New Meliolaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 2: Species on host families Annonaceae, Cecropiaceae, Meliaceae, Piperaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Tiliaceae.

Abstract

Continuing the study of black mildews in fragments of the Atlantic forest, three new species and five new records are described herein. Irenopsis luheaegrandiflorae, Meliola vicosensis and Meliola xylopia-sericiae are new species. Cecropia hololeuca, Piper gaudichaudianum and Trichilia lepidota are new hosts for Asteridiella leucosykeae, Asteridiella glabroides and Meliola trichiliae respectively. Asteridiella obesa and Meliola psychotriae var. chiococcae are reported for the first time from Brazil. The new species are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopy and tables with main characteristics of morphologically similar specimens with species collected in Viçosa are provided. Other species belonging to Meliolaceae collected on hosts belonging to the Annonaceae, Meliaceae and Tiliaceae in Brazil also were studied.

Full text

New Meliolaceae from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 2:
species on host families Annonaceae, Cecropiaceae,
Meliaceae, Piperaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Tiliaceae
Danilo Batista Pinho
Andre´ Luiz Firmino
Walnir Gomes Ferreira-Junior
Olinto Liparini Pereira
1
Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de
Vic¸osa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil
Abstract
: Continuing the study of black mildews in
fragments of the Atlantic forest, three new species
and five new records are described herein.
Irenopsis
luheae-grandiflorae
,
Meliola vicosensis
and
Meliola
xylopia-sericiae
are new species.
Cecropia hololeuca
,
Piper gaudichaudianum
and
Trichilia lepidota
are new
hosts for
Asteridiella leucosykeae
,
Asteridiella glabroides
and
Meliola trichiliae
respectively.
Asteridiella obesa
and
Meliola psychotriae
var.
chiococcae
are reported for
the first time from Brazil. The new species are
described and illustrated based on light and scanning
electron microscopy and tables with main character-
istics of morphologically similar specimens with
species collected in Vic¸osa are provided. Other
species belonging to Meliolaceae collected on hosts
belonging to the Annonaceae, Meliaceae and Tilia-
ceae in Brazil also were studied.
Key words:
Ascomycota, black mildew, Meliolales,
plant parasitic fungi, tropical fungi
I
NTRODUCTION
As part of a continuous study of Brazilian black
mildews (Pereira and Barreto 2005; Pereira et al.
2006; Soares et al. 2006; Dutra et al. 2008; Pereira and
Silva 2009; Pinho et al. 2009; Macedo et al. 2010;
Pinho et al. 2012a, b; Silva et al. 2012), new species of
black mildews are described herein as result of
additional collections in fragments of the Atlantic
forest from Vic¸osa, Minas Gerais.
M
ATERIALS AND METHODS
A survey of the Meliolaceae in Vic¸osa, state of Minas Gerais
was performed in selected areas known as Mata da Biologia
(20u459260S, 42u519430W), Mata da Dendrologia (20u469290S,
42u529290W), Mata da Silvicultura (20u469050S, 42u529320W),
Reserva Florestal Mata do Paraı´so (20u459140S, 42u529530W)
and Mata do Seu Nico (20u479440S, 42u509530W). The first
four were located within the campus of the Universidade
Federal de Vic¸osa and the latter on nearby private property.
These areas bear fragments of the Atlantic forest and were
repeatedly visited in 2009. Samples of infected leaves,
showing symptoms of black mildew, were collected, photo-
graphed, dried and the types and examined materials
deposited in the herbarium of the Universidade Federal de
Vic¸osa (Herbarium VIC).
Freshly collected samples were examined under an
Olympus SZ 40 stereomicroscope. Fungal structures were
scraped with a scalpel from the plant surface and mounted
in lactophenol. Observations and measurements were
carried out with a Zeiss Standard W compound microscope,
and photographs were taken with an Olympus BX 51
compound microscope fitted with a digital camera (Evolt
E330). Sizes of structures were based on 30 measurements
for hyphae, appressoria, phialides, mycelial and perithecial
setae, perithecia and ascospores. Drawings were prepared
with a drawing tube and finalized with the method
described by Barber and Keane (2007). For scanning
electron microscopy, air-dried material was directly mount-
ed and coated by a thin layer of gold with a sputter-coater
(BalzersH model FDU 010) for 2 min. Photographs were
made with a Carl-Zeiss Model LEO VP 1430 scanning
electron microscope (SEM). The identification of host
species within families Annonaceae, Malvaceae (Tilioideae),
Meliaceae, Piperaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae and Urticaceae
(Cecropieae) followed APG III (2009).
TAXONOMY
Black mildew on Annonaceae
Meliola xylopiae-sericiae D.B. Pinho & O.L. Pereira,
sp. nov. F
IGS.1,2,5
MycoBank MB800354
Colonies hypophyllous, black, scattered, 2–8 mm
diam. External mycelium hypophyllous, dark brown.
Hyphae dark brown, septate, substraight to slightly
undulate, branching irregularly at wide angles,
bearing appressoria and phialides. Hyphal cells
22.5–50 3 6–8.5
mm. Appressoria alternate, straight
or bent, one–septate; stalk cells cylindrical or cuneate,
dark brown, 7.5–17.5 3 6–10
mm; head cells ovate,
oblong, sometimes entire, often slightly sublobate,
dark brown, 15–27.5 3 10–17.5
mm. Phialides mixed
with appressoria, opposite or alternate, numerous,
conical to ampulliform with elongated neck, brown,
18.5–40 3 6–8.5
mm. Mycelial setae numerous,
scattered and grouped around perithecia, straight,
Submitted 12 May 2012; accepted for publication 2 Oct 2012.
1
Corresponding author. E-mail: oliparini@ufv.br
Mycologia,
105(3), 2013, pp. 697–711. DOI: 10.3852/12-163
#
2013 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897
697

