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Re-description and biocontrol information of Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) (Hym., Braconidae, Aphidiinae), parasitoid of Pterochloroides persicae (Chol.) (Hom., Aphidoidea, Lachnidae)
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A survey was carried out on the distribution and seasonal occurrence of Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) in some provinces of Iran. P. antennata was the only specific parasitoid of the brown peach aphid, Pterochloroides persicae (Chlor.) that occurred in all of the sampling areas where the aphid was active. Activity of the parasitoid in spring was severely reduced by chemical treatments. Because of the host specificity, distribution and synchronization with its host, P. antennata can be an effective biological control agent. Five species of hyperparasitoids, Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis) (Hym., Megaspilidae), Syrphophagus aphidivorus (Mayr) (Hym., Encyrtidae); Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouche), Euneura lachni (Ashmead) (Hym., Pteromalidae), and Tetrastichus sp. (Hym., Eulophidae) were active in the studied area. P. antennata was re-described and the differences from the original materials were discussed.
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... Sporadically researches have been done on the aphid parasitoids in fruit orchards in various regions of Iran (Rakhshani et al. 2005b(Rakhshani et al. , 2008aJafari et al. 2011;Jafari and Modarres Awal 2012;Nazari et al. 2012;Barahoei et al. 2013), supplemented by an additional compilation on the aphid parasitoids, which occurred in pome and stone fruit trees (Rakhshani 2012). The latter contribution supplied the major list of the known parasitoid species attacking common aphids on various host plants categorized as economically important species grown in commercial orchards. ...
... In the ecological view, it should be considered as important colonizing patches for the aphid parasitoids, too. Pauesia antennata (Mukerji) is a strictly specific parasitoids of the giant brown peach aphid, Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky) on its Prunaceae host plants (Rakhshani et al. 2005b). The aphid appeared in the high populations with economically injurious situation, which is a consequence of chemical treatment with wide spectrum insecticides. ...
... Aphid hyperparasitism is evolved within three superfamily of hymenoptera including Chalcidoidea, Ceraphronoidea and Cynipoidea. Few genera of the large families within Chalcidoidea are the aphid hyperparasitoids including Asaphes Walker, Coruna Walker, Euneura Walker and Pachyneuron Walker (Pteromalidae), among them the Pachyneuron aphidis (Bouché) is rather common in association with many aphid parasitoid complexes (González et al. 1978;Talebi et al. 2009;Rakhshani et al. 2004bRakhshani et al. , 2005bRakhshani et al. , 2009Farsi et al. 2010;Darsoei et al. 2011;Amini et al. 2012;Jahan et al. 2013;Nematollahi et al. 2014 (Lotfalizadeh and Gharali 2008;Mitroiu et al. 2011), known to occurs across the entire Holarctic region (Noyes 2019). There is no record of the genus Conura in Iran and no host data is also documented for Euneura lachni (Ashmead), except in association with Pauesia antennata/Pterochloroides persicae (Rakhshani et al. 2005b). ...
Various aspects of the knowledge on the aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Aphidiinae) with regards to the biological control of pest aphids are presented. The aphidiines are exclusively associated with aphids and can be found in various natural and agro-ecosystems. There are both specific and generalist aphid parasitoids, which can be used in various biological control programs. In taxonomic point of view, a good knowledge of Iranian Aphidiinae is now compiled together with their host associations, which provide a background data for many subsequent research. Many studies have been done on various aspects of their biology including, life history and demography, functional response, foraging behavior and host preference. These surveys are generally focused on the economically important aphids and their parasitoids under laboratory conditions and in the field to a lesser extent. Occurrence of the aphid parasitoids in various ecosystems including arable lands, fruit orchards, urban areas and their impacts on the population of the host aphids are discussed. Efficiency of the aphid parasitoids can be impaired by different factors i.e. hyperparasitism, intra-guild predation and agricultural activities. So, a conservation program is necessary in most cases to be done. A simple, but important definition as refugium should be receive further priority in all conservation programs, which include some parts of natural or obligatory migration of the aphid parasitoids inside their ecological niches. Many researches have been centered to search and find potentially useful parasitoids in Iran to be introduced into new area for the biocontrol of some invasive pest aphids. On the other hand, there are some invasive aphids in Iran, free of parasitoids and in pest status. Among several potentially effective aphid parasitoids, few species can be commercially produced. Successful mass rearing of the aphid parasitoids is a crucial aspect of the aphid biological control especially in glasshouses. A brief review of the potential species, as well as the significance of factors affecting the cost-effective mass production is discussed.
