sample of 127 women who attended a menopause clinic for routine and follow up care.
The research findings described older women as being involved in varied, though limited, sexual activities. There was no significant relationship discovered between the number of sexual activities and age. The level of sexual satisfaction of the studied sample was found to be above the mean score. Most of the women reported good sexual/intimate communication with their partners. Women were not satisfied with the limited variety in their sex life. Women reported a high level of life satisfaction. Ultimately, a positive significant correlation was discovered between sexual satisfaction and level of current sexual activity, and between sexual satisfaction and life satisfaction.
Older women are interested in continuing their sexual activities. It is a component of life satisfaction. The desire for sexual variety suggested an important area for patient education. Couple communication was deemed a priority. Health providers should include sexual health issues in their discussions with clients of all ages.
Little is known about women's use of vibrators within sexual partnerships. Data were collected from a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 2056 women aged 18-60 years in the United States. Partnered vibrator use was common among heterosexual-, lesbian-, and bisexual-identified women. Most vibrator users indicated comfort using them with a partner and vibrator use was related to positive sexual function as measured by the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). In addition, partner knowledge and perceived liking of vibrator use was a significant predictor of sexual satisfaction for heterosexual women (p < .01). Clinical and research implications are discussed.
Limited published data address the impact of low sexual desire and interest on multiple domains of women's partnered relationships.
To investigate associations between sexual interest and attitudes toward and frequency of partner interactions in women with reduced sexual desire.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using market research databases to recruit women from the general community in the United States, Germany, and Italy. Telephone interviews screened women to obtain a sample aged 18-65 years, in a relationship, and upset/bothered by decreased sexual desire. A 60-minute face-to-face questionnaire was conducted in participants' homes.
Attitudes Toward Partner Interactions (ATPI) index measured sexual and nonsexual partner interactions. Higher scores indicated more positive attitudes and a higher frequency of partner interactions. Sexual interest was assessed on a 6-point scale.
One thousand four hundred two of the 8,000 women screened met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate (USA N = 600, Germany N = 402, Italy N = 400). A high percentage of participants reported that their sexual interest was absent to very weak (45%) or somewhat weak (43%). Mean ATPI scores increased significantly across sexual interest categories, from absent to very weak (3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.4 to 4.0) to somewhat weak (5.3, 95% CI 5.0 to 5.6) to somewhat strong or greater sexual interest (7.8, 95% CI 7.3 to 8.4) (one-way analysis of variance, effect size = 0.129, P = 0.001). Higher reported sexual interest was significantly associated with comparatively positive ATPI scores (above the median) (Phi-Kraemer, K = 0.194 P < 0.001).
Clinicians need to be aware that women suffering from characteristics of hypoactive sexual desire disorder have more negative patterns of partner interactions.
Some sex therapists and educators assume that many sexual behaviors provide comparable sexual satisfaction. Evidence is required to determine whether sexual behaviors differ in their associations with both sexual satisfaction and satisfaction with other aspects of life.
To test the hypothesis that satisfaction with sex life, life in general, sexual partnership, and mental health correlates directly with frequency of penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) and inversely with frequency of both masturbation and partnered sexual activity excluding PVI (noncoital sex).
A representative sample of 2,810 Swedes reported frequency of PVI, noncoital sex, and masturbation during the past 30 days, and degree of satisfaction with their sex life, life in general, partnership, and mental health.
Multivariate analyses (for the sexes separately and combined) considering the different satisfaction parameters as dependent variables, and the different types of sexual activities (and age) as putative predictors.
For both sexes, multivariate analyses revealed that PVI frequency was directly associated with all satisfaction measures (part correlation = 0.50 with sexual satisfaction), masturbation frequency was independently inversely associated with almost all satisfaction measures, and noncoital sex frequencies independently inversely associated with some satisfaction measures (and uncorrelated with the rest). Age did not confound the results.
The results are consistent with evidence that specifically PVI frequency, rather than other sexual activities, is associated with sexual satisfaction, health, and well-being. Inverse associations between satisfaction and masturbation are not due simply to insufficient PVI.
Although pregnancy ambivalence is consistently associated with poorer contraceptive use, little is known about the sexual, social and emotional dynamics at work in pregnancy ambivalence.
During in-depth sexual and reproductive history interviews conducted in 2003, 36 women and men were asked about the relational and emotional circumstances surrounding each pregnancy, as well as their thoughts about conceiving a baby with both current and previous partners. An ethnographic, inductive approach was used to analyze the data.
