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1209
Accepted by C. Schaefer: 9 Mar. 2006; published: 22 May 2006 1
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 1209: 1–47 (2006)
www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
New Cixiidae from Eastern Polynesia: Oteana gen.nov. and
Manurevana gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
HANNELORE HOCH
Humboldt University, Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. E-mail: hanne-
lore.hoch@museum.hu-berlin.de
Table of contents
Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Material and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Taxonomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Oteana gen.nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Oteana euphranor (Fennah) comb nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Oteana iaorana sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Oteana tiare sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Oteana aorai sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Oteana mato sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Oteana ata sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Oteana moana sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Oteana pouvana sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Oteana eurynome (Fennah) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Oteana aimeho sp. nov.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Oteana omai sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Oteana temehani sp. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Oteana gemellar (Fennah) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Manurevana gen. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Manurevana draconarius (Fennah) comb. nov. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Concluding remarks and perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Abstract
Two new genera are established to accommodate the cixiid species from the Society, Austral and
Cook Islands formerly assigned to the genus Oliarus Stål: 1. Oteana gen.nov. with the type species
Oteana euphranor (Fennah) comb.nov. from Tahiti, Oteana eurynome (Fennah, 1958) comb. nov.
HOCH
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ZOOTAXA from Moorea, and Oteana gemellar (Fennah, 1958) comb. nov. from Rarotonga (Cook Islands);
additionally, ten new Oteana species are described from the Society Islands: Oteana iaorana sp.
nov., O. tiare sp. nov., O. aorai sp. nov., O. mato sp. nov., O. ata sp. nov., O. moana sp. nov., and O.
pouvana sp. nov., all from Tahiti, as well as O. aimeho sp. nov. from Moorea, O. omai sp. nov. from
Huahine, and O. temehani sp. nov. from Raiatea. 2. Manurevana gen. nov. with the type species
Manurevana draconarius (Fennah, 1958) comb. nov. Notes on their ecology and distribution are
given.
Key words: taxonomy, Pacific region, radiation
Introduction
Cixiidae of the tribe Pentastirini have colonized several Pacific island archipelagos. In
some cases colonizing lineages have given rise to a considerable number of species as a
result of rapid speciation and (adaptive) radiation, e.g., in the Hawaiian (91 species and
subspecies) and the Marquesas Islands (18 species) (Giffard 1925, Zimmermann 1948,
Fennah 1958, 1973, Hoch & Howarth 1999). Although roughly comparable with these in
age and ecological diversity (Craig et al. 2001), the Society, Austral, and Cook Islands
appeared to harbour a far lower number of cixiid species. Only 4 species were known:
Oliarus euphranor Fennah, 1958 from Tahiti, Oliarus eurynome Fennah, 1958 from
Moorea, Oliarus gemellar Fennah, 1958 from the Cook Islands: Rarotonga, and Oliarus
draconarius Fennah, 1958 from the Austral Islands: Rurutu (Fennah 1958).
All Pentastirini from the central Pacific islands were previously assigned to the (then)
worldwide distributed catch-all genus Oliarus Stål, 1862. Already in 1958, Fennah stated:
“As defined at present, it includes an easily recognized group of insects, but which is by no
means homogenous, and which falls into species-groups which are more or less distinct
from one another” (Fennah 1958: 123). Subsequently, various authors, e.g., Van Stalle
(1986 a-c), Emeljanov (2001a, b) erected several genera to better reflect this heterogeneity.
Many species, however, including most of the central Pacific island Pentastirini, remained
in Oliarus, with the exception of the Hawaiian species for which Holzinger et al. (2002)
resurrected Nesoliarus Kirkaldy, 1909.
In a recent publication (Hoch 2005) the genus Oliarus was re-defined based on the
examination of the type species, Oliarus walkeri (Stål, 1859).
Recent research in the field and the examination of existing collections revealed:
1. the pentastirine diversity at least in the Society Islands is far higher than previously
assumed: in addition to the 2 known species from the Society Islands, 10 new species are
described below: 7 from Tahiti, 1 from Moorea, 1 from Huahine, and 1 from Raiatea.
2. None of the species from the Society, Cook, and Austral Islands belong to Oliarus
s.str. Instead, they are representatives of two distinct morphological groups, neither of
which can be placed into any of the existing pentastirine genera.
Therefore, two new genera are established: Oteana gen. nov. to accommodate the
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species from the Society and Cook Islands, and Manurevana gen. nov. for O. draconarius
from the Austral Islands.
Material and methods
The specimens were preserved dry or in ethanol. For dissection of the male genitalia, dry
preserved specimens were softened in acetic acid atmosphere for 3-4 hours, until
intersegmental membranes could be easily manipulated. The genital capsule was then
removed, transferred to 10% KOH and macerated at room temperature for 24 hours while
the specimen was card-mounted. Drawings of genitalia (while in glycerine-jelly) and
external characters were made using a camera lucida and a standard Leitz stereo-
microscope. Genitalia are stored in glycerine in a plastic vial pinned underneath the
specimen, or in the case of specimens preserved in ethanol, plastic vials containing the
genitalia associated with the vials containing the specimens.
Measurements pertaining to body length equal the distance between apex of head and
tip of tegmina.
Depositories of material are as follows: MNHN (Musée national d´Histoire naturelle,
Paris, France), BPBM (Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A), and AH (collection of
M. Asche and H. Hoch, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany).
Taxonomy
Oteana gen. nov.
Type species: Oliarus euphranor Fennah, 1958: 131, Society Islands: Tahiti (Mt. Aorai)
Description
Habitus (fig. 1). Small to medium size cixiids (males 4.9–8.0 mm, females 5.5–9.0
mm) with moderately depressed body form, mesonotum pentecarinate, tegmina shallowly
tectiform, translucent.
Head (figs 2–4)
Vertex long, narrow, ca. 1.5 times as long as posteriorly wide, in dorsal aspect
surpassing the anterior margin of the compound eyes with ca. 1/3 its total length; lateral
carinae ridged, converging anteriorly; median carina obsolete; posterior margin of vertex
medially deeply incised. Areolets divided by a short robust median carina. Frons separated
from vertex by a distinct transverse carina. Frons ca. 1.8 times as wide as medially long,
widest at level of the antennae. Lateral ocelli distinct, median frontal ocellus present yet
obsolete. Frontoclypeal suture parabolic. Frons and clypeus with a distinct median carina
which forks towards the apex. Rostrum in repose attaining metatrochanters.
Antennae small, not visible in dorsal aspect. 1st antennal segment short, ring-like, 2nd
antennal segment globose, irregularly beset with sense organs (plaques).
HOCH
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ZOOTAXA
FIGURE 1. Habitus of Oteana. Oteana spec., female.
Thorax
Pronotum short, posterior margin deeply incised, only slightly wider than head, with
distinct median and lateral carinae. Mesonotum pentecarinate, ca. 1.2 times as wide as
medially long.
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FIGURES 2–4. Oteana gen.nov. (O. euphranor (Fennah, 1958), male): head. 2. Vertex, dorsal aspect; 3. Frons
and clypeus, ventral aspect; 4. transition vertex/frons with areolets, anterior aspect. Scale bar equals 0.5 mm.
Tegmina and wings well developed. Tegmina shallowly tectiform, in repose
surpassing tip of abdomen with ca. ¼ their total length. Tegmen (fig. 5) ca. 3.2 times
longer than maximally wide. Apex of outer subapical cell slightly distad of apex of inner
subapical cell. Intercubital transverse veinlet entering margin of tegmen distinctly distad
of claval suture. Longitudinal veins inconspicuously granulate.
Legs (fig. 6) Metatibiae laterally generally with 3 small spines (except for the species
from Moorea which display 1 and 2–3 spines, respectively), apically with 6 spines (5
arranged in an oblique row, lateral spine more strongly pronounced). Metabasitarsus ca.
1.5 times longer than 2nd and 3rd metatarsal joints together, distally with 7 spines in a
slightly arched row (lateral spines are longest), 2nd metatarsal joint distally with 5 spines.
Metatarsal joints without macrochaetae (platellae).
Male genital complex
Genital segment with laterodorsal margins strongly produced caudad in a
subrectangular lobe with dorsal apical angles on the right or/and the left side more or less
acute; thus, genital segment either bilaterally symmetrical or asymmetrical. Medioventral
process in ventral aspect triangular, with fine lateral grooves converging ventrocaudally.
Anal segment in dorsal aspect highly or broadly ovate, in most species bilaterally
symmetrical. Parameres slender at base, with median portion bulging, apically produced
dorsolaterally, in lateral aspect hook-shaped; mediodorsal margin more or less serrate.