... Pauesia antennata Mukerji (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a specific parasitoid of the brown peach aphid Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Cross & Poswal 1996;Rakhshani et al. 2005). It is a solitary endoparasitoid originating from Southeast Asia (Kairo & Poswal 1995). ...
... It is a solitary endoparasitoid originating from Southeast Asia (Kairo & Poswal 1995). Its presence was limited to Pakistan, Iran and Iraq (Rakhshani et al. 2005) despite wide distribution of P. persicae which is found in temperate regions such as Asia, southern Europe, America, Italy, Spain, France, eastern Mediterranean and North Africa (Bolchi Serini & Cravedi 1985;El Trigui & El Sherif 1989;Mendoza & Lacasa 1995;Kairo & Poswal 1995;Stoetzel & Miller 1998;Rakshshani et al.2005;Blackman & Eastop 2006;Ateyyat & Abu-Darwish 2009;Mdellel et al. 2011;Hidalgo et al. 2013;Anses 2016). In Tunisia, the brown peach aphid has been reported as a serious pest of Prunus spp., especially peach and almond trees (Jerraya 2003;Ben Halima Kamel & Ben Hamouda (2004; Mdellel et al. 2011;. ...
Pauesia antennata Mukerji is a specific parasitoid of the brown peach aphid Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky which causes severe damage on almond and peach in Tunisia. To control this pest, P. antennata was collected from Iran, introduced to Tunisia in 2011 and some of their biological parameters were studied in laboratory conditions. Therefore, in orchard, aphid population and sites/zones of Tunisia and aphid behaviour impact on the parasitoid have not been studied. Morphometric measurements, molecular analysis of P. persicae specimens collected from two Tunisian sites [(Akouda-Sousse (Site 1), Sfax (Site 2)] were studied and compared and aphid behaviour versus P. antennata was followed. Results demonstrated a significant difference of four morphological characters (body length, body width, total antennal length, hind femora length). Molecular analysis showed two haplotypes corresponding to the sites. For biological analysis, larval longevities were 14.3 ± 1.52 and 12.6 ± 2.08 days for Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. Fecundities were 20.2 ± 13.57 and 12.3 ± 11.06 larvae/day corresponding to Sites 1 and 2, respectively. A relationship between P. persicae specimens and behaviour versus P. antennata were explained.
... Similar to female, but antenna with two anelli and six funicular segments, costal cell forewing widened with dense bristles, marginal vein shorter and wider, body metallic green with weak bronzecopper reflection, wings hyaline, veins and setae brown. (Rakhshani et al. 2005), and Kerman (current study) provinces; No exact locality cited (OILB 1971). General distribution. ...
A faunistic survey on the parasitic wasps of the subfamily Pteromalinae Dalman, 1820 (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae) of South-Eastern Iran (Kerman province) was done. In total 46 specimens representing 10 genera and 16 species are identified, among them, Dinarmus altifrons (Walker, 1862) and Syntomopus incurvus Walker, 1833 are recorded for the first time for the fauna of Iran. Previously recorded species of Pteromalinae from this area are also reviewed and
listed. Faunistic analysis of the known species according to their distribution both in Iran and in a broader biogeographical sense is also discussed.
... Además se han identificado ejemplares del género Pachyneuron, que son considerados hiperparasitoides de pulgón a través de bracónidos de la subfamilia afidiínos. Entre otros está citado sobre Aphis spiraecola, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Valentine, 1975) y Pterochloroides persicae (Rakhshani et al., 2005). El género Pachyneuron también está asociado a la familia psílidos (Dzhanokmen, 1990) y está citado como hiperparasitoide sobre otros calcidoideos, como Microterys spp. ...
... As an important group of the aphid's natural enemies, Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae) having an important role in control of aphid population on different crop plants (Starý, 1970;Hughes et al., 1987;Rakhshani et al., 2004aRakhshani et al., , 2004bRakhshani et al., , 2005aRakhshani et al., , 2005bMdellel et al., 2015). The subfamily comprises a number 420-505 species worldwide, mainly distributed in the Holarctic region (Žikić et al., 2017). ...
ABSTRACT. A survey was conducted to study the fauna of the subfamily Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae) in Hormozgan province (Southern Iran). Specimens were collected using Malaise traps and sweep nets from various habitats during 2013–2016. A total of fiftheen species belonging to seven genera, Aphidius Nees, 1819 (7 species); Diaeretiella Starý, 1960 (1); Ephedrus Haliday, 1833 (2); Binodoxys Mackauer 1960 (1); Lysiphlebus Förster, 1862 (1); Praon Haliday, 1833 (2) and Trioxys Haliday, 1833 (1) were identified. All species are newly recorded from Hormozgan province (and its island). A key to the known species in Hormozgan province is provided.
