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Erysiphe elevata (syn. Microsphaera elevata), a new North American powdery mildew fungus in Europe infecting Catalpa bignonioides trees

Authors:
L. Vajna
L. Vajna
L. Vajna
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G. Fischl
G. Fischl
G. Fischl
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Levente Kiss at University of Southern Queensland 
Levente Kiss
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Plant Pathology
(2004)
53
, 244 Doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00979.x
244
© 2004 BSPP
Blackwell Publishing, Ltd.
NEW DISEASE REPORT
Erysiphe elevata
(syn.
Microsphaera elevata
), a new North
American powdery mildew fungus in Europe infecting
Catalpa bignonioides
trees
L. Vajna
a
, G. Fischl
b
and L. Kiss
a
*
a
Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 102, H-1525 Budapest; and
b
University of Veszprém, Georgikon
Faculty of Agriculture, H-8360 Keszthely, Deák Ferenc Street 57, Hungary
Since September 2002,
Catalpa bignonioides
trees heavily
infected with powdery mildew have been observed in five
localities in Hungary. Infections appeared and spread
rapidly on both young and older
Catalpa
trees planted as
ornamentals in parks and along the streets. White mycelia
principally covered the upper surfaces of the broad
Catalpa
leaves but were also found on the lower surfaces.
Both young and older leaves were infected. Sporulating
powdery mildew colonies were also found on the fruits.
Conidia were produced singly on the conidiophores and
measured 22–35
×
8–15
µ
m. Appressoria were simple
or lobed, opposite or spread along the hyphae. Ascomata
were produced in abundance on some leaves, mostly on
the upper leaf surfaces. These measured 96–128
µ
m in
diameter and bore five to nine 115– 420-
µ
m-long append-
ages. The appendages terminated in dichotomously
branched, knob-like or slightly recurved tips. The ascomata
contained four to seven stalked or sessile asci. Based
on these characteristics, the pathogen was identified as
Erysiphe elevata
(syn.
Microsphaera elevata
). It clearly
differed from
E. catalpae
, a species described from Armenia
(Simonian, 1984) and also reported from some European
countries (Braun, 1995). Pathogenicity was confirmed in
a test conducted as described in Szentiványi
et al
. (2004)
for snowberry powdery mildew.
Erysiphe elevata
is a
common powdery mildew species infecting
Catalpa
spp.
trees in North America (Braun, 1987), but its occurrence
has not been reported outside the USA and Canada to date.
To our knowledge, this is the first report of
E. elevata
in
Europe, suggesting that this North American species has
increased its area of distribution only recently. Herbarium
specimens have been deposited in the herbarium of Martin
Luther University, Halle, Germany (HAL).
Acknowledgements
This work is a part of a study supported by three grants
(OTKA F32931, OTKA T042-494 and NKFP 4/ 008/ 2001)
and by a János Bolyai Research Fellowship (LK).
References
Braun U, 1987. A monograph of the Erysiphales (powdery
mildews).
Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia
89
, 1–700.
Braun U, 1995.
The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of
Europe.
Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
Simonian SA, 1984. Changes in the nomenclature of some
powdery mildew fungi. [In Russian.]
Mikologia I
Fitopatologia
18
, 463–6.
Szentiványi O, Varga K, Kiss L, 2004. Powdery mildew on
snowberry in Hungary caused by
Erysiphe symphoricarpi
(syn.
Microsphaera symphoricarpi
).
Plant Pathology
53
,
243.
*E-mail: lkiss@nki.hu
Accepted 12 November 2003 at www.bspp.org.uk/ndr
where figures relating to this paper can be viewed.
... In Europe, C. bignonioides (Southern catalpa) was introduced for its ornamental value in the 18th century (Olsen and Kirkbride, 2017). E. elevata was reported for the first time in 2002 in Hungary (Vajna et al., 2004). Since then, this species has rapidly expanded its area to Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK (Braun and Cook, 2012), Slovenia (Milevoj, 2004), Ukraine (Heluta et al., 2009) and Romania (Fodor and Vlad, 2013). ...
... Even from the first reports on the presence of this fungus in Europe, is stated that trees in Hungary were heavily infected (Vajna et al., 2004), while the foliage of a mature tree in the UK was disfigured (Cook et al., 2006). In Korea, Cho et al. (2014) considered E. elevata to be a serious threat due to hundreds of Southern catalpa trees being found heavily damaged by this powdery mildew pathogen. ...
... Although E. elevata has been known in Europe since 2002 when it was reported in Hungary (Vajna et al., 2004), it was detected seven years later in Romania by Palovčíková et al. (2009), without being specified the locality or the host plant. Subsequently, additional data on its presence in Romania has been provided by Fodor and Vlad (2013), who found this species on C. bignonioides in two cities in the North-West of the country. ...
