The first diplobelid coleoid from the Cenomanian of south-eastern India

Abstract

A single breviconic phragmocone from an outcrop near Odiyam (Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, south-eastern India) has proofed to represent a previously unknown species of Conoteuthis, a well-known diplobelid genus from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. has been found in deposits that belong to the Cenom-anian Karai Formation. A morphological comparison has shown that Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. slightly differs from the type species Conoteuthis dupiniana from the Aptian of Europe through a slightly larger apical angle and septa that are lesser inclined. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. is the first unambiguous evidence of the Diplobelida in Upper Cretaceous rocks and the second diplobelid species from the southern hemisphere.

Full text

Ferrantia • 59 / 2010 51
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
The rst diplobelid coleoid from the Cenomanian
of south-eastern India
Dirk Fuchs
Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences
Branch Palaeontology, Malteserstr. 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany
drig@zedat.fu-berlin.de
Ajit Vartak
Department of Geology and Petroleum Technology
Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune 411001, India
vartakajit@yahoo.com
George Kendrick
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum
49 Kew Street, Welshpool 6106, Australia
and School of Earth and Geographical Sciences
The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
Mukund Ghare
Department of Geology and Petroleum Technology
Nowrosjee Wadia College, Pune 411001, India
vartakajit@yahoo.com
Abstract
A single breviconic phragmocone from an outcrop near
Odiyam (Ariyalur district, Tamil Nadu, south-eastern
India) has proofed to represent a previously unknown
species of Conoteuthis, a well-known diplobelid genus
from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe. Conoteuthis azizi n.
sp. has been found in deposits that belong to the Cenom-
anian Karai Formation. A morphological comparison has
shown that Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. slightly diers from
the type species Conoteuthis dupiniana from the Aptian of
Europe through a slightly larger apical angle and septa
that are lesser inclined. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. is the rst
unambiguous evidence of the Diplobelida in Upper
Cretaceous rocks and the second diplobelid species from
the southern hemisphere.
Keywords: Diplobelida, Conoteuthis, Cenomanian, Karai Formation, south-eastern India.