... As an important group of the aphid's natural enemies, Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae) having an important role in control of aphid population on different crop plants (Starý, 1970;Hughes et al., 1987;Rakhshani et al., 2004aRakhshani et al., , 2004bRakhshani et al., , 2005aRakhshani et al., , 2005bMdellel et al., 2015). The subfamily comprises a number 420-505 species worldwide, mainly distributed in the Holarctic region (Žikić et al., 2017). ...
A survey was conducted to study the fauna of the subfamily
Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae) in Hormozgan province (Southern Iran).
Specimens were collected using Malaise traps and sweep nets from various
habitats during 2013–2016. A total of fiftheen species belonging to seven genera, Aphidius Nees, 1819 (7 species); Diaeretiella Starý, 1960 (1); Ephedrus Haliday, 1833 (2); Binodoxys Mackauer 1960 (1); Lysiphlebus Förster, 1862 (1); Praon Haliday, 1833 (2) and Trioxys Haliday, 1833 (1) were identified. All species are newly recorded from Hormozgan province (and its island). A key to the known species in Hormozgan province is provided.
In order to recognize the plants that might be considered as hosts of aphids and parasitoid activity, this research was undertaken in Oum El Bouaghi province (Northeastern Algeria) to determine the nature of these associations in different habitats. Aphid and parasitoid samples collected directly from infested plants and were conserved in 70% ethanol for identification. A total of thirty-four species of aphids were identified. Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae and Brachycaudus helichrys may be defined as broadly polyphagous, with respect to their host range pattern. In this study, the range of parasitoids comprised seven species that parasitized only eight aphid species. Lysiphlebus testaceipes was the most polyphagous and common parasitoid species. This introduced species was found in seven tri-trophic associations, which make it the first candidate for biological control against many species of aphids. We report several wild plant species as reservoirs of parasitoids, which are potential regulators of many aphid pest species e.g. Marrubium vulgare that can attract four species of parasitoids. Les pucerons et leurs hyménoptères parasitoïdes dans la wilaya d'Oum El Bouaghi (Algérie) Résumé Afin de reconnaître les plantes qui peuvent être considérées comme hôtes de l'activité des pucerons et des parasitoïdes, cette recherche a été entreprise dans la province d'Oum El Bouaghi (Nord-Est de l'Algérie) pour déterminer la nature de ces associations dans différents habitats. Les échantillons de pucerons et de parasitoïdes prélevés directement sur les plantes infestées ont été conservés dans de l'éthanol à 70 % en vue de leur identification. Au total, trente-quatre espèces de pucerons ont été identifiées. Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae et Brachycaudus helichrys peuvent être définis comme largement polyphages, en ce qui concerne leur gamme d'hôtes. Dans cette étude, la richesse en parasitoïdes comptait sept espèces qui ne parasitaient que huit espèces de pucerons. Lysiphlebus testaceipes était l'espèce parasitoïde la plus polyphage et la plus commune. Cette espèce introduite a été trouvée dans sept associations tri-trophiques, ce qui en fait le premier candidat pour la lutte biologique contre de nombreuses espèces de pucerons. Nous signalons plusieurs espèces de plantes spontanées comme réservoirs de parasitoïdes qui sont des régulateurs potentiels de nombreuses espèces de pucerons ravageurs, comme par exemple Marrubium vulgare qui peut attirer quatre espèces de parasitoïdes.
Aphids are among the most obnoxious pests of almond and peach in Tunisia. Accurate control of these insect pests requires the determination of their major species as well as the thorough understanding of the biology and identification of their major natural enemies. The scope of this chapter is to identify the main aphid species infesting almond and peach in Tunisia, to describe their biology, to determine their natural enemies and to study their efficiency as biological agents. A field survey was carried out during 2007–2016 period at Almond and Peach orchards in Tunisia. Results demonstrated the presence of Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy, Hyalopterus amygdali Blanchard, Brachycaudus amygdalinus Schouteden, Myzus persicae Sulzer, Brachycaudus schzartwi Borner and Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky. Biological study of recorded species demonstrated the presence of holocyclic and anholocyclic life cycle depending on host trees and aphid species. For predators, four families (Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, Chrysopidae, Cecidomyiidae) and one parasitoid and two entomopathogenic fungi species were identified. For control of Pterochloroides persicae, results showed that Pauesia antennata Mukergi was more efficacy than Coccinella algerica Kovar. This parasitoid should be reared and used in future integrated pest management program in almond and peach orchard in Tunisia.
