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The Entolomataceae of the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana 5: new species of Alboleptonia
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This paper is the fifth in a series documenting the Entolomataceae taxa (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Guyana. Three new species are described — Alboleptonia angustospora, A. cystidiosa, and A. minima — occurring in tropical rainforests of the Upper Potaro River Basin in Guyana's Pakaraima Mountains. Macromorphological, micromorphological, and habitat data are provided for each. Alboleptonia has not been previously reported from Guyana.
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... One of the simplest and distinct type of basidiospores in Entoloma s.l. is described as cuboid and it is recognized by six, more or less equal, quadrangular faces, two of which are the facets forming a dihedral base, one adaxial facet, a pair of lateral facets meeting in the apical adaxial position and an abaxial face (Pegler & Young 1978. A review of the taxonomic literature on cuboid basidiospores, mostly observed in optical microscopy, found them referred to in the following ways as: 'cuboid' (Romagnesi 1941, 1956, Dennis 1953, 1961, Horak 1973, 1977a, 1977b, 1982, Noordeloos 1980, 1992, Pegler 1983, Courtecuisse 1986, Hongo 1990, Baroni & Lodge 1998, Baroni & Halling 2000, Eyssartier et al. 2001, Manimohan et al. 2002, Natarajan & Ravindran 2003, Wartchow 2006, Noordeloos & Hausknecht 2007, Horak & Cheype 2008, Li et al. 2009, Noordeloos & Morozova 2010, Alves & Nascimento 2012, Largent et al. 2013a, He et al. 2015, Pradeep et al. 2016, Ediriweera et al. 2017; 'four-angled' where the four angles represent a rectangle in profile view (also called 'quadrate' or 'tetrahedral', Baker & Dale 1951, Hesler 1967, Horak 1976, 1977a, 1977b, 1982, Largent & Miller 1986, Largent 1994Halling & Mueller 2005, Largent et al. 2008, Aime et al. 2010, Anil Raj & Manimohan 2012, Pradeep et al. 2012, Coimbra et al. 2013, Largent et al. 2013a, 'cuboid-stellate' (Saccardo 1887, Coimbra et al. 2013, 'cuboid-cruciform' (Singer 1973, Horak & Desjardin 1993, 'quadrangular' (Saccardo 1891, Singer 1965, 'quadrate to rhomboidal' (Hesler 1967, Horak 1973, Eyssartier et al. 2001, 'twinnedtetrahedral' (Stevenson 1962, Horak 1973 and 'octahedral' (Murrill 1911). Thus, worldwide there are more than 120 species of the Entolomataceae described as having cuboid or cuboid-like basidiospores. ...
... The /Trichopilus clade includes a few species of Trichopilus, with all species in the clade having basidiospores with 5-6 angles in profile view and either tibiiform or lecithiform (ampulliform) cystidia (Largent 1994, Aime et al. 2010, Noordeloos & Gates 2012, Karstedt & Capelari 2017. ...
... Comments:-Here, we emphasize that Trichopilus appears to be a taxonomic group supported by phylogenetic analysis with four genes (in this study, excluding the species with 'Cuboid' basidiospores) and also previously with ITS sequences (Karstedt & Capelari 2017). Based on morphology, species with 5-6 angled basidiospores and either tibiiform or lecithiform (ampulliform) cystidia (Romagnesi & Gilles 1978, Largent 1994, Aime et al. 2010, Noordeloos & Gates 2012 phylogenetically cluster in this clade (Fig. 2-3), corresponding to the species placed in section Trichopilus (Noordeloos 1981). ...
The generic or subgeneric delimitation by morphology of the Entolomataceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is often based on the habit and external features of the basidiomata, the hyphal arrangement of the pileus surface and the shape of the basidiospores, which possess either bumps or undulate-pustules forming short ridges, or longitudinal ridges or are obviously angular with four to nine angles in profile view. Here, we examine the basidiospore shape of species in the /Entoloma clade described as cuboid to evaluate its importance in taxonomy using both phylogenetic and detailed analyses of the shape with Scanning Electron Microscopy. Our phylogenetic analyses support the placement of species with cuboid basidiospores into one of two clades. Based on this separation, two new subgenera of Entoloma are proposed: Cuboeccilia with an omphalinoid habit and fusoid cystidia and Cubospora which has a mycenoid to tricholomatoid habit and clavate, rarely fusoid cheilocystidia.
