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Multivariate Analysis With Latent Variables: Causal Modeling
... The factor loadings of the statements reflecting all variables used in the research comply with this proposition. The fit index values of the model created for the aims of the research met the suitability criteria (Bentler, 1980;Baumgartner and Homburg, 1996). In the reliability process, on the other hand, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency values of all the instruments used in the study were above the Goodness-of-fit indexes Perfect fit criteria Acceptable fit criteria (Bentler, 1980;Baumgartner and Homburg, 1996) ...
... The fit index values of the model created for the aims of the research met the suitability criteria (Bentler, 1980;Baumgartner and Homburg, 1996). In the reliability process, on the other hand, the Cronbach's alpha internal consistency values of all the instruments used in the study were above the Goodness-of-fit indexes Perfect fit criteria Acceptable fit criteria (Bentler, 1980;Baumgartner and Homburg, 1996) ...
... RMR (Bentler, 1980;Baumgartner and Homburg, 1996) 0.00 ≤ RMR ≤ 0.05 0.05 ≤ RMR ≤ 0.10 RMSEA (Bentler, 1980;Baumgartner and Homburg, 1996) 0.00 ≤ RMSEA ≤0.05 0.05 ≤ RMSEA ≤0.08 ...
Introduction
Through nature-based leisure activities, spending time in nature offers opportunities to reduce stress, relax the mind, and enhance feelings of well-being. Being aware of the benefits provided by these activities increases the nature relatedness, and during the time spent in nature, it enables experiencing positive and satisfying moments by entering into a state of flow. The concepts of nature-relatedness and flow experience represent psychological experiences and characteristics that play an important role in enhancing psychological well-being and life quality.
Methods
Based on structural equation models, the relationships among nature-relatedness, flow experience, and environmental behaviors were investigated. Data were collected from 379 individuals (212 male, 167 female) who regularly engage in nature-based leisure activities such as cycling, hiking, and fishing. The participants were predominantly male (55.9%) and aged 45 years and over (53.3%).
Results
The nature-relatedness significantly influences flow experience (R² = 0.505, p < 0.01), environmental behavior (R² = 0.108, p < 0.01), environmental sensitivity (R² = 0.137, p < 0.01), and communication with nature (R² = 0.200, p < 0.01). Specifically, nature-relatedness directly enhanced environmental sensitivity (0.494 total effect), environmental behavior (0.604 total effect), and communication with nature (0.599 total effect) and did so both directly and indirectly through the mediation of flow experience.
Discussion
A higher level of nature-relatedness can lead to a stronger flow experience, which in turn can increase positive. environmental behavior, environmental sensitivity, and communication with nature.
... RMSEA=.058) , the validity of the scale was ensured (Kline, 2011;Baumgartner & Homburg, 1996;Bentler, 1980;Schermelleh-Engel & Moosbrugger, 2003;Brown, 2006;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). The factor loads obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale were found to be between 0.57 and 0.83 for the vigor sub-dimension, between 0.60 and 0.81 for the devotion sub-dimension, and between 0.60 and 0.78 for the absorption sub-dimension. ...
... SRMR=.042, RMSEA=.062) were within the acceptable range, it can be said that the scale has validity (Kline, 2011;Baumgartner & Homburg, 1996;Bentler, 1980;Schermelleh-Engel & Moosbrugger, 2003;Brown, 2006;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). The factor loads obtained as a result of the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale were found to be between .55 and .75 in the dimension of individual creativity, between .47 and .87 in the dimension of managerial creativity and between .51 and .88 in the dimension of social creativity. ...
... SRMR=.051, RMSEA=.058) are proof that the scale is in acceptable fit (Baumgartner & Homburg, 1996;Bentler, 1980;Schermelleh-Engel & Moosbrugger, 2003;Brown, 2006;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). In the "Error Competence" dimension, it was decided to make a correlation between the 4 th and 5 th items together with the expert opinion, and the model took its final shape. ...
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of error management culture and work engagement behaviors on organizational creativity. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, the relational screening model was used since it was aimed to determine the relationship, relational change, effect and their degrees between at least two variables. In the 2018-2019 academic year, 747 teachers working in primary and secondary schools in five education regions in the city center of Elaziğ constitute the sample of the research. Relational screening model was used. The “Error Management Culture” scale was developed by the researcher. In the research, structural equation analysis was used to measure the effects of error management culture and work engagement behaviors on organizational creativity, and correlation analysis was used to measure the relationship between these concepts. In this research, a mediation analysis was conducted considering that the error management culture has a mediating role in the effect of work engagement behaviors on organizational creativity. Findings: In the research, it has been determined that the error management culture and the behaviors of work engagement have a significant relationship with organizational creativity. Error management culture and work engagement predict organizational creativity positively, significantly and weakly. In the mediation analysis, it was concluded that the error management culture partially mediate the effect of work engagement behaviors on organizational creativity. Highlights: In schools, practices that support teachers’ engagement to work should be included. In addition, in-service trainings and informative trainings on managing errors should be given to administrators and teachers.
... psychometric properties. The study conducted in Mexico [12] reported a good fit [21][22][23] for the five-factor model with solid factor loadings. Item E3 from the engagement factor "How often do you lose track of time while doing something you enjoy?" had the lowest loading (0.47) compared to the other items. ...
... Fit indices recommended by different studies as adequate for the factorial validation of the PERMA Profiler were in the acceptable range. [21][22][23] The fit indices were in consensus with the findings among the samples from America, [19] Australia, [15] and European countries. [18] These studies also supported a higher-order factor structure for the PERMA Profiler. ...
Background
The PERMA Profiler is a 23-item questionnaire that measures five pillars of well-being as conceptualized by the PERMA Theory of Well-being. PERMA stands for Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment.
Aims and Objectives
The present study observed the normative information and assessed the factorial validity and reliability of the PERMA Profiler among emerging adult women (aged between 17 and 23) from different states in South India.
Materials and Methods
A total of 309 participants completed the PERMA Profiler. We used Shapiro-Wilk’s test to assess normality, descriptive statistics to establish normative data, and t -test and ANOVA to measure the impact of demographic variables on well-being. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and factor structure was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Convergent and discriminant validity of the scale was also assessed.
Results
Findings showed that age could influence the relationship factor of the PERMA Profiler. Normative data indicated that women in India are lower in PERMA factors, happiness, and well-being compared to the Western, European, Asian, and African countries. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the PERMA Profiler fits the five-factor correlational and hierarchical models. The PERMA factors failed to show adequate discriminant validity. Only meaning showed acceptable convergent validity.
Conclusion
The study provided reasonably comprehensive normative information on the PERMA Profiler for emerging adult women from India. It can be recommended as a valid tool that gives greater weight to well-being as an underlying construct rather than the factors.