Half of respondents had experienced at least one unintended pregnancy. Respondents described three categories of pleasure related to pregnancy ambivalence: active eroticization of risk, in which pregnancy fantasies heightened the charge of the sexual encounter; passive romanticization of pregnancy, in which people neither actively sought nor prevented conception; and an escapist pleasure in imagining that a pregnancy would sweep one away from hardship. All three categories were associated with misuse or nonuse of coitus-dependent methods.
For some individuals, the perceived emotional and sexual benefits of conception may outweigh the goal of averting conception, even when a child is not wholly intended. Future behavioral studies should collect more nuanced data on pregnancy-related pleasure. Clinicians and patients would benefit from clearer guidelines for assessing ambivalence and for linking ambivalent clients with longer-acting methods that are not coitus-dependent.
Sexuality and power relations based on gender are relevant to researchers, policymakers, and service providers in the reproductive health field, because they underlie virtually all of the behaviors and conditions that their programs address. Yet, a review of conventional treatments in the demographic and family planning literature reveals that, when they consider these topics at all, researchers typically adopt narrow definitions of sexual behavior and focus almost exclusively on risks of pregnancy and disease. This article proposes an analytic framework as a guide to researchers and family planning providers. It relates four dimensions of sexuality to reproductive health outcomes and concludes that family planning policies and programs should address a broader spectrum of sexual behaviors and meanings, consider questions of sexual enjoyment as well as risk, and confront ideologies of male entitlement that threaten women's sexual and reproductive rights and health.
Despite the fact that choosing a contraceptive method is often a decision made by couples, little is known about how men and women differ in their perceptions of the characteristics of various method types, and in the importance that they attach to those characteristics when choosing a contraceptive method.
The data analyzed here are subsets from two companion surveys conducted in 1991--1,189 men aged 20-27 who were surveyed in the National Survey of Men and 740 women aged 20-27 who were surveyed in the National Survey of Women. Multivariate ordered logit analysis is used to examine how gender is related to both the importance that individuals assign to seven specific contraceptive characteristics when choosing a method, and to perceptions about the extent to which five common method types possess each of these characteristics.
Women rank pregnancy prevention as the single most important contraceptive characteristic when choosing a method, with 90% citing it as "very important." The health risks associated with particular methods and protection from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are rated as the second most important characteristics by women (each mentioned as "very important" by 77%). In contrast, men consider STD prevention for themselves and their partner to be just as important as pregnancy protection (each mentioned as "very important" by 84-86%), and they rank STD prevention as more important than other health risks (by 72%). Women, but not men, rank both ease of use and the need to plan ahead as being more important characteristics than a method's interference with sexual pleasure. Both men and women have an accurate understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of particular methods, but differ enough in their perceptions to alter the relative attractiveness of each method. In particular, women have more favorable perceptions than men about the pill, being somewhat more likely than men to believe that the pill is "very good" at preventing pregnancy (75% vs. 67%) and to say that it is very good at not interfering with sexual pleasure (82% vs. 76%). In contrast, women have generally less favorable perceptions than men about other reversible methods, including the condom: Women were less likely than men to consider the condom very good at pregnancy prevention (29% vs. 46%) or at having no need for advance planning (22% vs. 38%). Gender differences in perceptions about the specific characteristics of contraceptive methods often vary by marital status.
Men and women have somewhat different priorities when choosing a contraceptive method. Despite many similarities between women and men in their perceptions about the characteristics of each method type, numerous differences between them may have an important influence on how couples make their method choices.
Sexual health is a complex, multidimensional construct. In analyzing race and ethnicity in sexual health, this article examines 2 domains of discourse: (1) preventive sexual health, a public health oriented domain of discourse concerned with the prevention of disease, and (2) eudaemonic sexual health, a domain of discourse concerned with attainment of sexual pleasure within a moral context. Research on the sexual health of ethnic minority populations is typically focused on preventive sexual health. There is an underemphasis on eudaemonic discourses when applied to ethnic minority persons, particularly in the examination of ethnic variations in sexual dysfunction. Medicalization of sexual dysfunction, control of minority sexualities, and ethnically oriented cultural scenarios are cited as reasons for this underemphasis. Exploring racial/ethnic aspects of eudaemonic sexual health can deepen understanding of sexual health in multiple domains and strengthen the ability to promote sexual health for all.
Effective STD and pregnancy prevention efforts should benefit from knowledge of what motivates adolescents to have sex. Positive motivations, and how they differ by gender and sexual experience, are poorly understood.
