New records of Xylariaceae from Panama

Abstract

Twenty-two species of Xylariaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) are presented as new records for Panama based on specimens recently collected in this country in Southern Central America: and X. schweinitzii. The number of species of Xylariaceae known for Panama thereby increases from 54 to 76 species. Some other collections correspond to new records in different provinces of Panama. Most species are rather common mostly in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Daldinia steglichii, however, is up to now only known for India and Papua New Guinea, Hypoxylon lividipigmentum only for Venezuela and Mexico, Nemania immersidiscus only for Guyana, Papua New Guinea and Hawaii and Whalleya microplaca is only known from China, Mauritius, the Philippines, the USA and Taiwan. Camillea stellata was recently (1989) described from Peru and since this date collected in Ecuador and Brazil. As Panama is located in a hotspot of biodiversity, many more species are still waiting for discovery.

Full text

North American Fungi
Volume 4, Number 3, Pages 1-11
Published September 5, 2009
Formerly Pacific Northwest Fungi
New records of Xylariaceae from Panama
Ana Carmona1, Jacques Fournier2, Carl Williams1and Meike Piepenbring3
1 Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Panamá, David, Panamá.
2Las Muros, F-09420 Rimont. 3Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, 0427, David, Panamá.
Carmona, A., J. Fournier, C. Williams, and M. Piepenbring. 2009. New records of Xylariaceae
from Panama. 4(3): 1-11. doi: 10.2509/naf2009.004.003
Corresponding author: Meike Piepenbring, piepenbr@daad-alumni.de. Accepted for publication August 14, 2009.
http://pnwfungi.org Copyright © 2009 Pacific Northwest Fungi Project. All rights reserved.
Abstract: Twenty-two species of Xylariaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) are presented as new records for
Panama based on specimens recently collected in this country in Southern Central America:
Annulohypoxylon multiforme, A. truncatum, Biscogniauxia capnodes, B. philippinensis, Camillea
stellata, Daldinia placentiformis, D. steglichii, Hypoxylon anthochroum, H. crocopeplum, H. fendleri, H.
investiens, H. lividipigmentum, Kretzschmaria pavimentosa, K. sandvicensis, Nemania immersidiscus,
Poronia oedipus,Whalleya microplaca, Xylaria anisopleura, X. enteroleuca, X. fissilis, X. gracillima
and X. schweinitzii. The number of species of Xylariaceae known for Panama thereby increases from 54 to
76 species. Some other collections correspond to new records in different provinces of Panama. Most
species are rather common mostly in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Daldinia steglichii, however, is up
to now only known for India and Papua New Guinea, Hypoxylon lividipigmentum only for Venezuela and
Mexico, Nemania immersidiscus only for Guyana, Papua New Guinea and Hawaii and Whalleya
microplaca is only known from China, Mauritius, the Philippines, the USA and Taiwan. Camillea stellata
was recently (1989) described from Peru and since this date collected in Ecuador and Brazil. As Panama is
located in a hotspot of biodiversity, many more species are still waiting for discovery.
Key words: Ascomycota, Camillea stellata, Daldinia steglichii, Hypoxylon lividipigmentum, Nemania
immersidiscus, new records, Panama, Whalleya microplaca, Xylariaceae.