... NNFI, NFI, and CFI values range from 0 to 1 and represent the proportion of sample covariance accounted for by the hypothesized model. Well-fitting models typically have values of .90 or higher for some or all of these indices (Bentler et al., 1980;McGeeetal., 1992). ...
... We conducted all statistical analyses using SPSS for Windows, Version 6.0 (SPSS; Chicago, IL), with the exception of confirmatory factor analyses, for which we used EQS software (Bentler, 1980;Bentler et al., 1980) implemented through SAS (SAS Institute Inc., 1989). For the 21 variables used in the factor analysis, Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was 840, p < .0001, ...
The association of 21 problem and positive behaviors was explored in a sample of 283 inner-city, African American youths of ages 8 through 12. Data reduction yielded 4 factors, 3 representing different types or levels of problem behavior, labeled Interpersonal–Minor Deviance, School Problems, and Covert–High Deviance, and 1 representing positive behaviors. The 3 problem behavior factors, although not the positive behavior factor, were significantly correlated with an underlying second-order general deviance factor. The problem behavior clusters identified differed by the settings in which they occur as well as their inherent magnitude of deviance. Discriminant validity analyses confirmed that deviance was not a unitary phenomenon. Limitations as well as other implications of the data are discussed.
... nd items that were thought to negatively affect validity were removed from the scale. Thus, a measurement tool consisting of a total of five dimensions and 19 items named as physical environment preference, function preference, activity preference, conservation preference and utilization preference was (Kline, 2011), 2 (Baumgartner & Homburg, 1996;P. M. Bentler, 1980;P. Bentler & Bonett, 1980;Marsh et al., 2009), 3 (M. W. Browne & Cudeck, 1992). According to the results of the study, the most effective factor in the urban space preference of the participants is the Physical Environment Preference factor with an explanation rate of 24.9%. When this factor is analyzed together with its variables, it re ...
... Since Bentler advocated for the use of SEM in addressing latent variables within psychological science, it has evolved into a commonplace statistical analysis technique utilized in both theoretical investigations and empirical validations across various disciplines [77]. Because latent variables possess an abstract nature, they can be represented by multiple observed variables, which are comparatively simpler to measure [78]. ...
The urban renewal (UR) process involves various stakeholders and related activities, and the various risks arising from this endeavor can affect these stakeholders. Additionally, the impact of adverse factors such as policy discontinuity and inequitable distribution of benefits among stakeholders can easily result in collective tensions or conflicts, as well as the gradual emergence of potential social frictions and confrontations. These social risks (SRs) not only impede the smooth execution of urban renewal projects but also pose challenges to social harmony and stability. Hence, to mitigate and control the SRs in the UR process (URSRs) and ensure the successful implementation of effective and sustainable UR projects, it is of paramount importance to gain a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence and evolution mechanisms of these SRs. Although existing studies have touched upon the influence of stakeholder conflicts on URSRs, there remains a lack of systematic examination of the evolution mechanisms of these risks from the perspective of stakeholder theory. The resulting fragmented and specialized comprehension of URSRs has hindered the effectiveness of risk governance strategies. This study adopts stakeholder theory to analyze the potential sources of risk throughout the entire UR process. By considering the conflicts of interests among stakeholders, a systematic analysis of the evolution mechanisms of URSRs is explored and targeted governance recommendations for URSRs are proposed.
... Structural Model SRMR (standardized root mean square residual) was a measure of the approximate model fit of the proposed research model. By convention, a model had a good model fit when SRMR was less than 0.08 (Bentler, 1980). The report results in Table noted that the model had SRMR indices = 0.077 < 0.08. ...
Cause-related marketing (CRM) has grown in recent years as it significantly impacts businesses, charitable organizations, and customers. CRM is beneficial for any organization in two ways. First, it develops a positive image of the organization being socially responsible and gets easily differentiated among its competitors. Secondly, being emotionally loaded with a social cause, CRM grasps more attention among its existing and potential customers. It ultimately increases sales and builds brand equity. Keeping in view the importance of CRM, especially in the context of
Pakistani young customers (millennials), this research aims to investigate how CRM transforms into purchase intention through emotional arousal and altruistic motivation using Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Model. Using convenience sampling, data was collected from 311 generation Y (millennials) customers from Pakistan. Smart PLS was used to analyze direct and indirect relationships among variables. Results indicate that emotional arousal partially mediates between CRM and purchase intention. Similarly, Emotional arousal also partially mediates
between CRM and altruistic motivation. On the other hand, no mediation effect of altruistic motivation was found between CRM and purchase intention. Altruistic motivation didn’t also mediate between emotional arousal and purchase intention. Finally, the sequential mediation effect of emotional arousal and altruistic motivation between CRM and purchase intention was also found insignificant. The study suggests that organizations should advertise their products in collaboration with different NGOs in order to get maximum purchases. Furthermore, CRM campaigns
should focus more on the emotional arousal of customers. Finally, policies should be devised at the government level that encourages companies to market their products based on social causes benefitting the nation.
... Furthermore, the findings regarding the goodness-of-fit scores of the measurement models are given in Table 3. These goodness-of-fit values indicated that the measurement models were acceptable (Baumgartner & Homburg, 1996;Bentler, 1980;Bentler & Bonett, 1980;Browne & Cudeck, 1992;Hair, 2009;Marsh et al., 2006). Therefore, it can be said that the measurement tools used in the research were valid and reliable. ...
... 3. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA): This involves assessing the fit of the model. Several fit indices should meet specific criteria, such as a chisquared to degrees of freedom ratio (Cmin/df) of less than or equal to 5 (Bentler, 1980), a Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) greater than 0.9, a comparative fit index (CFI) greater than 0.9, a normal fit index (NFI) greater than 0.9 (Hu & Bentler, 1998), and a root mean square error approximation (RMSEA) less than 0.05 (Browne & Cudeck, 1992). ...
The stock market is a medium and long-term capital channel for the economy. The stock market only operates effectively when market participants operate effectively. As a core subject, the activities of securities companies have a great influence on the stable and sustainable development of the stock market, as well as on the existence and development of the securities companies themselves. Up to now, research on theoretical and empirical frameworks to clarify the relationship between satisfaction and engagement with performance in securities companies is still limited, especially research on securities companies on the stock market have the goal of upgrading the market from frontier to emerging market like Vietnam. This study proposes solutions to help top managers in Vietnamese securities companies enhance satisfaction, engagement, and organizational effectiveness. The research model was developed based on data collected from 1,250 survey responses from securities companies. By employing quantitative research using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in SPSS 20 and SPSS Amos 20 software, the results identified four factors influencing the satisfaction, engagement, and effectiveness of Vietnamese securities companies: 1) reliable and ethically driven top-level management; 2) appropriate job assignments, positions, and core technology systems supporting work; 3) employees’ income significantly affects the company’s effectiveness. Based on the research findings, this paper provides recommendations for securities companies in constructing management policies.