FIG. 1. Symptoms of black mildews. A.
Asteridiella glabroides
on
Piper gaudichaudianum
.B.
A. leucosykeae
on
Cecropia
hololeuca
.C.
A. obesa
on
Balfourodendron riedelianum
.D.
Meliola psychotriae
var.
chiococcae
on
Chiococca alba
.E.
Meliola xylopiae-
sericieae
on
Xylopia sericea
.F.
Meliola trichiliae
on
Trichilia lepidota
.G.
Meliola vicosensis
on
G. guidonia
,
Guarea kunthiana
(H)
and
Trichilia pallida
(I). J.
Irenopsis luheae-grandiflorae
on
Luehea grandiflora
.
698 MYCOLOGIA

FIG.2.
Meliola xylopiae-sericieae
on
Xylopia seri cea
. A. Mycelial seta. B. Tips of two mycelial setae. C. Ascospores with middle
cell large. D. Superficial hyphae with conidiogenous cells and appressoria. E. Superficial hyphae with two-celled alternately
disposed lateral appressoria. Bars 5 25
mm.
PINHO ET AL.:NEW MELIOLACEAE 699

erect to slightly arcuate, simple, apex obtuse, dark
brown, 210–780 3 7–12.5
mm. Perithecia black,
scattered, globose, verrucose, 150–320
mm diam. Asci
evanescent. Ascospores cylindrical, oblong to sub-
ellipsoid, hyaline when inside the ascus, becoming
brown to dark brown with age, rounded at the tips,
four-septate, constricted at the septa, with a larger
middle cell, 42.5–67.5 3 16–27.5
mm.
Etymology:
In reference to the specific epithet of the
host
Xylopia sericea
Specimen examined:
On living leaves of
Xylopia sericea
A.
St.-Hil. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata da Silvicultura,
13 May 2009, O. L. Pereira (VIC 31246 – HOLOTYPE).
Commentary
. Twenty-five species and five infraspecific
taxa of Meliolaceae are known in association with
members of the family Annonaceae. The only species
reported from Brazil are
Meliola ramicola
Hansf. on
Guatteria candolleana
Schltdl. and
M. xylopiae
F. Stevens
on
Xylopia
sp. (Hansford 1961, Silva and Minter 1995).
Among 22 species and five varieties of
Meliola
described in association with plants in this family, only
M. golaensis
,
M. kuprensis
,
M. xylopiae
and
M. xylopiae
var.
leonensis
were reported in association with
Xylopia
L. (Hansford 1961, Silva and Minter 1995, Hosagoudar
1996, Biju et al. 2005, Hosagoudar and Archana 2009).
The new
M. xylopiae-sericiae
described in this work
differs from all the others by having hypophyllous
colonies, longer appressorial stalk cells and hyphal
cells, slightly lobate appressorial head cells, erect to
slightly arcuate mycelial setae grouped around peri-
thecia and ascospores with a larger middle cell as well
as biometric features of the ascospores (T
ABLE I).
B
LACK MILDEWS ON MELIACEAE
Meliola vicosensis D.B. Pinho & O.L. Pereira, sp. nov.
F
IGS.1,3,5
MycoBank MB800356
Colonies amphigenous, mostly hypophyllous, con-
fluent, black, dense, scattered, 2–8 mm diam. External
mycelium amphigenous, dark brown. Hyphae dark
brown, septate, substraight to undulate, branching at
wide angles, opposite or irregular, bearing appressoria
and phialides. Hyphal cells 15–52.5 3 3.5–9
mm.
Appressoria alternate or unilateral, subantrorse,
