Content uploaded by Hong Liu
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Hong Liu on May 04, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island:
A Checklist
Javier Francisco-Ortega
1,2
&Fa-Guo Wang
3,12
&Zhong-Sheng Wang
4
&
Fu-Wu Xing
4
&Hong Liu
5,2
&Han Xu
6
&Wei-Xiang Xu
3
&Yi-Bo Luo
7
&
Xi-Qiang Song
8
&Stephan Gale
9
&David E. Boufford
10
&Mike Maunder
1,2,11
&
Shu-Qing An
4,12
1
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
2
Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, Miami, FL
33156, USA
3
South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People’s Republic of
China
4
Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Global Change, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing
210093, People’s Republic of China
5
Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
6
Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, People’s
Republic of China
7
Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of
China
8
Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Plant Resources and Genetic Improvement, Hainan University,
Haikou 570228, People’s Republic of China
9
Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden, Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR,
People’s Republic of China
10
Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
11
Al Ain Wildlife Park and Resort, PO Box 1204, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
12
Author for Correspondence; e-mail: wangfg@scib.ac.cn; anshq@nju.edu.cn
Published online: 12 June 2010
#The New York Botanical Garden 2010
Abstract Global conservation of plant biodiversity on tropical islands is a major
priority, as approximately one third of all endangered plant species are insular
endemics. Checklists can be an important first step in determining conservation
priorities on islands. Hainan, the largest island in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity
Hotspot, and therefore an international focus for conservation, has the most
extensive and best preserved tropical forests in China. In this study we enumerate
the endemic seed plants of Hainan Island. The checklist was prepared by consulting:
(1) several bibliographic/taxonomic data base resources, (2) relevant taxonomic
treatments and floras, and (3) plant taxonomists who are actively working with
Chinese plants. The checklist also contains information concerning conservation
status, the occurrence of Hainan endemics in four protected areas on the island, and
available molecular phylogenies. An additional checklist of the species that were
until recently thought to be endemic to Hainan, but are no longer considered to be, is
also presented. In a separate paper in this issue of Botanical Review the patterns of
endemism on Hainan Island are discussed.
Bot. Rev. (2010) 76:295–345
DOI 10.1007/s12229-010-9054-8
Keywords Floristic Inventories .Tropical Islands .Asia .China .
Plant Conservation .Plant Biodiv ersity .IUCN
Introduction
Plants on tropical and subtropical islands are not only speciation paradigms but are
well known because many of them are on the verge of extinction (Whittaker &
Fernández-Palacios, 2007). About one in six vascular plant species grows on oceanic
islands, and one in three of all endangered plants is an insular endemic (World
Conservation Monitoring Centre, 1992). One of the most extraordinary features of
islands is that they harbor a high number of endemics within a very small area
(Kruckeberg & Rabinowitz, 1985). It is, therefore, not surprising that 10 of the 34
biodiversity hotspots are islands (Mittermeier et al., 2004).
Despite their biological importance and conservation priority, there is an urgent
need for floristic inventories of islands (Campbell & Hammond, 1989). Major
insular systems from the tropics, such as the Caribbean Islands, Philippines,
Madagascar, and Indonesia do not have recent comprehensive floras, or even
checklists of their endemic species. We are aware that developing comprehensive
floras for these islands can be a Herculean task requiring massive resources.
However we argue, that by preparing checklists of insular endemics we are paving
the way for more extensive floristic studies and practical conservation investments.
Checklists can help in establishing conservation actions and priorities and provide a
framework for additional floristic surveys and treatments. More importantly,
checklists of endemics can be instrumental in increasing conservation awareness
among those directly involved in the management of plant biodiversity on these
islands and can provide educational and research tools for environmental biologists
and educators.
In this study, we compiled a checklist of endemic seed plants from Hainan Island.
In a separate paper in this issue of Botanical Review (Francisco-Ortega et al., in
press) we discuss the patterns of endemism on Hainan. Hainan is the second largest
island of China and represents the most important insular element in the Indo-Burma
Biodiversity Hotspot. The island has the most extensive and best preserved tropical
forests in China and therefore is a major priority for conservation (Deng et al., 2008;
Zang & Ding, 2009).
We prepared an initial list of seed plants endemic to Hainan based on the checklist
developed for the indigenous flora of the island by Wu et al. (1994) (see Francisco-
Ortega et al. (In press) for a more extensive discussion of the history of floristic
accounts for Hainan). Consequently we updated the initial list by using several
bibliographic/taxonomic data base resources, including the Catalogue of Life, China
(The Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008), the Kew
Bibliographic Database (Royal Botanic Gardens –Kew, 2009), the International
Plant Name Index (IPNI, 2009), the ISI Web of Knowledge (Thomson Reuters,
2009), the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (World Checklist of Selected
Plant Families, 2009), and the International Legume Database & Information
Service (ILDIS, 2009). We also consulted relevant taxonomic treatments and
available volumes of the Flora of China, including unpublished family drafts posted
296 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
on the Flora of China website (Flora of China, 2009). Additionally, we circulated
early drafts of the final checklist among plant taxonomists who are actively working
with Chinese plants (see acknowledgement section below). The resulting checklist of
seed plants endemic to Hainan is presented in Appendix 1. The checklist also
contains information concerning conservation status, the occurrence of Hainan
endemics in four protected areas, and available molecular phylogenies. We found
that many of the species regarded as endemic to Hainan by Wu et al. (1994) also
occur on the mainland or have since then been merged with other, more widespread
taxa. An additional checklist of the species that were until recently thought to be
endemic to Hainan, but are no longer considered to be, and the reason for their
exclusion, is presented in Appendix 2. Among those species previously thought to
be endemic, 23 of them are reported to be in Vietnam, but not in mainland China.
Acknowledgements The following colleagues validated the checklists presented in this paper, our
gratitude for their time and for sharing with us their unpublished results; B. Bartholomew (Theaceae),
P. Bruyns (Apocynaceae), Z.-Y. Cao (Moraceae), J. Chen (Melastomataceae), T. Chen (Rubiaceae),
Y.-L. Chen (Balsaminaceae, Rhamnaceae), Y.-F. Deng (Acanthaceae), J. Dransfield (Arecaceae), H.-J.
Esser (Euphorbiaceae), P. Fritsch (Styracaceae, Symplocaceae), T.-G. Gao (Asteraceae), X.-F. Gao
(Fabaceae), X.-L. Gong (Balsaminaceae, Boraginaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rhamnaceae), R. Govaerts
(Rubiaceae), S. Hang (Melastomataceae), I. C. Hedge (Lamiaceae), D.-Y. Hong (Campanulaceae), X.-
L. Hou (Annonaceae), C.-F. Hsieh (Eriocaulaceae), C.-M. Hu (Myrsinaceae), L.-G. Lei (Aquifolia-
ceae), H. Li (Araceae), H.-W. Li (Clusiaceae), J. Li (Lauraceae), P.-T. Li (Euphorbiaceae,
Apocynaceae), X.-W. Li (Lauraceae), W.-B. Liao (Hamamelidaceae), Q. Liu (Celastraceae), P. A.
Loizeau (Aquifoliaceae), A. Lu (Juglandaceae), J. Ma (Aristolochiaceae), D. Middleton (Apocyna-
ceae), A. Paton (Lamiaceae), C.-I. Peng (Begoniaceae), H. Peng (Icacinaceae), J. Pipoly
(Myrsinaceae), Y. Qi (Thymelaeaceae), H. Qin (Lardizabalaceae), X.-S. Qin (Begoniaceae,
Euphorbiaceae, Sterculiaceae), H. Robinson (Asteraceae), S. Shi (Hamamelidaceae), G. Staples
(Convolvulaceae), S. Suddee (Lamiaceae), Y. Tang (Elaeocarpaceae, Malvaceae), C. Taylor
(Rubiaceae), R.-J. Wang (Rubiaceae), W.-T. Wang (Boraginaceae, Ranunculaceae), Y.-Z. Wang
(Gesneriaceae), F.-N. Wei (Lauraceae, Myrtaceae), J. Wen (Araliaceae, Leeaceae, Vitaceae), H. Van
Der Werff (Lauraceae), D.-L. Wu (Fabaceae, Lowiaceae, Zingiberaceae) N.-H. Xia (Piperaceae,
Sapindaceae), C. Xiang (Icacinaceae), Q. Xiang (Pinaceae), W.-B. Xu (Ebenaceae), S. Zhang
(Cyperaceae), Z.-Y. Zhang (Solanaceae), Z.-K. Zhou (Fagaceae), X.-Y. Zhuang (Apocynaceae,
Euphorbiaceae), S. Zona (Arecaceae). This is contribution 183 from the Tropical Biology Program of
Florida International University. The Nanjing University (NU) 985 II program supported a research
visit by HL and JF.-O. to the School of Life Science of NU during the summer of 2008. Summer
research funds during 2008 and 2009 from Fairchild Tropical Garden supported HL and JF.-O.
studies in China.
Literature Cited
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. An update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for
the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141: 399–436.
Besnard, G., R. Rubio de Casas, P.-A. Christin & P. Vargas. 2009. Phylogenetics of Olea (Oleaceae)
based on plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences: Tertiary climatic shifts and lineage
differentiation times. Ann. Bot. 104: 143–160.
Campbell, D. G. & H. D. Hammond (eds). 1989. Floristic inventory of tropical countries: the status of
plant systematics, collections, and vegetation, plus recommendations for the future. The New York
Botanical Garden, New York.
Chang, M.-C., L. Q. Qiu & P. S. Green. 1996. Oleaceae. Pp 272-319 In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 297
Chen, C.-J., I. Friis & C. M. Wilmot-Dear. 2003. Dendrocnide Miquel. Pp. 88-90 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H.
Raven & D. Y. Young (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & A. K. Monro. 2003. Pilea Lindley. Pp. 92-121 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Young (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chen, J. & J. J. Pipoly III. 1996. Myrsinaceae. Pp. 1-38 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of
China Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & L. A. Craven. 2007. Myrtaceae. Pp. 321-359 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & S. S. Renner. 2007. Melastomataceae. Pp. 360-399 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chen, J.-Q., L. Li, J. Li & H.-S. Li. 2009. Bayesian inference of nrDNA ITS sequences from Machilus
(Lauraceae) and its systematic significance. Acta Bot. Yun. 31: 117–126.
Chen, S., H. Ma, Y. Feng, G. Barriera & P.-A. Loizeau. 2008a. Aquifoliaceae. Pp. 359-438 In Z. Y.
Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae).
Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— & J. A. N. Parnell. 2008b. Polygalaceae. Pp. 139-159 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chen, S.-C. & A. Bell. 2009. Vanda W. Jones ex R. Brown. Pp. 471-474 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D.
Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chen, S.-C, S. W. Gale & P. J. Cribb. 2009a. Didymoplexiopsis Seidenfaden. P. 207 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H.
Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,———,——— & P. Ormerod. 2009b. Hetaeria Blume. Pp. 65-67 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven &
D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, Y.-B. Luo & J. J. Wood. 2009c. Campanulorchis Brieger In Brieger et al.. Pp. 346 in Z. Y. Wu,
P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— &———.2009d. Dendrolirium Blume. Pp. 350-351 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, P. Ormerod & J. J. Wood. 2009e. Liparis Richard. Pp. 211-228 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D.
Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & M. N. Tamura. 2000. Ophiopogon Ker Gawler. Pp. 252-261 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 24 (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & J. J. Vermeulen. 2009. Bulbophyllum Thouars. Pp. 404-440 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & J. J. Wood. 2009a. Tainia Blume. Pp. 281-285 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press,
St. Louis.
——— &———.2009b. Ceratostylis Blume. Pp. 360-361 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2009c. Oxystophyllum Blume. Pp. 358-359 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2009d. Phalaenopsis Blume. Pp. 478-483 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
298 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
——— &———.2009e. Schoenorchis Blume. Pp. 452-453 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2009f. Thrixspermum Loureiro. Pp. 466-470 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 25 (Orchidaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
Chen, S.-L. & M. G. Gilbert. 1994. Verbenaceae. Pp. 1-49 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of
China Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & P. M. Peterson. 2006. Eragrostis Wolf. Pp. 471-479 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press,
St. Louis.
——— & S. M. Phillips. 2006a. Arthraxon P. Beauvois. Pp. 616-621 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2006b. Digitaria Haller. Pp. 539-547 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St.
Louis.
——— &———.2006c. Polytrias Hackel in Engler & Prantl. Pp. 592-593 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven &
D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2006d. Urochloa P. Beauvois. Pp. 523-524 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press,
St. Louis.
——— & S. A. Renvoize. 2006. Panicum Linnaeus. Pp. 504-510 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press,
St. Louis.