... Uyum indekslerine ilişkin mükemmel ve kabul edilebilir uyum ölçütleri Tablo 12'de sunulmuştur (İlhan M. ve Çetin B., 2014:26). (Kline, 2011),2(Schermelleh-Engel andMoosbrugger, 2003), 3 (Baumgartner and Homburg, 1996;Bentler, 1980;Bentler and Bonett, 1980;Marsh, Hau, Artelt, Baumert and Peschar, 2006), 4 (Browne &Cudeck, 1993), 5(Hu andBentler, 1999), 6 (Meyers, Gamst and Guarino, 2006), 7 (Byrne, 2010) Örgütsel modelin alt ölçeklerle (duygusal, devam ve bağlılık) model önerisi ve örgütsel modelin demografik değişkenlere göre analizleri yukarıda bahsedilen istatistikler yardımıyla sırasıyla ele alınacaktır. ...
... We calculated descriptive statistics (frequencies, mean, median, mode, range, skew, kurtosis) for each PedsQL item, and we then scored the PedsQL according to standard scoring instructions to construct four scales: Physical Functioning Scale, Emotional Functioning Scale, Social Functioning Scale, and Cognitive/School Functioning Scale. To evaluate the structural validity of the PedsQL, we used covariance structure modeling to perform a confirmatory factor analysis of the hypothesized factor structure for each age group version [47]. We evaluated each version separately for structural validity given that the versions differ in terms of item wording, numbers of items, and number of constructs, which prevents the use of a unified model. ...
Purpose
Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with suspected genetic conditions is important for understanding the effect of interventions such as genomic sequencing (GS). The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is a widely used generic measure of HRQoL in pediatric patients, but its psychometric properties have not yet been evaluated in children undergoing diagnostic GS.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed caregivers at the time of their child’s enrollment into GS research studies as part of the Clinical Sequencing Evidence Generating Research (CSER) consortium. To evaluate structural validity of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales and PedsQL Infant Scales parent proxy-report versions, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis of the hypothesized factor structure. To evaluate convergent validity, we examined correlations between caregivers’ reports of their child’s health, assessed using the EQ VAS, and PedsQL scores by child age. We conducted linear regression analyses to examine whether age moderated the association between caregiver-reported child health and PedsQL scores. We assessed reliability using Cronbach’s alpha.
Results
We analyzed data for 766 patients across all PedsQL age group versions (1–12 months through 13–18 years). Model fit failed to meet criteria for good fit, even after modification. Neither age group (categorical) nor age (continuous) significantly moderated associations between PedsQL scores and caregiver-reported child health. Cronbach’s alphas indicated satisfactory internal consistency for most PedsQL scales.
Conclusion
The PedsQL Generic Core Scales and Infant Scales may be appropriate to measure HRQoL in pediatric patients with suspected genetic conditions across a wide age range. While we found evidence of acceptable internal consistency and preliminary convergent validity in this sample, there were some potential problems with structural validity and reliability that require further attention.
... (Yılmaz, 2019). KMO değerinin 0,60'a eşit ya da 0,60'ın üstünde olması faktör analizi yapılabilmek için yeterlidir (Gürbüz ve Şahin, 2018, s. 320 (Kline, 2011), NFI≤1.00 (Bentler ve Bonett,1980), RMSEA≤0.05 (Chen, Curran, Bollen, Kirby ve Paxton (2008), GFI≤1.00 (Bentler, 1980), CFI≤1.00 (Baumgartner ve Homburg, 1996) Örgütsel vatandaşlık ve örgütsel sessizlik negatif yönde (r=-,534) ilişkilidir. Buna göre çalışanların kurumdaki örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarının yüksek olması iş yerinde meydana gelen olumsuz olaylara karşı sessiz kalmayacakları anlamına gelmektedir. ...
... Within AMOS, full information maximum likelihood was used to estimate missing data (Wothke, 2000). The overall fit of the hypothesized model was assessed using the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1980) and the root-mean-square error of approximation (RMSEA; Steiger & Lind, 1980). Based on existing conventions (Hu & Bentler, 1999), we viewed CFI scores greater than .95 ...
This article presents a short-term longitudinal study examining bidirectional associations between academic achievement and positive peer regard among Asian American and Latinx adolescents. Specifically, our investigation distinguished between positive peer regard within and across different ethnic groups in a diverse school setting. Three hundred and thirty-five middle school students (52.8% girls; 65% Asian American, 35% Latinx; assessment at the first time point Mage = 12.27 years, SD = 0.71) were followed across two consecutive school years. Participants completed a peer-nomination inventory assessing multiple dimensions of positive peer regard (i.e., reciprocal friendship, social acceptance, and respect), and grades were obtained from school records. Academic achievement was predictive of prospective positive peer regard received from same-ethnic peers only for Asian American adolescents. In contrast, academic achievement predicted prospective positive peer regard received from cross-ethnic peers only for Latinx adolescents. These results suggest that academic achievement was linked to social gains with peers from different ethnic backgrounds for Asian American and Latinx students. The findings underscore the importance of disentangling the sources of positive peer regard in multiethnic school environments.
... ÇalıĢmanın bu kısmında açımlayıcı faktör analiziyle belirlenen faktörleri ya da boyutlarını doğrulamak ve ölçeğin geçerliliğini ve güvenilirliğini ölçmek amacıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizinden yararlanılmıĢtır. Bu analizde 2 değeri, önerilen modelin istatistiki açıdan uygun olup olmadığının belirlenmesinde kullanılan bir değerdir (Güleç vd., 2011: 72 (Baumgartner ve Homburg, 1996;Bentler, 1980;Bentler ve Bonett, 1980;Marsh, Hau, Artelt, Baumert ve Peschar, 2006). ...
Millennium and later, there is a world order where competition and the use of digital technology rapidly change the way they do business. New developments also bring up relationships between job stress, positive psychological capital and turnover intention. The aim of the study; to investigate the effects of job stress and positive psychological capital on the turnover intention. In this context, data obtained from 356 participants, who were returned and found suitable for valuation, were subjected to valuation through questionnaire questions directed to employees in goverment, private and participation banks in Konya. As a result of the appraisal, it was determined that there is a moderate (r =-.516 p <.01) relationship between job stress level and turnover intention. In addition, it has been determined that there is a correlation between each dimension of positive psychological capital level and turnover intention.