straight or bent, one-septate; stalk cells cylindrical to
cuneate, dark brown, 2.5–10 3 2.5–7.5
mm; head cells
globose, ovate or wide pyriform, entire, dark brown,
7.5–16 3 7–14
mm. Phialides mixed with appressoria,
alternate or opposite, ampulliform, brown, 13–26 3 5–
12.5
mm. Mycelial setae numerous, scattered and
grouped around perithecia, erect to slightly arched
with surface slightly crenate, 3–7-septate, simple, apex
acute, dark brown, 125–324 3 4.5–9.5
mm. Perithecia
black, scattered, globose, verrucose, 125–245
mm diam.
Asci evanescent. Ascospores ellipsoid or oblong, end
cells often pointed at apex, hyaline when inside the
ascus, becoming brown to dark brown with age,
rounded at the tips, four-septate, constricted at the
septa, 30–47 3 10–17.5
mm.
Etymology:
in reference to Vic¸osa, the type locality.
Specimens examined:
On living leaves of
Guarea kunthiana
A. Juss. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata da Biologia, 20
Apr 2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31226 – HOLOTYPE); Minas
Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata do Paraı´so, 5 May 2009, D.B. Pinho
(VIC 31243); on living leaves of
Guarea guidonia
(L.)
Sleumer. Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata da Silvicultura, 23 Apr
2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31235); on living leaves of
Trichilia
pallida
Sw. Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata da Biologia, 20 April
2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31229); Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata
do Paraı´so, 4 May 2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31237).
Commentary:
Fifty-eight species and seven infraspe-
cific taxa of Meliolaceae are known to be associated
with members of the Meliaceae. The species reported
in Brazil are
M. platysperma
Theiss. and
M. guareina
Hansf. on
Guarea
sp.,
M. rickii
Hansf. on indetermi-
nate Meliaceae and
M. trifurcata
Cif. on
Carapa
sp.
TABLE I. Size and width of the main characteristics of
Meliola
species on Annonaceae with alternate appressoria and mycelial
setae with obtuse apex
Species Appressorial head cell (
mm) Phialide (mm) Ascospores (mm)
M. annonacearum
Stev. 11–15 3 9–13 12–16 3 6–7 32–38 3 14–16
M. annonae
Stev. 10–13 3 8–11 14–20 3 7–8 27–33 3 11–15
M. cleistopholidis
Hansf. 8–12 3 7–10 13–19 3 6–7 29–34 3 12–14
M. golaensis
Deighton 12–18 3 9–13 20–26 3 7–11 43–47 3 19–22
M. kuprensis
Deighton 14–18 3 8–10 20–28 3 7–9 44–50 3 24–25
M. popowiae
Doidge 10–15 3 9–12 15–22 3 6–9 35–40 3 13–16
M. popowiae
var.
cleistopholidis
Hughes 11–19 3 9–12 15–23 long 34–40 3 14–18
M. popowiae
var.
monodorae
Hansf. 12–15 3 10–12 15–22 3 6–7 35–40 3 13–16
M. popowiae
var.
tenuis
Hansf. & Deight 11–15 3 11–15 15–20 3 6–7 33–41 3 14–16
M. xylopiae
Stev. 17–22 3 11–13 18–32 3 7 48–54 3 20–26
M. xylopiae
var.
leonensis
Hansf. 11–16 3 10–14 21–27 3 7–10 42–53 3 15–19
M. xylopiae-sericiae
sp. nov. 15–27.5 3 10–17.5 18.5–40 3 6–8.5 42.5–67.5 3 16–27.5
700 MYCOLOGIA