Aedeagus (fig. 7) with shaft and flagellum well developed. Shaft ventrally and apically
with a characteristic set of spines. Inter- and intraspecific variation is observed in the
configuration of these spines. Flagellum long, in repose bent dorsobasad to the left side.
Flagellum membranous, with a few more strongly sclerotized portions: at least one distal
HOCH
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ZOOTAXA spine (fig. 7, b1) and a ventral, more or less triangular ridge near flagellum bend (fig 7,
b2). Phallotreme at apex of flagellum (fig. 7, b3). To point out hypothesized homologous
structures of the aedeagus in the species of Oteana, the same indications used in fig. 7 are
referred to in the individual species descriptions.
FIGURES 5–8. Oteana gen. nov. : 5. right tegmen (O. euphranor, female); 6. right hindleg, ventral aspect (O.
euphranor, female); 7. configuration of the male copulatory organ, the aedeagus (O. mato); 8. external aspects
of female genitalia (Oteana spec.). Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (figs 5, 6, 8) and 0.1 mm (fig. 7).
Abbreviations: a, shaft (“periandrium” sensu Giffard 1925); b, flagellum (“phallus” sensu Giffard 1925);
c, central part (“apodeme of phallus” sensu Giffard 1925); a1–a4, ventral spines of shaft (a1, right lateral spine;
a2, median right spine; a3, median left spine; a4, left lateral spine); a5, apical shaft spine; a6, subapical shaft
spine; b1, distal flagellum spine; b2, sclerotized ridge of flagellum; b3, phallotreme (“functional orifice” sensu
Giffard 1925).
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Female genitalia (fig. 8)
Caudal margin of 7th sternite shallowly sinuate, medially slightly concave. Ovipositor
short, stout, in repose directed straight caudad. 9th tergite truncate, caudally concave, with
wax producing area distinct, medially not divided. Anal segment plate-shaped, ventrally
concave, wide at base. Ductus receptaculi tubular, not heliciform.
Etymology
Named after the traditional drum dance from Tahiti, the Otea. The gender is feminine.
Remarks
Oteana can be distinguished from other pentastirine genera by bodily proportions,
shape and arrangement of spines of the metatarsi (7, 5, no platellae), and especially by the
configuration of the male genitalia (arrangement of ventral and apical aedeagal shaft
spines).
Oteana euphranor (Fennah) comb. nov.
(figs 9–15)
Oliarus euphranor Fennah 1958: 131
Supplementary description.
Body length.
Male. 4.9–5.4 mm (+/- 0.172), n=15. Female. 5.5–6.2 mm (+/- 0.188), n=25.
Coloration.
Area of vertex, areolets, frons, and clypeus dark brown, carinae of head and fenestrae
stramineous. Pronotum with discoidal and ventral areas dark brown, posterior margin and
carinae stramineous. Tegulae testaceous. Mesonotum dark brown to blackish, longitudinal
carinae generally lighter, more or less contrasting, posterior tip of mesonotum
stramineous. Tegmina and wings hyaline, translucent, without conspicuous pattern. Costal
vein dark brown, pterostigma distinct, dark brown. Venation of tegmina otherwise
testaceous, slightly darker in apical third.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as well as spinulation of hind legs as
described for the genus.
HOCH
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FIGURES 9–14. Oteana euphranor (Fennah, 1958). Male genitalia. 9, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 10,
same, ventral aspect; 11, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 12, same, left lateral aspect; 13, left paramere, maximal
aspect; 14, aedeagus, ventral aspect; Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
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Male genital complex (figs 9–15)
Genital segment (figs 9, 10) bilaterally symmetrical, with both dorsal apical angles of
subrectangular lobes acute; medioventral process gradually tapering posteriorly. Anal
segment (figs 11, 12) symmetrical, elongately ovate. Parameres distally produced into a
pointed tip (fig 13, arrow). Aedeagus (figs 14, 15): shaft dorsally with a rounded, ear-
shaped protrusion (fig 14, arrow), ventrally with 3 spines: right lateral spine (a1) long,
slender, terete, curved laterad to the right side; median spine (a2?) short, pointed, directed
straight caudad; left spine (a3) strong, inserting with a broad base, apically tapering,
directed caudad. Left spine variable within populations (fig 15), unforked (in most
specimens studied) or forked. Apical spine of shaft (a5) long, slender, terete, curved
laterobasad to the left side, almost reaching tip of flagellum. Subapical spine (a6)
comparatively short, slightly curved, directed left laterad. Flagellum simple, with one
distinct distal spine (b1).
Female genitalia as described for the genus.
FIGURE 15. Oteana euphranor (Fennah, 1958). Male genitalia. Variation of left lateral (ventral) spine of
aedeagus shaft (a4): a–d, from population on Mt. Aorai, Tahiti Nui, e, specimen from Vaiufaufa, Tahiti Iti.
Scale bar equals O.1 mm.
Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahiti Nui: Mt Aorai, Mt. Marau, Pico Vert, and Tahiti Iti). Most
common Oteana species.
Ecology
On native vegetation. Likely host plants are Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae)
(Fennah 1958), Metrosideros collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae). From
800–above 1600 m.
Material examined
Holotype (here re-examined): Society Islands: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail, 4500–5500
ft, E.C. Zimmerman leg., BPBM (type nr 2628).
HOCH
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ZOOTAXA Additional material: all specimens from Tahiti Island.
Mt. Aorai: 109 , 66 , Mt. Aorai Trail, between 600–ca.1650 m, native vegetation:
Weinmannia parviflora, Metrosideros collina, Coprosma spec., Dodonaea viscosa, ferns,
14.IV.–12.V.1999, M. Asche & H. Hoch, AH; 12 , 2 , ibid., 1400m, 12.IX.1977, at light,
S.L. Montgomery, BPBM Acc.Nr. 1977.361; 31 , 15 , Mt. Aorai, NW Ridge, 800–1450
m, , native vegation, Metrosideros collina, Weinmannia parviflora, Vaccinium cereum,
Styphelia tameiameia var. sacretalis, Reynoldsia verrucosa, 9.VII. –11.VII.1961, J.L.
Gressitt, BPBM; 3 , 1 , Mt. Aorai, N-side, 1400m, at light, W.C. Gagné & S.L.
Montgomery, BPBM Acc.Nr. 1977.361.
Mt. Marau: 1 , 3 , N side of Mt. Marau, 1300–1400 m, ex Weinmannia,
15.III.1983, G. Paulay, BPBM; 1 , 1 , Mt. Marau, 1200–1300 m, ex Weinmannia, 29.–
30.VIII.1984, G. Paulay, BPBM Acc.nr. 1985.69; 3 , ibid., 1300m, 29.VIII.1984, G.
Paulay, BPBM Acc.nr. 1985.69; 2 , 5 , ibid., 1300–1400m, beaten from Weinmannia,
28.VIII.1984, G. Paulay, BPBM Acc.nr. 1985.69; 1 , road to Mt Marau, 840–850m,
29.VIII.1977, at light, W.C. Gagné & S.L. Montgomery, BPBM Acc.nr. 1977–361; 1 ,
ibid., 950–960 m, native forest, 27.VIII.1977, W.C. Gagné, BPBM; 1 , Mt. Marau,
1000m, 19.–21.VIII.1977, S.L. Montgomery, BPBM Acc.Nr. 1983.25; 1 , ibid., 1490 m,
19.–21.VIII.1977, S.L. Montgomery, BPBM Acc.Nr. 1983.25; 4 , ibid., 1490 m, on
Myrsine and Weinmannia, 29.–30.VI. 1977, W.C.Gagné, BPBM Acc.nr. 1977.361; 1 ,
ibid., 1400–1500m, on Weinmannia parviflora, 18.–21.VIII.1977, W.C. Gagné, BPBM; 15
, 6 , Mt. Marau, 1430 m, ex Weinmannia, 3.IX. 2004, D. M. Percy, BPBM; 1 , 1 ,
ibid, 1430 m, ex Weinmannia, 13.IX. 2004, D.M. Percy, BPBM.
Pico Vert: 1 , 1 , Pico Vert, ca. 800 m, ex Metrosideros collina, 6.VI.2002, D. M.
Percy, BPBM.
Tahiti Iti: 9 , Taiarapu, above Vaiufaufa, 900m, 24.–25.IX.1977, S.L. Montgomery,
BPBM Acc.nr. 1977.361; 7 , ibid., 900 m, 3.VII.1977, S.L. Montgomery, BPBM Acc.nr.