... If necessary, two will suffice, but three or more is preferred. While more is generally better, too many observed variables can make it difficult to estimate and fit the model to the data (Bentler, 1980). We believe some observed variables may relate to more than one community capital and explore whether these expectations are supported in preliminary exploratory factor analysis results and our SEM design. ...
The concept of community resilience has garnered a great deal of attention in the past decade and many theoretical constructs have been proposed to model resilience, including the community capitals framework. However, while the community capitals framework has been developed theoretically and subcomponents have been quantified, little research has attempted to address the community capitals framework as a whole and test how well the theorical constructs fit together. Using a structural equation model, we empirically investigate the community capitals framework and test how variables identified in the literature combine to predict community resilience. We find that, while many variables in the theoretical literature perform poorly, the overall framework provides a compelling avenue for addressing economic resilience.
... The Comparative Fit Index (CFI) [95] offers a similar test to CMIN/df but with consideration of the sample size and its reliable properties have made it the most commonly used index today [19]. A cut-off value of .95 or higher is generally considered to indicate good fit [22], [19], [26]. The Root Mean Error of Approximation (RMSEA) by Steiger & Lind [96] also provides an index that considers sample size but adds to this a parsimony This article has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. ...
Team diversity can be seen as a double-edged sword. It brings additional cognitive resources to teams at the risk of increased conflict. Few studies have investigated how different types of diversity impact software teams. This study views diversity through the lens of the categorization-elaboration model (CEM). We investigated how diversity in gender, age, role, and cultural background impacts team effectiveness and conflict, and how these associations are moderated by psychological safety. Our sample consisted of 1,118 participants from 161 teams and was analysed with Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM). We found a positive effect of age diversity on team effectiveness and gender diversity on relational conflict. Psychological safety contributed directly to effective teamwork and less conflict but did not moderate the diversity-effectiveness link. While our results are consistent with the CEM theory for age and gender diversity, other types of diversity did not yield similar results. We discuss several reasons for this, including curvilinear effects, moderators such as task interdependence, or the presence of a diversity mindset. With this paper, we argue that a dichotomous nature of diversity is oversimplified. Indeed, it is a complex relationship where context plays a pivotal role. A more nuanced understanding of diversity through the lens of theories, such as the CEM, may lead to more effective teamwork.
... The tool has evolved from a methodology known as "causal modelling" [77][78][79]. SEM enables the modelling of the relationships between latent factors based on a priori hypotheses. The path diagram, which is composed of causal links [80], represents the causal model of the hypothesis tested quantitatively, with the margin of error being verified [81,82]. ...
Urban regeneration works on the tangible and intangible assets of a city or part of a city. The research aimed at formulating an assessment methodology that allows for the simultaneous consideration of the tangible and intangible aspects that constitute the qualities of a part of a city. The theoretical frame of reference identifies conceptual frameworks to guide the assessment. Quality of life (QOL) and walkability (W) are chosen as the intangible and tangible dimensions, respectively. The methodology designed had to take summary variables into account for tangible elements. Similarly, walkability was summarised in complex variables carried over to observable and measurable variables. Finally, the QOL and W variables are considered in their dialectical and dynamic relationship. The statistical tools used to assess quality of life and walkability were different. The assessment of QOL and walkability was carried out using the tool of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which can estimate latent variables from observed variables. The interaction between the variables was investigated using structural equation modelling (SEM). The sample surveyed to investigate the quality of the Piave neighbourhood, in the mainland part of the city of Venice, consists of 169 people. The results of the models highlight the relevance of the method used, given the satisfactory statistical indexes obtained. The results are also relevant from an empirical point of view. The study highlights the fact that the significant quality of the space that ensures high levels of accessibility is far from being matched by the quality of social relations, deemed problematic by the majority of those interviewed.
... The data set correctly fits the suggested structural model, hence the hypothesis is accepted (Anderson & Gerbing, 1988;Bentler, 1980). ...
Entrepreneurship is a driving force in finding a source of income for an unemployed group. Entrepreneurs should design their products/services by emotionally connecting to their customers. This study attempts to develop a model by making use of structural equation modeling techniques for integrating the design thinking approach and emotional intelligence (EI) to enhance entrepreneurial attitudes among existing and budding entrepreneurs who are in the student community which will lead to sustainable performance. The model considered the five steps of the design thinking approach empathizing, designing, ideating, prototyping, and testing. The model enables the connection between the five design thinking stages and the components of EI. Both design thinking and EI will help attain an entrepreneurial attitude, which includes components like attitude towards business startup, marketing, recording of finance, good communication, effective leadership, and problem-solving ability. The findings of the study clearly show that EI positively influences the design-thinking process among students. Design thinking mediates EI’s influence on students’ entrepreneurial attitudes. The research study has suggested a model which will be helpful for those students who have an inner calling to become emotionally strong entrepreneurs who can be the pillars for the sustainable wellness of society.
... Although a significance level of p-value not being significant at .01 was expected in the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it turned out to be significant due to the large sample size. Source: 1 Kline, 2011, 2 Browne & Cudeck, 1993, 3 Baumgartner & Homburg, 1996Bentler, 1980;Bentler & Bonett, 1980;Marsh, Hau, Artelt, Baumert & Peschar, 2006, 4 Schermelleh-Engel & Moosbrugger, 2003 When Table 7 is examined, the chi-square value (χ²= 2471.49; p= .00) ...
The purpose of this research is to develop a Likert-type scale aimed at determining how quality indicators in higher education are perceived by faculty members. A pilot study of the research was conducted with the participation of 390 faculty members. As a result of the factor analysis applied to test the construct validity of the 67-item draft scale, a measurement tool consisting of 9 dimensions and 49 items was developed. The first dimension is named Education and Instruction, the second is Structure of the University, the third is Socio-Cultural Opportunities, the fourth is Internationalization, the fifth is Economic Opportunities, the sixth is Student Requirements, the seventh is Accreditation, the eighth is Preferability, and the ninth is Technological Competence. The overall Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale has been calculated as 0.96. Additionally, as a result of the independent groups t-test for the reliability of the scale, it has been determined that items and factors are distinctive between the lower and upper 27% groups; the item-total and item-remainder correlation values are significant. Correlation coefficients between factors and the test-retest correlation coefficient for the entire scale have been found significant. Based on the conducted analyses, the validity and reliability of the scale have been established. The scale has been named the Higher Education Quality Indicators: Faculty Member Scale (HEQIFMS).
... Bentler and Bonett (1980) suggested that this value between 0.85 and 0.9 is also a good fit. In addition, Bentler (1980) stated that a CFI value between 0.8 and 0.9 indicates an acceptable fit. As a result of the analysis, CFI was found to be 0.9, which was acceptable. ...