FIG.3.
Meliola vicosensis
on
Guarea kunthiana
,
G. guidonia
and
Trichilia pallida
. A. Mycelial seta slightly crenate with an
acute apex. B. Tip of mycelial seta with acute apex. C. Ascospores with end cells often pointed at apex. D. Superficial hyphae
with conidiogenous cells. E. Superficial hyphae with two-celled alternately disposed lateral appressoria. Bars 5 25
mm.
PINHO ET AL.:NEW MELIOLACEAE 701

(Hansford 1961, Hosagoudar 1996, Biju et al. 2005,
Hosagoudar and Archana 2009). The present study
includes the description of a new species of
Meliola
on
Guarea kunthiana
,
G. guidonia
and
Trichilia pallida
and the new record of
M. trichiliae
on
T. lepidota
.
Forty-eight species and six varieties of
Meliola
are
known in association with members of Meliaceae. Of
particular relevance for this work are these taxa:
M.
atro-velutina
,
M. chorleyi
,
M. heyneae
,
M. opposita
var.
africana
,
M. sinuosa
,
M. togoensis
var.
angulata
,
M.
trichiliae
and
M. trichiliicola
, which are known on
species of
Trichilia
;
M. guareae
Speg.,
M. guareae
var.
major
,
M. guareicola
,
M. guareiella
,
M. guareina
,
M.
parasitica
and
M. platysperma
associated to species of
Guarea
and
Meliola bersamicola
and
Meliola togoensis
on
Trichilia
and
Guarea
.
One group of morphologically similar specimens
collected in Vic¸osa is similar to
M. guareicola
but
differs from the new species by epiphyllous colonies,
smaller hyphal cells (15–20 3 6–7
mm), mycelial setae
having their upper half uncinate or loosely coiled and
biometrics features of the head cells appressorial,
phialides and ascospores (T
ABLE II).
B
LACK MILDEW ON TILIACEAE
Irenopsis luheae-grandiflorae D.B. Pinho & O.L.
Pereira, sp. nov. F
IGS.1,4,5
MycoBank MB800358
Colonies epiphyllous, black, scattered, 1–2 mm
diam. External mycelium epiphyllous, black. Hyphae
dark brown, septate, substraight to tortuous, branch-
ing in acute angles, usually opposite, bearing appres-
soria and phialides. Hyphal cells 15–52.5 3 5–6
mm.
Appressoria alternate, unilateral, antrorse or straight,
one-septate; stalk cells cylindrical to cuneate, dark
brown, 3.5–11 3 5–7.5
mm; head cells ovate or
cuneate, entire, dark brown, 10–15 3 6–13.5
mm.
Phialides mixed with appressoria, ampulliform,
brown, 12.5–21 3 5–7.5
mm. Perithecia setose, black,
scattered, globose, verrucose, 152–247
mm diameter.
Perithecial setae 2–13 on each perithecium, dark
brown, simple, smooth, erect, straight or sometimes
slightly sinuous, apex obtuse, 0–2 septate, 62.5–146 3
3.5–5
mm. Asci evanescent. Ascospores cylindrical to
ellipsoid, hyaline when inside the ascus, becoming
brown to dark brown with age, rounded at the tips,
four-septate, constricted at the septa, 27.5–37.5 3 10–
15
mm.
Etymology:
in reference to the specific epithet of the host
Luehea grandiflora
Specimens examined:
On living leaves of
Luehea grandiflo-
ra
Mart. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata da Biologia, 20
Apr 2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31231 – HOLOTYPE), Minas
Gerais, Vic¸osa, Mata da Silvicultura, 23 Apr 2009, D.B. Pinho
(VIC 31233).
Commentary:
Twenty species and six varieties of
Meliolaceae have been described from members of
the Tiliaceae (Hansford 1961, Silva and Minter 1995,
TABLE II. Size and width of the main characteristics of
Meliola
species on Meliaceae with alternate appressoria and mycelial
setae with acute apex
Species Appressorial head cell (
mm) Phialide (mm) Ascospores (mm)
M. aglaiicola
Hansf. 9–13 3 9–13 10–15 3 7–10 33–38 3 15–16
M. atro-velutina
Speg. 10–16 3 6–9 — 43–48 3 15–17
M. bersamicola
Hansf. 12–18 3 11–15 15–20 3 8–10 47–57 3 15–20
M. chorleyi
Hansf. 8–15 3 7–9 18–22 3 7–8 42–49 3 11–13
M. dysoxylicola
Hansf. 10–19 3 7–11 — 42–46 3 17–19
M. guareae
Speg. 16–23 3 9–12 16–20 3 8–10 40–47 3 18–21
M. guareae
var.
major
Hansf. 18–28 3 12–17 18–24 3 9–10 56–64 3 20–24
M. guareicola
Stev. 9–14 3 8–10 14–18 3 6–8 32–37 3 10–12
M. guareiella
Hansf. 10–12 3 7–9 16–22 3 7–8 31–36 3 10–14
M. guareina
Hansf. 13–20 3 11–14 — 45–52 3 18–20
M. heyneae
Hansf. & Thirum 12–16 3 8–10 15–20 3 7–9 35–43 3 15–19
M. opposita
var.
africana
10–13 3 8–12 16–20 3 6–8 36–40 3 14–17
M. parasitica
Stev. 10–18 3 10–13 15–20 3 7–9 45–53 3 17–19
M. platysperma
Theiss 12–14 wide — 50–56 3 24–28
M. sinuosa
Doidge — 14–20 3 6–7 48–55 3 15–18
M. togoensis
Hughes 11–18 3 10–12 12–20 3 7–8 37–39 3 12–14
M. togoensis
var.
angulata
Hughes 12–20 3 11–17 14–20 3 6–8 36–40 3 14–17
M. trichiliae
Beeli 12–16 3 10–12 13–20 3 7–9 44–51 3 15–18
M. trichiliicola
Speg. 10–15 3 7–10 15–18 3 7–9 44–50 3 16–20
M. vicosensis
sp. nov. 7.5–16 3 7–14 13–26 3 5–12.5 30–47 3 10–17.5
M. zamboangensis
Hansf. 14–18 3 10–15 13–17 3 7–9 37–45 3 13–17
702 MYCOLOGIA