1977.361; 1 , Vaiufaufa, 500 m, 1. IV.1971, N.L.H. Krauss, BPBM.
Oteana iaorana sp. nov.
(figs 16–21)
Description.
Body length.
Male. 6.2–6.3 mm; n= 2.
Coloration.
Head and thorax as in O. euphranor.. Legs stramineous, ventrally dark brown.
Tegmina hyaline, translucent, proximally smoky brown, especially around the Y-vein.
Costal vein proximad of junction with Y-vein dark brown over a short distance.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as well as spinulation of hind legs as
described for the genus, slightly larger than O. euphranor.
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FIGURES 16–21. Oteana iaorana sp.nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 16, genital segment, left lateral aspect;
17, same, ventral aspect; 18, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 19, same, left lateral aspect; 20, left paramere,
maximal aspect; 21, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
HOCH
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ZOOTAXA Male genital complex (figs 16–21)
Genital segment (figs 16, 17) bilaterally slightly asymmetrical: dorsolateral angle of
subrectangular lobe acute on left side, on right side slightly longer, rounded. Anal segment
(figs 18, 19) bilaterally symmetrical, broadly ovate. Parameres (fig. 20) distally produced
into a blunt angle, mediodorsal margin serrate. Aedeagus (fig. 21): shaft with 3 ventral
spines: right lateral spine (a1) inserting near base, compress, medially distinctly dilated,
tapering towards tip, curved laterad to the right side; median spine (a2) inserting near base,
short, thorn-like; left lateral spine (a3) of similar shape as spine a1, slightly more slender,
strong, compressed, curved laterad to the right side, more or less parallel to right lateral
spine; in one specimen with vestigial remnant of spine a4. Apical spine of shaft (a5) long,
compress, taeniform, curved laterad to the left side; subapical spine of shaft (a6) ca. half
the length of apical spine, compress, sinuate, directed laterad to the left side. Some slight
variation among specimens in length of ventral shaft spines. Flagellum in repose nearly
reaching base of shaft; distal flagellum spine (b1) present, not strongly sclerotized; in
repose directed mediad.
Etymology
“Ia orana” is Tahitian for “hello”.
Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahitit Nui and Tahiti Iti).
Ecology
On native vegetation including Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae), Metrosideros
collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae). From 900– ca. 1400 m.
Remarks
O. iaorana differs from O. euphranor in body size (slightly larger) and particularly in
the configuration of the male genitalia: genital segment slightly asymmetrical, and in the
arrangement of ventral aedeagal spines.
Type material.
Holotypus : Society Islands: Tahiti I., Taiarapu: above Vaiufaufa, 900 m, 3.VII.1977,
at light, S.L. Montgomery, BPBM (type nr. 16616). Paratype: 1 , Society Islands: Tahiti
I., Mt. Aorai Trail, 900–1400m, 16.IV.1999, M.Asche & H. Hoch, MNHN.
Oteana tiare sp. nov.
(figs 22–28)
Description
Body length.
Male. 6.5–7.4 mm (n=11). Female. 6.6 – 7.0 mm (n=2).
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FIGURES 22–26. Oteana tiare sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 22, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 23,
same, ventral aspect; 24, anal segment, left lateral aspect; 25, same, dorsal aspect; 26, left paramere, maximal
aspect; Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
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FIGURES 27–28. Oteana tiare sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 27, aedeagus, ventral aspect; 28, same, right
lateral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
Coloration.
Area of vertex, areolets, and frons dark brown, carinae of head stramineous. Fenestrae
distinctly colored: a central dark brown spot, surrounded by a lighter fringe. Postclypeus
yellowish-orange in male and in female. Pronotum as in O. euphranor. Mesonotum in
males dark brown, blackish, longitudinal carinae slightly lighter, in females areas enclosed
by lateral carinae on each side stramineous, distinctly contrasting, so that the mesonotum
appears longitudinally striped. Venation of tegmina dark brown throughout.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as well as spinulation of hind legs as
described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 22–28)
Genital segment (figs 22, 23) bilaterally asymmetrical: dorsolateral angle of
subrectangular lobe acute on the left side (fig. 22, arrow), rounded on the right side;
medioventral process dorsally ridged. Anal segment (figs 24, 25) slightly asymmetrical.
Parameres (fig. 26): distal portion in lateral aspect duckbill-shaped, directed basomediad.
Aedeagus (figs 27, 28): shaft ventrally with 2 long, conspicuous spinose processes and 2
minute inconspicuous spines, dorsally with one small, tooth-like spine (fig. 28, arrow),
inserting at the transition shaft/flagellum. Long, ventral shaft spines (a1, a3) compressed,
taeniform, subapically slightly dilated, almost rectangularly bent laterad to right side, each
bearing a small inconspicuous spine (a2, a4: fig. 27, arrow) near its base. Apical (a5) and
subapical (a6) spines more or less equally long, arising from a long common base, in
repose curved laterobasad. Flagellum in repose not reaching base of shaft, distal flagellum
spine (b1) conspicuously sclerotized, acute, directed straight laterad to the left side.
Sclerotized ridge of flagellum at midlength produced into a short vestigial spine.
© 2006 Magnolia Press 15
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Etymology
Named for Tiare, the most famous flower of Tahiti, Gardenia taitensis (Rubiaceae).
Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti).
Ecology
On native vegetation including Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae), Metrosideros
collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae). From 560–1600 m.
Remarks
Oteana tiare differs from all other Oteana species by the yellowish-orange
postclypeus and the spine configuration of the aedeagus.
Type material
Holotype , Society Islands: Tahiti I., Taiarapu: above Vaiufaufa [Tahiti Iti], 900 m,
3.VII.1977, at light, S.L. Montogomery, BPBM (type nr 16620).
Paratypes. Tahiti Iti. 4 , same data as holotype; 1 , Society Arch.: Tahiti I.,
Vaiufaufa viewpoint, 560 m, 7. IX. 1988, at MV light, S.L. Montgomery & B.H. Gagné,
BPBM. Tahiti Nui. Mt. Marau. 1 , Society Is.: Tahiti I.: Mt. Marau, 1490 m, on
Myrsine, 29.VI.1977, W.C.Gagné, BPBM Acc.Nr. 1977.361; 1 , Society Is.: Tahiti I., Mt.
Marau, 1300–1400 m, ex Myrsine, 28.VIII.1984, G. Paulay, BPBM; 1 , Society Islands:
Tahiti I., Mt. Marau, 1430 m, 13.IX.2004, ex Weinmannia, “*17JG”, D. M. Percy, BPBM;
Mt. Aorai. 1 , Society Is.: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail, ca. 600–1200 m, 14.IV.1999, M.
Asche & H.. Hoch, MNHN; 1 , Society Is.: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail, 1400–1600 m,
12.V.1999, M. Asche, MNHN; 2 , Society Is.: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail, 1400–1600 m,
12.V.1999, M. Asche, AH.
Oteana aorai sp. nov.
(figs 29–34)
Description
Body length.
Male. 6.8 mm (n=1). Female unknown.
Coloration
Head stramineous, except for area of vertex, areolets, and area enclosed by frontal
carina fork, these dark brown. Pronotum as in O. euphranor, mesonotum with areas
enclosed by lateral carinae on each side stramineous, distinctly contrasting, resulting in
longitudinal stripes. Tegmina hyaline, translucent, without conspicuous markings,
HOCH
16 © 2006 Magnolia Press
1209
ZOOTAXA pterostigma distinctly dark; venation in distal third dark brown.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as described for the genus. Metatibiae
laterally with 4 small spines. Spinulation of hind legs otherwise as described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 29–34).
Genital segment (figs 29, 30) bilaterally asymmetrical: laterodorsal angle of
subrectangular process with acute tip on left side, rounded on right side. Anal segment
(figs 31, 32) asymmetrical, elongately ovate. Parameres (fig. 33): distal portion produced
into a broad lobe, apically rounded. Aedeagus (fig. 34): shaft dorsally with an ear-shaped
protrusion near apex (fig. 34, arrow), ventrally with 2 spines: right lateral spine (a1)
inserting near shaft base, compressed, taeniform, curved laterad to right side. Left ventral
spine (a2) vestigial, tooth-like, inserting mediad of base of right lateral spine. Apical spine
of shaft (a5) more or less compressed, bent in a ca. 90º angle at 1/3 of its length, directed
laterad to left side, slightly sinuate; subapical spine of shaft (a6) long, slender, terete, bent
at midlength, directed laterobasad to left side. Flagellum in repose not reaching base of
shaft, distal flagellum spine (b1) short, stout, directed mediad, and a short, inconspicuous
spine (b2) arising from sclerotized ridge at midlength of flagellum (fig. 34, arrow).