Chen, T. & H. Zhu. 2009. Rubiaceae (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the internet at: http://
www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Chen, T.-C & K. Larsen. 2009. Dalbergia Linnaeus f. (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the
internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
——— & L. Pedley. 2009. Derris Loureiro (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the internet at:
http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Chen, Y. & A. Anderberg. 2009. Asteraceae. Tribe Inuleae (draft for Flora of China project). Available
on the internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Chen, Y.-L. & C. Schirarend. 2007. Rhamnaceae. Pp. 115-1688 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chiu, H.-H. & L. J. Gillespie. 2008. Cnesmone Blume. Pp 255–256 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & M. G. Gilbert. 2008a. Claoxylon A. Jussieu. Pp 245–246 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———. 2008b. Macaranga Du Petit-Thouars. Pp 237–240 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———. 2008c. Mallotus Loureiro. Pp 225–237 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Chu, C.-D., D. Li & C. Stapleton. 2006. Pseudosasa Makino ex Nakai. Pp 115–121 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H.
Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity. 1998. China’s biodiversity: a country study. Environmental
Science Press, Beijing, China.
CSIS. 2009. China species red list. China Species Information Service. Available on the internet at: http://
www.chinabiodiversity.com/redlist/search/indexe.shtm.
Dai, L. 2009. Hypolytrum Richard in Persoon (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the internet
at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 299
———, S.-J. Liang, S. Zhang & T. Koyama. 2009. Carex Linnaeus (draft for Flora of China project).
Available on the internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Deng, F., R. Zang & B. Chen. 2008. Identification of functional groups in an old-growth tropical
montane rain forest on Hainan Island. China. Forest Ecol. Manag. 255: 1820–1830.
Fan, Q., W.-B. Liao & R.-H. Miau. 2007. A new species of Rhaphiolepis (Rosaceae) from Hainan
Island, China. Novon 17: 429–432.
Fang, M. & D. F. Chamberlain. 2005. Rhododendron subsect Argyrophylla (Tagg) Sleumer. Pp. 368-375
In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 14 (Apiaceae through Ericaceae).
Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Fang, R.-C. & G. Staples. 1995. Convolvulaceae. Pp. 271-325 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of
China Vol. 16 (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & P. F. Stevens. 2005. Lyonia Nuttall. Pp. 461-464 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 14 (Apiaceae through Ericaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
Flora of China. 2009. Flora of China project. Available on the internet at: http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/.
Francisco-Ortega, J., Z.-S. Wang, F.-G. Wang, F.-W. Xing, H. Liu, H. Xu, W.-X. Xu, Y.-B. Luo, D. E.
Boufford, M. Maunder & S.-Q. An. In press. Seed plant endemicity on Hainan Island: a framework
for conservation actions. Bot. Rev.
Fritsch, P. W., B. C. Cruz, F. Almeda, Y. Wang & S. Shi. 2006. Phylogeny of Symplocos based on
DNA sequences of the chloroplast trnC-trnD intergenic region. Syst. Bot. 31: 181–192.
Fu, G.-A. 2003. Notes on three species of Lingnania from Hainan Island. Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 23: 12–
13.
Fu, L.-K. & J.-M. Jin. 1992. China plant red data book—Rare and endangered plants, volume 1. Science
Press, Beijing, China.
———, N. Li & R. R. Mill. 1999. Pinaceae. Pp 11–52 In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of China
Vol. 4 (Cycadaceae through Fagaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press,
St. Louis.
Gao, X.-F. & B. D. Schrire. 2009. Indigofera Linnaeus (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the
internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Govaerts, R. 2003a. World checklist of Lamiaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew. Available on the internet at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.
——— 2003b. World checklist of Zingiberaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew. Available on the internet at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.
——— & D. A. Simpson. 2007. World checklist of Cyperaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available on the internet at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/.
———, M. Ruhsam, L. Andersson, E. Robbrecht, D. Bridson, A. Davis, I. Schanzer & B. Sonké.
2009. World checklist of Rubiaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Available on the internet at: http://www.kew.org/wcsp/rubiaceae/.
Guo, Z.-H., Y.-Y. Chen & D.-Z. Li. 2002. Phylogenetic studies on the Thamnocalamanus group and
its allies (Gramineae: Bambusoideae) based on ITS sequence data. Molec. Phylog. Evol. 22: 20–
30.
Han, R.-L., D.-X. Zhang & G. Hao. 2006. Two new species of Viscum (Viscaceae) from China. Nordic J.
Bot. 23: 719–724.
He, S.-Y., P.-T. Li, J.-Y. Lin & M.-L. Zeng. 2009a. A new species of Hoya (Apocynaceae,
Asclepiadoideae) from Hainan, China. Novon 19: 357–359.
———,———,——— & X.-H. Yang. 2009b. Hoya persinicoronaria (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae)
a new species from Hainan, China. Novon 19: 475–478.
Henderson, A. & L. Guo. 2008. The palms of Hainan. Palms 52: 41–45.
Hong, D.-Y., H.-B. Yang, C.-L. Jin & N. H. Homgren. 1998. Scrophulariaceae. Pp 1–212 In:Z.Y.Wu
& P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 18 (Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae). Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Hong, Y.-P., Z.-D. Chen & A.-M. Lu. 2001. Phylogeny of the tribe Menispermeae (Menispermaceae)
reconstructed by ITS sequence data. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 39: 97–104.
Hop, V. V. & V. X. Phuong. 2005. Two new species of the genus Solanum L. (Solanaceae Juss.) for the
flora of Vietnam. J. Biol. (Vietnam) 27: 12–15.
Hu, J.-Q. 2009. Acanthaceae (minus Strobilanthes) (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the
internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
300 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Huang, C.-C., Y.-T. Zhang & B. Bartholomew. 1999. Fagaceae. Pp. 314-400 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 4 (Cycadaceae through Fagaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Huang, P.-H. & H. Van Der Werff. 2008. Neolitsea (Bentham & J. D. Hooker) Merrill. Pp. 105-118 In
Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 7 (Menispermaceae through
Capparaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Huang, S. 1997. Caesalpiniaceae nom. conserv. Pp. 408-493 In S. Chen (ed.), Flora Yunnanica Vol. 8.
Science Press, Beijing.
Huang, S.-M. & J. Grimes. 1996. Styracaceae. Pp. 253-271 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of
China Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
Ickert-Bond, S. M., K. B. Pigg & J. Wen. 2007. Comparative infructescence morphology in Altingia
(Altingiaceae) and discordance between morphological and molecular phylogenies. Amer. J. Bot. 94:
1094–1115.
ILDIS. 2009. Legume web. International legume database & information service. Available on the
internet at: http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb.
IPNI. 2009. International plant names index. Available on the internet at: http://www.ipni.org.
IUCN. 2001. IUCN red list categories and criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. Available on
the internet at: http://www.redlist.org.
———. 2009. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Available on the internet at: http://www.
iucnredlist.org/.
Jiang, H., X. Song, W. Liao, T. Li, Y. Wu, J. Jing, F. Zhou, S. Dong, Z. Yi, G. Zhou, B. Song & M.
Ke. 2006a. The biodiversity and its conservation of Diaoluo Mountain, Hainan. Guangdong Science
and Technology Press, Guangzhou.
Jiang, R.-W., P.-M. Hon, Y.-T. Xu, Y.-M. Chan, H.-X. Xu, P.-C. Shaw & P. Pui-Hay But. 2006b.
Isolation and chemotaxonomic significance of tuberostemospironine-type alkaloids from Stemona
tuberose. Phytochemistry 67: 52–57.
Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden. 2001. Report of rapid biodiversity assessments at Bawangling
National Nature Reserve and Wangxia Limestone Forest, Western Hainan, 3 to 8 April 1998. South
China Forest Biodiversity Survey Report Series (Online Simplified Version) No. 2. Kadoorie Farm
and Botanic Garden, Hong Kong. Available on the internet at: http://www.kfbg.org.hk/kfb/
introwithreport.xml?fid=167&sid=217&cp=4.
Kim, S., C.-W. Park, Y.-D. Kim & Y. Suh. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships in family Magnoliaceae
inferred from ndhF sequences. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 717–728.
Kress, W. J., A.-Z. Liu, M. Newman & Q.-J. Li. 2005. The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia
(Zingiberaceae): a complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers. Amer. J. Bot. 92: 167–178.
Kruckeberg, A. R. & D. Rabinowitz. 1985. Biological aspects of endemism in higher plants. Ann. Rev.
Ecol. Syst. 16: 447–479.
Lee, S.-K. & T. D. Pennington. 1996. Sapotaceae. Pp 205–214 In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora
of China Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, M. G. Gilbert & F. White. 1996. Ebenaceae. Pp 215–234 In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Lee, S. K.-Y., P.-T. Li, D. T.-W. Lau, P.-P. Yung, R. Y.-C. Kong & W.-F. Fong. 2006. Phylogeny of
medicinal Phyllanthus species in China based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast atpB-rbcL sequences
and multiplex PCR detection assay analysis. Pl. Medica 72: 721–726.
Li, D. & C. Stapleton. 2006. Bambusa subg. Lingnania (McClure) L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung. Pp. 31-35 In
Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing,
and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Li, H. & G. Zhu. 2009. Araceae (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the internet at: http://
www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Li, H.-W. & I. C. Hedge. 1994. Lamiaceae. Pp. 5-299 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of China
Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
———, & P. S. Ashton. 2007. Dipterocarpaceae. Pp. 48-54 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 301
———, J. Li & H. Van Der Werff. 2008a. Alseodaphne Nees in Wallich. Pp. 227-230 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H.
Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 7 (Menispermaceae through Capparaceae). Science
Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— &———.2008b. Beilschmiedia Nees in Wallich. Pp. 232-243 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven
& D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 7 (Menispermaceae through Capparaceae). Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— &———.2008c. Cryptocarya R. Brown. Pp. 247-254 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 7 (Menispermaceae through Capparaceae). Science Press, Beijing,
and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— & P. F. Stevens. 2007. Garcinia Linnaeus. Pp. 40-47 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Li, J.-M. & Y.-Z. Wang. 2007. Phylogenetic reconstruction among species of Chiritopsis and Chirita sect.
Gibbosaccus (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA and cpDNA trnL-F sequences. Syst. Bot. 32: 888–898.
Li, P.-T. 2009. Annonaceae (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the internet at: http://www.foc.
org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
——— & S. Dressler. 2008. Cleistanthus J. D. Hooker ex Planchon. Pp. 172-174 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H.
Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & H.-J. Esser. 2008a. Croton Linnaeus. Pp. 258-264 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2008b. Triadica Loureiro. Pp. 284-285 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & M. G. Gilbert. 2008a. Actephila Blume. Pp. 168-169 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2008b. Blachia Baillon. Pp. 269-270 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2008c. Drypetes Vahl. Pp. 218-221 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2008d. Trigonostemon Blume. Pp. 272-274 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— & W. D. Stevens. 1995a. Asclepiadaceae. Pp. 189-270 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 16 (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & P. Hoffmann. 2008. Antidesma Burman ex Linnaeus. Pp. 209-215 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven &
D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing,
and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & D. J. Middleton. 1995b. Apocynaceae. Pp. 143-188 In Z. Y. Wu & P.
H. Raven (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 16 (Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae). Science Press, Beijing,
and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & M. Vorontsova. 2008. Leptopus Decaisnei in Jacquemont. Pp. 169-172 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H.
Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Li, Z.-M., J. Li & X.-W. Lin. 2006. Polyphyly of the genus Actinodaphne (Lauraceae) inferred from the
analyses on nrDNA ITS and ETS sequences. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 44: 272–285.
Liang, S.-J. & M. N. Tamura. 2000. Aspidistra Ker Gawler. Pp. 240-250 in Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 24 (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Liu, D.-M., R.-Z. Zhou, Q.-W. Zeng & F.-W. Xing. 2009. Magnolia bawangensis sp. nov.
(Magnoliaceae) from Hainan, China. Nordic J.Bot. 27: 4–6.
Liu, Q. & A. M. Funston. 2008a. Glyptopetalum Thwaites. Pp. 463-465 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D.
Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
302 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
——— &———.2008b. Maytenus Molina. Pp. 477-478 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Ma, J. & M. G. Gilbert. 2008. Euphorbia Linnaeus. Pp 288–313 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Mast, A. R., C. L. Willis, E. H. Jones, K. M. Downs & P. H. Weston. 2008. A smaller Macadamia from
a more vagile tribe: inference of phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and diaspore evolution
in Macadamia and relatives (tribe Macadamieae; Proteaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 95: 843–870.
Meng, Q.-W., X.-Q. Song & Y.-B. Luo. 2008. A new species of Gastrodia (Orchidaceae) from Hainan
Island, China and its conservation status. Nord. J. Bot. 25: 23–26.
Min, T.-L. & B. Bartholomew. 2007. Theaceae. Pp 366–478 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Mittermeier, R. A., R. R. Gil, M. Hoffman, J. Pilgrim, T. Brooks, C. G. Mittermeier, J. Lamoreux &
G. A. B. da Fonseca (eds.). 2004. Hotspots revisited: Earth’s biologically richest and most threatened
terrestrial ecoregions. CEMEX, Mexico D.F.
Ng, S.-C. & J.-Y. Lin. 2008. A new distribution record for Trigonobalanus verticillata (Fagaceae) from
Hainan Island, South China. Kew Bull. 63: 341–344.
