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Vulture retina enzyme distribution and function

January 1970
Neurobiology 2(4):162-168

January 1970
2(4):162-168

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Lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, DOPA-oxidase, thiamine pyrophosphatase and acid phosphatase have been localized histochemically in the vulture retina. The distribution of activity is studied in the various layers of this tissue and an attempt has been made to discuss the possible role of these enzymes at their site of localization.

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Disruptive Effects of Selected Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors on Cotton Leaf Worm Spodoptera littoralis...

March 2018 · AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES

Mohammed Elbokl

Spodoptera littoralis is one of the most devastating pests of cotton and other vegetables in Egypt as well as Mediterranean and middle east countries. Chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) are quite distinctive in their mode of action and potentially act on the target species. The susceptibility of laboratory 2nd&4th instar larvae of cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) to CSIs ... [Show full abstract] (Flufenoxuron, Chlorfluazuron and Triflumuron) was evaluated. The biochemical responses of S. littoralis larvae was detected using the lc50 of each compound. Flufenoxuron exhibited high level of toxicity with low LC50 value (0.069 ppm) followed by Chlorfluazuron (1.95 ppm) and then triflumuron (75.28) for the 2nd instar larvae while, the lc50 was (0.14 ppm) for flufenoxuron followed by 0.42 ppm for chlorfluazuron and then 1661.58 ppm for triflumuron with 4thinstar larvae. Second instar was more susceptible than the older ones except with chlorfluazuron the 4th instar more susceptible than the 2nd instar. Those CSIs exhibited variations of activities for each enzyme. Both of them increased the activity of AST (Aspartate Transaminase) on the contrary they decreased the activity of ALT (Alanine Transaminase). Flufenoxuron increased the activity of both alkaline phosphatase, alpha & beta esterases, chitinase and phenol oxidase, while it decreased the activity of acid phosphatase. Chlorfluazuron increased the activity of both alpha & beta esterases, chitinase and phenol oxidase, while it decreased the activity of both acid & alkaline phosphatases. Triflumuron increased the activity of both alpha esterase, acid phosphatase, chitinase and phenol oxidase, while it decreased the activity of both beta esterase and alkaline phosphatase. So, from this study, it can be concluded that the overall effects of CSIs use, including mortality and sublethal effects in insects, can facilitate the development of truly selective insecticides that can be employed in integrated pest management strategies.

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Phenol oxidase activity of the iris and the ciliary body in rats

March 1977 · Albrecht von Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology

Phenol oxidase activity of the iris and the ciliary body in normal young rats of three differently pigmented strains, Lewis (albino), E3 (light brown, hooded), and BDE (black, hooded), was studied using DL-Dopa. Applicability of the histochemical method was controlled with skin samples taken from the necks of the animals. In the pigmented strains, the appearance of newly formed pigment at the ... [Show full abstract] pigmented epithelium and stroma of the iris and ciliary body was observed. In the E3 animals, the reaction was slightly positive, while in the BDE rats it was more pronounced. No phenol oxidase activity was detected in the ocular structures of the albinotic rats.

[Further studies on modification of phenoloxidase by effectors]

February 1983 · Acta Histochemica

With the aid of the histochemical phenoloxidase (PO) assay, 12 substances were tested. On the one side they can act as substrates or as inhibitors of phenoloxidase and on the other side as immunogenic or immunosuppressive compounds. In particular the following substances were investigated: o-cresol, Levamisol, prednisolonebisuccinate, Bleocin, siliciumdioxide, 4-methylbrenzcatechol, +-catechine, ... [Show full abstract] thiomersal, D-penicillamine, hydrochinonemonomethylether, hydrochinonemonoethylether, and hydrochinonemonobenzylether. No changes in the phenoloxidase activity and in the morphological behaviour of the cells could be detected using Levamisol, prednisolonebisuccinate, siliciumdioxide, and Bleomycin, indicating an immunogenic stimulation or immunosuppressive effect. 4-methylbrenzcatechol is probably transformed into a soluble reaction product by phenoloxidase. It could not clearly demonstrated by the histochemical method, if this substance is used as a true substrate. +-catechine, thiomersal, and D-penicillamine cause strong to complete enzyme inhibition of the phenoloxidase containing cells (POC), which are located in the spleen and gut of the white rat. Hydrochinonemonoethylether, hydrochinonemethylether, and hydrochinonemonobenzylether cause an increased pigment fermentation, but they are not used as substrates for the PO.

[The occurrence of phenoloxidase containing cells (= POZ) during the embryonary development of the h...

February 1977 · Acta Histochemica

By means of the phenoloxidase reaction it would be shown that the POZ appear in haemopoetic cell islands of the yolk sac being hatched 6 days and being hatched 11 days, they appear in embryonary tissues. Favoured target organs are the spleen and the bone marrow, though also at the same time can be seen some cells in the connective tissue of the embryo. POZ can also be found in the bursa of ... [Show full abstract] FABRICIUS. The participation of the POZ in immunological reactions is supposed.

Vulture retina enzyme distribution and function

Abstract

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