Etymology
Named for its type locality, Mt. Aorai, near Papeete, Tahiti.
Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahiti Nui: Mt. Aorai).
Ecology
On native vegetation including Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae), Metrosideros
collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae). Between 600–900 m.
Remarks
Oteana aorai is easily distinguished from all other Oteana species by its light body
coloration and the configuration of the aedeagal shaft spines.
Type material
Holotype : Society Islands: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail, 600 – 900 m, 16.IV. 1999, M.
Asche & H.Hoch, MNHN.
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FIGURES 29–34. Oteana aorai sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 29, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 30,
same, ventral aspect; 31, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 32, same, left lateral aspect; 33, left paramere, maximal
aspect; 34, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
HOCH
18 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA Oteana mato sp. nov.
(figs 35–40)
Description
Body length.
Male. 5.0–5.7 mm (n=9).
Coloration
Coloration of head generally as in O. euphranor, but postclypeus in upper half
yellowish-orange, with a dark brown fringe towards frons; postclypeus in lower half and
anteclypeus dark brown. Coloration otherwise as described for O. euphranor.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as well as spinulation of hind legs as
described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 35–40).
Genital segment (figs 35, 36) bilaterally asymmetrical, laterodorsal angle of
subrectangular process produced into an acute tip on left side (fig. 35, arrow), rounded on
right side. Medioventral process dorsally ridged, in lateral aspect ventral margin distinctly
serrate. Anal segment (fig 37, 38) symmetrical, ovate. Parameres (figs. 39) with distal
portion in lateral aspect apically rounded, dorsal margin serrate, with an acute tip directed
mediad (fig. 39 a, b, arrow). Aedeagus (figs 7, 40): shaft dorsally with a small,
inconspicuous, ear-shaped protrusion, ventrally with 4 spines: right lateral spine (a1)
arising from joint base with right median spine (a2). Right lateral spine long, terete,
slender throughout, curved laterad to right side; median right spine short, erect. Median
left spine (a3) and left lateral spine (a4) also arising from a common base: median left
spine stout, rapidly tapering, erect; left lateral spine slender, filiform, directed mediad
towards tip of median left spine. Apcial spine of shaft (a5) long, terete, with a distinct
“knee” near its base (fig. 40, arrow), curved semicircularly laterobasad to the left side.
Subapical spine (a6) ca. 1/3 the length of apical spine, slender and terete at base, distally
compressed and broadened, sinuate, bent laterad to the left side, tip pointing apically.
Flagellum in repose not reaching base of shaft; distal flagellum spine (b1) directed mediad.
Sclerotized flagellum ridge produced into a sharp edge at midlength of flagellum.
Etymology
Named for a refuge hut on the Mt. Aorai trail, Fare Mato.
Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti).
Ecology
On native vegetation including Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae), Metrosideros
collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae). Between 900 to 1400 m.
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FIGURES 35–40. Oteana mato sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 35, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 36,
same, ventral aspect; 37, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 38, same, left lateral aspect; 39, left paramere: a,
maximal aspect, b, caudal aspect; 40, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
Remarks
Oteana mato differs from all other Oteana species by the coloration of the postclypeus
(upper half yellowish-orange) and particularly by the configuration of the ventral, apical,
and subapical aedeagus shaft spines.
HOCH
20 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA Type material.
Holotype , Society Is.: Tahiti I., Taiarapu: above Vaiufaufa [Tahiti Iti], 900 m, 3.VII.
1977, S.L. Montgomery, at light, BPBM (type nr 16621).
Paratypes. Tahiti Iti. 3 , same data as holotype; 2 , same data as holotype, except
24.–25.IX. 1988, S.L. Montgomery & B.H. Gagné, BPBM; 2 , Society Is: Tahiti I., Tahiti
Iti, Metrosideros collina (glabrous), D. M. Percy, BPBM. Tahiti Nui. 3 , Society Is:
Tahiti I., Mt Aorai Trail, 900 – 1400 m, 16.IV.1999, M.Asche & H. Hoch, MNHN, AH.
Oteana ata sp. nov.
(figs 41–46)
Description.
Body length.
Male. 5.3 – 5.4 mm (n=3).
Coloration as described for O. euphranor as well as proportions and carination of head
and thorax. Metatibiae laterally with 1–2 small spines (variable within individuals),
spinulation of hind legs otherwise as described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 41–46).
Genital segment (figs 41, 42) nearly bilaterally symmetrical: laterodorsal angle of
subrectangular lobes rounded on both sides; subrectangular process on right side slightly
more pronounced than on left side. Anal segment (figs 43, 44) symmetrical, elongately
ovate. Parameres (fig. 45) with distal part produced into a stout acute tip directed mediad.
Aedeagus (fig. 46): shaft ventrally with 2–3 spines: in specimens with 3 ventral shaft
spines: median spine (a2+a3?) more or less strongly developed, apically medially truncate,
slightly incised; right lateral (a1) and left lateral spine (a4) feebly developed. In specimens
with 2 ventral shaft spines, left spine strongly developed, apically acute, right spine feebly
developed, as long as left spine. Apical spine of shaft (a5) long, terete, slender throughout,
bent in a ca. 90º angle at midlength, in repose directed laterobasad to left side. Subapical
spine of shaft (a6) slender at base, nearly straight directed laterodorsad to left side.
Flagellum in repose not reaching base of shaft, distal flagellum spine (b1) strongly
pronounced, directed straight basad. Sclerotized flagellum ridge produced into a strong,
stout spine (b2) directed laterobasad to the left side.
Etymology
Named for a refuge hut, Fare Ata, near the summit of Mt. Aorai, Tahiti.
Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahiti Nui).
© 2006 Magnolia Press 21
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FIGURES 41–46. Oteana ata sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 41, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 42,
same, ventral aspect; 43, anal segment, left lateral aspect; 44, same, dorsal aspect; 45, paramere, maximal
aspect; 46, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
Ecology
On native vegetation including Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae), Metrosideros
collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae); 900 to above 1400 m.
Remarks
Oteana ata differs from all other Oteana species by the configuration of the ventral
aedeagal spines.
HOCH
22 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA Type material
Holotypus , Society Is: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail, 900 – 1400 m, 16.IV. 1999, M.
Asche & H. Hoch, MNHN. Paratypes: 2 , same data as holotype, except above 1400m,
MNHN, AH.
Oteana moana sp. nov.
(figs 47–53)
Description
Body length.
Male 6.0–6.4 mm (n= 5)
Coloration.
Vertex dark brown except posterior angles pale yellow. Frons sordid light brown to
dark brown, in some individuals with a yellowish mark at lateral corners of frontoclypeal
suture; carination yellow. Post- and anteclypeus dark brown; in some individuals medially
with a circular yellow-brown mark below frontoclypeal suture. Pronotum with discoidal
and ventral areas dark brown; carinae of pronotum and posterior margin whitish.
Mesonotum dark brown, carinae yellow-orange, in some individuals the area enclosed by
lateral carinae on each side chestnut-brown to honey-yellow, posterior tip of mesonotum
pale yellow. Tegmina hyaline, Y-vein brown at base, close to anterior margin suffusely
brown. Angle between claval veins and commissural margin brown. Pterostigma brown,
crossveins distad of nodal line overlayed with a brown suffusion. Wings hyaline, veins
brown. Legs brown, distal end of femura and tibiae slightly lighter.
Head and thorax
Variation is observed between the populations from Mt. Aorai (Tahiti Nui), and
Vaiufaufa (Tahiti Iti).
Proportions of head and thorax as described for the genus, in the specimen from
Vaiufaufa the vertex is slightly longer and narrower than in specimens from Mt. Aorai.
Venation of tegmina, especially distad of nodal line variable due to different degrees of
(slight) reduction in length: the veinlets reach the posterior margin either branched or
unbranched. Spinulation of hind legs as described for the genus.
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FIGURES 47–51. Oteana moana sp. nov. Male genitalia. 47, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 48, same,
ventral aspect; 49, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 50, same, left lateral aspect; 51, left paramere, maximal aspect;
b: caudal aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
HOCH
24 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA
FIGURES 52–53. Oteana moana sp. nov. Male genitalia. 52, aedeagus, ventral aspect: a, male from Mt. Aorai
(holotype); b, male from Vaiufaufa (paratype); 53, same, right lateral aspect, male from Vaiufaufa. Scale bar
equals 0.1 mm.