Ferrantia • 59 / 201052
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
Introduction
The Diplobelida is a small aberrant group of
belemnoid coleoids that is presently known from
the early Jurassic to the early Cretaceous. With one
exception in the southern Tethys, its distribution
seems to be restricted to the European Tethys.
Diplobelids resemble belemnoteuthids in having a
short, investment-like sheath around a longiconic
or breviconic phragmocone. However, characters
such as a remarkably narrow proostracum and
sutures with dorsal saddles clearly distinguish
diplobelids from belemnoteuthids.
Diplobelida is a highly interesting group, because
it might play a key role in the evolutionary history
of modern coleoids as various authorities regarded
it as the root stock of the Spirulida and the Sepiida.
Already d'Orbigny (1842) and Ziel (1868)
compared the shells of diplobelids with those of
Cenozoic sepiids and spirulids. Naef (1922: 94)
assumed that tertiary forms might have evolved
from Diplobelus-like belemnoids. Dauphin (1984)
derived shell ultrastructures of Belosepia and Sepia
from diplobelids and Hewi & Jagt (1999: 323)
concluded that "…separate origin of the Sepiida
and Spirulids within the Cretaceous diplobelid
belemnites is still the most aractive hypothesis,
until the case for pre-Aptian fossil record of
spirulids become overwhelming." Nevertheless,
this hypothesis is unpopular among other authors
(e.g. Jeletzky 1966, 1981; Doyle, Donovan & Nixon.
1994). Recently, Fuchs (2006: 29) did not want to
reject the "diplobelid pathway", but pointed out
its improbability because presumed "pre-Aptian
spirulids" are meanwhile known (Doguzhaeva,
Mapes & Mutvei 1999; Doguzhaeva 2000).
In the light of this debate, each record of a
diplobelid phragmocone appears worthwhile to
be published. It is therefore the aim of the present
article to describe the rst diplobelid from the
Cenomanian of south-eastern India.
Geological setting
The single phragmocone was collected by V. A. and
K. G. in 1989 from an outcrop 0.5 km west of the
village Odiyam (Odiyam: 11°13'00"N, 78°59'30"E;
c. 14 km northwest of Ariyalur, Ariyalur district,
Tamil Nadu; Fig. 1). The Ariyalur area is situated
in the western part of the so-called Cauvery Basin,
a well known fossiliferous area in south-eastern
India that exposes a continuous sequence ranging
from Lower Cretaceous to Recent deposits
(e.g. Sundaram et al. 2001). Lithologically, the
carbonate is the most dominant facies in the basin.
Blanford (1862) for the first time divided these
deposits into three distinct groups namely the
lower Uttattur, the Trichinopoly and the upper
Ariyalur group. Many workers later modified
this classification but the basic frame work of
this classification remained unchanged until
today. In the present work the authors followed
the latest stratigraphic classication proposed by
Sundaram et al. (2001). Accordingly, the Uaur
Group, from where the studied specimen comes
from, consists of four major formations, the
Terani, the Arogyapuram, the Dalmiapuram
and the uppermost Karai Formation (Fig. 2).
Sundaram et al. (2001) suggested a Late Albian to
Early Turonian age for the Karai Formation and
further subdivided the formation into two major
members, the Odiyam Member (argillaceous) and
the Kunnam Member (arenaceous). The specimen
described herein is from the Odiyam Member (in
contrast, Naea sp. described by Vartak, Fuchs &
Ghare in this volume originates from the slightly
younger Kunnam Member). The thickness of the
Odiyam Member is about 235 m and consists
of sandstone, shale, siltstone and gypsiferous
mudstone and some lenticular beds of coquinite.
The presence of Scaphites obliquus indicates an
Early to Middle Turonian age. Sundaram et al.
(2001) reconstructed open marine conditions of
deposition of the Karai Formation.
Systematic Palaeontology
Subclass COLEOIDEA Bather, 1888
Superorder BELEMNOIDEA Hya, 1884
Order DIPLOBELIDA Jeletzky, 1965
Family DIPLOBELIDAE Naef, 1926
Type genus: Diplobelus Naef, 1926
Genera included: Chondroteuthis Bode, 1933;
Quiricobelus Combémorel & Marioi, 1986;
Diplobelus Naef, 1926; Pavloviteuthis Shimansky,
1957; Tauriconites Kabanov, 1984 (see Drush-
tchits, Kabanov & Nerodenko, 1984); Chalalabelus
Jeletzky, 1981; Vectibelus Jeletzky, 1981; Conoteuthis
d'Orbigny, 1842;

Ferrantia • 59 / 2010 53
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
Fig. 1: Map of India with south-eastern India in inset (slightly modeed after Sunaram et al. 2001). The outcrop area
of the Karai Formation is highlighted in blue.

