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Genetic variation of five blood polymorphisms in ten populations of Assam India
Abstract
Six Mongoloid and four Caucasoid populations of Assam, India, were examined for A1A2BO, Rhesus, Duffy and Diego blood groups. The distribution of their phenotypes and allele frequencies are presented. In the
perspective of the ethnographic background, the results have been discussed in terms of genetic variability among these populations
and probable reasons for its existence. The major groups, namely Caucasoids and Mongoloids, appear to form two separate groups
in terms of these blood groups, though evidence is there to suggest intermixture.
... The present cross-sectional investigation was conducted among 150 Karbi tribal (Das et al., 1987). They contribute a large segment to the social and economic well-being of the state and of the country as a whole. ...
Women are generally vulnerable to undernutrition especially during pregnancy and lactation where the food and nutrient requirements are more during that period. The demographic consequences of the lower status in women have found expression in various forms such as female infanticide, higher mortality rate for women compared to men, lower sex ratio, literacy rate in female, lower level of employment of women as compared to men. The present investigation attempts to understand the health and nutritional status among indigenous Karbi tribal women of Karbi Anglong, Assam, Northeast India. The present community based cross-sectional investigation was undertaken among 150 Karbi women (aged 20-49 years) residing in rural areas of Diphu, Karbi Anglong Assam, using stratified random sampling method. Data on the anthropometric, socio-economic and demographic variable were collected using pre-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were recorded using standard anthropometric procedures and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using equation, BMI=Weight/Height2 kg/m2. The nutritional status was assessed using proposed BMI classification for Asia Pacific population (WHO, 2000). The overall prevalence of obesity, overweight and undernutrition was observed to be 34.00%, 16.67% and 10.67%, respectively. The total prevalence of abortion or miscarriage and still births were observed to be 18.66% and 9.33%, respectively. Prevalence of abortion and still births were observed to be higher among obese women (p>0.05). Several socio-economic and demographic factors were not significantly associated with the nutritional status (p<0.05). There is scope of necessary improvement of the present health and nutritional status by introducing appropriate healthcare intervention strategies among women.
... Achoubi et al. (2012) performed a genetic study, using mutated haemoglobin E as a genetic marker, on a population of north-eastern Indians suffering from haemoglobinopathies. The study highlights similarities in the genetic stock of the current north-eastern Indian population with the 'mongoloids' and their possible migration from China (Das et al. 1987). Linguistic studies also suggest that Tibeto-Burman was the most commonly used language in north-east India. ...
Background: Sitting height (SH) and leg length (LL) help in assessing disproportionate growth. Anthropometric dissimilarity has been observed in different ethnicities.
Aim: To (1) study sitting height and body proportions in children from different regions of India; and (2) compare sitting height and body proportions with data from other countries.
Subjects and methods: This was a cross-sectional multicentric observational study, where 7961 (4328 boys) 3–18 year old children from five regions (north, south, east, west and central) were measured (height, weight and SH).
Results: Boys from north India and girls from central India were taller and heavier (mean height 153.2 ± 18, 146.4 ± 11), while western boys and girls were the shortest (131.1 ± 20.7, 129.8 ± 19.5) (p < 0.05 for all). The highest SH was observed in the north (79.2 ± 8.5) and the lowest in the west (68.8 ± 9.1). Mean SH:LL ratio was highest in children from the northeast (1.13) followed by those from western, northern and central India (1.12, 1.10 and 1.07, respectively) and the ratio was the least in children from south India (1.05) (p < 0.0.5 for all except northeast and west). Children from the north and west were similar to the Dutch, children from the south were similar to South (black) Africans and the north-eastern children were similar to Chinese children.
Conclusion: There were inter-regional differences in body proportions; similarities in body proportions with children from other ethnicities may throw light on the migration history of Indian people.
... The affinity and/or diversity and the microevolutionary nature of these groups have evoked considerable interest among the anthropologists and population geneticists. Several workers have studied the genetic diversity among some localized groups using classical genetic polymorphisms to understand the genetic structure and microevolution in northeast part of India (Das and Deka 1985;Walter 1986;Das et al. 1987;Chakraborty et al. 1986;Deka et al. 1988;Roychoudhury 1992;Bhasin et al. 1994). For example, investigating the genetic relationship based on available classical gene frequency data between four sets of populations of different castes and ethnicity Roychoudhury (1992) observed that "all the Mongoloid affiliated populations in eastern India show genetic similarity with respect to geographical proximity, no matter whether they originated from the same tribal group or same linguistic family in the past". ...