In this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to be used for 3rd and 4th grade primary school students to evaluate positive discourse in teaching processes. For the study, an item pool was created by reviewing the literature on discourse and positive discourse. The prepared items were made ready after expert evaluations and pre-application to students. After the scale was applied, exploratory factor analysis was performed within the scope of validity and it was concluded that it had 4 sub-dimensions consisting of 25 items explaining 51% of the total variance. Then, confirmatory factor analysis was performed and it was concluded that the chi-square value (χ 2/sd ) was 1.87, SRMR value was 0.05, TLI value was 0.88 and CFI value was 0.9. It was found that the scale was compatible with this structure. At the same time, Cronbach Alpha value and McDonald's Omega coefficient were calculated in the reliability calculations of the scale. It was concluded that the Cronbach Alpha value for the whole Positive Discourse in Teaching Scale was 0.91 and McDonald's Omega coefficient was 0.91. It can be stated that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for primary school 3rd and 4th grade students. This scale was developed to enable primary school students to evaluate positive discourse. Considering the teaching process, a scale can also be developed for teachers to determine the level of student’s positive discourse.
... Because the data were nonexperimental, covariance structure analysis was selected as the appropriate analytic method (Bentler & Stein, 1992). Covariance structure analysis, which allows for the evaluation of path models with latent variables, has been used extensively for almost 2 decades (for reviews, see Bentler, 1980;Bentler & Dudgeon, 1996;Bentler & Stein, 1992). We decided that using longitudinal covariance structure models would be the best method to control for prior levels of cigarette use because those in treatment were smoking more cigarettes from the onset in this study. ...
The influence of risk-behavior bias, drug use, prior cigarette use, and prior and current participation in drug treatment on cigarette use was analyzed using a 3-wave survey of 346 drug abusers. Participation in drug treatment and a risk-behavior bias were hypothesized to predict greater cigarette use. After controlling for prior levels of cigarette use with a longitudinal path model, it was found that participation in drug treatment at Wave 2 significantly predicted increased cigarette use at Wave 2. There were similar results at Wave 3. Additional analyses indicated that reduced heroin use was especially associated with more smoking. Risk-behavior bias predicted more drug and cigarette use and predicted less participation in drug treatment at Wave 3. These results suggest that drug treatment, reduced heroin use, and a tendency toward risky behavior may lead to increased cigarette use, which may represent a form of substance replacement.
... A path analysis based on maximum-likelihood structural equation modeling using EQS (Bentler, 1980(Bentler, , 1989 enabled us to determine whether the empathy-helping relationship could be accounted for by perceived similarity. It could not. ...
Two experiments tested the idea that empathy-induced helping is due to self–other merging. To manipulate empathy, half of the participants in each experiment received instructions to remain objective while hearing about a young woman in need (low-empathy condition), and half received instructions to imagine her feelings (high-empathy condition). To check generality of the empathy–helping relationship, half in each empathy condition learned that the young woman was a student at their university (shared group membership), and half learned that she was a student at a rival university (unshared group membership). Self-reported empathy for and willingness to help the young woman were assessed, and 3 measures of self–other merging were taken. In each experiment, an empathy–helping relationship was found, unqualified by group membership, that could not be accounted for by any of the merging measures.
... Chi-square and degrees of freedom are reported for each model. A nonsignificant chi-square is indicative of good fit but is highly sensitive to number of participants and complexity of models (Bentler, 1980;Bentler & Bonett, 1980). Three measures of fit were used to supplement chi-square: the chi-square/degrees of freedom ratio; the comparative fit index (CFI; Bentler, 1990a); and the nonnormed fit index (NNFI), which is identical to the Tucker-Lewis index (Bentler, 1990b). ...
A self-report survey of cigarette use among 10th-and 12th-grade Mexican American students found no differences in rates of use by migrant status. Male students reported higher levels of lifetime, experimental, and daily smoking than female students, and 12th-grade students reported higher levels of daily smoking than 10th-grade students. A socialization model of cigarette use based on peer cluster theory was evaluated using structural equation methods, examining the effects of family strength, family tobacco use, school adjustment, religious identification, and peer tobacco associations. The basic latent-structure socialization model was supported in all groups, but final models including specific effects identified both unique and common relationships by gender and migrant status. Common patterns across groups suggest that completely different prevention programs may not be necessary for these youth. However, program elements based on subtle group differences may serve to tailor prevention efforts and make them more effective.
... Two overall goodness of fit indices are reported here: the chi-square and the GFI statistic reported by the LISREL VII program. The chi-square statistic assesses the extent to which the proposed model accounts for variation among the manifest variables, but it is so sensitive to sample size and deviations from normality that even nonsubstantive differences in residuals between the sample and reproduced covariance matrices may produce a statistically significant chisquare (Bentler, 1980(Bentler, , 1983Bentler & Bonett, 1980;Joreskog & Sorbom, 1984). The GFI reported by the LISREL VII program is relatively unaffected by variations in sample size (Marsh, Balla, & McDonald, 1988) and is reasonably stable across different model estimation algorithms (La Du & Tanaka, 1989). ...
This 3-wave longitudinal study analyzed latent variable cross-lagged models of the relation between depressive symptoms and drinking behavior separately for 621 late-middle-aged women and 951 late-middle-aged men. Time lags of 1 and 3 years were used. Among women, heavier alcohol consumption predicted less depressive symptomatology 1 and 3 years later, whereas among men, having more depressive symptoms predicted less alcohol consumption later on. Including cross-temporal paths in the women's depression–drinking problems model did not provide a significant improvement over hypothesizing no cross-temporal effects. Among men, however, having more drinking problems was associated with fewer depressive symptoms 3 years later. These findings were robust in follow-up analyses controlling for the effects of socioeconomic and health status.
... A final consideration is the effect of our sample sizes on the chi-square goodness-of-ht measure for the models. As a number of writers (e.g., Bentler, 1980) have noted, the chi-square statistic is sensitive lo sample size. With a large sample, trivial discrepancies between the model and the data become statistically significant and result in the rejection of the model. ...
Efforts to prevent adolescent substance abuse often direct prevention efforts at known correlates of substance use. The applicability to minority populations of risk factors uncovered for the general population has been questioned, and the development of different programs targeting the risk factors most salient for different groups has been recommended. Such differentiated programming requires a more precise understanding of ethnic differences in the predictors of substance use than is now available. This article assesses these differences using data from 981 Black and White male and female adolescents and latent variable structural equations techniques. No group differences were observed in the prediction of past year variety of drug use for 9 of the 12 risk factors examined. The predictive validity was higher for Whites than for Blacks for 3 risk factors. The prediction of frequency of use was weaker for Black women than for other groups. The low predictive validity observed for Black women is most likely due to the extremely low level of use among this group. The study concludes that the measures of risk factors predict substance use for all groups examined but that extremely rare behaviors are not well predicted.