Ferrantia • 59 / 201054
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
Genus Conoteuthis d'Orbigny, 1842
Type species: Conoteuthis dupiniana d'Orbigny,
1842
Diagnosis (aer Jeletzky 1981: 122): "Diplobelidae
combining feebly to markedly but always
regularly endogastrically incurved phragmocone
with paper-thin, sheath-like guard, which
only thickens slightly in the proximity of the
protoconch; longitudinal mediodorsal keel of
the phragmocone begins in a close proximity of
shell's apex and extends to its oral end gradually
increasing in prominence oralward; this keel is
superimposed on the tops of dorsal saddles of the
suture lines which are broadly rounded initially
but become sharp-topped and angular further
adorally; the keel is also expressed on the guard's
surface where it is ornamented by a median
furrow and anking ridges."
Species included: Conoteuthis dupiniana d'Orbigny,
1842 from the Hauterivian – Lower Aptian of UK
and France and Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the
Cenomanian of Southeastern India.
Remarks: Conoteuthis woodwardi Spath, 1939 is
a valid taxon that is according to Spath (1939: 3)
based on a single "rapidly decomposing" specimen
(BMNH C.7849) of Albian age (see also Riegraf
et al. 1998), but a morphological comparison
is impossible as the specimen is nowadays
completely decomposed (pers. observation)
and Spath (1939: 3, g. 2d, e) gave only a poor
characterization of "Conoteuthis woodwardi".
Jeletzky (1981: 120) tentatively assigned the
Cenomanian Acanthoteuthis syriaca Roger, 1944
along with Conoteuthis. This act is somewhat
doubtful, because, the original specimen of Roger
(1944: pl. 2) shows only so parts, i.e. a calcied
phragmocone that would allow morphological
comparisons is not preserved in that specimen
(Engeser 1995, pers. observation).
Geographic and stratigraphic range: Hauterivian
of Speeton (UK), Lower Aptian of the Anglo-
Paris basin (Isle of Wight, Auxerre), Cenomanian
of South India, middle Turonian of Japan (see
Takahashi & Hayakawa 1999).
Conoteuthis azizi n. sp.
Derivation of name: In memory of the late Dr.
S. A. Aziz for his contribution in South Indian
Brachiopods and Echinoids.
Holotype: MACS G5153, deposited in the
Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune, India.
Type locality: Odiyam, northwest of Ariyalur,
Tamil Nadu district, south-eastern India
Type horizon: Uatur group, Karai Formation,
Odiyam Member (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)
Other localities: Known only from the type
locality.
Description: Phragmocone. The holotype preserves
a distinctly breviconic phragmocone of 9 mm
Fig. 2: Stratigraphic position of the Karai Formation.

Ferrantia • 59 / 2010 55
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
length (Fig. 3A-C). The phragmocone includes
8 chambers, which probably represent the most
anterior (youngest) chambers. Posterior (older)
chambers including the embryonic chamber
(protoconch) are missing. The maximum diameter
of the youngest preserved chamber is 9.5 mm
wide; that of the oldest 4.3 mm. The cross section is
slightly oval with a longer dorsoventral diameter.
The ratio chamber height/diameter of the smallest
preserved chamber is 0.3; the same ratio of the
largest preserved chamber is 0.15. The apical angle
is 36 in dorsoventral and 43° in lateral direction.
The venter is straight to slightly concave; the
dorsum is distinctly convex. The dorsum bears a
weakly elevated roof-shaped mid-dorsal keel with
a maximum width of 1 mm. The keel itself bears
two ridges. Chambers are lled with sediment.
The siphuncle is ventral (internal structures of the
siphuncular system are not visible).
Sheath and conotheca. A sheath (an investment-like
guard in other terminologies) that usually covers
the phragmocone from outside is whether absent
or (more likely) not preserved. Except in some
places, the chambers are enveloped by very thin,
Fig. 3: Holotype (specimen MACS G5153) of Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of Odiyam, south-
eastern India. A) Dorsal view. B) Ventral view. C) Left lateral view. D) right lateral view; note that a guard-like
sheath is not preserved why mural parts of the septa are visible through a whitish semi-transparent conotheca;
scale bar = 1 mm.