Male genital complex (figs 47–53).
Genital segment (figs 47, 48) bilaterally asymmetrical, laterodorsal angle of
subrectangular process produced into an acute tip on left side, rounded on right side;
medioventral process dorsally ridged. Anal segment (figs 49, 50) slightly asymmetrical,
elongately ovate. Parameres with distal portion apically produced into an acute tip directed
mediad, median margin dentate (fig. 51, arrow). Aedeagus (figs 52, 53): shaft ventrally
with 4 spines: right lateral spine (a1) long, slender, terete, curved dorsad (fig. 52a) (in the
specimen from Vaiufaufa passing to the dorsal side underneath apical and subapical shaft
spines: figs 52b, 53); median right spine (a2) short, slender, erect; median left spine (a3)
and left lateral spine (a4) arising from a common base; median left spine conical, erect,
rapidly tapering; left lateral spine more feebly developed, slender throughout, gradually
curved mediad. Apical spine of shaft (a5) arising from a solid base, long, slender, terete,
bent at a ca. 90º angle at midlength, curved laterobasad to left side. Subapical spine of
shaft (a6) arising from a narrow base, slender, terete, ca. half the length of apical spine,
directed laterad to left side. Flagellum in repose not reaching base of shaft; distal flagellum
spine (b1) inconspicuous or absent (in specimens from Mt. Aorai) or distinct (specimen
from Vaiufaufa); flagellum at midlength with a distinct sclerotized ridge in the specimen
from Vaiufaufa, this not as strongly expressed in the specimens from Mt. Aorai.
Etymology
“Moana” is the Polynesian word for Pacific Ocean.
© 2006 Magnolia Press 25
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Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti).
Ecology
On native vegetation including Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae), Metrosideros
collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae); 900–1650 m.
Remarks
In the configuration of the aedeagal spinulation, O. moana is most similar to O.
euphranor but can be distinguished from this species by its larger body size as well as by
its asymmetrical genital segment, details of the aedeagus´ ventral shaft spines and a
relatively longer apical shaft spine.
There is some variation observed between the specimens from Mt. Aorai and the
(single) specimen from Vaiufaufa. In the latter, the vertex is slightly longer and narrower
than in the males from Mt. Aorai, and the coloration is generally lighter, especially so that
of the frons and postclypeus which is honey-yellow to light brown vs dark brown in the
specimens from Mt. Aorai. Pertaining to the male genital complex, it displays the same
arrangement of aedeagal shaft spines; however, the right lateral ventral shaft spine is bent
dorsally underneath the apical and subapical spines (figs 52 b, 53). Also, the flagellum
bears a distinct distal flagellum spine which is much less developed or even missing in the
males from Mt. Aorai. Whether this variability is merely intraspecific or may be an
indication of interrupted gene-flow between the two populations cannot be decided on the
basis of the existing material.
Type material
Holotype , Society Is: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail [Tahiti Nui], 1400 – 1650 m,
12.V.1999, M. Asche, MNHN.
Paratypes. Tahiti Nui. 1 , same data as holotype; 2 , same data as holotype except
900 – 1400 m, 16.IV.1999, M. Asche & H. Hoch, AH. Tahiti Iti. 1 , Society Is: Tahiti I.,
Taiarapu, above Vaiufaufa, 900 m, 24. – 25. IX. 1977, S.L. Montgomery, BPBM.
Oteana pouvana sp. nov.
(figs 54–59)
Description
Body length.
Male. 6.2–6.6 mm (n=3).
Coloration.
Coloration of head as described for O. euphranor, except for the postclypeus which is
yellowish in O. pouvana. Pro- and mesonotum as in O. euphranor. Tegmina with venation
HOCH
26 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA stramineous in proximal two-thirds, dark brown in distal third. Costal vein and
pterostigma dark brown.
Spinulation of hind legs as described for the genus, with some variation observed: one
specimen displayed 4 and 2 spines, respectively, laterally on the hind tibia.
Male genital complex (54–59).
Genital segment (figs 54, 55) bilaterally slightly asymmetrical: dorsolateral angle of
subrectangular lobe acute on left side, rounded on right side. Anal segment (figs 56, 57)
bilaterally symmetrical, broadly ovate. Parameres (fig. 58) distally produced into a blunt
angle directed mediad, mediodorsal margin serrate. Aedeagus (fig. 59): shaft with 3
ventral spines: right lateral spine (a1) inserting near base of shaft, compressed, taeniform,
widest at midlength, rapidly tapering, dorsolateral margin irregularly sinuate, twisted at
base, curved laterad to right side. Median spine (a2) inserting near base, short, thorn-like;
left lateral spine (a3) inserting with a wide base, compressed, taeniform, curved laterad to
right side, more or less parallel to right lateral spine. Apical spine of shaft (a5) very long,
compressed, taeniform, bent at ca. 1/5 of its total length in a nearly right angle, in repose
directed laterad to the left side. Subapical spine of shaft (a6) arising from a narrow base,
ca. half as long as apical spine of shaft, but of similar shape and direction. Flagellum in
repose not reaching base of shaft, distal flagellum spine (b1) present, not strongly
sclerotized, in repose directed straight mediad. Sclerotized ridge of flagellum with
ventromedian margin irregularly serrate.
Etymology
Named in honor of Pouvanaa a Oopa, proponent of Polynesian autonomy and first
Polynesian to win a seat in the French Chamber of Deputies, in 1949.
Distribution
Endemic to Tahiti (Tahiti Nui).
Ecology
On native vegetation including Weinmannia parviflora (Cunoniaceae), Metrosideros
collina (Myrtaceae), Myrsine spec. (Myrsinaceae); 600–1400 m.
Remarks
Oteana pouvana resembles O. iaorana in the aedeagus spine configuration, but differs
from this species by the long and taeniform apical shaft spine, as well as in the distal
flagellum spine, which is much more strongly pronounced in O. iarorana.
Type material
Holotype , Society Is: Tahiti I., Mt. Aorai Trail, ca. 600 – 1200 m, 14.IV.1999, M.
Asche & H. Hoch, MNHN.
Paratypes: 1 , same data as holotype, AH; 1 , same data as holotype except 1000 –
1400 m, 12.V.1999, M. Asche, AH.
© 2006 Magnolia Press 27
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FIGURES 54–59. Oteana pouvana sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 54, genital segment, left lateral aspect;
55, same, ventral aspect; 56, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 57, same, left lateral aspect; 58, left paramere,
maximal aspect; 59, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
HOCH
28 © 2006 Magnolia Press
1209
ZOOTAXA Oteana eurynome (Fennah) comb. nov.
(figs 60–65)
Oliarus eurynome Fennah 1958: 132
Supplementary description.
Body length.
Male. 5.0–5.2 mm (n=2). Female unknown.
Coloration.
Anterior part of vertex and areolets dark brown, anterior corners of vertex
stramineous. Frons testaceous, with dark brown irregular band above frontoclypeal suture.
Postclypeus testaceous, anteclypeus dark brown. Carinae of head yellowish. Pronotum
with discoidal and ventral areas dark brown, carinae stramineous. Tegulae stramineous.
Mesonotum with distinct longitudinal stripes: median stripe dark brown, median carina
yellowish, flanked on each side by a yellowish stripe (consisting of lateral carinae and
areas enclosed by them), lateral portion of mesonotum testaceous, posterior tip
stramineous. Tegmina and wings hyaline, translucent, without any conspicuous pattern.
Venation of tegmina yellowish brown, darkening towards distal third, costal vein and
pterostigma dark brown. Body dark brown, legs testaceous.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as well as spinulation of hind legs as
described for the genus.
Metatibiae laterally with 1 spine, otherwise as described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 60–65)
Genital segment (figs 60, 61) bilaterally slightly asymmetrical, dorsal apical angle of
subrectangular lobe slightly more pronounced on right side, rounded; medioventral
process sharply ridged posteriorly. Anal segment (figs 62, 63) in dorsal aspect more or less
bilaterally symmetrical, broadly ovate. Parameres (fig. 64) in strict lateral aspect distally
produced into a rounded lobe directed basad, dorsocaudal margin dentate, tip pointed,
directed mediad. Aedeagus (fig. 65): shaft ventrally with 3 spines: right lateral spine (a1)
slender, S-shaped, slightly dilated subapically, curved to the right side; median (a3) and
left lateral spine (a4) arising from a common base. Median spine variable in shape:
compressed, either distally pointed (as in the holotype, fig. 65b, arrow) or apically incised,
bifurcate (as in the paratype, fig. 65a, arrow). Left lateral spine (a4) terete, strong, curved
gradually to right side. Apical spine of shaft (a5) arising from a wide base, slender
throughout, curved laterobasad. Subapical spine of shaft (a6) slender at base, broadening
subapically, directed laterad to left side. Flagellum with 2 spinose processes: distal
flagellum spine (b1) slender, acute, arising from a strongly sclerotized lateroventral ridge,
directed mediad, and a strong, compressed spine arising from ventral flagellum base,
curved (latero-) basad.