FIG.4.
Irenopsis luheae-grandiflorae
on
Luehea grandiflora
. A. Perithecial setae. B. Ascospores. C, D. Superficial hyphae with
conidiogenous cells. E. Superficial hyphae with two-celled alternately disposed lateral appressoria. Bars 5 25
mm.
PINHO ET AL.:NEW MELIOLACEAE 703

FIG. 5. SEM photographs. A. Perithecia and mycelial setae, ostiolum (B) and tip of mycelial seta with obtuse apex (C) from
Meliola xylopiae-sericiae
. D. Perithecium from
Asteridiella leucosykeae
. E. Setose perithecia and tip of seta with obtuse apex (F)
from
Irenopsis luheae-grandiflorae
. G. Perithecia and mycelial setae and tip of mycelial setae with acute apex (H–I) from
Meliola
vicosensis
. Bars: A 5 100 mm; B–I 5 20 mm.
704 MYCOLOGIA

Hosagoudar 1996, Hosagoudar and Archana 2009),
but only
Asteridiella amoena
(Syd.) Hansf. on
Christiana africana
DC. was reported in Brazil (Silva
and Minter 1995).
The classification proposed by APG III system
considers Bombacoideae, Sterculioideae and Tilioi-
deae as subfamilies within Urticaceae (APG 2009),
hence species of Meliolaceae known on members of
Urticaceae must be considered. Four species and five
varieties of
Irenopsis
are known on Tiliaceae worldwide:
Irenopsis coimbatorica
Hosag., C.M. Pillai & Raghu,
I.
coronata
(Speg.) F. Stevens,
I. coronata
var.
christianae
(Deighton) Hansf. & Deighton, I.
coronata
var.
philippinensis
F. Stevens & Roldan,
I. triumfettae
(F.
Stevens) Hansf. & Deighton,
I. triumfettae
var.
glyphaeicola
(Deighton) Hansf. & Deighton,
I. trium-
fettae
var.
indica
Hosag. & T.K. Abraham,
I. triumfettae
var.
vanderystii
(Beeli) Hansf. & Deighton and
I.
lagunae
Hansf. (Hansford 1961, Hosagoudar 1996,
Farr and Rossman 2012, Hosagoudar and Archana
2009). Among these species only
I. coronata
and
I.
triumfettae
are known to be associated with species of
the genus
Luehea
, namely to
L. divaricata
Mart. and
L.
speciosa
Willd. respectively. The new fungus is dissim-
ilar from these species but it is morphology similar to
I.
coimbatorica
and
I. coronata
var.
christianae
.The
presence of appressoria with ovate or cuneate head
cells, straight and smooth perithecial setae and
ascospores of different size (T
ABLE III), distinguish
our specimens from other described species.
N
EW RECORDS OF MELIOLACEAE FROM BRAZIL
Asteridiella glabroides
(F. Stevens) Hansf. Beihefte zur
Sydowia 2:71. 1961. F
IGS.1,6
On living leaves of
Piper gaudichaudianum
Kunth.
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Reserva Florestal Mata do
Paraı´so, 11 May 2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31242 –
HOLOTYPE). This species is cited here for the first
time from Brazil, and
P. gaudichaudianum
is a new host