Ferrantia • 59 / 201056
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
whitish and semi-transparent layers (Fig. 3A-C,
Fig. 4A-D). These layers are here interpreted to
represent the phragmocone wall, the conotheca
(ultrastructural analyses will be subject to a
forthcoming study). Mural parts of the septa are
visible through the conotheca (a sheath would be
most likely non-transparent). Apart from weak
longitudinal ornamentations, forward bended
growth lines are visible on the outer surface of
the conotheca, but not on the internal mould
(steinkern).
The ventral conotheca bears a peculiar ssure (Fig.
4C). As the laer structure is not situated in the
mid-ventral axis, a preservational artifact can not
be excluded.
Proostracum. Although the phragmocone does
not preserve an anterior projection, the forward
projected growth increments visible on the
dorsolateral and dorsal surface clearly indicate
the existence of a remarkably narrow and pointed
proostracum (Fig. Fig. 4A, D, E). Dorsolaterally,
growth lines meet the lateral margins of the keel
in a smooth arch. The maximum width of the
proostracum coincides well with the lateral margins
of the mid-dorsal keel (Fig. 4B, E). The maximum
length of the proostracum must remain uncertain.
Septa and suture lines. Posterior septa appear to be
more or less straight; anterior septa, in contrast,
are distinctly inclined towards the aperture. Suture
lines show mid-dorsal saddles that are sharply
arcuated (Fig. 3). Lateral, ventrolateral or ventral
lobes are not present (Fig. 4C).
Comparisons: The new form can be easily distin-
guished from most presumed diplobelid genera
by their remarkably large apical angle. The phrag-
mocone of Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. is distinctly brevi-
conic compared to the more longiconic phragmo-
cones of early Jurassic Chondroteuthis wunnenbergi
Bode, 1933, late Jurassic Diplobelus belemnitoides
(Ziel, 1886); Quricobelus italicus Combémorel &
Marioi, 1986, Pavloviteuthis kapitzkei Engeser,
1995, early Cretaceous Pavloviteuthis cantiana
(Spath, 1939), Pavloviteuthis kabanovi Shimansky,
1957 and Tauriconites nikolai Kabanov, 1980.
In contrast to Conoteuthis azizi n. sp., Chalalabelus
renniei (Spath, 1939) is characterized by a well-
developed thick guard and a more incurved
phragmocone (Jeletzky 1981: text-g. 12).
At least the anterior part of the phragmocone
of Vectibelus vectensis (Spath, 1939) is similar
to Conoteuthis azizi n. sp., but diers from our
specimen in the lack of a pronounced mid-dorsal
keel and a larger apical angle.
According to the description given above, the
holotype of Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. performs
typical character as Jeletzky (1981: 11) required in
his diagnosis for the genus Conoteuthis.
Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. diers from Conoteuthis
dupiniana through a slightly larger apical
angle. Furthermore, septa are lesser inclined in
Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. than in Conoteuthis dupiniana
(compare d'Orbigny (1845: pl. 32); Jeletzky (1981:
pl. 21) and Muerlose (1984: Fig. 2)). Finally, lateral
lobes, ventrolateral saddles and ventral lobes as
described by Jeletzky (1981: 12) for Conoteuthis
dupiniana are absent in Conoteuthis azizi n. sp.
Discussion
Since "Conoteuthis" (Acanthoteuthis) syriaca i s
here considered to be not related to Conoteuthis,
Cenomanian Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. is the first
unambiguous evidence of the order Diplobelida
from the Upper Cretaceous. A presumed
Conoteuthis-like diplobelid from the middle
Turonian of Japan confirms the existence of
diplobelids during this period (Takahashi &
Hayakawa 1999). Furthermore, Conoteuthis azizi
n. sp. represents the first record of the genus
Conoteuthis and the second diplobelid species at
all from the southern hemisphere. So far, the only
diplobelid from the southern hemisphere was
Chalabelus renniei from the Aptian of Mozambique.
Mutterlose (1984) and Engeser (1995: 6, fig. 2)
discussed phylogenetic relationships among
diplobelids and both concluded that Conoteuthis
is closest to Vectibelus owing to the presence of
a mid-dorsal keel. Since Conoteuthis azizi n. sp.
revealed no new relevant characters, further
phylogenetic implications are hampered. New
characters with a high phylogenetical impact can
be expected only from ultrastructural analyses.
Nevertheless, the genus Conoteuthis seems to
show a remarkable morphological stability as
Hauterivian, Aptian and Cenomanian forms show
only very faint phragmocone modications.
Concerning the life habitat of Conoteuthis azizi
n. sp., the lithology of the Karai Formation
indicated an offshore, but shallow marine
paleoenvironment.

Ferrantia • 59 / 2010 57
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
Fig. 4: Details of Conoteuthis azizi n. sp.: A) Close-up of the dorsal phragmocone surface to show anteriorly
projecting growth lines that cross the lateral margins of the keel. B) Close-up of the mid-dorsal keel to show the
slight elevation with a pair of ridges on the top (dashed lines = lateral margins of the keel; dotted lines = pair of
slightly diverging ridges). C) Detail of the venter to show the peculiar ssure on the outer surface of the conotheca
(white layer), which do not represent the longitudinal axis. D) Dlose-up of the dorsolateral phragmocone surface
to show anteriorly projecting growth lines. E) Reconstruction of the growth lines indicates a pointed proostracum.
F) D'Orbignys reconstructions of Conoteuthis dupiniana to show enormous similarities in proostracum shape with
Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. (reproduction of D'Orbigny 1845: pl. 32).