... The affinity and/or diversity and the microevolutionary nature of these groups have evoked considerable interest among the anthropologists and population geneticists. Several workers have studied the genetic diversity among some localized groups using classical genetic polymorphisms to understand the genetic structure and microevolution in northeast part of India (Das and Deka 1985;Walter 1986;Das et al. 1987;Chakraborty et al. 1986;Deka et al. 1988;Roychoudhury 1992;Bhasin et al. 1994). For example, investigating the genetic relationship based on available classical gene frequency data between four sets of populations of different castes and ethnicity Roychoudhury (1992) observed that "all the Mongoloid affiliated populations in eastern India show genetic similarity with respect to geographical proximity, no matter whether they originated from the same tribal group or same linguistic family in the past". ...
... The affinity and/or diversity and the microevolutionary nature of these groups have evoked considerable interest among the anthropologists and population geneticists. Several workers have studied the genetic diversity among some localized groups using classical genetic polymorphisms to understand the genetic structure and microevolution in northeast part of India (Das and Deka 1985;Walter 1986;Das et al. 1987;Chakraborty et al. 1986;Deka et al. 1988;Roychoudhury 1992;Bhasin et al. 1994). For example, investigating the genetic relationship based on available classical gene frequency data between four sets of populations of different castes and ethnicity Roychoudhury (1992) observed that "all the Mongoloid affiliated populations in eastern India show genetic similarity with respect to geographical proximity, no matter whether they originated from the same tribal group or same linguistic family in the past". ...
... The affinity and/or diversity and the microevolutionary nature of these groups have evoked considerable interest among the anthropologists and population geneticists. Several workers have studied the genetic diversity among some localized groups using classical genetic polymorphisms to understand the genetic structure and microevolution in northeast part of India (Das and Deka 1985;Walter 1986;Das et al. 1987;Chakraborty et al. 1986;Deka et al. 1988;Roychoudhury 1992;Bhasin et al. 1994). For example, investigating the genetic relationship based on available classical gene frequency data between four sets of populations of different castes and ethnicity Roychoudhury (1992) observed that "all the Mongoloid affiliated populations in eastern India show genetic similarity with respect to geographical proximity, no matter whether they originated from the same tribal group or same linguistic family in the past". ...
Introduction: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder characterised by progressive, irreversible muscle weakness. It is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin or DMD gene, leading to the absence of the essential muscle protein Dystrophin in DMD. Muscle strength continually diminishes, and death usually occurs from chronic respiratory insufficiency and/or cardiac failure. Due to the high mortality rate, early diagnosis is crucial to allow appropriate planning for patient care and treatment. In India, the traditional multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay is the most common method to detect Dystrophin gene deletion mutations. Aim: To describe the spectrum of deletion patterns in the dystrophin gene in muscular dystrophy patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 53 suspected DMD patients attending the Department of Neurology and Department of Paediatrics at Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India from January 2016 to December 2022. Multiplex PCR was performed to study the deletion patterns for the 25 most common exons of the DMD gene for all patients at the Genetic lab, Department of Anatomy. Deletion mutations at different multiple exons were found, and the results were statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to calculate the mean and standard deviation. The results were presented in tabular form as percentages. Results: Out of the 53 cases suspected to have DMD on the basis of clinical presentation and high serum Creatine Kinase (CK) levels, 34 patients (64.2%) showing deletion mutations in the 25 most common exons of the DMD gene were included in the study. Deletions were most common in 15 (44.1%) patients in the distal hotspot region of exons 44-55. The most common gene deleted was exon 50 in 11 (32.4%) patients. The age at which symptoms were noticed was 4.7±2.01 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.4±2.4 years. Conclusion: In the present study, most patients suspected of DMD based on clinical and laboratory findings had deletions in the DMD gene, with the most common region for deletion in the dystrophin gene being the distal hotspot region, and exon 50 being the most commonly deleted.
A genetical study of the Sonowal Kachari was carried out with a view to understand the genetic differentiate within and between the Kacheri tribes of Assam. The results were compared with those reported on other Kachari and cognate populations of Assam.
Anthropometric characters of seven endogamous groups, namely, the Muslim. Brahmin. Kalita. Kaibarta. Kumar. Jogi and Hira of Assam have been examined to study the numerical taxonomy and group divergence using the methodology of Penrose (1947, 1954) and Rao (1952). The study reveals three distinct clusters. Out of seven groups, the Brahmin and Muslim independently form two clustres i.e. B and C respectively. whereas the rest i.e. the non-Brahmin Hindus namely the Hira. Kaibarta. Jogi Kumar and Kalita together form another cluster (i.e. A). Both the Brahmin and Muslim maintain considerable distance from the non-Brahmin Hindu groups. However, it appears that the distance between the Brahmin and the non-Brahmin Hindu groups is much shorter (distance between B and A is 0.8899), than that between the Muslim and the non-Brahmin groups (distance between C and A is 1.0620). This finding more or less agrees with the known ethnic history of the endogamous groups included in the present study.
