Content uploaded by David L. Largent
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by David L. Largent on Jan 20, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Saxicolous species of Claudopus (Agaricales, Entolomataceae) from Australia
Abstract
Claudopus rupestris, C. viscosus, and C. minutoincanus are described as new to science. All three species produce abundant, white basidiomata on the underside of granitic rocks and have a pileus that is sticky to the touch. Claudopus rupestris has unusual basidiospores, some of which are 4-angled. Claudopus viscosus and C. minutoincanus possess subcapitulate to capitulate pileocystidia and are morphologically similar to Entoloma jahnii of Europe.
... Claudopus Gillet is a genus in the Entolomataceae traditionally characterised by crepidotoid or pleurotoid basidiomata, with a stipe either absent or highly reduced and lateral, and more recently confirmed with phylogenetic studies also including taxa with stipe clearly eccentric or off centre (He et al. 2019a), with basidiospores distinctly salmon or pinkish-brown coloured in spore deposits and angular in all views under the microscope (Noordeloos 1981;Pegler 1983;Largent and Baroni 1988;Largent et al. 2011). Some authors consider Claudopus as a subgenus or a section within Entoloma P. Kumm. ...
... (Noordeloos 1981(Noordeloos , 1992(Noordeloos , 2004Moser 1983;Singer 1986;Manimohan et al. 2006;Kirk et al. 2008;Noordeloos and Gates 2012;Deng et al. 2015). Nevertheless, other mycologists treat Claudopus as an independent genus (Dennis 1970;Horak 1980Horak , 2008Pegler 1983;Largent and Baroni 1988;Largent et al. 2011) and recent phylogenetic studies appear to support this hypothesis. ...
... Even though He et al. (2019a) clearly show that Claudopus is a monophyletic group, and morphologically distinctive, they state in their abstract that they temporarily recognise Claudopus as a subgenus of Entoloma to avoid the issue of paraphylesis for Entoloma. Since Claudopus is characterised by a set of well-defined morphological features (Largent and Baroni 1988;Largent et al. 2011;He et al. 2019a) with phylogenetic relationships to other closely related members in Entoloma s.l. more thoroughly explored (He et al. 2019a) and showing strong support for Claudopus as a monophyletic group, we describe a distinctive new species here in the genus Claudopus. ...
The genus Claudopus (Entolomataceae) is characterised by its crepidotoid or pleurotoid basidiomata, a highly reduced and lateral or almost absent stipe, flesh-brown, salmon or pinkish-brown spore-print, and basidiospores that are distinctly angular in all views. Currently, ca. 20 species of Claudopus have been described worldwide. Some samples collected in the Argentinean Atlantic Forest have shown a set of characters that does not match with any of the species of Claudopus described until date. The aim of this work is to describe and illustrate a species of Claudopus new to science. Claudopus niger is distinguished from other species of Claudopus by its dark, almost black pileus surface, pinkish brown to brownish gray, ventricose lamellae; heterodiametric basidiospores, 5–7 angled (in profile view) and 8.5–11.5 × 5.5–7.5 µm in size, and a hymenium lacking cystidia. Claudopus byssisedus, the most phenetically related species and with a wide distribution in temperate and cold regions, has a paler colour and slightly larger basidiospores.
... Based on Index of Fungi, the reference for about 70 species of "Claudopus" (both at subgeneric or generic level, including the rusticoides-group) were found in the pertinent literature. Substantial contributions were published, for example, by Dennis (1970), Esteve-Raventos and De La Cruz (1998), Horak (1980Horak ( , 2008, Largent (1976Largent ( , 1994, Largent et al. (2011), Manimohan et al. (2002Manimohan et al. ( , 2006, Noordeloos (1981Noordeloos ( , 1992Noordeloos ( , 2004, and Pegler (1983). Recently, two Chinese Claudopus species were added to the list (Deng et al. 2015;He et al. 2015). ...
... If necessary, the aligned sequences were manually modified employing BioEdit 7.0.9.0 (Hall 1999). Representative sequences, published in previous studies, focused on entolomatoid fungi and new sequences, generated in this study, were selected for the present molecular analyses (Co-David et al. 2009;Baroni and Matheny 2011;Largent et al. 2011;Kinoshita et al. 2012;Morgado et al. 2013;Morozova et al. 2014;Vila et al. 2014;He et al. 2015;Kokkonen 2015). The quality of these sequences was further accessed and those sequences in low quality were excluded in the present study. ...