© 2006 Magnolia Press 29
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FIGURES 60–65. Oteana eurynome (Fennah 1958). Figs 60–65 a: paratype; fig. 65 b: holotype. Male
genitalia. 60, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 61, same, ventral aspect; 62, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 63,
same, left lateral aspect; 64, left paramere, maximal aspect; 65, a: aedeagus, ventral aspect, b: variation of
median ventral spine. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
HOCH
30 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA Distribution
Endemic to Moorea.
Ecology
Unknown.
Remarks
Oteana eurynome differs from all other Oteana species by the presence of only one
lateral metatibial spine, and by the configuration of the aedeagus spines.
Material examined
Holotype : Society Islands: Moorea I., N. ridge Mt. Teaharua, 1500–2000ft,
25.IX.1934, E.C. Zimmerman, BPBM (type nr 2629). Paratype : same data as holotype,
BPBM.
Oteana aimeho sp. nov.
(figs 66–72)
Description
Body length.
Male. 4.8 – 5.3 mm (n=4). Female. 5.9 – 6.0 mm (n=4).
Coloration sexually dimorphic:
Male. Median part of vertex and areolets dark brown, posterior corners of vertex
whitish. Frons and clypeus dark brown. Carinae of head whitish. Frons with white spot
laterally on ascending portion of frontoclypeal suture. Pronotum with discoidal and ventral
areas dark brown; carinae whitish. Tegulae whitish. Mesonotum inconspicuously striped
longitudinally: laterally dark brown, medially testaceous, carinae yellowish. Tip of
mesonotum whitish. Body and legs brownish, metatibiae with a longitudinal whitish
stripe, 2nd and 3rd metatarsal segments whitish. Tegmina and wings hyaline, translucent;
pterostigma and venation of tegmina light brown, slightly darkening towards distal third,
costal vein medially (at clavus junction) distinctly darker.
Female.
Vividly coloured. Anterior part of vertex and areolets dark brown, posterior corners of
vertex white. Frons yellowish brown, darker at apex and above frontoclypeal suture.
Median carina of frons and clypeus yellowish, lateral carinae white, frons laterally of
ascending portion of frontoclypeal suture white. Postclypeus apically yellowish, darkening
towards anteclypeus, anteclypeus dark brown. Pronotum with discoidal and ventral areas
dark brown, carinae whitish. Tegulae yellowish. Mesonotum yellowish. Tegmina
translucent, venation light brown, darker in distal third, with dark bands along transverse
© 2006 Magnolia Press 31
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ZOOTAXA
veinlets. Abdominal tergites distinctly striped horizontally: dark brown anteriorly,
yellowish brown medially, and yellow posteriorly. Legs yellowish.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as well as spinulation of hind legs as
described for the genus, with slight variation pertaining to the lateral metatibial spines: 3 in
males, 2–3 in females.
FIGURES 66–72. Oteana aimeho sp. nov., paratype. Male genitalia. 66, genital segment, left lateral aspect;
67, same, ventral aspect; 68, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 69, same, left lateral aspect; 70, same, right lateral
aspect; 71, left paramere, maximal aspect; 72, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
HOCH
32 © 2006 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA Male genital complex ( figs 66–72).
Genital segment (figs 66, 67) bilaterally slightly asymmetrical: dorsal apical angle of
subrectangular lobe acute on left side, rounded on right side; medioventral process in
lateral aspect with distal margin serrate. Anal segment (figs 68–70) in dorsal aspect
distinctly asymmetrical, right laterally at base produced into a conspicuous ear-shaped
lobe (fig. 68, arrow, fig.70). Parameres (fig. 71) distally produced into a pointed tip
directed mediad; mediodorsal margin serrate. Aedeagus (fig. 72): shaft dorsally with an
ear-shaped protrusion, ventrally with 3 spines: right lateral spine (a1) arising medially near
base, long slender, abruptly bent laterad to the right side at ca. ½ its length; median spine
(a3) and left lateral spine (a4) inserting with a common base at midlength of shaft; median
spine strong, directed apically; left lateral spine more feebly developed, slender, slightly
shorter than median spine. Apical spine of shaft (a5) strongly developed, abruptly bent
near base, directed dorsolaterad; subapical spine of shaft (a6) long, slender at base,
directed straight laterad in proximal half of its total length, then rectangularly bent
basolaterad to left side, subapically dilated. Flagellum with distal flagellum spine (b1)
well-developed, directed basad.
Female genitalia as described for the genus.
Etymology
Aimeho is an ancient Polynesian name for Moorea.
Distribution
Endemic to Moorea.
Ecology
On native vegetation: Metrosideros collina (Myrtaceae) and Weinmannia parviflora
(Cunoniaceae); in medium elevations (300–830 m).
Remarks
Oteana aimeho differs from O. eurynome by the presence of 2–3 lateral metatibial
spines (instead of one in O. eurynome), and from this and all other Oteana species by the
aedeagal spine configuration and the distinctly asymmetrical anal segment.
Type material
Holotype : Society Islands: Moorea, Mt. Rotui, btw. 300–450 m, 3.VI.2002, ex
Metrosideros collina, Weinmannia parviflora, D. M. Percy, BPBM (type nr. 16618).
Paratypes: 2 , same data as holotype; 5 , 3 , Moorea, Mt. Mouaputa summit, 730–830
m, “399”, ex Metrosideros collina, 05.VI.2002, D.M. Percy, BPBM.
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Oteana omai sp. nov.
(figs 73–78)
Description
Body length. Male. 7.5 mm, n=1. Female. 8.7 mm (n=1).
Coloration
Anterior part of vertex and areolets dark brown, posterior corners of vertex
stramineous. Frons irregularly testaceous, darkening towards frontoclypeal suture.
Postclypeus testaceous, darkening towards anteclypeus; anteclypeus dark brown. Carinae
of head yellowish. Pronotum with discoidal and ventral areas dark brown, carinae
stramineous. Tegulae stramineous in dorsal aspect, slightly darker ventrally. Mesonotum
in male with median portion (=area between carinae) light brown, carinae yellowish,
lateral portions dark brown; without conspicuous longitudinal stripes. In female,
mesonotum with areas between lateral carinae on each side lighter, yellowish, thus the
mesonotum appears more distinctly longitudinally striped. Body and legs testaceous.
Tegmen and wings hyaline, translucent, without any conspicuous pattern. Pterostigma
distinct, light brown. Venation of tegmina yellowish brown, Y-vein and transversal
veinlets slightly darker.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as described for the genus; metatibiae
laterally with 2–3 spines, otherwise as described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 73–78).
Genital segment (figs 73, 74) bilaterally asymmetrical, dorsal apical angle of
subrectangular lobe on left side more strongly pronounced than on right side (fig. 74,
arrow); subrectangular lobe in lateral aspect with a distinct ventral corner. Anal segment
(figs 75, 76) bilaterally symmetrical, broadly ovate. Parameres (fig. 77) distally produced
into a pointed tip, mediodorsal margin serrate. Aedeagus (fig. 78): shaft with 3 ventral
spines (a1–a3) and a distinctly developed longitudinal ridge (a4?). Right lateral spine (a1)
compressed, slender, curved laterad to the right side; median spines (a2, a3) short, tooth-
like. Apical spine of shaft (a5) long, terete, slender, curved laterobasad; subapical spine of
shaft (a6) comparatively thin, curved more or less straight laterad to left side. Flagellum in
repose not reaching base of shaft, distally bispinose..
Female genitalia as described for the genus.
Etymology
Named in the memory of Omai, a man from Huahine and one of the first Polynesians
to visit Europe, travelling to England on board the HMS “Adventure” with Capt.
Furneaux, a contemporary of Capt. Cook.
Distribution
Endemic to Huahine.
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Unknown.
Remarks
This species closely ressembles Oteana temehani sp.nov. (described below). See
diagnostic remarks under O. temehani.
FIGURES 73–76. Oteana omai sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 73, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 74,
same, ventral aspect; 75, anal segment, left lateral aspect; 76, same, dorsal aspect. Scale bar equals 0.1 mm.