... CSM has often been characterized as one of the most important advances in quantitative methodology for the social sciences in many years (e.g., Bentler, 1980;Cliff, 1983), at least partially because CSM methods are thought to allow researchers to evaluate models that hypothesize directional relationships among latent and measured variables while using correlational data. Applied research journals now routinely publish articles in which researchers present covariance structure models and argue for their validity on the basis of their meaningfulness and their fit to empirical data. ...
For any given covariance structure model, there will often be alternative models that are indistinguishable from the original model in terms of goodness of fit to data. The existence of such equivalent models in almost universally ignored in empirical studies. A study of 53 published applications showed that equivalent models exist routinely, often in large numbers. Detailed study of three applications showed that equivalent models may often offer substantively meaningful alternative explanations of data. The importance of the equivalent model phenomenon and recommendations for managing and confronting the problem in practice are discussed.
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye'deki bir örneklem grubunda MASI'nin (Measure of Anxiety in Selection Interviews) psikometrik özelliklerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada toplam 782 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Anket sorularının %5’i ve daha fazlasını boş bırakan (n = 176) ve daha önce sta j/iş mülakatı deneyimi olmayan (n = 158) katılımcılar veri analizine dâhil edilmemiştir. Nihai örneklem, yaşları 18 ile 63 arasında değişen ( X̄ = 29.04, SS = 9.99) 448 katılımcıdan (252 kadın, 196 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara Seçim Mülakatlarında Kaygı Ölçeği (MASI), Liebowitz Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği ve İletişim Kaygısı Ölçeği (İKÖ-24) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin faktör yapısını belirlemek için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi bulguları, MASI-Türkçe (MASI-T)’nin 30 madde ve 4 faktörden oluştuğunu göstermiştir. Bu faktörler iletişim kaygısı, sosyal-görünüm kaygısı, performans kaygısı ve davranışsal kaygı olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Faktörlerin varyansın %58’ini açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ölçek maddelerinin faktör yük değerlerinin ise .34 ile .78 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinden sonra yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde verinin modele kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (CFI = .91, NFI = .86, GFI = .86, IFI = .91, AGFI=.83, TLI = .90, ve RMSEA = .061). Ölçeğin ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliğinde diğer iki ölçek ile yüksek düzeyde korelasyon bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısı .95 olarak bulunmuştur. Her kaygı boyutu için iç tutarlılık katsayıları şu şekildedir: iletişim = .81, sosyal-görünüm = .91, performans = .89 ve davranışsal =.85. Ayrıca bulgular, kadınların ve şu anda bir işte çalışmayan bireylerin erkeklere ve halen çalışmakta olan katılımcılara göre daha yüksek kaygı düzeyine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Yaş ve son mülakattaki öznel performans değerlendirmesi, kaygı puanları ile negatif ilişkilidir. Bu sonuçlar, MASI-T’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir.
This indispensable sourcebook covers conceptual and practical issues in research design in the field of social and personality psychology. Key experts address specific methods and areas of research, contributing to a comprehensive overview of contemporary practice. This updated and expanded second edition offers current commentary on social and personality psychology, reflecting the rapid development of this dynamic area of research over the past decade. With the help of this up-to-date text, both seasoned and beginning social psychologists will be able to explore the various tools and methods available to them in their research as they craft experiments and imagine new methodological possibilities.
This indispensable sourcebook covers conceptual and practical issues in research design in the field of social and personality psychology. Key experts address specific methods and areas of research, contributing to a comprehensive overview of contemporary practice. This updated and expanded second edition offers current commentary on social and personality psychology, reflecting the rapid development of this dynamic area of research over the past decade. With the help of this up-to-date text, both seasoned and beginning social psychologists will be able to explore the various tools and methods available to them in their research as they craft experiments and imagine new methodological possibilities.
This indispensable sourcebook covers conceptual and practical issues in research design in the field of social and personality psychology. Key experts address specific methods and areas of research, contributing to a comprehensive overview of contemporary practice. This updated and expanded second edition offers current commentary on social and personality psychology, reflecting the rapid development of this dynamic area of research over the past decade. With the help of this up-to-date text, both seasoned and beginning social psychologists will be able to explore the various tools and methods available to them in their research as they craft experiments and imagine new methodological possibilities.
Purpose: This article aims to clarify the relationship between financial analysis and business performance at public universities in Vietnam. In addition, the influence of financial analysis on operational results. Theoretical framework: In the context of increasing financial autonomy in public universities in Vietnam, the issue of financial analysis aims to provide information for managers to plan, organize, control, and make decisions. Financial information must be reliable, transparent, and accountably defined. Most universities in Vietnam are not actively engaged in financial analysis activities, and there are significant research gaps globally. Method/design/approach: The research sample, collected online, consisted of 425 respondents in managerial positions (including accounting, auditing, financial, vice principal, and principal positions) in public universities. Sampling took place over a 3-month period from September 2022 to December 2023. Using quantitative research and the PLS-SEM structural equation modeling in SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 software. Results and conclusion: The study identified two factors with the strongest influence on financial analysis in public universities in Vietnam: (i) the analysis data base (AD); and (ii) the analysis content (CA) and influence of financial analysis on operational results. The research provided in-depth insights and critical discussions and evaluations in financial analysis at public universities in Vietnam, recommending the adoption of public accounting standards for financial reporting developed by the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) or the use of EVA indicators (net operating profit after tax minus cost of capital) in financial analysis activities. Research implications: This research uses the contents of financial analysis and operational results based on prior studies in the realm of the public and universities. Within the context of the digital transformation of the entire society and improving the quality of education, these variables are useful solutions for universities. Originality/value: This study uses a new research methodology to analyze and measure the relationship between financial analysis and business performance at public universities in Vietnam. The paper's primary contribution is findings that benefit the public universities in Vietnam in the improvement of their training quality and business performance.