Ohrnberger, D. 1999. The bamboos of the world. Annotated nomenclature and literature of the species
and the higher and lower taxa. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Holland.
Pei, S.-J., S.-Y. Chen & J. Dransfield. 2009. Arecaceae (draft for Flora of China project). Available on
the internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Peng, H. & A. M. Funston. 2008. Loeseneriella A. C. Smith. Pp 490–491 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D.
Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, & B. Bartholomew. 2008. Munronia Wight. Pp 118–119 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, & C. M. Pannell. 2008. Aglaia Loureiro. Pp 121–124 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Prince, L. M. & C. R. Parks. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Theaceae inferred from chloroplast
DNA sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 88: 2309–2320.
Qin, H. & S. Graham. 2007. Rotala Linnaeus. Pp 283–286 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— & M. G. Gilbert. 2007. Sonneratia Linnaeus f. Pp 283–286 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven &
D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Ren, H. & J. Wen. 2007a. Tetrastigma (Miquel) Planchon in A. Candolle and C. Candolle. Pp 195–208
In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through
Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— &———.2007b. Cissus Linnaeus. Pp 184–188 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Renner, S. S., L.-B. Zhang & J. Murata. 2004. A chloroplast phylogeny of Arisaema (Araceae) illustrates
Tertiary floristic links between Asia, North America, and East Africa. Amer. J. Bot. 91: 881–888.
Robinson, H., S. C. Keeley, J. J. Skvarla & R. Chan. 2008. Studies on the Gymnantheminae
(Vernonieae: Asteraceae) III: restoration of the genus Strobocalyx and the new genus Tarlmounia
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 121: 19–33.
Royal Botanic Gardens –Kew. 2009. Kew bibliographic databases. Available on the internet at: http://
kbd.kew.org/kbd/aboutpage.do.
The Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (eds.). 2008. Catalogue of life China:
2008 annual checklist China. CD-ROM; species 2000 China Node, Beijing, China. Available on the
internet at: http://web.cvh.org.cn/cnnode/search_scientific.php.
Shang, C-B. & P. P. Lowry II. 2007. Araliaceae. Pp 435–491 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 303
Shi, S., H. Jin, Y. Zhong, X. He, Y. Huang, F. Tan & D. E. Boufford. 2000. Phylogenetic
relationships of the Magnoliaceae inferred from cpDNA matK sequences. Theor. Appl. Genet.
101: 925–930.
Smedmark, J. E. E., U. Swenson & A. A. Anderberg. 2006. Accounting for variation of substitution
rates through time in Bayesian phylogeny reconstruction of Sapotoideae (Sapotaceae). Molec. Phylog.
Evol. 39: 706–721.
Staples, G. W. 2010. A checklist of Merremia (Convolvulaceae) in Australasia and the Pacific. Gard.
Bull. Singapore.
Suddee, S. & A. Paton. 2006. Validation of Lamiaceae names. Kew Bull. 61: 619–621.
Sun, K. & R. A. DeFilipps. 2009. Pandanaceae (draft for Flora of China project). Available on the
internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Sun, Y., N. Xia & R. Lin. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of Bambusa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on
internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Biochem. Genet. 43: 603–612.
Sungkaew, S., C. M. A. Stapleton, N. Salamin & T. R. Hodkinson. 2009. Non-monophyly of the
woody bamboos (Bambuseae; Poaceae): a multi-gene region phylogenetic analysis of Bambusoideae
s.s. J. Pl. Res. 122: 95–109.
Tang, Y. & C. Phengklai. 2007. Elaeocarpaceae. Pp 223–239 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, M. G. Gilbert & L. J. Dorr. 2007a. Malvaceae. Pp 264–298 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing,
and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— &———.2007b. Tiliaceae. Pp 240–263 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———,——— &———.2007c. Sterculiaceae. Pp 302–330 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Thomson Reuters. 2009. ISI web of knowledge. Available on the internet at: http://apps.isiknowledge.
com.
Ting, C.-T. & M. G. Gilbert. 2000. Dioscoreaceae. Pp 276–296 In: Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora
of China Vol. 24 (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Wang, C.-P. & C. Stapleton. 2006. Indocalamus Nakai. Pp. 135-143 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y.
Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
Wang, F.-G., X.-S. Qin, H.-F. Chen, R.-J. Zhang, D.-M. Liu & F.-W. Xing. 2006. Endemic plants in
limestone region on Hainan Island. J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 14: 45–54.
Wang, R.-J. 2008. Two new species of Hedyotis (Rubiaceae: Hedyotideae) from Hainan, China. Novon
18: 264–268.
Wang, S. & Y. Xie (eds.). 2004. China species red list. Vol. 1. Red list. Higher Education Press, Beijing,
China.
Wang, W., K. Pan, Z. Li, A. L. Weitzman & L. E. Skog. 1998. Gesneriaceae. Pp. 244-401 In Z. Y. Wu
& P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 18 (Scrophulariaceae through Gesneriaceae). Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, H.-C. Wang & Z.-D. Chen. 2007. Phylogeny and morphological evolution of tribe
Menispermeae (Menispermaceae) inferred from chloroplast and nuclear sequences. Perspec. Pl. Ecol.
Evol. Syst. 8: 141–154.
Wang, Y., P. W. Fritsch, S. Shi, F. Almeda, B. C. Cruz & L. M. Kelly. 2004. Phylogeny and
infrageneric classification of Symplocos (Symplocaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. Amer. J.
Bot. 91: 1901–1914.
Wei, F.-N. & H. Van Der Werff. 2008. Machilus Rumphius ex Nees in Wallich. Pp 201–224 In:Z.Y.
Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 7 (Menispermaceae through Capparaceae).
Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Whittaker, R. & J. M. Fernández-Palacios. 2007. Island biogeography. Ecology, evolution and
conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. 2009. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew. Available on the internet at: //http://www.kew.org/wcsp.
304 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre. 1992. Global biodiversity: status of the Earth’s living
resources. Chapman & Hall, London.
Wu, R.-F. & H. P. Nooteboom. 1996. Symplocaceae. Pp. 235-252 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Wu, T.-L., F.-W. Xing, Z.-X. Li, H.-G. Ye, B.-H. Chen & Y. Zhong. 1994. A checklist of flowering
plants of islands and reefs of Hainan and Guangdong province. Science Press, Beijing, China.
——— & H. Kennedy. 2000. Marantaceae. Pp. 379-382 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of China
Vol. 24 (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
——— & K. Larsen. 2000. Zingiberaceae. Pp. 322-377 In Z. Y. Wu & P. H. Raven (eds.), Flora of China
Vol. 24 (Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Press, St. Louis.
Wu, Z. & S. M. Phillips. 2006. Garnotia Brongniart in Duperrey. Pp. 562-563 In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven
& D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
Xia, N.-H., & C. Stapleton. 2006. Bonia Balansa. Pp 49–50 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press,
St. Louis.
——— & Y.-F. Deng. 2005. Nomenclatural novelties in Justicia Linn. (Acanthaceae) from China. J.
Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 13: 533–534.
——— & P. A. Gadek. 2007. Sapindaceae. Pp 5–24 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora
of China Vol. 12 (Hippocastanaceae through Theaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, Y.-W. Liu & H. P. Nooteboom. 2008. Magnoliaceae. Pp 48–91 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D.
Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 7 (Menispermaceae through Capparaceae). Science Press, Beijing,
and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Xing, F.-W., X. Qin, Y. Zhang & S.-C. Ng. 2004. Current status and conservation of limestone
vegetation and flora of Hainan, China. Pp 296–299 In: O. Batelaan, M. Dusar, J. Masschelein, V. T.
Tam, T. T. Van & N. X. Khien (eds.), Trans-KARST 2004, Proceedings of the International
Transdisciplinary Conference on Development and Conservation of Karst Regions, Hanoi, Vietnam,
13-18.9.2004. Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Xu, B.-Q., G. Hao & X.-Y. Hu. 2005. Pollen morphology of Osmanthus (Oleaceae) in China and its
systematic significance. J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 13: 29–39.
Yang, H.-Q., J.-B. Yang, Z.-H. Peng, J. Gao, Y.-M. Yang, S. Peng & D.-Z. Li. 2008. A molecular
phylogenetic and fruit evolutionary analysis of the major groups of the paleotropical woody bamboos
(Gramineae: Bambusoideae) based on nuclear ITS, GBSSI gene and plastid trnL-F DNA sequences.
Molec. Phylog. Evol. 48: 809–824.
Yang, S.-X., J.-B. Yang, L.-G. Lei, D.-Z. Li, H. Yoshino & T. Ikeda. 2004. Reassessing the
relationships between Gordonia and Polyspora (Theaceae) based on the combined analyses of
molecular data from the nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Pl. Syst. Evol. 248: 45–55.
Ye, H., S. Peng, H. Chen, F. Zeng, F. Wang, H. Cao, Z. Cao, Y. Chen, S. Li, N. Liu, B. Xu, Y. Ye, H.
Yu & L. Zhou. 2006. Plant diversity inventory of Guangdong. Guangdong World Publishing
Corporation, Beijing, China.
Yu, H., N.-H. Xia & H.-G. Ye. 2007. Validation of Prunus hainanensis (Rosaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 25:
31–32.
Zang, R. & Y. Ding. 2009. Forest recovery on abandoned logging roads in a tropical montane rain forest
of Hainan Island, China. Acta Oecol. 35: 462–470.
Zeng, Q., Y. Li, B. Chen, G. Zhou & Z. Wu. 1995. A list of bio-species in Jianfengling of China. China
Forestry Publishing House, Beijing.
Zhang, D & T. G. Hartley. 2008. Murraya J. Koenig ex Linnaeus. Pp. 85-87 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven &
D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing,
and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
——— & D. J. Mabberley. 2008. Citrus Linnaeus. Pp. 90-96 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong
(eds.), Flora of China Vol. 11 (Oxalidaceae through Aceraceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri
Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
———, K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen. 2009. Bauhinia Linnaeus (draft for Flora of China project). Available
on the internet at: http://www.foc.org/china/mss/alphabetical_families.htm.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 305
Appendix 1. List of Endemic Seed Plant Species Currently Recognized on
Hainan Island
As a working taxonomy we have mostly followed the Flora of China series and the
family classifications established by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). We
have assigned to each species the following descriptors:
Bas.: Date of publication of basionym.
Conserv. stat.: Conservation status of endemic species according to Fu and Jin
(1992), Compilation Group of China’sBiodiversity(1998), Yu (1999; List of National
Protected Key Wild Plants (First Batch)), Wang & Xie (2004), IUCN (2009,
abbreviated as IUCN), or CSIS (2009; abbreviated as CSIS). Conservation categories
provided by CSIS and IUCN follow guidelines described by IUCN (2001).
Reserve: Presence of species in the nature reserves of Bawangling, Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling, and Yinggeling (Zeng et al., 1995; Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden,
2001; Jiang et al., 2006a; Bawangling National Nature Reserve, unpublished;
Yinggeling Nature Reserve, unpublished).
Molec.: Species for which molecular phylogenies are available.
Notes: Additional relevant information, such as endemics restricted to limestone
areas (Xing et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2006).
ACANTHACEAE
Cosmianthemum viriduliflorum (C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo) H. S. Lo, Guihaia 17: 42,
1997. Bas.: 1974. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Peristrophe strigosa C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 596, 1974. Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Staurogyne hainanensis C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 589, 1974. Reserve:
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Staurogyne paotingensis C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 589, 1974. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Staurogyne stenophylla Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 322, 1935. Reserve: Yinggeling.
Staurogyne strigosa C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 590, 1974.
ANNONACEAE
Artabotrys hainanensis R. E. Fr., Ark. Bot. Ser. 2, 3: 41, 1955. Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Zhang, L.-L., R.-S. Lin & N.-H. Xia. 2008. Schizostachyum diaoluoshanense sp. nov. (Poaceae-
Bambusoideae) from Hainan, China. Nordic J. Bot. 26: 21–24.
Zhang, R.-J., H.-F. Chen, F.-W. Xing & Y.-S. Ye. 2009b. Munronia yinggelingensis sp. nov. (Meliaceae)
from Hainan, China. Nordic J. Bot. 27: 376–378.
Zhang, Z., H.-T. Chang & P. K. Endress. 2003. Hamamelidaceae. Pp. 18-42 in Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven &
D. Y. Hong (eds.), Flora of China Vol. 9 (Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae). Science Press,
Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Zhou, Z. & M. G. Gilbert. 2003. Moraceae. Pp 21–73 In: Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D. Y. Hong (eds.),
Flora of China Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical
Garden Press, St. Louis.
306 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Artabotrys pilosus Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 224, 1935. Reserve: Diaoluoshan,
Yinggeling.
Chieniodendron hainanense (Merr.) Y. Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 375,
1964. Bas.: 1925.
Fissistigma tungfangense Y. Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 377, 1964.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
APOCYNACEAE
Cosmostigma hainanense Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 6: 156, 1941. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Gymnema hainanense Y. Tsiang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 37, 1965. Reserve:
Jianfengling.