species for this fungus. It is known from Costa Rica,
Cuba, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Venezuela, Virgin
Islands (Hansford 1961, Farr and Rossman 2012).
Asteridiella leucosykeae
(Yates) Hansf. Beihefte zur
Sydowia 2: 333. 1961. F
IGS.1,7
On living leaves of
Cecropia hololeuca
Miq. BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata do Seu Nico, 18 May 2009,
D.B. Pinho (VIC 31247 – HOLOTYPE). Cecropieae
currently is considered a subfamily within Urticaceae
(APG III 2009). Thus, this species previously reported
in Urticaceae is reported here for the first time from
Brazil and
C. hololeuca
is a new host species for this
fungus. Until now this species apparently was known
only from the Philippines (Hansford 1961).
Asteridiella obesa
(Speg.) Hansf., Beihefte zur Sydowia
2:378–379. 1961. F
IGS.1,8
On living leaves of
Balfourodendron riedelianum
(Engl.) Engl. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata da
Dendrologia, 16 Sep 2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31239 –
ISOTYPE). This species is reported here for the first
time from Brazil. Until now it was known only from
Argentina and Paraguay (Hansford 1961).
Meliola psychotriae
Earle var.
chiococcae
Hansf.,
Beihefte zur Sydowia 2:606–607. 1961. F
IGS.1,9
On living leaves of
Chiococca alba
(L.) Hitchc.
BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata do Paraı´so, 4 May
TABLE III. Size and width of the main characteristics of
Irenopsis
species on Urticaceae with alternate appressoria and
perithecial setae with obtuse apex
Species Appressorial head cell (
mm) Phialide (mm) Ascospores (mm)
I. buettneriicola
Deighton.
a
16–22 3 14–17 18–30 3 7–8 36–45 3 13–20
I coimbatorica
V.B. Hosagoudar, C.M. Pillai,
P.A. Raghu
b
9–10 3 8–9.5 15–18.5 3 9–10 34–37.5 3 14–15.5
I. coronata
(Speg.) Stev.
b
10–17 3 10–17 15–22 3 6–9 37–47 3 15–21
I. coronata
var. christianae (Deight.) Hansf.
& Deight.
b
11–16 3 10–16 15–22 3 6–8 31–39 3 10–15
I. coronata
var.
philippinensis
Stev. & Rold.
b
13–17 3 10–12 18–25 3 7–8 38–44 3 17–19
I. luheae-grandiflorae
sp. nov.
b
10–15 3 6–13.5 12.5–21 3 5–7.5 27.5–37.5 3 10–15
I. media
Deight.
a
14–19 3 13–15 16–25 3 8–10 47–52 3 20–22
I. molleriana
(Wint.) Stev. 10–14 3 10–16 15–22 3 6–8 33–43 3 10–16
I. molleriana
var. major Hansf. 15–19 3 12–17 17–22 3 7–8 38–45 3 17–20
I. nesogordaniae
Deighton.
a
12–19 3 9–12 14–20 3 6–8 37–42 3 13–19
I. tjibodense
Hansf.
a
11–15 3 11–14 18–23 3 7–9 33–39 3 14–17
I. triumfettae
(Stev.) Hansf. & Deight.
b
10–14 3 9–14 16–23 3 7–8 33–43 3 14–18
a
Species reported in host previously classified within families Sterculiaceae and
b
Tiliaceae.
PINHO ET AL.:NEW MELIOLACEAE 705