Bu araştırmanın amacı turistlerin destinasyona yönelik otantiklik algılarının unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerine etkisini belirlemektir. Ayrıca katılımcıların cinsiyet, medeni durum, yaş, gelir durumu, eğitim seviyesi ve destinasyona geliş sayılarına göre unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerinin farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi de amaçlanmaktır. Bu kapsamda varoluşsal otantiklik ve nesnel otantiklik olarak iki boyuttan oluşan Destinasyon Otantiklik Algısı Ölçeği, Unutulmaz Turizm Deneyimi Ölçeğini içeren ve katılımcıların yaş, cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumu, gelir düzeyi ve destinasyona geliş sayısını belirlemek amacıyla soruların yer aldığı bir anket formu oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini Kapadokya’nın Avanos ilçesini ziyaret eden ve çanak-çömlek yapımı aktivitesine katılım gösteren 396 yerli turist oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılar kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilmiş olup veriler yüz yüze anket aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. SPSS İstatistik Programı yardımıyla tanımlayıcı istatistikler yapılmıştır. Daha sonra AMOS programı kullanılarak çok değişkenli istatistik yöntemi olan Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile hipotezler test edilmiştir. Ölçeklerin yapısal geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizleriyle, içsel tutarlılıkları ve güvenirlikleri ise AVE ve CR testi ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgulara göre turistlerin destinasyona yönelik hem nesnel otantiklik algıları hem de varoluşsal otantiklik algıları, unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerini pozitif ve anlamlı olarak etkilemektedir. Bunun yanı sıra yapılan One-way ANOVA testleri sonucunda turistlerin destinasyonda yaşadıkları unutulmaz turizm deneyimlerinin, yaşları, gelir durumları, eğitim durumları ve Kapadokya’ya geliş sayılarına göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 5-item Turkish Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) for the first time. The study involved 875 university students in an adaptation and validation study. Participants completed the rMEQ, MEQ, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form (BIS-SF), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The factor structure, convergent validity, internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of the rMEQ were examined. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the rMEQ had a one-dimensional structure with good fit indices (χ2/df = 2.94, CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.019). There was a significantly strong correlation between rMEQ and MEQ. In addition, we found a significantly weak correlation between rMEQ and DASS-21, ISI, BIS-SF, and OHQ-SF. The internal consistency coefficients of rMEQ were Cronbach's α = 0.706 and McDonald's ω = 0.740. The sensitivity and specificity of rMEQ were 83.3%-92.7% for morning types and 86.3%-87.3% for evening types. The Turkish rMEQ has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess an individual's chronotype.
The study of mathematics teachers' beliefs has become a significant research area in recent decades; however, more robust and reliable instruments are needed to assess these beliefs. This paper reports the design and validation of a multiple-choice questionnaire to assess mathematics teachers' beliefs about mathematics, teaching, and learning. It began with a systematic review of existing questionnaires, followed by an evaluation of the instrument's content validity using Aiken's V by seven expert judges. Finally, a total of 199 in-service mathematics teachers completed the instrument, demonstrating construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency. These results indicate that the instrument is reliable and valid for assessing mathematics teachers' beliefs and identifying three teaching profiles: instrumentalists, platonists, and problem-solving.
Bu araştırmada nepotizm ile işe yabancılaşma arasında ilişki olup olmadığı incelenmiştir. Çalışanların kurumda nepotizm ile karşılaşmalarının kurumdaki işlerine yabancılaşmalarına neden olabileceği düşüncesinden hareketle bu konu araştırılmıştır. Araştırma Kars İlinde bulunan 24. Bölge Müdürlüğü Devlet Su İşleri’nde çalışan 415 personel ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya ait verileri hızlı ve kolay toplayabilmek amacıyla kolayda örneklemden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada “İşe Yabancılaşma Ölçeği” ve “Nepotizm Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirmeleri gerçekleştirebilmek amacıyla frekans dağılımları, çarpıklık, basıklık, ortalama, normal dağılım, standart sapma, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve çoklu regresyon yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları ise, genel nepotizm ile genel işe yabancılaşma arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Terfide kayırmacılık ile işe yabancılaşma arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. İşle alma sürecinde kayırmacılık ile işe yabancılaşma arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fakat işlem kayırmacılığı ile işe yabancılaşma arasında herhangi ilişki bulunamamıştır. Çalışanların kurumda nepotizm ile karşılaşmaları diğer çalışanlarda işe yabancılaşmaya neden olacağı için iş yerinde yapılan kayırmacılık davranışlarına olumlu bakılmamaktadır. Bu nedenle kurumda hem nepotizm hem de işe yabancılaşmayı azaltabilecek önerilerde yapılmıştır.
In the current digital transformation to Industry 4.0, the demands on the ability of countries to react responsibly and effectively to threats in the field of cyber security (CS) are increasing. Cyber safety is one of the pillars and concepts of Industry 4.0, as digitization brings convergence and integration of information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT), IT/OT systems, and data. Collecting and connecting a large amount of data in smart factories and cities poses risks, in a broader context for the entire state. The authors focus attention on the issue of CS, where, despite all digitization, the human factor plays a key role—an actor of risk as well as strengthening the sustainability and resilience of CS. It is obvious that in accordance with how the individuals (decision-makers) perceive the risk, thus they subsequently evaluate the situation and countermeasures. Perceiving cyber threats/risks in their complexity as a part of hybrid threats (HT) helps decision-makers prevent and manage them. Due to the growing trend of HT, the need for research focused on the perception of threats by individuals and companies is increasing. Moreover, the literature review points out a lack of methodology and evaluation strategy. This study presents the results of the research aimed at the mathematical modelling of risk perception of threats to the state and industry through the disruption of CS. The authors provide the developed factor model of cyber security (FMCS), i.e., the model of CS threat risk perception. When creating the FMCS, the researchers applied SEM (structural equation modelling) and confirmatory factor analysis to the data obtained by the implementation of the research tool (a questionnaire designed by the authors). The pillars and sub-pillars of CS defined within the questionnaire enable quantification in the perception of the level of risk of CS as well as differentiation and comparison between the analyzed groups of respondents (students of considered universities in SK and CZ). The convergent and discriminant validity of the research instrument is verified, and its reliability is confirmed (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95047). The influence of the individual pillars is demonstrated as significant at the significance level of α = 5%. For the entire research set N = 964, the highest share of risk perception of CS threats is achieved by the DISRIT pillar (disruption or reduction of the resistance of IT infrastructure).