... Numerous species of Claudopus recorded from SE-Asia and Australasia are characterised by white basidiomes, cf. Horak (1980), Manimohan et al. (2002), Noordeloos (2004), Largent et al. (2011) and Noordeloos and Gates (2012). The Chinese E. flabellatum closely resembles the following three taxa recently described from Australia viz. ...
Entoloma subgenus Claudopus is widely distributed, yet the taxonomy and systematics of its species are still poorly documented. In the present study, more than forty collections of Claudopus were gathered in China and subsequently analysed, based on morphological and molecular data. The results revealed first a high level of species diversity of Claudopus in China and second, there is a wide ecological range regarding the substrates and the habitats ranging from temperate, tropical to subalpine locations. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, five novel species from China are proposed, viz. E. conchatum , E. flabellatum , E. gregarium , E. pleurotoides and E. reductum . Molecular phylogeny of Entoloma s.l. was also reconstructed, based on 187 representatives of Entoloma s.l. by employing the combined ITS, LSU, mtSSU and RPB2 sequences. Ten monophyletic clades ( Claudopus , Leptonia , Nolanea , Cuboid-spored Inocephalus , “ Alboleptonia ”, Cyanula , Pouzarella , Rhodopolia , Prunuloides and Rusticoides ) were recovered, while 13 taxa could not be placed in any defined clades. The results confirmed that Claudopus in a traditional morphological sense is not monophyletic and the Rusticoides -group, previously considered within Claudopus , formed a separate clade; but section Claudopus and relatives of E. undatum belong to a distinctive monophyletic group. Despite some monophyletic groups in Entoloma s.l. being distinctive in both morphology and molecular phylogeny, they were still treated as subgenera of Entoloma s.l. temporarily, because accepting them as genera will make Entoloma s.l. paraphyletic.
... Several authors considered that the genus Entoloma is polyphyletic, and certain clades and morphological groups have been treated as separate genera (e.g. Aime et al. 2010, Baroni et al. 2011, 2014, Largent et al. 2011a, b, 2013a, b, Ovrebo and Baroni 2007. However, other authors stated that the genus is one species-rich entity with extensive infrageneric classifi cation (e.g. ...
The second part of the recently launched series includes miscellaneous new records from fungi to vascular plants. New chorological records of five taxa of fungi are provided here: two new for Hungary (Entoloma tjallingiorum and Mycoacia nothofagi), on (Hohenbuehelia mastrucata) new for the Vértes and Börzsöny Mts, additional records and confirmations for two taxa (Entoloma lampropus and Hohenbuehelia atrocoerulea) are also provided. New chorological records of three vascular plants are provided: one taxon (Draba muralis) new for the Tiszántúl region, two (Rubus armeniacus and Najas marina) new for the North Hungarian Mts.
... DNAs were extracted from silica-dried tissues according to Largent et al. (2011b). The nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (nrLSU) and the second largest subunit of the ribosomal RNA polymerase (RPB2) genes were PCR amplified following protocols described in prior publications (Largent et al. 2011a(Largent et al. ,b, 2013a. Partial mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA (mtSSU) sequences were obtained using two different primer combinations: either 1) with MS1 and MS2 following White et al. (1990) or 2) by modifying the MS1 and MS2 primers to increase the success of PCR amplification (MS1-RhoF2, 5' to 3' -gtc aat gct cgm aag agt gaa cta and MS2-RhoR1, 5′ to 3′ -aca tgc ttc act ycg ttt gct). ...
Leptonia subpanniculus, L. newlingii, L. sabulosa, and L. substricta are described as new species based on morphological and molecular characters. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological similarities are discussed for these and other closely related species.