Hoya baishaensis S. Y. He & P. T. Li, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 46: 155, 2009.
Hoya bawanglingensis S. Y. He & P. T. Li, Novon 19: 357, 2009. Conserv. stat.:
VU (He et al., 2009a). Reserve: Bawangling (He et al., 2009a).
Hoya persicinicoronaria S. Y. He & P. T. Li, Novon 19: 475, 2009. Conserv. stat.:
VU (He et al., 2009b). Reserve: Bawangling (He et al., 2009b).
Hoya dasyantha Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: 174, 1936. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Hoya lasiogynostegia P. T. Li, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(1): 118, 1984.
Hoya liangii Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: 177, 1936. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling.
Kopsia hainanensis Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2: 111, 1934. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Pentastelma auritum Y. Tsiang & P. T. Li, Fl. Hainan. 3: 577, 1974. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Rauvolfia tiaolushanensis Y. Tsiang, Sci. Rep. Kwangtung Coll. Forest 1: 10, 1962.
Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Toxocarpus hainanensis Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 4: 69, 1939. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Toxocarpus laevigatus Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 4: 70, 1939.
Toxocarpus patens Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 6: 128, 1941. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Tylophora picta Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: 218, 1936. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Tylophora uncinata M. G. Gilbert & P. T. Li, Novon 5: 16, 1995.
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex angulata Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 266, 1935. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Ilex dolichopoda Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 107, 1940. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Ilex huiana S. J. Chen & Y. X. Feng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37: 143, 1999. Notes: The
name Ilex huiana C. J. Tseng, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1–2): 9 was invalidly
published in 1981.
Ilex liangii S. Y. Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 31: 246, 1950. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Ilex nuculicava S. Y. Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 385, 1949. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 307
Ilex shimeica K. F. Kwok, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 357, 1963. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
ARACEAE
Arisaema hainanense C. Y. Wu ex H. Li, Y. Shiao & S. L. Tseng, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 15(2): 107, 1977. Conserv. stat.: Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese
Angiosperms (Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling. Molec.: Renner et al. (2004).
Homalomena hainanensis H. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 103, 1977. Conserv.
stat.:VU(CSIS).Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Schismatoglottis hainanensis H. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 103, 1977. Conserv.
stat.: CR (CSIS); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms
(Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998).
ARALIACEAE
Dendropanax oligodontus Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 151, 1940. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Heteropanax hainanensis C. B. Shang, Adansonia Sér. 3, 19: 80, 1997.
Macropanax decandrus G. Hoo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. Addit. 1: 164, 1965. Conserv.
stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
ARECACEAE
Calamus egregius Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 599, 1937. Conserv. stat.:
VU (CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Calamus multispicatus Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 592, 1937. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Calamus simplicifolius C. F. Wei, Guihaia 6: 36, 1986. Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling.
Calamus tetradactyloides Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 596, 1937. Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Chuniophoenix hainanensis Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 583, 1937.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS, IUCN); Endangered (Fu & Jin, 1992); Endangered or
Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms with Species Priority Category
(Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Chuniophoenix humilis C. Z. Tang & T. L. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 111,
1977. Conserv. stat.: Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms with
Species Priority Category (Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998).
Reserve: Yinggeling.
Licuala hainanensis A. J. Hend., L. X. Guo & Barfod, Syst. Bot. 32: 718, 2007.
308 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
Aristolochia fulvicoma Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 48, 1940. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Aristolochia howii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 46, 1940. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Aristolochia polymorpha S. M. Hwang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 222, 1981. Notes:
Limestone species.
Thottea hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) D. Hou, Blumea 27: 321, 1981. Bas.: 1935.
Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms
(Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
ASPARAGACEAE
Disporum hainanense Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 338, 1922.
ASTERACEAE
Calotis caespitosa C. C. Chang, Sunyatsenia 3: 280, 1937. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Sinosenecio hainanensis (C.C.Chang&Y.C.Tseng)C.Jeffrey&Y.L.Chen,
Kew Bull. 39: 238, 1984. Bas.: 1974. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS); Endangered
or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation Group of China’s
Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Bawangling.
Strobocalyx chunii (C. C. Chang) H. Rob., S. C. Keeley, Skvarla & R. Chan, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington 121: 31, 2008. Bas.: 1937. Reserve: Jianfengling.
BALANOPHORACEAE
Balanophora saxicola F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li, Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 10: 17, 1995.
Reserve: Diaoluoshan. Notes: Limestone species.
BALSAMINACEAE
Impatiens hainanensis Y. L. Chen, Guihaia 7: 9, 1987. Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling. Notes: Limestone species.
BEGONIACEAE
Begonia hainanensis Chun & F. Chun, Sunyatsenia 4: 20, 1939. Conserv. stat.:EN
(IUCN); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation
Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Begonia howii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 138, 1940. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 309
Begonia peltatifolia H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 209, 1944. Conserv. stat.:EN
(IUCN); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation
Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998).
Begonia sublongipes Y. M. Shui, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 26: 484, 2004.
BORAGINACEAE
Ehretia changjiangensis F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 31: 472, 1993.
Notes: Limestone species.
Ehretia hainanensis I. M. Johnst., J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 108, 1951.
BUXACEAE
Buxus hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 25, 1935. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS).
Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Buxus pubiramea Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 104, 1940. Conserv. stat.:CR
(CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
CAMPANULACEAE
Lobelia hainanensis E. Wimm., Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 348, 1948.
CAPPARACEAE
Capparis dasyphylla Merr. & F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 16: 192, 1937. Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Capparis hainanensis Oliv., Hooker’s. Icon. Pl. 16: 1588, 1887.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Lonicera calvescens (Chun & F. C. How) P. S. Hsu & H. J. Wang, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 17(4): 81, 1979. Bas.: 1958. Reserve: Jianfengling.
CELASTRACEAE
Euonymus hainanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 47, 1958. Conserv.
stat.:VU(CSIS).Reserve: Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Euonymus potingensis Chun & F. C. How ex J. S. Ma, Harvard Pap. Bot. 10: 94,
1997.
Glyptopetalum fengii (Chun & F. C. How) Ding Hou, Fl. Males. Ser. 1 Spermat. 6:
256, 1963. Bas.: 1958. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Gymnosporia tiaoloshanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 52, 1958.
Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Maytenus dongfangensis F. W. Xing & X. S. Qin, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 158: 534, 2008.
Notes: Limestone species.
Maytenus hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) C. Y. Cheng, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45
(3): 146, 1999. Bas.: 1935.
310 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Microtropis obscurinervia Merr. & F. L. Freeman, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 73: 283,
1940. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Salacia amplifolia Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 55, 1958.
Salacia confertiflora Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 27, 1935.
Salacia hainanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 56, 1958.
CONNARACEAE
Ellipanthus glabrifolius Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 246, 1923. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling, Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
CONVOLVULACEAE
Erycibe oligantha Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 175, 1940. Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling, Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
CYCADACEAE
Cycas changjiangensis N. Liu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 552, 1998. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS), EN (IUCN); National Protected Key Wild Plant (First Batch). Notes:
Limestone species.
Cycas hainanensis C. J. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 13(4): 82, 1975. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS), EN (IUCN); National Protected Key Wild Plant (First Batch).
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Cycas shanyagensis G. A. Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 26: 2, 2006. Conserv. stat.:
National Protected Key Wild Plant (First Batch).
CYPERACEAE
Carex planiscapa Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 82, 1958. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Carex tsoi Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 207, 1935. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Carex tungfangensis L. K. Dai & S. M. Huang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 536, 1977. Reserve:
Jianfengling.
Fimbristylis chingmaiensis S. M. Huang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 536, 1977.
Fimbristylis longistipitata T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 11: 108,
229, 1961. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Hypolytrum ohwianum T. Koyama, Jap. J. Bot. 15: 183, 1956.
Hypolytrum paucistrobiliferum T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 11:
200, 234, 1961. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Lipocarpha bawangensis R. H. Miao, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 30(2): 86,
1991. Reserve: Bawangling.
Machaerina myriantha (Chun & F. C. How) Y. C. Tang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 537, 1977.
Bas.: 1958. Reserve:Diaoluoshan.
Mariscus hainanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 87, 1958. Reserve:
Jianfengling.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 311
Mariscus monospermus S. M. Huang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 537, 1977.
Scirpus chunianus T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 11: 13, 221,
1961. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Scirpus pseudoarticulatus L. K. Dai & S. M. Huang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 538, 1977.
Reserve: Jianfengling.
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea changjiangensis F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li, Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 10: 19,
1995. Notes: Limestone species.
EBENACEAE
Diospyros chunii F. P. Metcalf & L. Chen, Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 618, 1935.
Diospyros corallina Chun & L. Chen, Sunyatsenia 3: 120, 1936. Conserv. stat.:CR
(CSIS); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation
Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998).
Diospyros hainanensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 258, 1923. Reserve: Diaoluoshan,
Yinggeling.
Diospyros howii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 299, 1935. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Diospyros inflata Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 163, 1940. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS). Reserve: Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Diospyros maclurei Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 259, 1923. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Diospyros oliviformis R. H. Miao, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 32(4): 65, 1993.
Diospyros strigosa Hemsl., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 193, 1910. Reserve:
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
ELAEOCARPACEAE
Sloanea hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 123, 1940. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
ERICACEAE
Vaccinium hainanense Sleumer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 71: 469, 1941. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
ERIOCAULACEAE
Eriocaulon kaikoense Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 25, 1943.
Eriocaulon kainantense Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 13, 1943.
Eriocaulon odashimai Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 26, 1943.
Eriocaulon sclerophyllum W. L. Ma, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: 306, 1991.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalypha chuniana H. G. Ye, Y. S. Ye, X. S. Qin & F. W. Xing, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43:
148, 2006. Notes: Limestone species.
312 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Acalypha hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 91, 1940. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Notes: Limestone species.
Croton chunianus Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 497, 1940. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Croton howii Y. T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 147, 1989. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Croton laevigatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 97, 1791. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Croton laui Merr. & F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 16: 389, 1937. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS); Vulnerable (Fu & Jin, 1992); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese
Angiosperms (Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Drypetes longistipitata P. T. Li, J. South China Agric. Univ. 21(4): 59, 2000.
Euphorbia hainanensis Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 505, 1940.
Leptopus hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) Pojark., Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst.
Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 271, 1960. Bas.: 1940. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Mallotus anomalus Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 99, 1940. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Phyllanthus hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 20, 1935. Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling. Molec.: Lee et al. (2006).
Phyllanthus nanellus P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 25: 376, 1987.
Phyllanthus rheophyticus M. G. Gilbert & P. T. Li, Fl. China 11: 188, 2008.
Trigonostemon xyphophylloides (Croizat) L. K. Dai & T. L. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
8: 278, 1963. Bas.: 1940. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
FABACEAE
Christia hainanensis Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst.,
Harbin 8: 5, 1980.
Crotalaria hainanensis C. C. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 395, 1957. Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Crotalaria jianfengensis C. Y. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 478, 1982. Conserv.
stat.:CR(CSIS).Reserve: Jianfengling.
Crotalaria yaihsienensis T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 349, 1963.
Dalbergia hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 32, 1934. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Dalbergia peishaensis Chun & T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 24, 1958.
Reserve: Yinggeling.
Dalbergia tsoi Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 244, 1935. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Derris breviramosa F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 219, 1954. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Indigofera litoralis Chun & T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 27, 1958. Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Paraderris hainanensis (Hayata) Adema, Blumea 48: 138, 2003. Bas.: 1913.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 313
Sophora praetorulosa Chun&T.C.ChenexP.T.Li,J.SouthChinaAgric.Univ.
21(4): 59, 2000. Reserve: Jianfengling. Notes:Sophora praetorulosa Chun & T.
C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 28 was invalidly published for this species in
1958.
FAGACEAE
Castanopsis hainanensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 340, 1922. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Castanopsis hairocarpa G. A. Fu, Guihaia 21: 96, 2001.
Castanopsis jianfenglingensis S. Duanmu, Sci. Silvae Sin. 8(2): 187, 1963.
Conserv. stat.:VU(CSIS).Reserve: Jianfengling.
Castanopsis ledongensis C. C. Huang & Y. T. Chang, Guihaia 16: 301, 1996.
Conserv. stat.:VU (CSIS). Notes: The name Castanopsis ledongensis C. C.
Huang & Y. T. Chang, Guihaia 10: 5 was published in 1990; however, the species
description did not have a holotype.
Castanopsis oleifera G. A. Fu, Guihaia 21: 97, 2001.
Castanopsis qingbeiensis G. A. Fu, Guihaia 21: 96, 2001.
Castanopsis wenchangensis G. A. Fu & C. C. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 151, 1989.
Castanopsis wuzhishangensis G. A. Fu, Guihaia 21: 95, 2001.
Cyclobalanopsis albicaulis (Chun & W. C. Ko) Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen, J. Beijing
Forest. Univ. 15(4): 45, 1993. Bas.: 1958. Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS); Endangered
or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation Group of China’s
Biodiversity, 1998).