A sample of 637 ninth graders were asked about their relationship goals, expectations of the degree to which sex would satisfy these goals and sexual experience. Three scales measured adolescents' goals for intimacy, sexual pleasure and social status within a romantic relationship. Another three scales measured expectations that sex would lead to these goals. Data were examined in analyses of variance and mixed models.
Participants valued intimacy the most, then social status and, finally, sexual pleasure. These relationship goals differed significantly by gender and sexual experience. Females valued intimacy significantly more and sexual pleasure less than males. Sexually experienced adolescents valued both intimacy and pleasure more than sexually inexperienced adolescents. Among females, but not males, sexually experienced adolescents valued the goal of social status less than those with no sexual experience did. Adolescents expected that sex would most likely lead to sexual pleasure, then intimacy and, finally, social status. Females and sexually inexperienced adolescents reported lower expectations that sex would meet goals than did males and sexually experienced participants.
Adolescents view intimacy, sexual pleasure and social status as important goals in a relationship. Many have strong positive expectations that sex would satisfy these goals. Prevention programs and providers should address the risks of sex in the context of expected benefits.
Most sexual health education programmes use fear and risk of disease to try to motivate people to practise safer sex. This gives the impression that safer sex and pleasurable sex are mutually exclusive. Yet there is growing evidence that promoting pleasure alongside safer sex messaging can increase the consistent use of condoms and other forms of safer sex. To this end, the Pleasure Project created The Global Mapping of Pleasure, a document that identifies projects and organisations worldwide that put pleasure first in HIV prevention and sexual health promotion, and sexually provocative media that include safer sex. This article summarises some of the findings of this mapping exercise and what we learned about incorporating pleasure from it. We found that there are a variety of organisations, including religious and youth groups, and HIV/AIDS organisations and NGOs, promoting pleasurable safer sex. The techniques they use include promoting sexual techniques and dialogue about sex, teaching married couples how to have better sex and putting images of desire in sexual education materials. This paper focuses on ways of eroticising female and male condoms as examples of effective ways of using pleasure in HIV prevention and sexual health promotion.
Unsafe sex is the second highest cause of the global burden of disease. 2 Therefore, an urgent need exists to amplify effective use of evidence-based measures to diminish this burden, including barrier methods that protect against both STI and pregnancy (male and female condoms). The limited effect, so far, of public-health campaigns to promote effective use of these barrier methods might be attributable, in part, to scare tactics that emphasise adverse consequences of sexual acts. Promotion of pleasure in use of male and female condoms—alongside safer sex messages—can facilitate consistent use of condoms and boost their effectiveness to protect against STI and pregnancy. 3-6 Therefore, the effect of public-health initiatives that emphasise positive outcomes of use of male and female condoms as barrier methods, and positive results of practising other forms of safer sex, need to be investigated. Such work includes the potential for safer sex to contribute to good health and hygiene in general (and a healthy sex life in particular), to reduce anxiety about risk of STI and pregnancy, and, quite simply, to make sex more pleasurable. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the potential for increasing condom uptake and safer sexual behaviours by promoting pleasurable aspects of condom use in public-health campaigns. We have chosen to focus on evidence that male and female condoms can be promoted by discussion of pleasure. However, we acknowledge that many other elements of safer sex are both pleasurable and safe, including all non-penetrative sex, new potential prevention technologies (such as microbicides, which could be marketed as sexual lubricants), and sex without any physical contact (such as internet and telephone sex).
Relationships between condoms, hormon-al methods, and sexual pleasure and satisfaction: an exploratory analysis from the women's well-being and sexuality study
- Higgins Ja S Hoffman
- Graham Ca Sanders
- Sa
Higgins JA, Hoffman S, Graham CA, Sanders SA (2008) Relationships between condoms, hormon-al methods, and sexual pleasure and satisfaction: an exploratory analysis from the women's well-being and sexuality study. Sex Health 5(4):321– 330
Psychosocial factors impacting condom use among adolescents: a review and theoretical integration
- Gw Harper
- Sg Hosek
- R Contreras
- M Doll
Contraceptive characteristics: the perceptions and priorities of men and women
- W R Grady
- D H Klepinger
- Grady
Covert use, vaginal lubrication and sexual pleasure: a qualitative study of urban U.S. women in a vaginal microbicide clinical trial
- S Hoffman
- K M Morrow
- J E Mantell
- Hoffman
Women’s vibrator use in sexual partnerships: results from a nationally representative survey
- D Herbenick
- M R Reece
- B Dodge
- Herbenick