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IP6 & Inositol in Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Abstract
Inositol and its phosphorylated form - inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) are naturally occurring carbohydrates, abundantly found in certain high-fiber diets, such as cereals and legumes. They, as well as other inositol phosphates with fewer phosphate groups (IP1-5) are contained in almost all mammalian cells, although in much smaller amounts, where they are important in regulating vital cellular functions. A striking anticancer action of IP6 was demonstrated in different experimental models. Although inositol possesses a modest anticancer activity, the most consistent and best anticancer results were obtained from the combination of Inositol + IP6. In addition to reducing cell proliferation, IP6 increases differentiation of malignant cells, often resulting in reversion to normal phenotype with decreasing production of tumor markers such as CEA, PSAP, and AFP. Exogenously administered IP6 is rapidly taken into the cells and dephosphorylated to lower inositol phosphates, which further affect signal transduction pathways resulting in cell cycle arrest. Enhanced immunity and antioxidant properties also contribute to tumor cell destruction. Because it is abundantly present in regular diet, efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and safe, Inositol + IP6 holds great promise in our strategies for both prevention and therapy of cancer. Inositol + IP6 enhances the anticancer effect of conventional chemotherapy, controls cancer metastases, and improves the quality of life, as shown in pilot clinical studies. Emerging clinical and rather vast amount of laboratory data accumulated so far strongly suggest its role either as an adjuvant or as an "alternative" to current chemotherapy for cancer. In addition to cancer, Inositol + IP6 has great potential in prevention of kidney stones, diabetic complications and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, ailments that afflict people throughout the world.
... [39] Phytic acid is ubiquitous in eukaryotic species [40] and lower amounts of myo-inositol with fewer phosphate groups (IP1-5) are relevant for regulating vital cellular functions such as cell division, cellular differentiation, exocytosis, and endocytosis. [41] Phytic acid constitutes 1% to 5% (w w −1 , dry weight basis) from most oilseeds, legumes, cereals, nuts, and pollen [4] and it represents from 50% to 80% of total phosphorus level in seeds. [5] Phosphorus accumulation in developing seeds is higher than that needed for nominal cellular functions. ...
... [5] However, a low nutritional impact of phytic acid inhibitory effect has been suggested in well-balanced diets, whereas the opposite is observed mainly in poor trace element diets with simultaneously high phytic acid intake. [39,41,75] In this way, the high content of phytic acid present in the diet of the Asian population, which is basically composed of cereals, may be one of the causes of malnutrition in these people. [75] However, it should be mentioned that different strategies may be put in place to reduce the antinutritional effects of phytic acid, such as cooking, fermentation, germination and more recently proposed, the use of enzymatic approaches such as the addition of phytases, including those from microbial sources. ...
Phytic acid (PA), extracted from oilseeds, legumes, cereals, nuts, and pollen by acid solutions under heating and/or stirring and then purified, has shown beneficial health and physiological effects due to its pronounced antioxidant activity and ability to chelate Fe³⁺ ions. Publications on PA have increased, especially the ones reporting its effect on disease prevention and treatment. Moreover, recent studies have suggested the PA efficacy as a foodborne pathogens inhibitor. Therefore, due to its countless proven properties, phytic acid has gained greater attention than its common classification as just an antinutrient. Past and current studies have been reviewed to provide an overview on PA structure, sources, biosynthesis, extraction, purification, and applications.
... Inositol and phytic acid are water-soluble ingredients like GABA [37][38][39]. Magnesium, calcium, and other trace elements are also present in this fraction. In 2008, Maeba et al. [40] gave inositol orally to obese people for two weeks and observed improvement in waist circumference, high-sensitivity CRP, and fasting blood glucose level. ...
In many countries, rice contributes to better health by supplying dietary energy, proteins, fat, and various micronutrients. Many different rice species are cultivated in Japan and other rice-producing countries, in which we expect some varieties to prevent many diseases. In particular, the health effects of brown rice are apparent. In particular, rice bran ingredients accumulated evidence about their physiological and pharmacological activity. The Japanese diet has become a world heritage and famous worldwide, but knowledge about the benefits of rice eating is limited. Here, we would like to focus on the benefits of eating brown rice and recently developed low-protein fermented brown rice (LPFG) to improve the gut-kidney axis’s negative spiral in kidney disease patients. Other potential benefits of brown rice are the suppression of dementia and celiac disease. The category of “medical rice” represents the health effects of rice eating.