FIG.6.
Asteridiella glabroides
on
Piper gaudichaudianum
. A. Ascospores. B. Superficial hyphae with two-celled alternately
disposed lateral appressoria. C. Superficial hyphae with conidiogenous cells and appressoria. Bars 5 25
mm.
706 MYCOLOGIA

FIG.7.
Asteridiella leucosykeae
on
Cecropia hololeuca
. A. Ascospores four-septate, sometimes two-septate. B. Superficial
hyphae with two-celled alternately disposed lateral appressoria. C. Superficial hyphae with conidiogenous cells and
appressoria. D. Detail of superficial hyphae with conidiogenous cells. Bars 5 25
mm.
PINHO ET AL.:NEW MELIOLACEAE 707

2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31236 – ISOTYPE). This species is
reported here for the first time from Brazil. It is also
known from Barbados, Cuba, Florida, Puerto Rico and the
Virgin Islands (Hansford 1961, Farr and Rossman 2012).
Meliola trichiliae
Beeli, Beihefte zur Sydowia 2:412.
1961. F
IGS.1,10
On living leaves of
Trichilia lepidota
Mart. BRAZIL:
Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata da Biologia, 20 Apr 2009,
D.B. Pinho (VIC 31227); Minas Gerais: Vic¸osa, Mata
do Paraı´so, 16 Mar 2009, D.B. Pinho (VIC 31223 –
ISOTYPE). This species is reported here for the first
time from Brazil, and
T. lepidota
is a new host species
for this fungus. Up to now it is apparently only known
FIG.8.
Asteridiella obesa
on
Balfourodendron riedelianum
. A. Ascospores. B. Superficial hyphae with two-celled alternately
disposed lateral appressoria and conidiogenous cells. C. Superficial hyphae with conidiogenous cells. D. Superficial hyphae
with conidiogenous cells and appressoria. Bars 5 25
mm.
708 MYCOLOGIA

FIG.9.
Meliola psychotriae
var.
chiococcae
on
Chiococca alba
. A. Mycelial seta with acute apex. B. Detail of mycelial seta with
acute apex. C. Ascospores. D. Superficial hyphae with two-celled alternately disposed lateral appressoria. E. Superficial hyphae
with conidiogenous cells. Bars 5 25
mm.
PINHO ET AL.:NEW MELIOLACEAE 709

FIG. 10.
Meliola trichiliae
on
Trichilia lepidota
. A. Mycelial seta with a obtuse apex. B. Ascospores with middle cell large. C.
Superficial hyphae with two-celled oppositely disposed lateral appressoria. D. Superficial hyphae with conidiogenous cells and
appressoria. Bars 5 25
mm.
710 MYCOLOGIA

