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Notes on the lichen genus Bacidia s.l. (lichenized Ascomycota) in the Cape Verde Islands and new lichen records for the archipelago

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Abstract

Five species belonging in Bacidia s. l. are newly reported from Cape Verde Islands and discussed. Four species belong to Bacidia: B. atlantica, B. polychroa, B. subincompta, and B. trichosperma; and one species to Bacidina: B. pallidocarnea. Four other species are also newly reported: Buellia dispersa, Cresponea flava, Fellhaneropsis vezdae, and Toninia submexicana. The new combination Bactrospora thyrsodes is proposed for Bacidia thyrsodes.
MYCOTAXON
 
Notes on the lichen genus Bacidia s.l.
(lichenized Ascomycota) in the Cape Verde Islands
and new lichen records for the archipelago



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             



         


Introduction


         


   
           

Material and methods




             



Results


    


Bacidia atlantica

        
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
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
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Bacidia subincompta

         

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     
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           
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
     
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

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Bacidia trichosperma
           

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         
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      
       
        
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 



Bacidina pallidocarnea





               
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
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
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Bactrospora thyrsodes
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           
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           
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           

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              
        



           


Buellia dispersa

  


             


Cresponea flava
         

         
      

          

       
            



Fellhaneropsis vezdae



            

           

Toninia submexicana 



           



Key to the species of Bacidia s. l. and allied species from Cape Verde




Bactrospora thyrsodes

Cresponea flava


 Fellhaneropsis vezdae




Bacidina pallidocarnea





Bacidia subincompta




Bacidia polychroa




 Bacidia atlantica


Bacidia trichosperma
Discussion
 

        
           
          