Cyclobalanopsis changhuaglingensis G. A. Fu & X. J. Hong, Guihaia 27: 29, 2007.
Cyclobalanopsis dongfangensis (C. C. Huang, F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li) Y. Y. Luo &
R. J. Wang, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 15: 261, 2007. Bas.: 1996.
Cyclobalanopsis fuliginosa (Chun&W.C.Ko)Y.Y.Luo&R.J.Wang,J.
Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 15: 261, 2007. Bas.: 1958. Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling.
Cyclobalanopsis litoralis Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 1(1): 147,
1979. Conserv. stat.:VU(CSIS).Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Cyclobalanopsis subhinoidea (Chun & W. C. Ko) Y. T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
34: 339, 1996. Bas.: 1958. Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS).
Cyclobalanopsis tiaoloshanica (Chun & W. C. Ko) Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 1(1): 148, 1979. Bas.: 1958. Conserv. stat.:VU(CSIS).Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Cyclobalanopsis yin-qianii G. A. Fu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 27: 1, 2007.
Lithocarpus chiungchungensis Chun & P. C. Tam, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 207,
1965. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Lithocarpus elmerrillii Chun, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 232, 1947. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Lithocarpus fenzelianus A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Sér. 2, 4: 912, 1932.
Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling,
Yinggeling.
Lithocarpus handelianus A. Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Sér. 2, 6: 93, 1934.
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
314 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Lithocarpus naiadarum (Hance) Chun, J. Arnold Arbor. 9: 152, 1928. Bas.: 1884.
Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Lithocarpus obovatilimbus Chun, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 236, 1947. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Quercus bawanglingensis C. C. Huang, Z. X. Li & F. W. Xing, Guihaia 16: 302,
1996. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling. Notes: The name
Quercus bawanglingensis C. C. Huang, Z. X. Li & F. W. Xing, Guihaia 10: 10
was published in 1990; however, the species description did not have a holotype.
Notes: Limestone species.
GESNERIACEAE
Cathayanthe biflora Chun, Sunyatsenia 6: 283, 1946. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS).
Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Chirita heterotricha Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 13: 71, 1934. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling. Molec.: Li & Wang (2007).
Metapetrocosmea peltata (Merr. & Chun) W. T. Wang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4):
39, 1981. Bas.: 1935. Conserv. stat.: Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese
Angiosperms (Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Oreocharis dasyantha Chun, Sunyatsenia 6: 287, 1946. Reserve: Yinggeling.
Oreocharis flavida Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 354, 1922. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS).
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Paraboea changjiangensis F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 15: 121, 1993.
Notes: Limestone species.
Paraboea hainanensis (Chun) B. L. Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 41:
429, 1984. Bas.: 1974. Reserve: Jianfengling.
HAMAMELIDACEAE
Chunia bucklandioides H. T. Chang, Sunyatsenia 7: 63, 1948. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS), VU (IUCN); Rare (Fu & Jin, 1992); National Protected Key Wild Plant
(First Batch); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation
Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Distyliopsis salicifolia (E. Walker) P. K. Endress, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 90: 30, 1970.
Bas.: 1944. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
HYDRANGEACEAE
Dichroa mollissima Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 245, 1923.
ICACINACEAE
Nothapodytes obtusifolia (Merr.) R. A. Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 70, 1942. Bas.:
1935. Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS). Reserve: Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Platea parvifolia Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 112, 1940. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS). Reserve: Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 315
JUGLANDACEAE
Engelhardia hainanensis P. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 251, 1981. Reserve:
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
LAMIACEAE
Callicarpa basitruncata Merr., Phytologia 3: 406, 1951.
Callicarpa erythrosticta Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 178, 1940. Reserve:Diaoluoshan.
Gomphostemma hainanense C. Y. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 145, 1965. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Premna hainanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 77, 1958. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Scutellaria hainanensis C. Y. Wu, Fl. Hainan. 4: 532, 1977. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Wenchengia alternifolia C. Y. Wu & S. Chow, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 251, 1965.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms
(Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
LARDIZABALACEAE
Stauntonia oligophylla Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 54, 1940. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
LAURACEAE
Actinodaphne glaucina C. K. Allen, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 410, 1938.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Actinodaphne paotingensis Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4):
63, 1978. Reserve: Diaoluoshan. Molec.: Li et al. (2006).
Alseodaphne rugosa Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 232, 1935. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS, IUCN); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms
(Compilation Group of China’sBiodiversity,1998). Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Beilschmiedia appendiculata (C. K. Allen) S. K. Lee & Y. T. Wei, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 17(2): 65, 1979. Bas.: 1942. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Beilschmiedia baotingensis S. K. Lee & Y. T. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(2):
64,
1979. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Beilschmiedia brevifolia Y. T. Wei, Guihaia 4: 196, 1984.
Beilschmiedia longepetiolata C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 450, 1942. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Beilschmiedia macropoda C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 452, 1942. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Beilschmiedia obconica C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 453, 1942.
Beilschmiedia tungfangensis S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 194,
1963. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
316 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Cryptocarya impressinervia H. W. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(2): 70, 1979. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling. Notes:Thename
C. obtusifolia Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 344, published for this species in 1922 is a
later homonym of C. obtusifolia Meisn. in DC., Prodr. 15(1): 508, 1864.
Cryptocarya leiana C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 456, 1942.
Cryptocarya metcalfiana C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 457, 1942. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Cryptocarya tsangii Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 16: 121, 1940.
Dehaasia hainanensis Kosterm., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 93: 439, 1973. Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling. Molec.:Chenetal.(2009).
Endiandra hainanensis Merr. & F. P. Metcalf, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 461, 1942.
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Litsea litseifolia (C. K. Allen) Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4):
57, 1978. Bas.: 1938. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Lindera robusta (C. K. Allen) H. P. Tsui, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 64, 1978. Bas.:
1941. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Litsea verticillifolia Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 48, 1978.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS).
Machilus monticola S. K. Lee, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 185, 1963. Conserv. stat.:
Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation Group of
China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Molec.:Chenetal.(2009).
Machilus pomifera (Kosterin.) S. K. Lee, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 186, 1963. Bas.:
1961. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling. Molec.:Chenetal.(2009).
Neolitsea hainanensis Y. C. Yang & P. H. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 43,
1978. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Neolitsea howii C. K. Allen, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 424, 1937. Conserv.
stat.:CR(CSIS).Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Neolitsea obtusifolia Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 6, 1935. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS).
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Phoebe hainanensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 343, 1922. Reserve: Jianfengling,
Yinggeling.
Syndiclis chinensis C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 462, 1942. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Syndiclis lotungensis S. K. Lee, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 191, 1963. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
LOWIACEAE
Orchidantha insularis T. L. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 340, 1964. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
MAGNOLIACEAE
Lirianthe albosericea (Chun & C. H. Tsoong) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, Fl. China 7:
63, 2008. Bas.: 1964. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling. Molec.:Shietal.(2000); Kim et al. (2001).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 317
Magnolia bawangensis Y. W. Law, R. Z. Zhou & D. M. Liu, Nordic J. Bot. 27: 4,
2009. Conserv. stat.:CR(Liuetal.,2009). Reserve:Bawangling(Liuetal.,2009).
Michelia shiluensis Chun & Y. F. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 286, 1963. Conserv.
stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling. Molec.: Kim et al. (2001).
MALVACEAE
Firmiana hainanensis Kosterm., Pengum. Balai Besar Penjel. Kehut. Indonesia 54:
30, 1956. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS, IUCN); Endangered (Fu & Jin, 1992);
National Protected Key Wild Plant (First Batch); Endangered or Rare Species of
Chinese Angiosperms with Species Priority Category (Compilation Group of China’s
Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Firmiana pulcherrima H. H. Hsue, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 271, 1963. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Grewia chuniana Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 488, 1937.
Reevesia botingensis H. H. Hsue, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 272, 1963. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Reevesia lancifolia H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 208, 1944. Conserv. stat.:CR
(CSIS).
Reevesia longipetiolata Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 40, 1934. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
MELASTOMATACEAE
Medinilla arboricola F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 345, 1963. Conserv. stat.:
VU (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Melastoma dendrisetosum C. Chen, J. South China. Agri. Coll. 4(1): 35, 1983.
Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Phyllagathis hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) C. Chen, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(3): 42,
1984. Bas.: 1940. Reserve: Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Phyllagathis melastomatoides (Merr. & Chun) W. C. Ko, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 267,
1963. Bas.: 1935.
Phyllagathis stenophylla (Merr. & Chun) H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 32, 1944.
Bas.: 1940. Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Scorpiothyrsus erythrotrichus (Merr. & Chun) H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 35,
1944. Bas.:1940.Conserv. stat.:CR(CSIS).Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Scorpiothyrsus xanthostictus (Merr. & Chun) H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 34,
1944. Bas.: 1940. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Sonerila hainanensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 256, 1923. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
MELIACEAE
Munronia yinggelingensis R. J. Zhang, Y. S. Ye & F. W. Xing, Nordic J. Bot. 27:
376, 2009. Conserv. stat.: EN (Zhang et al., 2009). Reserve: Yinggeling (Zhang
et al., 2009).
318 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
MENISPERMACEAE
Arcangelisia gusanlung H. S. Lo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18(1): 100, 1980. Conserv.
stat.: VU (CSIS); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms
(Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Yinggeling. Molec.:
Wang et al. (2007).
Stephania hainanensis H. S. Lo & Y. Tsoong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(1): 39, 1978.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling. Molec.: Hong et al. (2001).
Notes: Limestone species.
Stephania succifera H. S. Lo & Y. Tsoong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(1): 36, 1978.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling. Molec.: Hong et al. (2001);
Wang et al. (2007).
Tinospora hainanensis H. S. Lo & Z. X. Li, Guihaia 6: 51, 1986. Conserv. stat.:
Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms with Species Priority
Category (Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998).
MORACEAE
Ficus dinganensis S. S. Chang, Guihaia 3: 300, 1983.
MYRSINACEAE
Ardisia baotingensis C. M. Hu, Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6: 27, 1990. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Ardisia densilepidotula Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 284, 1928. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Ardisia ordinata E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 137, 1940. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Ardisia porifera E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 70, 1940. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS).
Reserve: Jianfengling.
Ardisia retroflexa E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 60, 1940. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Maesa confusa (C. M. Hu) Pipoly & C. Chen, Novon 5: 357, 1995. Bas.: 1992.
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Maesa consanguinea Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 258, 1923. Reserve: Jianfengling,
Yinggeling.
MYRTACEAE
Decaspermum albociliatum Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 202, 1938.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Decaspermum austro-hainanicum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan.
4: 24, 1982. Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS).
Decaspermum hainanense (Merr.) Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 42, 1935. Bas.: 1923.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Decaspermum teretis H. T. Chang & R. H. Miao ex Craven, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11:
27, 2006. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling. Notes:
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 319
The name Pyrenocarpa teretis H. T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ.
Sunyatseni 1975: 64 was invalidly published for this species in 1975.
Syzygium buxifolioideum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 20,
1982. Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Syzygium conspersipunctatum (Merr. & L. M. Perry) Craven & Biffin, Blumea 51:
136, 2006. Bas.: 1937. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Syzygium hainanense Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 20, 1982.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Syzygium howii Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 243, 1938. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Syzygium infra-rubiginosum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 23,
1982. Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Syzygium jienfunicum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 19, 1982.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS). Reserve: Jianfengling.
Syzygium rysopodum Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 221, 1938. Conserv.
stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Syzygium stenocladum Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 220, 1938.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Syzygium tephrodes (Hance) Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 223, 1938.
Bas.: 1885. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
OLEACEAE
Chionanthus hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) B. M. Miao, Invest. Stud. Nat. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Shanghaiense 7: 18, 1987. Bas.: 1940. Reserve: Yinggeling.
Jasminum rehderianum Kobuski, Sunyatsenia 3: 110, 1936. Reserve:Jianfengling.
Olea neriifolia H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 212, 1944. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling. Molec.: Besnard et al. (2009).
Olea parvilimba (Merr. & Chun) B. M. Miao, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 126,
1992. Bas.: 1940. Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
ORCHIDACEAE
Anoectochilus baotingensis (K. Y. Lang) Ormerod, Taiwania 48: 87, 2003. Bas.:
1996. Reserve: Yinggeling.
Anoectochilus hainanensis H. Z. Tian, F. W. Xing & L. Li, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 45: 220,
2008.
Apostasia ramifera S. C. Chen & K. Y. Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 24: 349, 1986.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese
Angiosperms with Species Priority Category (Compilation Group of
China’s Biodiversity, 1998).
Bulbophyllum hainanense Z. H. Tsi, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(1–2): 118, 1981.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS).
Bulbophyllum ledungense T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 45, 1974.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling,
Yinggeling.
320 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Bulbophyllum obtusiangulum Z. H. Tsi, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 578, 1995.
Conserv. stat.:CR(CSIS).Notes: Chen and Vermeulen (2009)considerthis
taxontobeasynonymyofBulbophyllum lepidum (Blume) J. J. Smith, Orch.
Java: 471, 1905; a species also found on mainland China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
Until additional data are available, however, we consider B. obtusiangulum to
be a distinct species endemic in Hainan.