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FIGURES 77–78. Oteana omai sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 77, left paramere, maximal aspect; 78,
aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bar equals 0.1 mm.
Type material.
Holotype : Society Islands: Huahine Island, Mt. Turi, 500 m, at light, 6.–8.IX. 1977,
W.C. Gagné leg., BPBM (type nr. 16617). Paratypes: 2 , same data as holotype.
Oteana temehani sp. nov.
(figs 79–84)
Description
Body length. Male. 7.6 – 8.0 mm (+/- 0.2); n=3. Female. 9.0 mm; n=1.
Coloration.
Anterior part of vertex and areolets dark brown, posterior corners of vertex
stramineous. Frons irregularly testaceous, darkest just above frontoclypeal suture.
Postclypeus yellowish, anteclypeus dark brown. Carinae of head yellowish. Pronotum
with discoidal and ventral areas dark brown, carinae stramineous. Tegulae stramineous.
Mesonotum dark brown with distinct longitudinal stripes: all longitudinal carinae
yellowish, area enclosed by lateral carinae on each side testaceous, posterior tip of
mesonotum stramineous. Body generally dark brown, legs light brown. Tegmina and
wings hyaline, translucent, without conspicuous pattern. Costal vein and pterostigma light
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cells and costal vein at junction of Y-vein and costal vein slightly darker.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax as well as spinulation of hind legs as
described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 79–84)
Genital segment (figs 79, 80) bilaterally asymmetrical, dorsal apical angle of
subrectangular lobe on left side more strongly pronounced than on right side (fig. 80,
arrow). Subrectangular lobes in lateral aspect slender, gradually tapering. Anal segment
(figs 81, 82) bilaterally symmetrical, broadly ovate. Parameres (fig. 83) distally produced
into a pointed tip. Aedeagus (fig. 84): shaft ventrally with 3 spines (a1–a3) and a weakly
developed longitudinal ridge (a4?): right lateral spine (a1) compressed, strongly
developed, hook-shaped, directed laterad to the right side. Median spines (a2, a3) short,
stout, tooth-like, directed straight ventrad and laterad to the left side, respectively. Apical
spine of shaft (a5) long, slender, terete, in repose curved laterobasad to left side; subapical
spine (a6) strongly developed, taeniform, curved laterad to the left side. Flagellum long, in
repose reaching base of shaft, distally bispinose.
Female genitalia as described for the genus.
Etymology
Named for the type locality, Temehani Plateau, on Raiatea.
Distribution
Endemic to Raiatea.
Ecology
Unknown.
Remarks
O. temehani ressembles O. omai from Huahine in external and genital characters; it is
distinguished from this species in small, but consistent differences pertaining to the male
genital structures, especially the shape of the genital segment (subrectangular process
gradually tapering towards apical angle vs. short and stout in O. omai) and the aedeagus
(e.g., flagellum distinctly longer than in O. omai).
Type material
Holotype : Society Islands: Raiatea Island, Temehani Plateau, 600m, shrub, 1.IX.
1977, B.H. & W.C. Gagné, S.L. Montgomery leg., BPBM (type nr. 16619). Paratypes: 1 ,
1 , same data as holotype, BPBM; 1 , same locality as holotype, 500m, at light, 1.–
4.IX.1977, W.C. Gagné & S.L. Montgomery leg., BPBM.
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FIGURES 79–82. Oteana temehani sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 79, genital segment, left lateral aspect;
80, same, ventral aspect; 81, anal segment, left lateral aspect; 82, same, dorsal aspect. Scale bar equals 0.1 mm.
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FIGURES 83–84. Oteana temehani sp. nov., holotype. Male genitalia. 83, left paramere, maximal aspect; 84,
aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bar equals 0.1 mm.
Oteana gemellar (Fennah) comb. nov.
(figs 85–90)
Oliarus gemellar Fennah, 1958: 129
Supplementary description.
Body length.
Male. 6.0 mm (n=1). Female. 6.5 – 6.9 mm (n=3).
Proportions and carination of head and thorax, venation of tegmina as well as
spinulation of hind tibiae as described for the genus.
Coloration
Area of vertex and areolets dark brown. Frons stramineous, slightly darker towards
vertex, medially with a distinct short dark brown band just above frontoclypeal suture.
Anteclypeus and postclypeus in lower part dark brown, lighter brown towards
frontoclypeal suture. Carinae of head and fenestrae stramineous. Pronotum with discoidal
and ventral areas brownish, posterior margins and carinae stramineous. Mesonotum dark
brown, longitudinal carinae, posterior margin and tip stramineous. Mesonotum laterally of
outer carinae with a suffusely light brown spot. Body dark brown, legs stramineous.
Tegmina hyaline, translucent, without any conspicuous color pattern. Venation
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stramineous, only slightly darker distally. Pterostigma light brown as well as costal vein,
the latter only slightly darker around distal margin.
Male genital complex (figs 85–90).
Genital segment (figs 85, 86) bilaterally asymmetrical, laterodorsal angle of
subrectangular lobe acute on left side, rounded on right side; medioventral process short,
stout, dorsally ridged. Anal segment ( figs 87, 88) bilaterally symmetrical, broadly ovate.
Parameres (fig. 89) with distal portion subapically broadened, tapering apically into an
acute tip directed mediobasad, mediodorsal margin slightly serrate. Aedeagus (fig. 90):
shaft with 2 ventral and one apical spines: right lateral ventral spine (a1) arising at
midlength of shaft, strong, terete, bent at ca. ½ its length in a more or less right angle to
right side, its tip pointing laterobasad. Left spine (a3) arising slightly distad of base of right
lateral spine, slender, curved at ca. 1/3 its length in a more or less right angle to left side, its
tip pointing laterad to left side. Apical spine of shaft (a5) arising from a triangular base on
apex of shaft, long, slender, distally tapering, curved laterobasad to the left side. Flagellum
in repose not reaching base of shaft, distal flagellum spine strong, stout, tip subacute;
dorsomedian lobe of flagellum produced into a second strong, apically blunt spinose
process, in repose directed mediobasad. Phallotreme wide (fig. 90, arrow), flanked by the
two distal flagellum spines.
Distribution
Endemic to the Cook Islands: Rarotonga.
Ecology
Unknown.
Remarks
O. gemellar can be distinguished from the Society Islands Oteana species by the
absence of the subapical aedeagal shaft spine (a6).
Material examined
1 , 3 , Cook Islands: Rarotonga, Te Kou Plateau, 500m, 2.I.1983, G. Paulay leg.,
BPBM (compared with holotype; in BPBM).
HOCH
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FIGURES 85–90. Oteana gemellar (Fennah, 1958). Male genitalia. 85, genital segment, left lateral aspect; 86,
same, ventral aspect; 87, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 88, same, left lateral aspect; 89, left paramere, maximal
aspect; 90, aedeagus, ventral aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
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Manurevana gen. nov.
Type species: Manurevana draconarius (Fennah, 1958) comb.nov.
Oliarus draconarius Fennah, 1958: 130
Diagnosis
Small inconspicuously colored cixiids with depressed body, mesonotum pentecarinate,
tegmina shallowly tectiform.
FIGURE 91. Manurevana gen.nov.: transition vertex/frons, anterior aspect (M. draconarius (Fennah, 1958),
paratype male). Scale bar equals 0.5 mm.
Description
Head (fig. 91)
Vertex ca. 1.4 times as long as posteriorly wide, in dorsal aspect surpassing the
anterior margin of the compound eyes with ca. 1/3 its total length; lateral carinae more or
less parallel in posterior half, anteriorly converging, ridged; median carina present in
posterior half of vertex; posterior margin of vertex deeply incised. Areolets medially
divided by a short, obtuse carina. Transition frons/vertex rounded, without a distinct
transverse carina. Frons longish, narrow, ca. 0.8 times as wide as medially long, widest at
level of the antennae. Lateral ocelli present, distinct; median frontal ocellus absent.
Frontoclypeal suture more or less straight. Frons and clypeus with a ridged median carina,
frontal carina forked towards apex. Rostrum attaining metatrochanters. Antennae small,
not visible in dorsal aspect, 1st antennal segment short, ring-like, 2nd antennal segment
subglobose, irregularly beset with sense organs (plaques).
Thorax.
Pronotum short, posterior margin deeply incised, ca. 1.2 times wider than head, with
HOCH
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long. Tegmina and wings well developed. Tegmina hyaline, translucent, shallowly
tectiform, in repose surpassing tip of abdomen with ca. 1/3 their total length. Tegmen ca.