An updated comprehensive list of the Middle East species of the subfamily Aphidiinae is provided. The fauna of the Middle East countries comprises 111 Aphidiinae species in 18 genera and three tribes (Aphidiini Haliday, 1833, Ephedrini Mackauer, 1961; Praini Mackauer, 1961). The aphidiine species of the present checklist are reported from 14 countries of the Middle East which among them, the fauna of Iran with 92 recorded species is the most diverse. Distributions in the Middle East countries and extralimital as well as host records are represented for each species. A simplified key to genera is also provided.
This study was carried out to determine the species belonging to the Aphididae family and populations of their natural enemies obtained from the pome, stone and nuts fruit species such as pear, quince, almond, walnut, apple, plum, apricot, cranberry, sweet cherry, mahaleb, peach and cherry trees in Erzincan and Gümüşhane Provinces in 2011-2013. 24 aphids species, 65 predators species and 11 parasitoids species were determined and 15 fungi genus or species were isolated. In addition, 13 secondary of aphids hosts identified as a result of work and and aphids population have been identified in the most southern direction. Among the aphid species, Aphis pomi de Geer, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach), Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy), Dysaphis devecta (Walker), Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri (Boyer de Fonscolombe), Myzus cerasi (Fabricius) and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) were found more widespread and higher population levels were also determined than the other species. Anthocoris nemoralis (F.), Orius minutus (L.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Deraecoris (Knightocapsus) lutescens (Schilling), D. rutilus (Heriich-Schaeffer), D. (Camptobrochis) serenus (D.&S.) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Adalia bipunctata (L.), Adalia fasciatopunctata revelierei Mulsant, Coccinella septempunctata (L.), Oenopia (Synharmonia) conglobata (L.), Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (L.), Scymnus pallipediformis Günther, Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze), Stethorus punctillum Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Episyrphus balteatus De Geer, Eupeodes corollae (F.), Sphaerophoria scripta (L.) (Dipetera: Syrphidae) ve Leucopis sp. (Dipetera: Chamaemyiidae), Aphidius eadyi (Starý,González&Hall), A. ambiguus (Haliday), Trioxys pallidus (Haliday), Praon dorsale (Haliday) (Braconidae) and Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) (Aphelinidae) species determined as natural enemies of aphids, were found most widespread in the study area.
1. We analysed data collected in 1985-89 from cereal fields to elucidate the relationships between the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of cereal aphids. The analysis aimed to establish whether or not hyperparasitoids interfere with the impact of primary parasitoids on cereal aphid populations. 2. From more than 10000 parasitized aphids, 14 primary parasitoid and 18 hyperparasitoid species were reared. The five most common hyperparasitoids attacked the five most common primary parasitoids, which, in turn, parasitized most frequently the most abundant aphid species, Sitobion avenae (F.). 3. Levels of aphid primary parasitism never exceeded 33%, whereas levels of hyperparasitism often reached 100% in the latter part of the season. However, the low rates of aphid primary parasitism could not have been solely the result of hyperparasitism: if primary parasitoid females which emerged early continued to deposit eggs before the collapse of the aphid populations, those females should have been numerous enough to parasitize large numbers of their hosts before hyperparasitoid pressure became high. 4. We hypothesize that primary parasitoid females leave areas which develop high hyperparasitoid densities. A multiple linear regression model was used to test the hypothesis. The observed declines of aphid primary parasitism were quantitatively related to hyperparasitoid density. 5. The results of this study and additional theoretical considerations are in favour of the above hypothesis. However, other factors such as mortality other than that due to hyperparasitoid attack, and aestivation acting together may also contribute to the low abundance of primary parasitoid females later in the season.
The aphidiid parasitoids of Guam and their associated host aphids are documented. Lipolexis oregmae (Gahan), Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) and Aphidius matricariae Haliday were collected from Guam, with the latter being represented by a single specimen. The aphidiids Aphidius colemani Viereck and Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh) have been released as biological control agents on Guam. A. colemani was reared from Aphis gossypii Glover mummies collected from the release area shortly after its initial introduction, but has not been recov- ered in subsequent samples. Likewise, D. rapae was recovered at sever- al release sites about a month after release, but not since. All aphidiid parasitoids observed on Guam are introduced species, as are the aphids they attack. A synonymy between L. scutellaris (Mackauer) and L. oregmae (Gahan) is provided, as is a key to Guam aphid parasitoids. Aphelinid parasitoids were occasionally collected in this study. While listed in the collection index , they were not identified to species level or dealt with further in the analysis.