... Further research has revealed that phytate possesses many therapeutic benefits, including anticancer activity, hypolipidemic activity, antiplatelet activity, and therapeutic activity for diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer, and HIV (Otake et al. 1999;Vucenik, Podczasy and Shamsuddin 1999;Lee et al. 2006;Anekonda et al. 2011;Kang et al. 2012). In particular, significant PA anticancer activity has been reported in numerous types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, and prostate (Shamsuddin 2002;Tantivejkul et al. 2003;Vucenik and Shamsuddin 2003;Vucenik et al. 2004;Shamsuddin and Vucenik 2005;Vucenik and Shamsuddin 2006;Shafie et al. 2013). ...
Phytic acid (PA) is a new type of naturally occurring pharmaceutical for afflictions such as cancer, diabetes, and renal calculi. The efficient, low-cost extraction of PA from biowaste is much sought after. Herein, highly pure PA was obtained from rice bran by adsorption at low pH onto porous chitosan nanofiber hydrogels. Due to the large surface area of the chitosan nanofiber-based porous hydrogels, the adsorption equilibrated within 60 min. Adsorption of PA was influenced by the buffer pH, temperature, and the ratio of chitosan in the hydrogel. PA was recovered by soaking the hydrogel in alkaline solution. After concentrating the solution and washing the residue with ethanol, highly pure sodium phytate was obtained with 32.2%-38.7% yield, as confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and high-performance liquid chromatography. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the recovery of pure PA in high yield without using toxic solvents.
... However, IP 4 appeared to be a predominant metabolite of IP 6 , which possibly might have important role in its anticancer activity [35]. Shamsuddin and Vucenik [36] cited that IP 6 also was used to enhance the anti-proliferative effects of tamoxifen and adriamycin to MCF-7 cells line. ...
Phytate or myo-inositol hexakisphosphates (IP6) is widely distributed in plants like rice brans. The production of myo-inositol phosphate intermediates has received much attention due to the remarkable potential health benefits offered by the compounds. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the partially purified myo-inositol phosphate fractions and commercial IP1 and IP6 were investigated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The study showed that the commercial standard IP1 and IP6 showed good inhibition towards the MCF-7 cell line. The MCF-7 cells growth was inhibited in minimum concentration of myo-inositol phosphates (
... InsP 6 accounts for an average of 88% of the total inositol phosphates in black beans (Morris & Hill, 1996). Inositol hexaphosphate is important in the cell-signaling process and may be involved in induction of cell differentiation, apoptosis, chromatin remodeling, anticarcinogenic action, and other biological effects (Shamsuddin & Vucenik, 2005). ...
... Inositol and phytic acid are water-soluble ingredients like GABA. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Magnesium, calcium and other trace elements are Gamma-Oryzanol being bound to a molecule known as Ferulic Acid; so it is essentially a term used to refer to a collection of ferulated sterols. Major g-oryzanol has 4 types; two are triterpene alcohol ester and the other two are sterol esters. ...
Some ingredients present in the wheat kernel reckoned as anti-nutrients because that their intake commonly decreases the digestibility of the mineral uptake. However, These compounds exert some important beneficial features.
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) represents a major public health issue due to its high incidence and mortality. As different histological subtypes of COAD are related to various survival outcomes and different therapies, finding specific targets and treatments for different subtypes is one of the major demands of individual disease therapy. Interestingly, as these different subtypes show distinct metabolic profiles, it may be possible to find specific targets related to histological typing by targeting COAD metabolism. In this study, the differential expression patterns of metabolism-related genes between COAD ( n = 289) and adjacent normal tissue ( n = 41) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. We then used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to further identify metabolism-related gene connections. To determine the critical genes related to COAD metabolism, we obtained 2,114 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12 modules. Among them, we found the hub module to be significantly associated with histological typing, including non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma and mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma. Combining survival analysis, we identified glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1) as the most significant gene associated with histological typing and prognosis. This gene displayed significantly lower expression in COAD compared with normal tissues and was significantly correlated with the prognosis of non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma ( p = 0.0017). Taken together, our study showed that GDE1 exhibits considerable potential as a novel therapeutic target for non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma.
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