Clitopiloides prati (from northeastern Queensland) and Trichopilus lecythiformis (from coastal New South Wales) are described as new entolomatoid species based on morphological characters. Morphological similarities are discussed for these and other closely related species. We also provide nuclear ribosomal RNA repeat (nrITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) sequences where obtained.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
The introductory part gives a general introduction to the book, illustrating how the book came into being, based on 14 years of intensive collecting on a year-round basis by Genevieve Gates and David Ratkowsky, and how Machiel Noordeloos became involved in the project. The second chapter gives an account of the current state of knowledge of the taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of Entolomataceae, a species-rich agaric family with more than 1,500 described species worldwide, and their position in the Tasmanian mycota. In the book, special attention is paid to modern species concepts, and the infrageneric classification is considered in the light of current phylogenetic knowledge. A large chapter is devoted to methods used to study the family, from collecting to describing and conserving, as well as microscopic techniques, to facilitate identification. A fully illustrated guide to the characters used and their character states facilitate the use of the keys and help in the understanding of the descriptions. The last chapter of the introductory part, co-authored by David Ratkowsky, deals with the ecology, distribution and phenology of the Entolomataceae. The forest types in which this family has been studied are described. A map of Tasmania is given, showing the predominant forest types and the sites at which species of Entolomataceae were found. The size of the symbol reflects the number of species of the family found at each site. A dataset of about 4,000 collections forms the basis of an analysis of the fruiting pattern of Entoloma species in Tasmania. Statistical methods have been applied in an attempt to reveal differences between the monthly fruiting patterns. As a result, five distinct groups could be distinguished. Another database, containing information from ca. 1,000 forays, enabled a comparison to be made among Entolomataceae, ectomycorrhizal macrofungi, and soil-borne saprobic agarics, using the total number of records for each month as a percentage of the annual total. The results indicate that species of Entoloma, of which the majority are supposedly non-ectomycorrhizal, have a different emergence pattern from that of other saprobic agarics. Full references to the cited literature are given.
Pouzarella alissae sp. nov. is known only from north coastal California. It is characterized by the evanescent silvery-white layer of fibrils and squamules initially covering the pileus and stipe surface, the dark greyish brown to dark brown innately fibrillose pileus and stipe, a pileipellis of entangled hyphae with cylindro-clavate terminal cells, a suprapellis with cytoplasmic pigments, a subpellis with encrusted pigments, heterogeneous lamellar edges, lageniform to rostrate-ventricose leptocystidia, cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia, abundant aborted basidia, and basidiospores averaging
Entoloma alpinum, discovered on alpine grassland in Sichuan Province of southwest China, is described as new based on morphological and molecular evidence. It is characterized by the pale colored and finely fibrillose pileus, well developed but always slightly eccentric stipe, 2-spored basidia, large and versiform basidiospores, and absence of cheilocystidia and clamp connections. Preliminary molecular phylogeny of E. alpinum and related species was carried out based on the sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions. Both morphological and molecular evidence confirmed that the new species is a member of Entoloma subgenus Claudopus.
Three new Inocephalus species with cuboid spores are described from central New South Wales and northern Queensland, Australia. Inocephalus plicatus is diagnosed by its yellow pileus becoming plicate-striate and yellowish orange when mature, pungent odor, bitter taste,
and pseudocystidia on all lamellar surfaces. Inocephalus hypipamee is differentiated by its brown umbonate pileus, white lamellae and stipe, obclavate cheilocystidia, subisodiametric basidiospores and clampless hyphae. Inocephalus parvisporus possesses small basidiospores and
a Leptonia-like stature.
Four new species of Alboleptonia are described from Puerto Rico and new distribution records for Alboleptonia are noted for Puerto Rico and St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Information from examination of the type collections of Alboleptonia aripoana, A. cyathiformis, and A. hyalodepas is discussed. Clarification of conflicting reports in the literature concerning the application of A. hyalodepas is presented and a lectotype is designated. Two new combinations are also made for Entoloma minutoalbum and E. talisporum. A key to the taxa of Alboleptonia occurring in and around the Caribbean region is also provided.
Revised, illustrated descriptions are provided for the species of Entolomataceae known to occur in India or Sri Lanka. A full synonymy is included and keys are provided to all taxa. Nolanea maderaspatana is described as new, and the following combinations are proposed: Alboleptonia stylophora, Leptonia elaphines, L. incongrua, L. iodnephes, Nolanea brunnea, N. cystopus, N. mazophora, Pluteus argilophyllus, Pouzaromyces lasius, P. myodermus, Rhodocybe retroflexa and R. subgilva.