Ferrantia • 59 / 201058
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
Acknowledgements
The sampling was part of the project "Revision
of the Cretaceous palaeontology of India", which
was initiated in 1968-69 under the guidance of the
late Professor G. W. Chiplonkar at Maharashtra
Association for the Cultivation of Science (MACS)
now Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), Pune.
The authors are thankful to the Director of the
Agharkar Research Institute Pune for giving access
to the facilities, Dr. R. M. Badve and Dr. Rajshekar,
Heads of the Palaeobiology Group of ARI and
Dr. M. A. Koregave, Head of the Department of
Geology and Petroleum Technology N. Wadia
College, Pune for their encouragement and
generous support for this study. Finally, we are
grateful to L. Doguzhaeva for her thorough review
of the manuscript. We are greatly obliged to Dr K.
Ayyasami, Director (Technical) of the Ministry of
Mines, Shastry Bhavan (New Delhi) for sharing his
extensive stratigraphic knowledge of the Cauvery
Basin and also thanks to Manjusha and Rohit for
their help in preparing the locality map.
References
Bather F. A. 1888. - Shell-growth in Cephalopoda
(Siphonopoda). Annals and Magazine of
Natural History 6 (1): 421-427.
Blanford H. F. 1862. - On the Cretaceous rocks and
other rocks of South India and Trichinopoly
districts, Madras. Memoirs of the Geological
Survey of India 4 (1): 1-217.
Bode A. 1933. - Chondroteuthis wunnenbergi
n.g. n.sp., eine neue Belemnoideenform, in
günstiger Erhaltung. Sonderabdru aus dem
25. Jahresberit des Niedersäsisen geolo-
gisen Vereins zu Hannover (Geologise
Abteilung der Naturhistorisen Gesellsa
zu Hannover) 25: 33-66.
Combémorel R. & Marioi N. 1986. - Les belem-
nites de la carrière de Serra San Quirico
(Province D'Ancona, Appenin Central, Italie)
et la paleobiogeographie des bélemnites de
la Tethys méditerranéenne au Tithonique
inférieur. Geobios 19 (3): 299-321.
Dauphin Y. 1984. - Microstructures des Céphalo-
podes. IV: Le rostre de Belosepia (Dibranchiata).
Paläontologische Zeitschrien 58: 99-117.
Doguzhaeva L. A. 2000. - A rare coleoid mollusc
from the upper Jurassic of central Russia. Acta
Paleontologica Polonica 45: 389-406.
Doguzhaeva L. A., Mapes R. H. & Mutvei H. 1999.
- A late Carboniferous spirulid Coleoid from
the southern mid-continent (USA): 47-57, in
Oloriz F. & Rodriguez F. J. (eds), Advancing
research on living and fossil cephalopods,
Kluwer Academic Press, New York.
Doyle P., Donovan D. T., & Nixon M. 1994. -
Phylogeny and systematics of the Coleoida.
Paleontological contributions, University of
Kansas 5: 1-15.
Drushtchits V. V., Kabanov G. K., & Nerodenko V.
M. 1984. - Structure of the Phragmocone and
Rostrum in Tauriconites gen. nov. (Coleoidea,
Diplobelidae). Paleontological Journal (Trans-
lation of the Paleontologicheskiy Zhurnal) 1:
12-18.
Engeser T. 1995. - Eine neue Art der Gaung Pavlo-
viteuthis SHIMANSKY 1957 (Belemnoidea,
Diblobelida) aus dem Oberkimmeridgium
von Süddeutsland. Stugarter Beiträge zur
Naturkunde, Ser. B 225: 1-11.
Fus D. 2006. - Fossil erhaltungsfähige Merkmals-
komplexe der Coleoidea (Cephalopoda) und
ihre phylogenetise Bedeutung. Berliner
Paläobiologise Abhandlungen 8: 1-115.
Hewi R. A. & Jagt J. W. M. 1999. - Maastrichtian
Ceratisepia and Mesozoic culebone homeo-
morphs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 44 (3):
305-326.
Hya A. 1884. - Genera of fossil cephalopods.
Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural
History 22: 253-338.
Jeletzky J. A. 1965. - Taxonomy and Phylogeny of
fossil Coleoidea (=Dibranchiata). Geological
Survey of Canada Papers 65-2, 42: 76-78.
Jeletzky J. A. 1966. - Comparative morphology,
phylogeny and classication of fossil Coleoidea.
- Paleontological contributions, University of
Kansas Mollusca 7: 1-166.
Jeletzky J. A. 1981. - Lower Cretaceous Diplo-
belinid Belemnites from the Anglo-Paris Basin.
Palaeontology 24 (1): 115-145.
Muerlose J. 1984. - Belemnites of the Suborder
Diplobelina from the Hauterivian (Lower