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... Many other additional species have been newly reported for the archipelago (e.g. Büdel & Mies 1993;Tehler et al. 2004;Llop & van den Boom 2009;Ertz & van den Boom 2020;Zhurbenko et al. 2020). ...
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Three new species of Arthoniales are described from Cape Verde: Ingaderia dendritica , with ascomata formed of richly branched-dendroid lirellae and containing erythrin; Sparria caboverdensis , with small stroma-like ascomata and ascospores with 3–7 transverse septa; and Syncesia miesii , with an I− thallus, a tomentose hymenial disc, and a chemistry with fatty acids only. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and RPB 2 sequences reveal the placement of Fulvophyton sorediatum , Llimonaea occulta , L. sorediata and Sparria caboverdensis in the family Opegraphaceae . The genus Llimonaea is recovered as paraphyletic, with L. flexuosa being placed as sister species to a lineage including the genera Ingaderia and Paraingaderia . In consequence, an enlarged concept of the genus Ingaderia is proposed, resulting in the transfer of F. sorediatum , L. flexuosa , L. occulta , L. sorediata and Paraingaderia placodioidea to Ingaderia .
... This species was previously known from Ascension Island and the Cape Verde archipelago (Llop & van den Boom 2009). This record from GuineaBissau supports the suggested tropical, mid-Atlantic distribution proposed by the authors, although it may have been overlooked elsewhere. ...
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Twenty lichen taxa are reported as new from Guinea-Bissau; one is new to continental Africa, seven are reported for the first time from western Africa and one is described here as new to science, namely Pertusaria guineabissauensis, which has eight hyaline, smooth-walled ascospore per ascus and contains stictic acid.
... It is sterile but it can be easily distinguished by round light-brownish sitting pycnidia which strongly elongate later and contain pycnoconidia up to 50 μm long. F. vezdae is known from Europe (Estonia, Lithuania, Czech Republic , Austria, Sweden, Great Britain, Madeira, Cape Verde Islands), Northern and Southern America (USA and Brazil) (Coppins & James, 1978; Arup & Ekman, 1991; Poelt, 1994; Tønsberg, 1997; Motiejūnaitė, 1999; Palice, 1999; Lücking & Kalb, 2000; Suija et al., 2005; Llop & van den Boom, 2009). This species is known as a single specimen occasionally collected with another lichen – Leptogium rivulare. ...
... It is sterile but it can be easily distinguished by round light-brownish sitting pycnidia which strongly elongate later and contain pycnoconidia up to 50 μm long. F. vezdae is known from Europe (Estonia, Lithuania, Czech Republic , Austria, Sweden, Great Britain, Madeira, Cape Verde Islands), Northern and Southern America (USA and Brazil) (Coppins & James, 1978; Arup & Ekman, 1991; Poelt, 1994; Tønsberg, 1997; Motiejūnaitė, 1999; Palice, 1999; Lücking & Kalb, 2000; Suija et al., 2005; Llop & van den Boom, 2009). This species is known as a single specimen occasionally collected with another lichen – Leptogium rivulare. ...
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Twelve species of lichenized ascomycetes are reported from the Middle Urals, in the limits of Sverdlovsk Region. Anema nummularium and Fellhaneropsis vezdae are new to Russia. Collema dichotomum, Epiphloea byssina and Lemmopsis arnoldiana are new to the Urals; seven species are new to the Middle Urals. Most of the reported lichens are known from one locality only, some of them are regarded as vulnerable.
... (Lecanoromycetes, lichenized Ascomycota ) have a long tradition. Despite some recent studies, including classical taxonomic treatments and revisions (Ekman 1996Ekman , 2004 Dolnik 2005; Czarnota & Coppins 2007; Llop & Ekman 2007; Brand et al. 2009; Llop & van den Boom 2009) as well as a preliminary molecular phylogeny of Bacidiaceae (Ekman 2001), many problems remain unresolved. With the exception of the widely accepted genera Bilimbia and Mycobilimbia separated from the Bacidia s. lat., other related species with biatorine apothecia, transversely septate, acicular, bacilliform or fusiform ascospores, asci with a K/I+ dark blue apical dome with a pale, mostly conical apical cushion and more or less distinct ocular chamber were often included within this large genus (Coppins & Aptroot 2009 ). ...
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Bacidina flavoleprosa is described as a new species from the Czech Republic. Its position within the genus is supported by phylogenetic inferences of ITS rDNA sequences from its holotype and many other representatives of Bacidia s. lat., including newly sequenced Bacidina sulphurella, B. adastra and B. neosquamulosa, as well as additional sequences of B. arnoldiana. ITS data also support the recent delimitation of B. arnoldiana and B. sulphurella based on the shape of conidia and ecological preferences.
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A catalog of the Japanese Roccellaceae was compiled, by summarizing the published literature and our own observations. Twelve genera and thirty-five species were listed in “A checklist of lichens and lichenallies of Japan” (Harada et al. 2004), but the number was reduced to nine genera and twenty-eight species in the present list by excluding some doubtful species. Most of the genera have not been intensively investigated in this country, thus future taxonomic studies will probably clarify the occurrence of many additional species. A brief description etc are provided for each genus, and the literature contributed to the Japanese flora and the distribution records are give to each species.
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An alphabetically arranged checklist of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of insular Laurimacaronesia (archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands) is presented. The list includes references to original sources of publication for every species except for those included in the checklist of Ta v a r e s (1952). A bibliography of lichenological publications containing references to species occuring in the area is added.
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The North American taxa Buellia retrovertens, B. blumeri, B. tucsonensis and B. cinereoglauca are synonymized with B. dispersa. The species was originally described from Europe where it occurs in the Mediterranean and the inner alpine dry valleys. In North America the species grows in arid to semi-arid environments of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. It is abundant in the Sonoran Desert Region. North American specimens are compared with specimens from France, Greece, Italy and Switzerland. The specimens show a very variable thallus morphology and three morphotypes can be recognized according to thallus growth, color and pruinosity. However, these morphotypes do not correlate with other characters. All specimens are characterized by the presence of atranorin, 2-O-methylperlatolic, +/- confluentic acid and rarely an unknown substance. The thalli have lecideine apothecia with a dispersa-type exciple. The hypothecium is dark reddish brown and extends into the inner exciple. During a brief phase of their ontogeny ascospores show a median thickening. A microrugulate ornamentation can be observed only during the last stages of spore development.
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This is a taxonomic revision of the corticolous and lignicolous taxa of the genera Bacldia and Bacidina (Lecanoraceae, Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycotina) in the continental United States and Canada. Twenty-seven species of Bacidia (one of which is divided into two subspecies) and twelve species of Bacidina are recognized. The morphology, secondary chemistry, ecology, and phytogeography of these spceies are discussed, and a key is provided. Apothecium pigmentation, thallus composition, presence of crystals in the proper exciple, hymenium height, thickness of paraphyses, spore shape and size, in Bacidina sometimes also conidial type and tholus structure, have proved to be the most important characters to distinguish betwcen species. Circumscriptions of Bacidia and Bacidina are attempted. Tholus structure, cell structure of the proper exciple, presence of goniocysts, presence of crystals in the thallus cortex, and size of conidiogenous cells are the most valuable characters in the delimitation of these genera. Nine new taxa are described: Bacidia diffracta, B. helicospora, B. salmonea, Bacidina aenea, Bn. californica, Bn. crystallifera, Bn. ramea, Bn, squamellosa, and Bn. varia. Twelve new combinations are introduced: Bacidia campalea, Bacidia laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis, Bacidina assulata, Bn. egenuloidea, Byssoloma meadii, Fellhanera floridana, Herteliana alaskensis, Lecania stigmatella, L, subfuscula, Pachyphiale gyalizella, Ropalospora phaeoplaca, and Ophioparma rubricosa. In addition to the newIy described species, 12 species of Bacidia and four species of Bacidina are correctly reported from the study area for the first time. The genera Psorella and Toniniopsis are reduced into synonymy with Bacidia.
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available online: http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/2006.htm
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