2 Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11
Introduction: The Xylariales with Xylariaceae
as most frequently observed and species rich
family are one of the best known orders within
Ascomycota. Nevertheless, our knowledge about
these fungi in Panama is still in a pioneer phase.
Piepenbring (2006) lists 44 species of
Xylariaceae in the checklist of fungi known for
Panama according to literature references,
mostly from Barro Colorado Island (BCI) in the
former Canal Zone. In addition, Dennis (1957)
mentions Phylacia surinamensis (Berk.) Dennis
for Panama and van der Gucht (1995)
Biscogniauxia grenadensis (J.H. Mill.) Whalley
& Læssøe (as B. grenadensis var. macrospora
(J.H. Mill.) Whalley & Læssøe),
Annulohypoxylon stygium (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D.
Rogers & H.M. Hsieh var. stygium (as
Hypoxylon stygium (Lév.) Sacc.) and
Hypoxylon subgilvum Berk. & Broome. Six
further new records of species of Xylariaceae in
Panama have recently been published by Stadler
et al. (2008): Entonaema liquescens A. Möller,
Xylaria aenea Mont., X. curta Fr., X.
moelleroclavus J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju & Hemmes,
X. poiteana (Lév.) Fr. and X. telfairii (Berk.) Fr.
Daldinia eschscholzii (Ehrenb.) Rehm is cited by
Bitzer et al. (2008) for Panama, a fungus which
probably has already been counted in the
checklist as Daldinia sp. Thereby, 54 species of
Xylariaceae are presently known for Panama.
They are distributed in the following genera,
followed by the respective number of species
known for Panama: Annulohypoxylon (1),
Anthostomella (1), Biscogniauxia (3), Camillea
(7), Daldinia (1), Entonaema (1), Hypoxylon
(10), Kretzschmaria (1), Penzigia (1), Phylacia
(3), Rosellinia (1), Xylaria (23), and
Xylosphaera (1).
Materials and Methods: Specimens were
collected by A. Carmona (Carmona 2008), M.
Piepenbring, students and coworkers from 2003
to 2008, mainly in Western Panama. Stromata
were analyzed by stereomicroscopy, asci and
ascospores by light microscopy. In preparations
of Hypoxylon spp., 10 % KOH was added to
observe the dehiscence of the outer, gelatinous
layers of ascospore walls (perispore). Literature
used for identification is cited together with the
respective species. Specimens are deposited at
the Herbario Nacional de Panamá (PMA) and
some of them also in the Herbarium of the
Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí (U.CH.) and
the Botanische Staatssammlung München,
Germany (M).
Results: New records of Xylariaceae from
Panama
Annulohypoxylon multiforme (Fr.: Fr.)
Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh var.
multiforme Fig. 1.
For further figures and description see Ju &
Rogers (1996: 218, as Hypoxylon multiforme
(Fr.: Fr.) Fr.).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Volcán Barú National Park, Sendero los
Quetzales, alt. ca. 2500 m, 20.X.2007, M.
Piepenbring with Licenciatura students 4070
(M-0140918, PMA). On dead wood, maybe
Alnus acuminata Kunth – the only species of
Betulaceae in the area.
A. multiforme prefers wood of Betulaceae in
temperate regions as substrate but can
occasionally occur on other hosts. It is mainly
known from temperate regions of the Northern
hemisphere. The present new record for Panama
might be the most southern one.
Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.)
Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh var.
thouarsianum
For figures and description see Ju & Rogers
(1996: 227, as Hypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.)
C.G. Lloyd).
Specimen examined: Chiriquí: Cerro Punta,
Finca Alto los Reyes, alt. c. 2500 m,

Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11 3
25.VIII.2007, R. Ríos & A. Gracia, in herb. M.
Piepenbring 3954 (M-0140914, PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood. This collection is the typical
A. thouarsianum with spores 20-23 x 5-5.5 µm.
This widely distributed species is already known
for Panama as Hypoxylon thouarsianum by
Dennis (1970). It is reported here for the first
time for the province Chiriquí.
Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.)
Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh var.
macrosporum (F. San Martín, Y.M. Ju & J.D.
Rogers) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh
For figures and description see Ju & Rogers
(1996: 228, as Hypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.)
C.G. Lloyd var. macrosporum F. San Martín et
al.).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Volcán Barú National Park, Sendero los
Quetzales, alt. c. 2000-2450 m, 15.II.2003, M.
Piepenbring & R. Kirschner 3152, det. J.M. Ju
(M-0140923, PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
The variety macrosporum is reported here for
the first time for Panama.
Annulohypoxylon truncatum (Schwein.:
Fr.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh Fig. 2.
For further figures and description see Ju &
Rogers (1996: 229, as Hypoxylon truncatum
(Schwein.: Fr.) J.H. Miller).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Volcán Barú National Park, Sendero los
Quetzales, Boquete side, 8.III.2007, M.
Piepenbring et al. 3889 (M-0140921, PMA). On
dead branch of Quercus sp. fallen down from the
canopy.
A. truncatum is associated with wood of
Quercus spp. and is known from the United
States and Mexico (Ju & Rogers 1996). It is not
sure whether it also occurs on other continents,
because this species has often been confused
with Annulohypoxylon annulatum (Schwein.:
Fr.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh.
Biscogniauxia capnodes (Berk.) Y.M. Ju &
J.D. Rogers, in Ju, Rogers, San Martín &
Granmo var. capnodes
For figures and description see Ju et al. (1998:
23) and Carmona (2008: 42).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Boquete, Bajo Mono, alt. c. 1679 m, 15.XI.2006,
on dead bark, A.L. Carmona 4 (PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood.
This species is cited here for the first time for
Panama. It is known from many countries all
around the world (Ju et al. 1998).
Biscogniauxia philippinensis (Ricker)
Whalley & Læssøe, in Whaley, Læssøe & Kile var.
philippinensis
For figures and description see Ju et al. (1998:
45) and Carmona (2008: 45).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
David, alt. ca. 35 m., 26.II.2007, A.L. Carmona
48 (PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is cited here for the first time for
Panama. It is widely distributed in the tropics
and subtropics, known for example from Mexico,
Guyana, Philippines and Taiwan (Ju et al. 1998).
Camillea cyclisca (Mont.) Læssøe, J.D.
Rogers & Whalley
For figures and description see Læssøe et al.
(1989: 128).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí: Corr.
Dolega, Los Algarrobos, Quebrada de Los
Algarrobos, alt. c. 140 m, 15.II.2007, M.
Piepenbring & F. Beyhl 3877 (M-0140941,