Ferrantia • 59 / 2010 59
D.Fuchs et al. Conoteuthis azizi n. sp. from the Cenomanian of India
Cretaceous) of Speeton (Yorkshire, England).
Proceedings of the Geologists Association 95
(2): 181-184.
Naef A. 1926. - Nomenklatorise Notiz betreend
die Gaung 'Diploconus' Ziel, 1868. Publica-
zioni di Stazione Zoolologice di Napoli 7: 4.
D'Orbigny A. D. D'. 1842. - Mémoire sur deux
genres nouveux céphalopodes fossiles
(les Conoteuthis et Spirulirostra) orant des
passages, d'un côte entre la spirule et la seiche,
de l'autre des bélemnites et les Ommastrephes.
Annales de la Societe des Science Naturelles (2.
Zoologie) 17: 362-379.
D'Orbigny A. D. +D'. 1845. - Mollusques vivants et
fossiles. Paris, pp. 605.
Riegraf, W., Janssen, N., & Smi-Riegraf, C. 1998.
- Fossilium Catalogus. I: Animalia. Leiden, 519 p.
Roemer F. 1890. - Plagioteuthis, eine neue Gaung
dibraniater Cephalopoden aus dem Russi-
sen Jura. Zeitsri der deutsen geologi-
sen Gesellsa 42: 360-363.
Roger J. 1944. - Acanthoteuthis (Belemnoteuthis)
syriaca n. sp. cephalopod Dibranche du Crétacé
supérieur de Syrie. Bulletin de la Société geolo-
gique de France, 5. Ser. 14: 3-10.
Römer F. 1890. - Plagioteuthis, eine neue Gaung
dibraniater Cephalopoden aus dem russi-
sen Jura. Zeitsri der deutsen geologi-
sen Gesellsa XLII: 360-363.
Shimansky V. n. 1957. - Novyi rod melovykh tsefa-
lopod (New genus of Cretaceous cephalopods).
Materialy po Osnovam Paleontologii Akademi
Nauk, SSSR, Paleont. Inst. 1: 43-44.
Spath L. F. 1939. - On a new belemnoid
(Conoteuthis renniei) from the Aptian of the
Colony of Moçambique. Boletim dos Servicos
de Industria, Minas e Geologia 2: 1-3.
Sundaram R., Henderson R. A., Ayyasami K. &
Stilwell J. D. 2001. - Lithostratigraphic revision
and palaeoenvironmental assessment of the
Cretaceous System exposed in the onshore
Cauvery Basin, southern India. Cretaceous
Resear 22: 743-762.
Takahashi T. & Hayakawa H. 1999. - Unknown
coleoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Tappu,
Hokkaido. Bulletin of the Mikasa City Museum,
Natural Science 3: 61-65.
Ziel K. A. 1868. - Diploconus, ein neuer Genus aus
der Familie der Belemnitiden. Neues Jahrbu
für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie
1868: 548-552.

Ferrantia • 59 / 201060