2.5 times longer than maximally wide, apex of outer subapical cell slightly proximad of
apex of inner subapical cell, intercubital transverse veinlet entering margin of tegmen
distinctly distad of claval suture, longitudinal veins inconspicuously granulate.
Metatibiae laterally with 3 strong spines, distally with (5–)6 spines, arranged in an oblique
row, lateral spine more strongly pronounced. Metabasitarsus only slightly longer than 2nd
and 3rd metatarsal joints together, distally with (6–)7 spines; 2nd metatarsal joint distally
with (7–)8 spines. Metatarsal joints without macrochaetae (platellae).
Male genital complex.
Genital segment bilaterally symmetrical; posterior margin in lateral aspect broadly
rounded; medioventral process helmet-shaped, produced with a sharp ridge posteriorly
into a pointed tip, dorsally rounded. Anal segment hood-shaped, bilaterally symmetrical,
longish ovate, ventrally concave. Parameres in lateral aspect wide at base, distally
narrowing and apically broadening into a bluntly triangular portion, medially bearing a
strongly developed ridge. Aedeagus. Shaft with two spinose processes. Flagellum long, in
repose reaching base of shaft.
Female genitalia.
Caudal margin of 7th sternite shallowly sinuate, medially slightly convex, produced
into a shallow lobe. Ovipositor short, stout, in repose directed straight caudad. 9th tergite
truncate, caudally concave, with wax producing area distinct, medially not divided. Anal
segment longish ovate, with lateral margins nearly parallel, narrow at base, ventrally not
concave.
Etymology
Named for the type locality, Mt. Manureva on Rurutu. The gender is masculine.
Remarks
Manurevana gen.nov. can be distinguished from other pentastirine genera by bodily
proportions, shape and arrangement of spines of the metatarsi (7, 8, no platellae),
and the configuration of the male genitalia.
Manurevana draconarius (Fennah, 1958) comb. nov.
(figs 92–100)
Oliarus draconarius Fennah, 1958: 130
Supplementay description.
Body length.
Male. 4.1 – 4.3 mm (n=4). Female. 5.2 mm (n=1).
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Coloration.
Area of vertex, areolets, frons, and clypeus dark brown, carination of head
stramineous. Pronotum with discoidal and ventral areas brownish, median and lateral
carinae as well as posterior margin stramineous. Mesonotum chestnut-brown, longitudinal
carinae stramineous. Tegulae stramineous. Tegmina hyaline, translucent, venation
stramineous, not contrasting, without any conspicuous color pattern; costal vein slightly
darker, pterostigma indistinct. Abdomen dark brown. Legs stramineous.
Proportions and carination of head and thorax, venation of tegmina, as well as
spinulation of hind legs as described for the genus.
Male genital complex (figs 92 – 100).
Genital segment (figs 92, 93), anal segment (figs 94, 95) and parameres (figs 96, 97)
as described for the genus. Aedeagus (figs 98 – 100): shaft with a long, compress spine
arising at midlength of shaft right laterally, directed apically, curved mediad, and a short,
acute spine, arising medioventrally, curved basad. Flagellum with 2 spinose processes: a
short, slender, moveable spine arising at flagellum base, in repose directed dorsolaterad,
and a long, hook-shaped spine arising left laterally from flagellum base, in repose curved
more or less semicircularly mediolaterad to right.
Female genital complex. As described for the genus.
Distribution
Endemic to Austral Islands: Rurutu.
Ecology
Native vegetation in a wet gulch near ridge top, with Cyathea medullaris,
Metrosideros collina, Aleurites spec., Cyrtandra elizabethiae, mixed fern understory
(D.M. Percy, pers. communication).
Material examined
Holotype : Austral Islands: Rurutu Island, S.W. slope Mt. Manureva, elev. 1000 ft,
25.VIII.1934, D. Anderson leg., BPBM (type nr 2627); paratype : same data as holotype
(except type nr).
Additional material. 3 , Rurutu, Pito ridge track, 17.II. 2003, D. M. Percy leg.,
BPBM; 3 , 2 , Manureva ridge, between Taatioe and Teape, 18.II.2003, D. M. Percy,
BPBM.
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FIGURES 92–100. Manurevana draconarius (Fennah, 1958). Male genitalia. 92, genital segment, left lateral
aspect; 93, same, ventral aspect; 94, anal segment, dorsal aspect; 95, same, left lateral aspect; 96, left paramere,
maximal aspect; 97, same, dorsal aspect; 98, aedeagus, ventral aspect; 99, same, right lateral aspect; 100,
dorsal aspect. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
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Concluding remarks and perspectives
Based on morphological evidence, the Pentastirini from the Society, Austral, and Cook
Islands can be assigned to two distinct morphological groups: Oteana from the Society
(Tahiti, Moorea, Huahine, and Raiatea) and Cook Islands (Rarotonga); and Manurevana
from the Austral Islands (Rurutu). It is hypothesized here that the two groups represent
two separate lineages which independently colonized the islands. Their current
biogeographic pattern is characterized by high levels of local endemism: all Oteana and
Manurevana species are single-island endemics.
In one of these lineages, Oteana, inter- as well as intra-island speciation is observed.
Except for Moorea and Tahiti, the larger and ecologically more diverse islands (which
support 2 and 8 species, respectively), the smaller islands (Rarotonga, Huahine, Raiatea)
each support only one species.
The other evolutionary lineage, Manurevana, is represented by a single species,
Manurevana draconarius, which is endemic to Rurutu, Austral Islands. Certain
morphological similarities to the Pentastirini species from the Marquesas Islands (still
assigned to “Oliarus”; Fennah 1958) are observed, especially pertaining to the general
configuration of the male copulatory organ, the aedeagus. On the basis of the current
information, however, it cannot be decided whether Manurevana draconarius is indeed an
isolated colonization or part of the radiation observed in the Marquesas Islands.
A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Pentastirini from the Pacific and
adjacent continental areas is needed to address the following questions:
Which taxa found on other Pacific Island archipelagos (e.g., the Marquesas, Hawaii)
and Pacific rim continental areas (SE-Asia, Australia, South America) are putative
adelphotaxa to Oteana and Manurevana ?
Which are the likely geographical source areas of the colonizing lineages?
Which speciation patterns underlie the currently observed biogeographic distribution
of Oteana species?
The current distribution of Oteana species suggests two major patterns of speciation:
progressive colonization from older to younger islands may account for interisland
speciation, while (adaptive) radiation may have occurred on Tahiti and, to a lesser degree,
on Moorea.
On Tahiti, 5 of the 8 Oteana species occur on Tahiti Nui as well as on Tahitit Iti; only
O. aorai, O. ata, und O. pouvana are known only from Tahiti Nui. The most common and
possibly ecologically diverse species is O. euphranor, occurring from 600–1650 m on
native vegetation. In the two localities which have been extensively sampled by various
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euphranor co-occurs with 7 (and 4, respectively) other Oteana species. There appears to
be no obvious evidence for ecological differentiation (e.g., host plant or macrohabitat
preference or altitudinal zonation) of the adults. It is conceivable, however, that the
nymphal stages which—like all cixiid nymphs—live underground, have specialized to
adapt to particular hosts. An alternative model to autochthoneous radiation are repeated
cycles of colonization and subsequent speciation. Eventually, the co-occurrence of as
much as eight Oteana species on Mt Aorai could even be the result of anthropogenic
influence: As the native vegetation in lower altitudes (below ca. 900 m) has been
significantly altered by invading plant species (most prevalent on Tahiti: by Miconia
calvescens (Melastomaceae; see Mueller-Dombois & Fosberg [1998]), Oteana species
which may have originally inhabited lower altitude plant communities may have been
forced to seek refuge at higher altitudes where native vegetation is still extant. Similar
phenomena have been observed in Hawaii (see Cuddihy & Stone 1990).
Acknowledgements
I would like to express my sincere thanks to G.M. Nishida, Essig Museum of Natural
History, Berkeley, California, and A. Ramsdale, former collection managers at Bishop
Museum, Honolulu, and to D.M. Percy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, for
loan of material. I am also very grateful to N. Hoff, graphic artist, Museum für
Naturkunde, Berlin, for providing the habitus drawing; and to V. Hartung and A. Wessel,
who kindly helped with image processing. A great big mahalo goes to M. Asche, Museum
für Naturkunde, Berlin, for his constructive criticism of the manuscript, for his advice, and
for his encouragement whenever the going gets tough. This publication is a contribution to
the “Biodiversity and Evolution of Fulgoromorpha”—a global Research Initiative
(BEFRI) (http://bach.snv.jussieu.fr/befri/).
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