... A new Entoloma species from Guyana Largent, Rhodocybe Maire and Trichopilus (Romagn.) P.D.Orton (Largent et al., 2008;Aime et al., 2010;Henkel et al., 2010aHenkel et al., , 2010bHenkel et al., , 2014. However, only four species have currently been described in Entoloma s. str. ...
... & Co-David (Romagnesi, 1941) A.Koch has large, off-white basidiomata but differs from E. dicymbophilum in its naucorioid stature with adnate lamella attachment and strongly heterodiametric, 5-to 7-angled basidiospores (Largent et al., 2020). Among white Neotropical Alboleptonia species described from Guyana or Panama, all differ from Entoloma dicymbophilum in their slender, collybioid or clitocyboid statures and heterodiametric basidiospores (Henkel et al., 2010b;Reschke et al., 2022). Brazilian Entoloma species with isodiametric basidiospores similar to those of E. dicymbophilum differ in numerous other macro-and micromorphological features (Coimbra et al., 2013). ...
Entoloma dicymbophilum sp. nov. is described from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The species is unique within the genus in its combination of large, white, tricholomatoid basidiomata with isodiametric, angled basidiospores. A key to species of Entoloma s. str. from Guyana is provided.
... The taxa are divided into two clades based on the shape of basidiospores. The members with basidiospores angular in all faces are placed in Entoloma clade; while those with basidiospores angular only in polar view that have ornamentations in the form of longitudinal ridges or dominantly dispersed bumps are placed in Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade (Pegler 1977;Horak 1980Horak , 2008Noordeloos 1984;Singer 1986;Manimohan et al. 1995Manimohan et al. , 2006Baroni & Halling 2000;Gates & Noordeloos 2007;Co-David et al. 2009;Henkel et al. 2010; Baroni & Matheny 2011;Noordeloos & Gates 2012;He et al. 2013;Kluting et al. 2014;Morozova et al. 2014;Karstedt & Capelari 2015Noordeloos et al. 2018;Karstedt et al. 2019;Brandrud et al. 2020;Sulzbacher et al. 2020;Dima et al. 2021;Noordeloos et al. 2021). ...
A new species, Entoloma khushabense, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular evidence from Pakistan. The key features of the new species that make it distinct from closely related taxa include the presence of conspicuous cheilocystidia and caulocystidia, and hyphae having constrictions in the walls. Morphological data and phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large sub-unit (LSU) regions of nuclear rDNA support that the present species differs from previously known members of Entoloma.
... Entoloma P. Kumm. is a very species-rich genus encompassing about 1500-2000 species Gates 2012, Morozova et al. 2014) distributed worldwide from equator to polar regions (Romagnesi 1941, 1956, Horak 1980, 1982, Baroni 1990, Noordeloos 1992, 2004, Largent 1994, Baroni and Halling 2000, Baroni and Ortiz 2002, Henkel et al. 2010, Karstedt and Capellari 2010, He et al. 2012, Noordeloos and Gates 2012, Morozova et al. 2014, Montañez et al. 2016, Kondo et al. 2017. Recent multigene phylogenetic studies have indicated that the genus is monophyletic and sister to the genera Clitopilus and Rhodocybe (Moncalvo et al. 2002, Matheny et al. 2006, Co-David et al. 2009, Baroni and Matheny 2011. ...
In the present study, four interesting Entoloma species collected from
Aegean and Black Sea Regions of Turkey have been analysed
morphologically and molecularly (nrITS). Entoloma mougeotii var. mougeotii and E. queletii are reported for the first time from Turkey. In addition, the nrITS sequences of Entoloma conferendum var. conferendum and E. undatum are obtained for the first time as far as this country is concerned.