Bulbophyllum wuzhishanensis X. H. Jin, Brittonia 57: 255, 2005.
Ceratostylis hainanensis Z. H. Tsi, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 582, 1995.
Conserv. stat.:VU(CSIS).Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling,
Yinggeling.
Crepidium hainanense (T. Tang & F. T. Wang) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood, Fl. China
25: 234, 2009. Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Crepidium insulare (T. Tang & F. T. Wang) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood, Fl. China 25:
233, 2009. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS).
Dendrobium hainanense Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 193, 1896. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Dendrobium sinense T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 41, 1974.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Gastrochilus acinacifolius Z. H. Tsi, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 9(2): 25, 1989.
Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Gastrodia longitubularis Q. W. Meng, X. Q. Song & Y. B. Luo, Nordic J. Bot. 25:
23, 2008. Conserv. stat.: CR (Meng et al., 2008).
Liparis bautingensis T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 39, 1974.
Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Liparis fissilabris T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 37, 1974. Conserv.
stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Liparis hainanensis T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 38, 1974.
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling. Notes: Chen et al. (2009e)
consider this taxon to be a synonymy of Liparis balansae Gagnepain,
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 79:165, 1932; a species also found on mainland
China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Until additional data are available,
however, we consider L. hainanensis to be a distinct species endemic in
Hainan.
Oxystophyllum changjiangense (S. J. Cheng & C. Z. Tang) M. A. Clem., Telopea 10:
276, 2003. Bas.: 1980. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS, IUCN). Reserve: Bawangling,
Jianfengling, Yinggeling. Notes: Limestone species.
Phaius hainanensis C. Z. Tang & S. J. Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 199, 1982.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS).
Pinalia quinquelamellosa (Tang & F. T. Wang) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood, Fl. China
25: 356, 2009. Bas.: 1934.
Sunipia hainanensis Z. H. Tsi, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 33: 590, 1995. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS).
Thrixspermum odoratum X. Q. Song, Q. W. Meng, & Y. B. Luo, Ann. Bot. Fenn.
46: 595, 2009.
Trichotosia dongfangensis X. H. Jin & L. P. Siu, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41: 465,
2004.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 321
PENTAPHYLACACEAE
Adinandra angustifolia (S. H. Chun ex H. G. Ye) B. M. Barthol. & T. L. Ming, Fl.
China 12: 477, 2007. Bas.: 2001.
Adinandra epunctata Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 132, 1940. Conserv. stat.:CR
(CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Adinandra howii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 131, 1940. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS).
Cleyera angustifolia H. G. Ye, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 9: 313, 2001.
Eurya hainanensis (Kobuski) Hung T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 37, 1954. Bas.:
1938. Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Eurya ovatifolia Hung T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 40, 1954. Conserv. stat.:
VU (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan.
Eurya pentagyna Hung T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 3: 21, 1954. Conserv. stat.:
VU (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Ternstroemia hainanensis Hung T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 9(4):
135, 1963. Conserv. stat.:EN(CSIS).
PINACEAE
Keteleeria hainanensis Chun & Y. Tsiang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 259, 1963.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS); Endangered (Fu & Jin, 1992). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Pinus orthophylla Businský, Willdenowia 34: 229, 2004.
PIPERACEAE
Piper infossibaccatum A. Huang, Guihaia 10: 295, 1990. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Piper lingshuiense Y. C. Tseng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(1): 28, 1979. Conserv. stat.:
VU (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Piper senporeiense Yamamoto, Contrib. Fl. Kainan. 1: 21, 1943. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
POACEAE
Ampelocalamus actinotrichus (Merr. & Chun) S. L. Chen, T. H. Wen & G. Y. Sheng,
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 334, 1981. Bas.: 1935. Conserv. stat.: Endangered or
Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms (Compilation Group of China’s
Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Jianfengling. Molec.: Guo et al. (2002).
Bambusa bicicatricata (W. T. Lin) L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18:
214, 1980. Bas.: 1978.
Bambusa boniopsis McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 7, 1940. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Bambusa brunneo-aciculia G. A. Fu, Guihaia 13: 108, 1993.
Bambusa diaoluoshanensis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 369,
1981. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Bambusa duriuscula W. T. Lin, Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 1980(6):
87, 1980.
322 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Bambusa glabro-vagina G. A. Fu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20: 489, 1982.
Bambusa insularis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 370, 1981.
Bambusa malingensis McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 11, 1940. Molec.:
Sungkaew et al. (2009).
Bambusa mutabilis McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 12, 1940. Reserve:
Jianfengling.
Bambusa piscatorum McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 14, 1940. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Bonia levigata (L. C. Chia, H. L. Fung & Y. L. Yang) N. H. Xia, Kew Bull. 51: 568,
1996. Bas.: 1988. Molec.: Yang et al. (2008).
Eragrostis alta Keng, Lingnan Sci. J. 16: 1, 1937.
Eragrostis hainanensis L.C.Chia,Fl.Hainan.4:539,1977.Reserve:
Jianfengling.
Eragrostis rufinerva L. C. Chia, Fl. Hainan. 4: 539, 1977.
Eulalia micranthera Y. L. Keng & S. L. Chen, Fl. Hainan. 4: 539, 1977. Reserve:
Jianfengling.
Fargesia hainanensis T. P. Yi, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 3(3): 151, 1983.
Imperata flavida S. M. Phillips & S. L. Chen, Novon 15: 469, 2005.
Reserve: Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling. Notes: Imperata flavida Y. L. K e n g , C l a v.
Gener. Spec. Gramin. Primar. Sinic.: 138, 234 was invalidly published for this
species in 1957.
Lingnania hainanensis (L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung) T. P. Yi, J. Sichuan Forest. Sci.
Technol. 28(3): 17, 2007. Bas.: 1980. Molec.: Sun et al. (2005).
Lingnania longianthera G. A. Fu, J. Bamboo Res. 5(2): 41, 1986. Notes: This
species is not included in the treatment of Bambuseae in the Flora of China. Until
additional studies are available, however, we follow Fu (2003) and consider this
taxon to be endemic to Hainan.
Oligostachyum gracilipes (McClure) G. H. Ye & Z. P. Wang, J. Nanjing Univ., Nat.
Sci. Ed. 26(3): 488, 1990. Bas.: 1940.
Oligostachyum nuspiculum (McClure) Z. P. Wang & G. H. Ye, J. Nanjing Univ.,
Nat. Sci. Ed. 1982(1): 98, 1982. Bas.: 1940.
Oligostachyum scopulum (McClure) Z. P. Wang & G. H. Ye, J. Nanjing Univ., Nat.
Sci. Ed. 1982(1): 98, 1982. Bas.: 1940.
Pogonatherum biaristatum S. L. Chen & G. Y. Sheng, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 13:
76, 1993.
Schizostachyum diaoluoshanense N. H. Xia, L. L. Zhang & R. S. Lin, Nordic J. Bot.
26: 21, 2008. Reserve: Diaoluoshan (Zhang et al., 2008).
Setiacis diffusa (L. C. Chia) S. L. Chen & Y. X. Jin, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26: 219,
1988. Bas.: 1977.
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala bawanglingensis F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li, Acta Bot. Austro Sin. 6: 54, 1990.
Reserve: Bawangling. Notes: Limestone species.
Polygala hainanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 5, 1958. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Polygala wuzhishanensis S. K. Chen & J. Parn., Fl. China 11: 148, 2008.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 323
PROTEACEAE
Heliciopsis lobata (Merr.) Sleumer, Blumea 8: 83, 1955. Bas.: 1930. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling. Molec.:Mastetal.(2008).
RANUNCULACEAE
Clematis hainanensis W. T. Wang, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 134, 1982.
RHAMNACEAE
Rhamnus hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 273, 1935. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
ROSACEAE
Prunus hainanensis (G. A. Fu & Y. S. Lin) H. Yu, N. H. Xia & H. G. Ye, Nordic J.
Bot. 25: 31, 2008. Bas.: 1988. Conserv. stat.:EN(Yuetal.,2007). Reserve:
Bawangling, Yinggeling.
Rhaphiolepis wuzhishanensis W. B. Liao, R. H. Miao & Q. Fan, Novon 17: 429,
2007. Conserv. stat.:EN(Fanetal.,2007).
Rubus howii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 71, 1940. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
RUBIACEAE
Argostemma discolor Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 265, 1923. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Argostemma hainanicum H. S. Lo, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(4): 46, 1986. Reserve:
Jianfengling.
Benkara rectispina (Merr.) Ridsdale, Reinwardtia 12: 299, 2008. Bas.: 1935.
Ceriscoides howii H. S. Lo, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 18: 281, 1998. Conserv. stat.:
EN (CSIS).
Damnacanthus hainanensis (H. S. Lo) Y. Z. Ruan, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 71(2):
176, 1999. Bas.: 1979. Reserve: Yinggeling.
Hedyotis baotingensis W. C. Ko, J. South China Agric. Coll. 16(4): 43, 1995.
Hedyotis cathayana W. C. Ko, Fl. Hainan. 3: 579, 1974. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Hedyotis cheniana R. J. Wang, Novon 18: 264, 2008. Conserv. stat.:LC(Wang,
2008). Notes:AlthoughWang(2008) considers this species to have a Least Concern
conservation status, no herbarium specimens have been collected since 1959.
Hedyotis communis W. C. Ko, Fl. Hainan. 3: 579, 1974. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Hedyotis cryptantha Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 367, 1912. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Hedyotis hainanensis (Chun) W. C. Ko, Fl. Hainan. 3: 580, 1974. Bas.: 1934.
Reserve: Bawangling, Yinggeling.
Hedyotis minutopuberula Merr. & F. P. Metcalf, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 229, 1942.
Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
324 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Hedyotis paridifolia Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 366, 1912. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan.
Hedyotis terminaliflora Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 326, 1935. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Hedyotis wuzhishanensis R. J. Wang, Novon 18: 266, 2008. Conserv. stat.:LC
(Wang, 2008). Notes: Although Wang (2008) considers this species to have a
Least Concern conservation status, only five herbarium specimens have been
collected between 1933 and 1989.
Hedyotis yazhouensis F. W. Xing & R. J. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 41: 87, 2003.
Lasianthus calycinus Dunn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 367, 1912. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Lasianthus verrucosus H. S. Lo, Bot. J. South China 2: 2, 1993. Reserve:
Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Meyna hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 57, 1935. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS).
Reserve: Jianfengling.
Morinda brevipes S. Y. Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 32: 399, 1951. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Morinda hainanensis Merr. & F. C. How, Sunyatsenia 5: 188, 1940. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Mussaenda antiloga Chun & W. C. Ko, Fl. Hainan. 3: 582, 1974. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Mussaenda hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 58, 1935. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Mussaenda lotungensis Chun & W. C. Ko, Fl. Hainan. 3: 581, 1974. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS). Reserve: Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Mussaenda membranifolia Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 267, 1923. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Mycetia hainanensis H. S. Lo, Guihaia 11: 112, 1991. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Ophiorrhiza hainanensis Y. C. Tseng, Fl. Hainan. 3: 582, 1974. Reserve:
Diaoluoshan, Yinggeling.
Ophiorrhiza humilis Y. C. Tseng, Fl. Hainan. 3: 583, 1974. Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Psychotria hainanensis H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 213, 1944. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Saprosma hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 9: 44, 1930. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Saprosma merrillii H. S. Lo, Bot. J. South China 2: 15, 1993. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Tarenna laui Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 59, 1935.
Wendlandia merrilliana Cowan, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 18: 303, 1935.
Reserve: Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
RUTACEAE
Clausena hainanensis C. C. Huang & F. W. Xing, Guihaia 12: 215, 1992. Conserv.
stat.: CR (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan. Notes: Limestone species.
Melicope chunii (Merr.) T. G. Hartley, Allertonia 8: 237, 2001. Bas.: 1925.
Melicope patulinervia (Merr. & Chun) C. C. Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 132,
1957. Bas.: 1940. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 325
SALICACEAE
Homalium stenophyllum Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 287, 1935. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS).
Populus qiongdaoensis T. Hong & P. Luo, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 7(3): 67, 1987.
Reserve: Bawangling, Yinggeling.
Salix hainanica A. K. Skvortsov, Harvard Pap. Bot. 3: 107, 1998.
SANTALACEAE
Viscum hainanense R. L. Han & D. X. Zhang, Nordic J. Bot. 23: 720, 2006.
Reserve: Bawangling (Han et al., 2006).
SAPINDACEAE
Allophylus repandifolius Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 113, 1940. Conserv. stat.:
CR (CSIS). Reserve: Yinggeling.
Allophylus trichophyllus Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 270, 1935. Conserv. stat.:
EN (CSIS).
Lepisanthes hainanensis H. S. Lo, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(2): 31, 1979. Conserv.
stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Lepisanthes oligophylla (Merr. & Chun) N. H. Xia & Gadek, Fl. China 12: 13, 2007.