4 Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11
PMA). On dead wood of Acacia collinsii Saff.
(Fabaceae).
This species is already known for Panama by
Dennis (1970, as Hypoxylon cycliscum Mont.).
It is reported here for the first time for the
province Chiriquí. This species is known for
several countries of the neotropics (Læssøe et al.
1989).
Camillea stellata Læssøe, J.D. Rogers &
Whalley. Fig. 3.
For further figures and description see Læssøe et
al. (1989: 144).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí: Corr.
Dolega, Los Algarrobos, border of Río Majagua,
alt. c. 110 m, 17.IX.2008, M. Piepenbring & O.
Cáceres 4587 (M-0141082, PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood.
This species is cited here for the first time for
Panama. It was described from Peru by Læssøe
et al. (1989) and since this date was collected in
Ecuador and Brazil (T. Læssøe pers. comm.).
Daldinia placentiformis (Berk. & M.A.
Curtis, in Berk.) Theiss.
For figures and descriptions see Ju and Rogers
(1996: 168), Hsieh et al. (2005) and Carmona
(2008: 77).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Renacimiento, Santa Clara, alt. ca. 1400 m,
28.X.2006, A.L. Carmona 25 (PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood.
This species is widely distributed in the tropics
and subtropics (Ju and Rogers 1996) and cited
here for the first time for Panama.
Daldinia steglichii M. Stadler, M.
Baumgartner & Wollw.
For figures and descriptions see Stadler et al.
(2001: 183) and Carmona (2008: 54).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Boquete, Bajo Mono, alt. ca. 1679 m, 16.XI.2006,
A.L. Carmona 35 (PMA). On dead angiosperm
wood.
This species is up to now only known from India
and Papua New Guinea (Stadler et al. 2001). It is
reported here for the first time for Panama and
for America.
Hypoxylon anthochroum Berk. & Broome,
species complex
For figures and description see Ju & Rogers
(1996: 88).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Dolega, Los Algarrobos, The Alemana´s House,
alt. ca. 150 m, 26.XII.2006, M. Piepenbring
3826 (M-0140934, PMA). On dead branch of
Ocotea veraguensis (Meisn.) Metz (Lauraceae).
This species is known from many countries of
the neotropics as well as from tropical and
subtropical countries all around the world (Ju &
Rogers 1996) and cited here for the first time for
Panama. This collection keys out to H.
anthochroum in the key published by Ju and
Rogers (1996) but this taxon is likely to be a
complex of species in need of elucidation.
Hypoxylon crocopeplum Berk. & M.A.
Curtis, in Berk.
For figures and description see Ju & Rogers
(1996: 103).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Alanje, Playa La Barqueta, close to the sea,
19.II.2003, M. Piepenbring & R. Kirschner 3177,
det. J.M. Ju (M-0140902, PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood.

Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11 5
This species is widely distributed in tropical and
subtropical regions (Ju & Rogers 1996). It is
cited here for the first time for Panama.
Hypoxylon fendleri Berk. ex Cooke
For figures and descriptions see Ju & Rogers
(1996: 113) and Carmona (2008: 57).
Specimens examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Renacimiento, Santa Clara, alt. ca. 1400 m,
28.X.2006, A.L. Carmona 26. Chiriquí:
(ibidem), 31.I.2007, A.L. Carmona 47.
Chiriquí: Corr. Dolega, Los Algarrobos, valley
of the Rio Majagua, alt. ca. 140 m, 13.IX.2005,
R. Mangelsdorff RMP 305 (M-0140932, PMA).
On dead angiosperm wood.
H. fendleri is common throughout the tropics
(Ju & Rogers 1996) and cited here for the first
time for Panama.
Hypoxylon haematostroma Mont.
Figs. 4-5.
For further figures and description see Ju &
Rogers (1996: 126).
Specimen examined: Panama. Panamá:
Soberania National Park, Sendero el Charco,
19.XI.2005, M. Piepenbring with Maestria
students of the University of Panama 3686, det.
M. Stadler & J. Fournier (M-0140938, PMA).
Chiriquí: Corr. Dolega, Los Algarrobos, valley
of the Rio Majagua, alt. ca. 130 m, 1.XI.2008, M.
Piepenbring 4564 (U.CH.). On dead angiosperm
wood.
This species is already known from BCI (Colon
province) in Panama by Standley (1933) and
from Chiriquí by Bitzer et al. (2008). It is
reported here for the first time for the province
Panama. This species is widely distributed in the
tropics and subtropics.
Hypoxylon investiens (Schwein.) M.A.
Curtis. Fig. 6.
For further figures and descriptions see Ju &
Rogers (1996: 134) and Carmona (2008: 64).
Specimens examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
David, alt. ca. 35 m, 29.X.2006, A.L. Carmona
28. Chiriquí: Corr. Dolega, Los Algarrobos, on
the way to the Majagua river, alt. ca. 140 m,
11.VIII.2007, M. Piepenbring with Licenciatura
students 3905 (M-0140916, PMA). Chorcha, alt.
ca. 270 m, 26.VIII.2008, M. Piepenbring & R.
Mangelsdorff 4507 (U.CH.). On dead
angiosperm wood.
This species is widely distributed in the tropics
and subtropics (Ju & Rogers 1996) and cited
here for the first time for Panama.
Hypoxylon lividipigmentum F. San Martín,
Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers, in Ju & Rogers
For figures and descriptions see Ju & Rogers
(1996: 145) and Carmona (2008: 67).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
David, alt. ca. 35 m, 26.I.2007, A.L. Carmona 54
(PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is up to now only known from
Venezuela and Mexico (Ju & Rogers 1996) and
cited here for the first time for Panama.
Kretzschmaria pavimentosa (Ces.) P.M.D.
Martin
For figures and description see Rogers & Ju
(1998: 364).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Boquete, close to entrance of the Volcán Barú
National Park, forest of María Amoruso,