Polymorphisms at four mini-satellite loci (D1S7, D4S139, D5S110 and D17S79) were examined to assess the genetic relationship among five contiguous and socio-culturally distinct ethnic populations (Meitei, Kuki, Naga, Hmar and Manipuri Muslim) in northeastern India. All the studied loci were highly polymorphic, with almost no departure from HW-equilibrium. Heterozygosity values among the five groups for the minisatellite range from 68% to 94%. The gene differentiation for the VNTR loci was moderate (Gst = 0.030). Neighboring joining method of clustering suggests a close cluster for the tribal groups of Kuki, Naga and Hmar, while Manipur Muslim is distinct from other populations. The results show that geographic proximity has the least influence on genetic variation and support the results obtained from the traditional markers that northeast Mongoloid populations show genetic affinity irrespective of their linguistic background and geographic proximity.
An attempt has been made to measure the genetic distances in respect of AB0 blood group genes among four castes, namely, Brahmin,
Kalita, Baisya and Kaibarta, in Assam, India. The results reveal that the Kaibarta are distinct from the other three castes,
who show no significant differences.
Die genetischen Abstände bezüglich der AB0-Blutgruppen wurden zwischen vier Kasten (Brahmin; Kalita; Baisya; Kaibarta) in
Assam, Indien, berechnet. Die Kaibarta weichen von den üblichen Kasten signifikant ab; diese zeigen Ähnlichkeiten miteinander.
The paper deals with variation with regard to certain physical traits like AB0 blood groups, cerumen type, cross section of head hair, finger patterns and anthropometric characters in three Assamese caste populations, namely Brahmin, Kalita and Kaibarta representing three strata of the Assamese caste society. The study reveals that in respect of AB0 blood groups, cerumen type and finger patterns the Kaibartas stand apart from the Brahmin and Kalita, who are similar to one another. With regard to the other traits a different picture is observed. When the castes are arranged in hierarcheal order, the hair becomes coarser from the Brahmin to the Kaibarta through the Kalita. The metric values also can be arranged in a similar manner when certain values show a decrease from the lower to higher caste and others increase. While dealing with the nature of variation an attempt has also been made to look for the possible reasons. It appears that a host of factors like ethnic migration, inflow of genes, isolation are involved to cause variation.
14 population groups of Sikkim (India)--Lepchas (2), Bhutias (2), Sherpas, Tamangs, Gurungs, Mangars, Rais, Limboos/Subbas, Pradhans (Newars), Brahmans, Chhetris, Scheduled Castes--have been studied in regard of the intra- and intergroup variability of colour blindness, ear lobe attachment, mid-phalangeal hair and behavioural traits (tongue folding, hand clapsing, arm folding, leg folding, handedness). Some of these variables show a considerable distribution heterogeneity, which is discussed considering history and marriage patterns of these populations. As most of them are highly endogamous one can assume that this heterogeneity is caused by locally acting factors such as drift and/or founder effects, which could be preserved due to as good as lacking gene flow among the populations under study. Beyond that the Sikkim data are compared briefly with those reported for other Indian and Asiatic populations.
Genetic polymorphism of 16 red-cell antigens, enzymes, serum proteins and Hb variants was investigated in 214 male and female individuals belonging to the Meiteis and a Brahmin caste group living in Imphal (Manipur, Northeast India). Ethnohistorical records suggest that the Meiteis are of Mongoloid origin, while the original Brahmin settlers represent the easternmost part of the so-called Caucasoids. The markers studied are: A1A2BO, MNSs, Rh-system, Duffy, Diego; Gm, Km, Gc, Hp, Tf, Cp; Hb; aP, AK, EsD and LDH. The comparison between the two groups on the basis of the markers studied showed that the Meiteis and Brahmins are very close to each other with respect to most of the loci except Gm, EsD and Hb, where significant statistical differences were found.
Five regional groups of the Kalitas, an Assamese caste group, have been investigated for the distribution of anthropometric and dermatoglyphic traits as well as for the distribution of ABO blood groups and PTC taste sensitivity. The intergroup variability is to some extent considerable. The possible reasons for that are discussed.