... Coetzee & al., 2018) Armillaria Gastropila, Langermannia (Revriev & Assyov, 2012) Calvatia (E. Larsson & Jeppson, 2008) Alboleptonia (Henkel & al., 2011), Entocybe (Noordeloos & al., 2017), Inocephalus (Karstedt & Capelari, 2013), Leptonia (Largent & al., 2016), Nolanea (Henkel & al., 2014), Pouzarella (Largent & Bergemann, 2015), Trichopilus (Coimbra & Gibertoni, 2015) Entoloma ( Lycoperdon (E. Larsson & Jeppson, 2008;Bates & al., 2009;Gube, 2009) Dactylosporina (Ushijima & al., 2015), Hymenopellis (Park & al., 2017), Mucidula (Petersen & Hughes, 2010), Ponticulomyces (Park & al., 2017), Protoxerula (Petersen & Hughes, 2010) Oudemansiella (Hao & al., 2016) Copelandia (Wartchow & al., 2010), Panaeolina (Tóth & al., 2013) Panaeolus (Ediriweera & al., 2015) Plicaturopsis (Dentinger & al., 2015) Plicatura (Henrici, 2018) Artolenzites ( ...
Agarics (gilled mushrooms) and the order Agaricales include some of the best‐known and most charismatic fungi. However, neither group has had its constituent genera exhaustively compiled in a modern phylogenetic context. To provide that framework, we identified and analyzed 1383 names of genera of agarics (regardless of taxonomic placement) and the Agaricales (regardless of morphology), compiling various data for each name. Including 590 accepted names, the other 793 listed with reasons explaining their disuse, this compendium is intended to be comprehensive at present and phylogenetically up‐to‐date. Data we gathered included type species, continents from which type species were described, accepted synonyms of those species, current family placements, gross macromorphological categories, and sequenced loci (for type specimens, type species, and each genus as a whole). Index Fungorum provided a basis for the data, but much was manually confirmed, augmented, or corrected based on recent literature. Among accepted gilled genera, 82% belonged to the Agaricales; among accepted genera of Agaricales, 67% were gilled. Based on automated searches of GenBank and MycoCosm, 7% of generic names had DNA sequences of their type specimens, 68% had sequences of their type species, and 87% had sequences representing their genus. This leaves an estimated 103 accepted genera entirely lacking molecular data. Some subsets of genera have been sequenced relatively thoroughly (e.g., nidularioid genera and genera described from Europe); others relatively poorly (e.g., cyphelloid genera and genera described from Africa and tropical Asia). We also list nomenclaturally threatened and taxonomically doubtful genus and family names.
... The huge genus Entoloma sensu lato (Basidiomycetes, Tricholomatinae) contains at least 2000 species worldwide (Romagnesi 1941;Romagnesi & Gilles 1979;Horak 1980Horak , 1982Horak , 2008Noordeloos 1992Noordeloos , 2004Largent 1994; Baroni & Halling 2000;Baroni & Ortiz 2002;Henkel et al. 2011;Karstedt et al. 2007; Karstedt & Capelari 2010He et al. 2013;Noordeloos & Gates 2012;Morozova et al. 2014). Traditionally it is considered one genus with around 15 subgenera, or split into smaller genera, that generally follow the subgenera in the first approach. ...
Entoloma aurorae-borealis is described as new to science and three rare or little known Entoloma species (E. borgenii, E. eminens, and E. serpens) from Norway are treated based on morphological and molecular evidences. In the ITS phylogeny presented here, all species belong to the Sinuatum clade, one of five well-supported lineages of subgenus Entoloma (= Rhodopolia & Nolanidea). Entoloma aurorae-borealis is only known from northern Norway, whereas E. eminens and E. serpens, apart from the here reported new records in Norway are known only from a few localities in Finland, and E. serpens also in NW Russia. Ento-loma borgenii is a widespread , though rarely recorded species from alpine sites in north Norway as well as the arctic (Greenland, Svalbard) and a few places in northern and eastern Finland. The two arctic-alpine species (E. aurorae-borealis and E. borgenii) are associated with Salix herbacea, E. serpens grows with Salix spp. and probably also with Betula and Populus in boreal-boreonemoral (-alpine) areas, and E. eminens in Norway is associated with Tilia and Corylus in a boreonemoral area. In Finland it is apparently associated with boreal deciduous trees. Full descriptions are given, as well as notes on the variability, ecology and geographic distribution of each species.