6 Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11
27.VIII.2005, M. Piepenbring 3515 (M-0140937,
PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is widely distributed in the tropics
and subtropics (Rogers & Ju 1998) and cited
here for the first time for Panama.
Kretzschmaria sandvicensis (Reichardt)
J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju Fig. 7.
For further figures and description see Rogers &
Ju (1998: 366).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Chorcha, on the way up to the Meseta de
Chorcha, alt. c. 270 m, 26.VIII.2008, M.
Piepenbring & R. Mangelsdorff 4514 (M-
0141083, PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is widely distributed in the tropics
and subtropics (Rogers & Ju 1998) and cited
here for the first time for Panama.
Nemania immersidiscus van der Gucht,
Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers
For figures and description see Ju & Rogers
(2002: 97).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí: Corr.
Dolega, Los Algarrobos, close to Cervecería, alt.
c. 160 m, 31.V.2008, M. Piepenbring &
Licenciatura students 4280 (M-0141084, PMA).
On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is known for Guyana, Papua New
Guinea and Hawaii and most likely has a
pantropical distribution. It is cited here for the
first time for Panama.
Phylacia poculiformis (Mont.) Mont.
For figures and description see Rodrigues &
Samuels (1989: 292).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Bugaba, Concepción, close to houses, alt. ca. 20
m, 23.II.2003, M. Piepenbring & R. Kirschner
3182, det. J.M. Ju (M-0140940, PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood.
This species is already known for Panama by
Standley (1933). It is reported here for the first
time for the province Chiriquí. This species is
distributed in the tropics and subtropics of the
New World.
Poronia oedipus (Mont.) Mont. Fig. 8.
For further figures and description see Dennis
(1957: 307).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí: Corr.
Dolega, Los Algarrobos, close to Río Majagua,
alt. c. 100 m, 19.V.2008, M. Piepenbring & J. del
Carmen 4247 (PMA). Los Algarrobos, The
Alemana´s House, alt. ca. 150 m, 25.X.2008, M.
Piepenbring 4553 (M-0141085). On old cow
dung.
This species is widely distributed in tropical and
subtropical regions all around the world. It is
apparently most frequent in the neotropics. It is
cited here for the first time for Panama.
Whalleya microplaca (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)
J.D. Rogers, Y.M. Ju, & F. San Martín
For figures and descriptions see Rogers et al.
(1997: 48 and citations therein) and Carmona
(2008: 48, as Biscogniauxia sp.).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Boquete, Bajo Mono, alt. ca. 1679 m, 15.
VI.2006, A.L. Carmona 5, det. J.M. Ju (PMA).
On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is up to now only known from
China, Mauritius, the Philippines and the U.S.A.

Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11 7
(Rogers et al. 1997) as well as from Taiwan (Ju &
Rogers 1999). This is the first record of W.
microplaca from Panama and from the
neotropics.
Xylaria anisopleura (Mont.) Fr.
For figures and descriptions see Dennis (1956:
439), van der Gucht (1995: 336), Ju & Rogers
(1999: 394) and Carmona (2008: 102).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Boquete, Bajo Mono, alt. c. 1680 m, 27.X.2006,
A.L. Carmona 21 (PMA). On dead angiosperm
wood.
X. anisopleura is distributed all over the tropics
and subtropics (van der Gucht 1995) and cited
here for the first time for Panama.
Xylaria berkeleyi Mont., in Cooke
For figures and description see Dennis (1956:
424).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Volcán Barú National Park, Sendero los
Quetzales, alt. 2000-2450 m, 15.II.2003, M.
Piepenbring & R. Kirschner 3148, det. J.M. Ju
(M-0140926, PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is known from French Guiana
(Dennis 1956), Venezuela (Rogers et al. 1988)
and from Panama from BCI by Standley (1933).
It is reported here for the first time for the
province Chiriquí.
Xylaria enteroleuca (Speg.) P.M.D. Martin
Fig. 9.
For further figures and description see Callan &
Rogers (1990).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí: La
Amistad International Park, Sendero de la
Cascada, alt. ca. 2150 m, 2.IX.2007, M.
Piepenbring with Licenciatura students 3976
(M-0140917, PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
This species has a pantropical distribution and is
cited here for the first time for Panama. It is a
penzigioid Xylaria, most likely conspecific with
or very closely related to X. berteri (Callan &
Rogers 1990), from which it slightly differs in
having ascospores with more broadly rounded
ends (Ju & Rogers 1999).
Xylaria fissilis Ces. Fig. 10.
For further figures and description see Ju &
Rogers (1999: 404).
Specimens examined: Panama. Chiriquí: Las
Nubes, Alto Chiquero, west of the ANAM house,
alt. c. 1770 m, 26.VIII.2007, M. Piepenbring with
Licenciatura students 3946 (M-0140908, PMA).
On dead angiosperm wood. Chiriquí: Volcán
Barú National Park, Sendero los Quetzales, alt. c.
2500 m, 20.X.2007, M. Piepenbring with
Licenciatura students 4066 (M-0140920, PMA).
On dead angiosperm wood.
This species is known from Malaysia and Taiwan
(Ju & Rogers 1999) as well as from Martinique
and Guadeloupe (FWI, unpublished data) and
cited here for the first time for Panama. Its
apparently worldwide distribution is still poorly
documented.
Xylaria gracillima (Fr.) Fr.
For figures and description see van der Gucht
(1995: 364).
Specimen examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Volcán Barú National Park, Sendero los
Quetzales, 19.XI.2005, M. Piepenbring and
students, MP 3685 (PMA). On dead angiosperm
wood.
This species is widely distributed in the tropics
and subtropics all around the world (van der