for China, Congo and Cuba (Hansford 1961, Farr and
Rossman 2012).
In our program of surveying and describing the
foliicolous and phytopathogenic mycodiversity of
fragments of Brazilian Atlantic forest, the Meliolales
are the largest group of fungi. This high number of
species described reflects the diversity of black
mildews in the Neotropics. Based on our studies of
Meliolales in fragments of Atlantic forest, we con-
clude that more periodic surveys are necessary
because many more new species await description.
A
CKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Cientı´fico e Tecnolo´gico (CNPq) for financial support. The
authors acknowledge the Nu´ cleo de Microscopia e Micro-
ana´lise of the Universidade Federal de Vic¸osa for the use of its
facilities and thank Karla V. G. Ribeiro for technical support.
LITERATURE CITED
APG III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny
Group classification for the orders and families of
flowering plants: APG III. Bot J Linn Soc 161:105–121,
doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Barber PA, Keane PJ. 2007. A novel method of illustrating
microfungi. Fungal Divers 27:1–10.
Biju CK, Hosagoudar VB, Abraham TK. 2005. Meliolaceae
of Kerala, India, XV. Nova Hedwigia 80:465–502,
doi:10.1127/0029-5035/2005/0080-0465
Dutra DC, Silva M, Pereira OL. 2008. Black mildew disease
on the Neotropical forest species
Aspidosperma poly-
neuron
in Brazil, caused by
Meliola aspidospermatis
.
Australas Plant Dis Notes 3:101–102, doi:10.1071/
DN08040
Farr DF, Rossman AY. 2012. Fungal Databases, Systematic
Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA.
http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ [Accessed 15
Jan 2012]
Hansford CG. 1961. The Meliolineae—a monograph.
Beihefte Sydowia 2:1–806.
Hosagoudar VB. 1996. Meliolales of India. Botanical Survey
of India, Calcutta.
———, Archana GR. 2009. Host range of meliolaceous
fungi in India. J Threatened Taxa 1:269–282.
Macedo DM, Pinho DB, Barreto RW, Cuda JP, Pereira OL.
2010. Black mildew fungi (Meliolaceae) associated with
Schinus terebinthifolius
(Brazilian pepper tree) in
Brazil. Mycotaxon 114:429–437, doi:10.5248/114.429
Pereira OL, Barreto RW. 2005.
Meliola psychotriae
: a new
addition to the micobiota of the weed
Mitracarpus
hirtus
. Australas Plant Pathol 34:621–622, doi:10.1071/
AP05076
———, Silva M. 2009. Black mildew disease on the
Neotropical tree
Cecropia glaziovi
in Brazil, caused by
Appendiculella echinus
. Australas Plant Dis Notes 4:4–5,
doi:10.1071/DN09002
———, Soares DJ, Barreto RW. 2006. First report of
Asteridiella pittieri
on golden dewdrop (
Duranta repens
var.
aurea
) in Brazil. Australas Plant Dis Notes 1:17–18,
doi:10.1071/DN06008
Pinho DB, Firmino AL, Ferreira Junior WG, Pereira OL.
2012a. An efficient protocol for DNA extraction from
Meliolales and the description of
Meliola centellae
sp.
nov. Mycotaxon 122:333–345, doi:10.5248/122.333
———, Pereira OL, Firmino AL, Silva M, Ferreira-Junior
WG, Barreto RW. 2012b. New Meliolaceae from the
Brazilian Atlantic Forest 1. Species on hosts in the
families Asteraceae, Burseraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Faba-
ceae and Sapindaceae. Mycologia 104:121–137,
doi:10.3852/10-260
———, ———, Nicoli A, Honorato-Junior J, Braganc¸a CAD.
2009. Black mildew disease on the Neotropical medic-
inal shrub
Pothomorphe umbellata
in Brazil, caused by
Irenopsis tortuosa
var.
potomorphes
. Australas Plant Dis
Notes 4:84–86.
Silva M, Barreto RW, Pereira OL. 2012. Fungal pathogens of
cat’s claw from Brazil for biocontrol of
Macfadyena
unguis-cati
. Mycotaxon 119:181–195, doi:10.5248/
119.181
———, Minter DW. 1995. Fungi from Brazil recorded by
Batista and co-workers. Mycol Pap 169:1–585.
Soares DJ, Parreira DF, Barreto RW. 2006. A new variety of
Meliola thalliformis
from Brazil. Mycotaxon 95:201–204.
PINHO ET AL.:NEW MELIOLACEAE 711