Bas.: 1935. Reserve: Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Lepisanthes unilocularis Leenh., Blumea 17: 73, 1969. Conserv. stat.: EX (CSIS,
IUCN); Extinct (Fu & Jin, 1992).
Mischocarpus hainanensis H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 574, 1974. Reserve: Jianfengling.
Nephelium topengii (Merr.) H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 574, 1974. Bas.: 1923. Reserve:
Bawangling, Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Paranephelium hainanense H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 575, 1974. Conserv. stat.:CR
(CSIS), EN (IUCN); Endangered (Fu & Jin, 1992); Endangered or Rare Species of
Chinese Angiosperms with Species Priority Category (Compilation Group of
China’s Biodiversity, 1998).
SAPOTACEAE
Madhuca hainanensis Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 71, 1958. Conserv.
stat.: VU (CSIS, IUCN); Vulnerable (Fu & Jin, 1992); National Protected Key Wild
Plant (First Batch); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms
(Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling. Molec.:Smedmarketal.(2006).
Xantolis longispinosa (Merr.) H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 575, 1974. Bas.: 1934.
Reserve: Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Lindernia cyrtotricha P. C. Tsoong & T. C. Ku, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2):
148, 398, 1979. Conserv. stat.:VU(CSIS).Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
326 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
SMILACACEAE
Heterosmilax micrandra T. Koyama, Brittonia 36: 201, 1984.
STEMONACEAE
Stemona parviflora C. H. Wright, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 32: 49, 1896. Conserv.
stat.:EN(CSIS).Reserve: Jianfengling, Yinggeling. Molec.:Jiangetal.
(2006b).
SYMPLOCACEAE
Symplocos crassilimba Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 47, 1935. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Symplocos euryoides Hand.-Mazz., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 62(B): 27, 1943. Reserve:
Jianfengling. Molec.: Wang et al. (2004); Fritsch et al. (2006).
Symplocos ovatilobata Noot., Rev. Symploc. Old World: 257, 1975. Conserv.
stat.: EN (CSIS); Endangered or Rare Species of Chinese Angiosperms
(Compilation Group of China’s Biodiversity, 1998). Reserve: Diaoluoshan,
Yinggeling. Molec.: Wang et al. (2004); Fritsch et al. (2006).
THEACEAE
Camellia amplexifolia Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 129, 1940. Conserv. stat.:EN
(CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Camellia parviflora Sealy, Rev. Gen. Camellia: 139, 1958. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS).
Camellia paucipunctata (Merr. & Chun) Chun, Sunyatsenia 4: 187, 1940. Bas.:
1935. Conserv. stat.:CR(CSIS).Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling.
Camellia xanthochroma K. M. Feng & L. S. Xie, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 424, 1980.
Conserv. stat.: CR (CSIS).
Polyspora hainanensis (Hung T. Chang) B. M. Barthol. & T. L. Ming, Novon 15:
264, 2005. Bas.: 1983. Conserv. stat.: EN (CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling,
Yinggeling. Molec.: Prince & Parks (2001); Yang et al. (2004).
THYMELAEACEAE
Daphne axillaris (Merr. & Chun) Chun & C. F. Wei, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 264,
1963. Bas.: 1940. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS). Reserve:Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Wikstroemia chuii Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 9: 41, 1930. Conserv. stat.: VU (CSIS).
Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Wikstroemia hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 40, 1935. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Bawangling, Jianfengling, Yinggeling.
Wikstroemia liangii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 140, 1940. Conserv. stat.:VU
(CSIS). Reserve: Diaoluoshan.
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 327
URTICACEAE
Boehmeria lohuiensis S. S. Chien, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 355, 1963. Reserve:
Yinggeling.
Pilea subedentata C. J. Chen, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 2(3): 79, 1982. Reserve:
Bawangling, Jianfengling.
VITACEAE
Cayratia lanceolata (C. L. Li) J. Wen & Z. D. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 28: 471,
2006. Bas.: 1996.
Leea longifoliola Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 33, 1935. Reserve: Jianfengling,
Yinggeling.
Tetrastigma pseudocruciatum C. L. Li, Chin. J. Appl. Environm. Biol. 1: 318, 1995.
ZINGIBERACEAE
Alpinia coriacea T. L. Wu & S. J. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(3): 31, 1978.
Reserve: Diaoluoshan. Molec.: Kress et al. (2005).
Alpinia hibinoi Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 108, 1943.
Amomum chinense Chun, Fl. Hainan. 4: 533, 1977. Reserve: Bawangling,
Diaoluoshan, Jianfengling.
Appendix 2. Taxa no longer considered endemic to Hainan Island and names
of uncertain application
ACANTHACEAE
Calophanoides hainanensis C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 597, 1974
(accepted name: Justicia hainanensis (C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo) N. H. Xia & Y. F.
Deng, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 13: 533, 2005, also occurring in mainland China (Xia
& Deng, 2005)).
Championella maclurei (Merr.) C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 592,
1974 (accepted name: Strobilanthes anamitica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.: 498,
1891, also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (The Biodiversity
Committee of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008;Y.F.Deng,pers.
comm.)).
Graptophyllum viriduliflorum C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 594, 1974
(accepted name: Cosmianthemum viriduliflorum, endemic to Hainan (Hu,
2009)).
Lepidagathis hainanensis H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 598, 1974 (also occurring in
mainland China (Hu, 2009)).
Pararuellia hainanensis C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 593, 1974 (also
occurring in mainland China (The Biodiversity Committee of the Chinese
Academy of Sciences, 2008; Y. F. Deng, pers. comm.)).
328 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Rostellularia humilis H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 598, 1974 (accepted name: Justicia
demissa N. H. Xia & Y. F. Deng, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 13: 534, 2005, also
occurring in mainland China (Xia & Deng, 2005)).
Staurogyne sinica C. Y. Wu & H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 590, 1974 (also occurring in
mainland China (Y. Deng, pers. comm.)).
ANNONACEAE
Miliusa prolifica (Chun & F. C. How) P. T. Li, Guihaia 13: 315, 1993 (also occurring
in mainland China (X.-L. Hou, unpublished)).
Meiogyne hainanensis (Merr.) N. T. Ban, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 58:
1148, 1973 (accepted name: Oncodostigma hainanense (Merr.) Y. Tsiang & P. T.
Li, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 30(2): 81, 1979, also occurring in mainland China
(Li, 2009; X.-L. Hou, pers. comm.)).
Polyalthia consanguinea Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 243, 1923 (accepted name:
Polyalthia obliqua Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 138, 1855, also occurring in
Malaysia and mainland China (Li, 2009; X.-L. Hou, unpublished)).
Polyalthia laui Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 5, 1935 (also occurring in mainland China
and Vietnam (Li, 2009; X.-L. Hou, unpublished)).
Species of uncertain status
Meiogyne kwangtungensis P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 14: 104, 1976 (this species is
known only from the type specimen and is of uncertain taxonomic status (X.-L.
Hou, unpublished)).
Richella hainanensis (Y. Tsiang & P. T. Li) Y. Tsiang & P. T. Li, Fl. Reipubl.
Popularis Sin. 30(2): 128, 1979 (this species is known only from the type
specimen and is of uncertain taxonomic status (X.-L. Hou, pers. comm.)).
APOCYNACEAE
Alyxia lehtungensis Y. Tsiang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 30, 1965 (accepted name:
Alyxia sinensis Benth., Hook. J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 334, 1852, also occurring
in mainland China and Taiwan (Li et al., 1995b; D. Middleton, pers. comm.)).
Anodendron affine (Hook. & Arn.) Druce, Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4: 605, 1917
(also occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, India, Japan, and Vietnam (Li et al.,
1995b)).
Beaumontia brevituba Oliv., Hooker’s. Icon. Pl. 16: 1582, 1887 (also occurring in
mainland China (Li et al., 1995b)).
Marsdenia hainanensis Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: 206, 1936 (also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Li et al., 1995a)).
Marsdenia lachnostoma Benth., Fl. Hongk.: 226, 1861 (also occurring in Hong
Kong and SE Asia (Li et al., 1995b)).
Parabarium hainanense Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2: 123, 1934 (accepted name:
Urceola quintaretii (Pierre) D. J. Middleton, Novon 4: 151, 1994, also occurring in
mainland China and SE Asia (Li et al., 1995b)).
Parsonsia howii Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2: 167, 1934 (also occurring in Vietnam (D.
Middleton, pers. comm.)).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 329
Sindechites chinensis (Merr.) Markgr. & Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: 152, 1936 (also
occurring in SE Asia (Li et al., 1995b)).
Tylophora cycleoides Y. Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: 224, 1936 (also occurring in
mainland China (Li et al., 1995a)).
AQUIFOLIACEAE
Ilex kaushue S. Y. Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 30: 372, 1949 (also occurring in mainland
China (Chen et al., 2008a)).
Ilex revoluta P. C. Tam, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 356, 1963 (accepted name: Ilex tamii
T. R. Dudley, Hollies Gen. Ilex: 244, 1997, also occurring in mainland China
(Chen et al., 2008a)).
ARACEAE
Alocasia hainanensis K. Krause in Engler, Pflanzenr. Arac. Colocas.: 91, 1920
(accepted name: Alocasia hainanica N. E. Brown, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 183,
1903, also occurring in Vietnam (Li & Zhu, 2009)).
ARALIACEAE
Schefflera hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 295, 1935 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Shang & Lowry, 2007)).
ARECACEAE
Calamus pulchellus Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 13: 597, 1937 (also occurring
in mainland China (Henderson & Guo, 2008; Pei et al., 2009)).
Plectocomia microstachys Burret, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 15: 731, 1942
(also occurring in mainland China (Henderson & Guo, 2008; Pei et al.,
2009)).
ASTERACEAE
Inula intermedia C. C. Chang & Y. C. Tseng, Fl. Hainan. 3: 584, 1974 (accepted
name: Duhaldea chinensis DC., Prodr. 5: 366, 1836, also occurring in mainland
China, India, and SE Asia (Chen & Anderberg, 2009)).
Vernonia chunii C. C. Chang, Sunyatsenia 3: 272, 1937 (accepted name: Strobocalyx
chunii, endemic to Hainan (Robinson et al., 2008)).
BERBERIDACEAE
Mahonia hainanensis C. M. Hu, Z. X. Li & F. W. Xing, Guihaia 14: 18, 1994
(accepted name: Mahonia oiwakensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 1, 1916, also
occurring in mainland China and Taiwan (The Biodiversity Committee of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2008; D. Boufford, unpublished)).
330 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
CELASTRACEAE
Euonymus fengii Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 44, 1958 (accepted
name: Glyptopetalum fengii, endemic to Hainan (Liu & Funston, 2008a)).
Euonymus geloniifolius Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 45, 1958
(accepted name: Glyptopetalum geloniifolium (Chun & F. C. How) C. Y. Cheng,
Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 45(3): 94, 1999, also occurring in mainland China (Liu
& Funston, 2008a)).
Euonymus longipedicellatus Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 36, 1934 (accepted name:
Glyptopetalum longipedicellatum (Merr. & Chun) C. Y. Cheng, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis
Sin. 45(3): 90, 1999, also occurring in mainland China (Liu & Funston, 2008a)).
Gymnosporia hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 267, 1935 (accepted name:
Maytenus hainanensis, endemic to Hainan (Liu & Funston, 2008b)).
Loeseneriella merrilliana A. C. Smith, J. Arnold Arbor. 26: 172, 1945 (also
occurring in mainland China (Peng & Funston, 2008)).
CLUSIACEAE
Garcinia oligantha Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 22: 254, 1923 (also occurring in mainland
China and Vietnam (Li et al., 2007)).
CONVOLVULACEAE
Jacquemontia paniculata (Burm. f.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 541, 1893 (also
occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, Australia, India, Indonesia, Pacific Islands,
and SE Asia (Fang & Staples, 1995)).
Merremia hainanensis H. S. Kiu, Fl. Hainan. 3: 587, 1974 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Staples 2010)).
CYPERACEAE
Carex laxisquamata T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 535, 1977 (accepted name:
Carex breviscapa C. B. Clarke in Hook., Fl. Brit. India 6: 736, 1894, also occurring
in mainland China, Taiwan, Australia, India, Indonesia, and SE Asia (Dai et al.,
2009)).
Carex saxicola T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 535, 1977 (also occurring in
mainland China (Dai et al., 2009)).
Fimbristylis pauciflora R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl.: 225, 1810 (also occurring in
mainland China, Australia, and India (Govaerts & Simpson, 2007)).
Hypolytrum hainanense (Merr.) T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin.
11: 201, 1961 (also occurring in Vietnam (Dai, 2009)).
Mariscus compactus (Retz.) Bold., Zakfl. Land. Java: 77, 1916 (accepted name:
Cyperus compactus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 10, 1788, also occurring in mainland
China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, SE Asia, N Australia, and Madagascar (Govaerts
& Simpson, 2007)).
Scirpus hainanensis S. M. Huang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 538, 1977 (also occurring in
mainland China (S. Zhang, pers. comm.)).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 331
DIOSCOREACEAE
Dioscorea cirrhosa Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 625, 1790 (also occurring in mainland
China, Taiwan, and SE Asia (Ting & Gilbert, 2000)).