8 Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11
Gucht 1995) and cited here for the first time for
Panama. The species concept has been
interpreted in various senses. The material
examined fits the concepts of San Martin &
Rogers (1989) and van der Gucht (1995).
Xylaria schweinitzii Berk. & M.A. Curtis
Fig. 11.
For further figures and descriptions see Dennis
(1956), van der Gucht (1995: 380) and Carmona
(2008: 112).
Specimens examined: Panama. Chiriquí:
Renacimiento, Santa Clara, alt. ca. 1400 m,
28.X.2006, A.L. Carmona 27 (PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood. Chiriquí: Fortuna, close to
Quijada de Diablo, alt. ca. 1240 m, 22.IX.2007,
M. Piepenbring & T. Hofmann 4000 (M-
0140915, PMA). On dead angiosperm wood.
Veraguas: Distrito Santa Fe, first arm of Río
Santa María, Alto de Piedra, alt. 600-750 m,
30.IX.2007, M. Piepenbring, A. Carrizo & G.
González 4037 (M-0140919, PMA). On dead
angiosperm wood.
X. schweinitzii is a relatively common species in
Panama but cited here for the first time for
Panama. It is pantropically distributed (van der
Gucht 1995).
Discussion: The field work realized during the
last few years results in 22 new records of
Xylariaceae for Panama, Annulohypoxylon (2
species), Biscogniauxia (2), Camillea (1),
Daldinia (2), Hypoxylon (5), Kretzschmaria (2),
Nemania (1), Poronia (1), Whalleya (1) and
Xylaria (5), increasing the current knowledge of
Xylariaceae in Panama to 76 species. Some other
species are reported for the first time for the
provinces Chiriquí or Panamá.
The field work realized by A. Carmona from
2006 to 2007 yielded specimens corresponding
to 21 different species, of which 17 (81 %) were
new to Panama in 2008 (Carmona 2008). This
value is very high and reflects the lack of data on
fungi of Xylariaceae in Panama.
The present investigation has been realized
mainly in the province of Chiriquí in Western
Panama. Many more species of Xylariaceae will
be discovered in this and other parts of this
country, because of the high diversity of plants
and ecosystems. Intensive fieldwork has still to
be done in order to know all the species existing
in Panama. More collecting and taxonomic
studies are still badly needed to understand the
diversity, ecology and distribution of tropical
Xylariaceae.
Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Y.M.
Ju, M. Stadler, T. Læssøe, and two anonymous
reviewers for their collaboration with
identifications and valuable information. R.
Mangelsdorff, M. Amoruso, T. Hofmann,
colleagues and students of the Universidad
Autónoma de Chiriquí are thanked for
collaboration during fieldwork. The study was
supported by the Universidad de Panamá, la
Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, the German
Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the
Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (ANAM,
Panama).
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10 Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11
Species of Xylariaceae in the field in Panama. Fig. 1. Annulohypoxylon multiforme var. multiforme (MP
4070). Fig. 2. Annulohypoxylon truncatum (MP 3889). Fig. 3. Camillea stellata (MP 4587). Figs. 4-5.
Hypoxylon haematostroma (MP 4564). Fig. 4. Top view. Fig. 5. View of longitudinal section.

Carmona et al. New records of Xylariaceae from Panama. North American Fungi 4(3): 1-11 11
Species of Xylariaceae in the field in Panama. Fig. 6. Hypoxylon investiens (MP 4507). Fig. 7.
Kretzschmaria sandvicensis (MP 4514). Fig. 8. Poronia oedipus (MP 4247). Fig. 9. Xylaria enteroleuca
(MP 3976). Fig. 10. Xylaria fissilis (MP 3946). Fig. 11. Xylaria schweinitzii (MP 4000).