... Specifically, to the best of our knowledge, the aforementioned (see "Results" section) seven species have not been listed in the available checklists of the Italian macrofungi [15,17,40,41,43]. Worldwide check-listing studies stated that Alboleptonia sericella has been recorded in South America (e.g., in Brazil [44] and Guyana [45]), in the USA (in California [46]), and in Europe (e.g., in Germany [47] and Poland [48]). Information available on the geographical distribution of Clitocybe herbarum found in Cyprus island (Mediterranean basin) is limited [49]. ...
Three different broadleaf Mediterranean forests, each characterized by the dominance of Castanea sativa, Quercus cerris, and Fagus sylvatica, respectively, were intensively surveyed over 3 consecutive years to record a list of macrofungi. A total of 5,065 sporomata and 300 species (seven Ascomycota and 293 Basidiomycota) belonging to 18 orders, 59 families, and 117 genera were recorded. The ecology, community composition, and geographic distribution of the identified species are discussed and new records for Italy are also provided.
Cedar towering forests of Kumrat valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were visited to collect mushrooms during several fungal forays, which revealed two interesting and novel species from genus Entoloma, subgenus Cyanula , both are characterized by clamp-less hyphae and bluish-violaceous tinges on their pilei and stipes. Entoloma kumraticus is characterized by its bluish brown centrally depressed pileus, serrulate lamellar edge, bluish violet fibrillose stipe, dense clusters of cheilocystidia and presence of abundant greyish brown intracellular pigments in terminal cells of pileipellis and in few cheilocystidia. The key characters of Entoloma swatica are light brownish olive pileus with violet-blue finely fibrillose covering, translucently striated with radial stripes, blackish brown lamellar edge with clusters of cheilocystidia which are often septate and scaly, fibrillose slightly twisted violet blue stipe. Both new species are described and illustrated here, based on morphological and molecular evidence. E. kumraticus and E. swatica formed distinct phylogenetic lineages based on the sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and LSU gene regions.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
Sixteen new names and five new combinations in the genus Entoloma are proposed in order to enable the legitimate use of 21 specific epithets from genera Alboleptonia, Eccilia, Entoloma, Leptonia, Nolanea, and Rhodophyllus.
Four new species of Alboleptonia are de-scribed from Puerto Rico and new distribution re-cords for Alboleptonia are noted for Puerto Rico and St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Information from ex-amination of the type collections of Alboleptonia ari-poana, A. cyathiformis, and A. hyalodepas is discussed. Clarification of conflicting reports in the literature concerning the application of A. hyalodepas is pre-sented and a lectotype is designated. Two new com-binations are also made for Entoloma minutoalbum and E. talisporum. A key to the taxa of Alboleptonia occurring in and around the Caribbean region is also provided.
Leptonia sericella (Fr.) Barbier is proposed as the type of a new genus, Alboleptonia. Detailed descriptions of species and infraspecific taxa are provided, along with a key for their identification. To supplement classical macroscopic and microscopic observations, fresh carpophores were subjected to various macrochemical tests, and dried carpophores to simple paper chromatographic separation of 70%-ethanol-soluble compounds. Reactions to macrochemical tests and the presence of several uncommon Ehrlich-positive compounds in Alboleptonia, but not in other rhodophylloid fungi, add chemotaxonomic weight to the new genus.
The genera Inocybe and Astrosporina are recorded for the first time from New Zealand. Twenty-four new taxa of Agaricales are described, all of them forming ectotrophic mycorrhiza with either Nothofagus spp. (Fagaceae) or Leptospermum spp. (Myrtaceae). Type material is kept in PDD, isotypes in ZT.