İlişkilerde yakınlık kavramı alan yazında daha çok romantik ve mahrem ilişkiler anlamında ele alındığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışma yakın ilişkileri bir bütün olarak ele alan bir ölçek geliştirme amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda araştırmacı tarafından İlişkilerde Yakınlık Ölçeği geliştirilmiş ve geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. İlişkilerde Yakınlık Ölçeği üç boyutlu (Partner, Aile ve Arkadaş) bir yapıda olup toplam 14 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Ölçeğin tamamına ait Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısının .86; partner alt boyutunun .88, aile alt boyutunun .79 ve arkadaş alt boyutunun .73 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlişkilerde Yakınlık Ölçeğinin 18 yaş üstü evli veya romantik ilişkisi olan bireylerde uygulanabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir sonuçlar veren bir ölçek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Machine learning has been successfully applied in recent years to screen materials for a variety of applications. However, despite recent advances, most screening-based machine learning approaches are limited in generality and transferability, requiring new models to be created from scratch for each new application. This is particularly apparent in catalysis, where there are many possible intermediates and transition states of interest in addition to a large number of potential catalytic materials. In this work, we developed a new machine learning framework that is built on chemical principles and allows the creation of general, interpretable, reusable models. Our new architecture uses latent variables to create a set of submodels that each take on a relatively simple learning task, leading to higher data efficiency and promoting transfer learning. This architecture infuses fundamental chemical principles, such as the existence of elements as discrete entities. We show that this architecture allows for the creation of models that can be reused for many different applications, providing significant improvements in efficiency and convenience. For example, our architecture allows simultaneous prediction of adsorption energies for many adsorbates on a broad array of alloy surfaces with mean absolute errors (MAEs) around 0.20–0.25 eV. The integration of latent variables provides physical interpretability, as predictions can be explained in terms of the learned chemical environment as represented by the latent space. Further, these latent variables also serve as new feature representations, allowing efficient transfer learning. For example, new models with useful levels of accuracy can be created with less than 10 data points, including transfer learning to an experimental data set with an MAE less than 0.15 eV. Lastly, we show that our new machine learning architecture is general and robust enough to handle heterogeneous and multifidelity data sets, allowing researchers to leverage existing data sets to speed up screening using their own computational setup.
Generalized structured component analysis (GSCA) is a structural equation modeling (SEM) procedure that constructs components by weighted sums of observed variables and confirmatorily examines their regressional relationship. The research proposes an exploratory version of GSCA, called exploratory GSCA (EGSCA). EGSCA is analogous to exploratory SEM (ESEM) developed as an exploratory factor-based SEM procedure, which seeks the relationships between the observed variables and the components by orthogonal rotation of the parameter matrices. The indeterminacy of orthogonal rotation in GSCA is first shown as a theoretical support of the proposed method. The whole EGSCA procedure is then presented, together with a new rotational algorithm specialized to EGSCA, which aims at simultaneous simplification of all parameter matrices. Two numerical simulation studies revealed that EGSCA with the following rotation successfully recovered the true values of the parameter matrices and was superior to the existing GSCA procedure. EGSCA was applied to two real datasets, and the model suggested by the EGSCA’s result was shown to be better than the model proposed by previous research, which demonstrates the effectiveness of EGSCA in model exploration.
Bu çalışmada nepotizm ve örgütsel sessizlik arasında bir ilişki olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma Kars İlinde’ki Devlet Su İşleri 24. Bölge Müdürlüğü’nde çalışan 399 kişi üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonucunda ise, genel nepotizm ve genel örgütsel sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Terfide kayırmacılık ile korunmacı sessizlik ve kabullenici sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmişken terfide kayırmacılık ve korumacı sessizlik arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. İşlem kayırmacılığı ile korumacı sessizlik ve kabullenici sessizlik arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamamışken işlem kayırmacılığı ve korunmacı sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca işe alma sürecinde kayırmacılık ile korunmacı sessizlik, korumacı sessizlik ve kabullenici sessizlik arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sebeple çalışanların hem örgütsel sessizliklerinin hem de nepotizmlerinin azaltılabilmesi amacıyla birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Two explanations were tested for why patients who are less healthy tend to be less satisfied with their medical care than healthier patients. The explanations were (a) that poor health produces dissatisfaction directly and (b) that poor health produces dissatisfaction through the mediating effect of physicians’ behavior. Two studies are presented that measured patients’ health status, patients’ satisfaction with care, and their physicians’ communication as recorded on audiotape. In Study 1, 114 patients had first visits with rheumatologists; in Study 2, 649 patients had continuing-care visits with physicians in internal and family medicine. Causal modeling revealed that the first study supported the direct explanation. The second study also supported the direct explanation, as well as the mediation explanation with respect to the physician’s use of social conversation.
The Personality Disorder Examination was administered to 302 normal controls in the New York High-Risk Project in order to elicit Axis II diagnoses (revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders;American Psychiatric Association, 1987) and quantitative dimensions of psychopathology. LISREL confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the Axis II hypothesis of 3 orthogonal factors. There was considerable overlap among personality disorders. The best fitting LISREL model was of 3 oblique factors that were different for male and female subjects. Given that our choice of variables to constrain in order to mathematically identify our models was partially based on analysis of intercorrelations in our data set, our methods were not purely confirmatory. We present our results not to confirm specific hypotheses but to generate explicit hypotheses that can be tested in independent samples.
Relationships between abilities and performance in visual search were investigated for young and old adults. Ss received extensive practice on category search task. A consistent version allowed development of an automatic attention response; a varied version allowed general performance improvements. Transfer conditions assessed learning. General ability, induction, semantic knowledge, working memory, perceptual speed, semantic memory access, and psychomotor speed were assessed. LISREL models revealed that general ability and semantic memory access predicted initial performance for both ages. Improvements on both the consistent and varied tasks were predicted by perceptual speed. Ability–performance relationships indexed performance changes but were not predictive of learning (i.e., automatic process vs. general efficiency). Qualitative differences in the ability-transfer models suggest age differences in learning.
This study presents a path analytic model of status expectations that focuses on how sex influences the educational and occupational
expectations of a large sample of American adolescents. While female and male expectations can be predicted by the same model
variables, the process is by no means identical for both sexes. Exogenous background variables have greater total effects
for females, while intervening social-psychological and achievement related variables have substantially lesser effects for
females than males. The same-sex parent is found to have a greater effect on adolescent expectations than the opposite-sex
parent. No significant sex differences are found in the mean level of either expectation, but the distribution of occupational
choices parallel the current sex segregation of the occupational sector. Further, relative to academic achievement, the females
have lower expectations than the males. These results are interpreted as consequences of traditional sex role socialization.
A biometrical-genetical analysis of twin data to elucidate the determinants of variation in extraversion and its components, sociability and impulsiveness, revealed that both genetical and environmental factors contributed to variation in extraversion, to the variation and covariation of its component scales, and to the interaction between subjects and scales. A large environmental correlation between the scales suggested that environmental factors may predominate in determining the unitary nature of extraversion. The interaction between subjects and scales depended more on genetical factors, which suggests that the dual nature of extraversion has a strong genetical basis. A model assuming random mating, additive gene action, and specific environmental effects adequately describes the observed variation and covariation of sociability and impulsiveness. Possible evolutionary implications are discussed.