Distribution, Incidence and Severity of the Catalpa Powdery Mildew Caused by Erysiphe elevata in North-Eastern Romania
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Erysiphe elevata is a North American fungus that causes the powdery mildew of Catalpa species. The present study brings new data on the spread of this species in Romania, and given its invasiveness in Europe, the study evaluates the incidence and intensity of the powdery mildew caused to Catalpa bignonioides (Southern catalpa). In 2017, 12 North-Estern Romanian cities where C. bignonioides had been planted in green spaces were investigated. The results have shown that the pathogen is widespread in the North-Estern part of Romania, accompanying the host plant in all of the localities investigated. In addition, the high frequency of the disease, confirms the invasiveness of E. elevata, most affected being the trees that were planted along streets and in public squares. A specimen of E. elevata was sequenced and the BLAST results revealed that it is identical to samples from France and Korea.
View
... Microsphaera elevata Burrill), a well-known species in North America (Braun, 1987) that appeared recently in Europe and caused severe infections on Catalpa bignonioides trees in some European countries (Ale-Agha et al., 2004;Kiss, 2005) and Asia (Cho et al., 2014). The first report of the pathogen on Catalpa trees in Europe was from Hungary in 2002 (Vajna et al., 2004). Since then there have been several reports from different European countries: including the United Kingdom, Slovakia, Slovenia, Romania, the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Ukraine and Turkey (Ale-Agha et al., 2004;Cook et al., 2004;Milevoj, 2004;Pastirčakova et al., 2006;Heluta et al., 2009;Fodor and Vlad, 2013;Erper et al., 2018). ...
... Based on the morphological features of the fungus studied in our research, the pathogen was tentatively identified as Erysiphe elevata. Dimensions of conidia, chasmothecia, asci and ascospores also coincided with the observations of other authors (Braun, 1987;Ale-Agha et al., 2004;Cook et al., 2004;Vajna et al., 2004;Pastirčakova et al., 2006). Species identity was confirmed by molecular analysis of two representative isolates (IHPS-F46 and IHPS-F47), carried out using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region primers ITS1/ITS4 and ITS5/P3. ...
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he first record of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe elevata in Monte-negro is presented in this paper. The fungus was detected on leaves, fruits and flowers of Catalpa bignonioides, causing severe disease of some trees, and was identified on the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics. In pathogenicity tests, inocula-tion of leaves of healthy young plants of southern catalpa resulted in typical powdery mildew symptoms.
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... After 21 days, inoculated leaves exhibited powdery mildew symptoms (Fig. 4a,b) and the associated fungal structures observed were morphologically identical to those on the original infected leaves. E. elevata has been recorded to cause powdery mildew disease in Catalpa species across North America, Canada, Hungary, Germany, Slovakia and was also reported in the UK in 2003 (Braun, 1987;Ale-Agha et al., 2004;Vajna et al., 2004;Pastircakova et al., 2006). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of F I G U R E 3 Phylogeny of Erysiphe species based on the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat gene sequence using the neighbour-joining consensus method generated with Geneious v2021.2. ...
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... Наприклад, за останні десятиріччя з Америки до Європи потрапили Erysiphe elevata (Burrill) U. Braun & S.Takam. (Ale-Agha et al., 2004;Cook et al., 2004Cook et al., , 2006Millevoj, 2004;Vajna et al., 2004;Kiss, 2005;Pastirčáková et al., 2006;Heluta et al., 2009a), E. flexuosa (Peck) U. Braun & S.Takam. (Ale-Agha et al., 2000;Bolay, 2000;Zimmermannová-Pastirčáková et al., 2000;Piątek, 2002;Grigaliūnaitė et al., 2005), Golovinomyces greeneanus (U.Braun) Heluta (Heluta, Korytnianska, 2011), Podosphaera amelanchieris Maurizio (Braun, 2012;Kruse, 2014;Bresinsky, 2016;Heluta, Hirylovich, 2016;Kruse et al., 2020) та ін., зі Східної Азії -E. ...
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... Erysiphe cruciferarum x N, C 2 mustard, cabbage, bok choy, and turnip [146] Erysiphe diffusa x N 2 soybean and legumes [147,148] Erysiphe elevata x N 2 flowering trees [149,150] Golovinomyces Perenniporia luteola x U 5 decaying wood [189] Phlebiopsis sp. ...
Next-generation sequencing to investigate existing and new insect associations with phytopathogenic fungal propagules
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Changes in the nomenclature of some powdery mildew fungi
  • Jan 1984
  • 463
  • Simonian SA
Simonian SA, 1984. Changes in the nomenclature of some powdery mildew fungi. [In Russian.] Mikologia I Fitopatologia 18, 463 -6.