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
Hopea exalata W. T. Lin, Y. Y. Yang & Q. S. Hsue, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 87, 1978
(accepted name: Hopea reticulata Tardieu, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 123, 1942, also
occurring in Vietnam (Li & Ashton, 2007)).
Hopea hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 134, 1940 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Li & Ashton, 2007)).
EBENACEAE
Diospyros metcalfii Chun & L. Chen, Sunyatsenia 3: 119, 1936 (also occurring in
mainland China (Lee et al., 1996)).
ELAEOCARPACEAE
Elaeocarpus hainanensis Oliv., Hooker’s. Icon. Pl. 25: 2462, 1896 (also occurring in
mainland China and SE Asia (Tang & Phengklai, 2007)).
Elaeocarpus limitaneus Hand.-Mazz., Sinensia 3: 193, 1933 (also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Tang & Phengklai, 2007)).
ERICACEAE
Pieris obliquinervis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 157, 1940 (accepted name: Lyonia
ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(1, lief 37): 44,
1889 var. lanceolata (Wall.) Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 788, 1936, also occurring
in mainland China, India, and SE Asia (Fang & Stevens, 2005)).
Rhododendron simiarum Hance, J. Bot. 19: 243, 1881 (also occurring in mainland
China (Fang & Chamberlain, 2005)).
EUPHORBIACEAE
Actephila merrilliana Chun, Sunyatsenia 3: 26, 1935 (also occurring in mainland
China (Li & Gilbert, 2008a)).
Andrachne hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 102, 1940 (accepted name:
Leptopus hainanensis, endemic to Hainan (Li & Vorontsova, 2008)).
Antidesma apiculatum Hemsl., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 430, 1894 (accepted name:
Antidesma montanum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 17: 1124, 1827, also occurring in
mainland China, Taiwan, Australia, India, Japan, Indonesia, and SE Asia (Li &
Hoffmann, 2008)).
Antidesma maclurei Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 248, 1923 (also occurring in Vietnam
(Li & Hoffmann, 2008)).
332 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Antidesma pseudomicrophyllum Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 496, 1940 (accepted
name: Antidesma montanum var. microphyllum (Hemsley) Petra Hoffm., Kew
Bull. 54: 357, 1999, also occurring in mainland China and SE Asia (Li &
Hoffmann, 2008)).
Blachia chunii Y. T. Chang & P. T. Li ex P. T. Li, J. S. China Agric. Univ. 21(4): 59,
2000 (accepted name: Blachia siamensis Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 71: 620,
1924, also occurring in mainland China and Thailand (Li & Gilbert, 2008b)).
Blachia yaihsienensis F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 11(4): 57, 1991
(accepted name: Blachia jatrophifolia Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenr.
Euphorb. Clu.: 39, 1911, also occurring in SE Asia (Li & Gilbert, 2008b)).
Claoxylon hainanense Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenr. Euphorb.-Mercurial:
128, 1914 (also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Chiu & Gilbert, 2008a)).
Cleistanthus dongfangensis (P. T. Li) H. S. Kiu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 454, 1989
(accepted name: Cleistanthus concinnus Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 41, 1942,
also occurring in Vietnam (Li & Dressler, 2008)).
Cnesmone anisosepala (Merr. & Chun) Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 429, 1941
(accepted name: Cnesmone tonkinensis (Gagnep.) Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 22:
429, 1941, also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Chiu & Gillespie, 2008)).
Cnesmone hainanensis (Merr. & Chun) Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 22: 430, 1941 (also
occurring in mainland China (Chiu & Gillespie, 2008)).
Croton olivaceus Y. T. Chang & P. T. Li, Guihaia 8: 54, 1988 (accepted name:
Croton lauioides Radcl.-Sm. & Govaerts, Kew Bull. 52: 187, 1997, also occurring
in mainland China (Li & Esser, 2008a)).
Drypetes congestiflora Chun & T. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 175, 1963 (also
occurring in mainland China and Philippines (Li & Gilbert, 2008c)).
Drypetes hainanensis Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 134, 1925 (also occurring in SE
Asia (Li & Gilbert, 2008c)).
Drypetes nienkui Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 258, 1935 (accepted name: Drypetes
indica (Müll. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. in Engler, Pflanzenr.-Euphorb.-Phyllan-
thoid.-Phyllanth.: 278, 1921, also occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, India, and
SE Asia (Li & Gilbert, 2008c)).
Euphorbia lingiana C. Shih, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 276, 1963 (accepted name:
Euphorbia atoto G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 36, 1786, also occurring in mainland
China, Taiwan, Australia, India, Indonesia, Pacific Islands, and SE Asia (Ma &
Gilbert, 2008)).
Macaranga bracteata Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 281, 1930 (accepted name:
Macaranga andamanica Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 389, 1877, also occurring in
mainland China, India, and SE Asia (Chiu & Gilbert, 2008b)).
Mallotus grossedentatus Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 98, 1940 (accepted name:
Mallotus esquirolii H. Lév., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 327, 1911, also
occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Chiu & Gilbert, 2008c)).
Sapium laui Croizat, J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 505, 1940 (accepted name: Triadica
cochinchinensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 610, 1790, also occurring in mainland
China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, and SE Asia (Li & Esser, 2008b)).
Trigonostemon fungii Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 47, 1932 (accepted name:
Trigonostemon chinensis Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 498, 1922, also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Li & Gilbert, 2008d)).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 333
Trigonostemon howii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 262, 1935 (also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Li & Gilbert, 2008d)).
FABACEAE
Amphicarpaea linearis Chun & T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 23, 1958 (also
occurring in mainland China (ILDIS, 2009)).
Bauhinia hainanensis H. Y. Chen, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 132, 1938 (also occurring in
mainland China (Huang, 1997; Zhang et al., 2009)).
Dalbergia odorifera T. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 351, 1963 (also occurring in
mainland China (Chen & Larsen, 2009)).
Derris hainanensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 77, 1913 (accepted name:
Paraderris hainanensis, endemic to Hainan (Chen & Pedley, 2009)).
Indigofera chuniana F. P. Metcalf, Sunyatsenia 4: 155, 1940 (accepted name:
Indigofera colutea (Burm. f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 19: 355, 1921, also occurring
in mainland China (Gao & Schrire, 2009)).
Indigofera hainanensis Tsai & T. T. Yu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 30, 1936
(accepted name: Indigofera wightii Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.: 202,
1834, also occurring in mainland China (Gao & Schrire, 2009)).
Ormosia howii Merr. & Chen, Sargentia 3: 112, 1943 (also occurring in mainland
China (ILDIS, 2009)).
Ormosia inflata Merr. & Chen, Sargentia 3: 100, 1943 (also occurring in mainland
China and Vietnam (ILDIS, 2009)).
FAGACEAE
Lithocarpus brachystachyus Chun, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 230, 1947 (also occurring in
mainland China (Huang et al., 1999)).
Lithocarpus caudatilimbus (Merr.) A. Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 6: 185, 1938 (also
occurring in mainland China (Huang et al., 1999)).
Lithocarpus elaeagnifolius (Seemen) Chun, J. Arnold Arbor. 9: 151, 1928 (also
occurring in Vietnam (Huang et al., 1999)).
Lithocarpus fenestrata (Roxb.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 126, 1919 (also
occurring in mainland China, India, and SE Asia (Huang et al., 1999)).
Lithocarpus howii Chun, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 235, 1947 (also occurring in mainland
China (Huang et al., 1999)).
Quercus insularis Chun & P. C. Tam, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 208, 1965 (accepted
name: Cyclobalanopsis phanera (Chun) Y. C. Hsu & H. W. Jen, Acta Bot.
Yunnan. 1(1): 148, 1979, also occurring in mainland China (Huang et al., 1999)).
Quercus basellata Chun & W. C. Ko, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 35, 1958 (accepted
name: Cyclobalanopsis phanera, also occurring in mainland China (Huang et al.,
1999)).
Trigonobalanus verticillata Forman, Taxon 11: 140, 1962 (also occurring in SE Asia
(Ng & Lin, 2008)).
Species of uncertain status
Castanopsis undulatifolia G. A. Fu, Guihaia 14: 301, 1994 (Huang et al., 1999).
334 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
GESNERIACEAE
Lysionotus hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 321, 1935 (accepted name:
Lysionotus pauciflorus Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 19: 534, 1874,
also occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, Japan, and Vietnam (Wang et al., 1998)).
HAMAMELIDACEAE
Sycopsis salicifolia E. Walker, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 341, 1944 (accepted name:
Distyliopsis salicifolia, endemic to Hainan (Zhang et al., 2003)).
Altingia obovata Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 238, 1935 (accepted name:
Altingia chinensis (Champ. ex Benth.) Oliv. ex Hance, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 13: 103,
1873, also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Ickert-Bond et al., 2007)).
LAMIACEAE
Callicarpa brevipes (Benth.) Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 5, 5: 233, 1866
(accepted name: Callicarpa dentosa (H. T. Chang) W. Z. Fang, Fl. Reipubl.
Popularis Sin. 1: 300, 1951, also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Chen
& Gilbert, 1994)).
Callicarpa kochiana Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 28: 181, 1914 (also occurring in
mainland China, Japan, Taiwan, and Vietnam (Chen & Gilbert, 1994)).
Callicarpa longibracteata Hung T. Chang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 277, 1951
(endemic to Hong-Kong (Chen & Gilbert, 1994)).
Dysophylla stellata (Lour.) Benth. in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 30, 1830 (accepted
name: Pogostemon stellatus (Lour.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 429, 1891, also
occurring in mainland China, Australia, India, Japan, and SE Asia (Li & Hedge, 1994)).
Paraphlomis pagantha Dunn, Fl. Indo-Chine 4: 1015, 1936 (accepted name:
Paraphlomis lancidentata Y. Z. Sun, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser.
10: 30, 1935, also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Suddee & Paton,
2006)).
Premna maclurei Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 330, 1928 (also occurring in Vietnam
(Govaerts, 2003a)).
Premna octonervia Merr. & F. P. Metcalf, J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 354, 1939 (also
occurring in SE Asia (Govaerts, 2003a)).
Sphenodesme floribunda Chun & F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 79, 1958 (also
occurring in mainland China (Chen & Gilbert, 1994)).
LAURACEAE
Alseodaphne hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 13: 57, 1934 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Li et al., 2008a)).
Beilschmiedia glauca S. K. Lee & L. F. Lau, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 193, 1963 (also
occurring in mainland China (Li et al., 2008b)).
Cryptocarya howii C. K. Allen, J. Arnold Arbor. 23: 458, 1942 (accepted name:
Cryptocarya metcalfiana, endemic to Hainan (Li et al., 2008c)).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 335
Machilus cicatricosa S. K. Lee, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 182, 1963 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Wei & Van Der Werff, 2008)).
Machilus dinganensis S. K. Lee & F. N. Wei, Guihaia 4: 94, 1984 (also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Wei & Van Der Werff, 2008)).
Machilus lohuiensis S. K. Lee, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 184, 1963 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Wei & Van Der Werff, 2008)).
Machilus wenchangensis G. A. Fu & X. J. Hong, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 26: 2, 2004
(accepted name: Machilus lohuiensis, also occurring in Vietnam (Wei & Van Der
Werff, 2008)).
Neolitsea ellipsoidea C. K. Allen, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 428, 1937 (also
occurring in mainland China (F. N. Wei, pers. comm.)).
Neolitsea oblongifolia Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 234, 1935 (also occurring in
mainland China (Huang & Van Der Werff, 2008)).
LILIACEAE
Aspidistra hainanensis Chun & F. C. How, Fl. Hainan. 4: 533, 1977 (also occurring
in mainland China (Liang & Tamura, 2000)).
Ophiopogon reversus C. C. Huang, Fl. Hainan. 4: 534, 1977 (also occurring in
mainland China (Chen & Tamura, 2000)).
LYTHRACEAE
Rotala kainantensis Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 251, 1943 (accepted
name: Rotala hexandra Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 167, 1880, also occurring in
mainland China, Central Asia, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and SE
Asia (Qin & Graham, 2007)).
Sonneratia ×hainanensis W. C. Ko, E. Y. Chen & W. Y. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin.
23: 311, 1985 (this taxon is the natural hybrid Sonneratia alba Sm. × S. ovata
Backer (Qin et al., 2007)).
MAGNOLIACEAE
Magnolia albosericea Chun & C. H. Tsoong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 117, 1964
(accepted name: Lirianthe albosericea, endemic to Hainan (Xia et al., 2008)).
Manglietia albistaminea Y. W. Law, R. Z. Zhou & X. S. Qin, Novon 16: 260,
2006 (accepted name: Manglietia fordiana Oliv., Hooker’s. Icon. Pl. 20: 1953,
1891 var. hainanensis (Dandy) N. H. Xia, Fl. China 7: 58, 2008, this variety is
endemic to Hainan (Xia et al., 2008)).
Manglietia hainanensis Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 204, 1930 (accepted name:
Manglietia fordiana var. hainanensis, this variety is endemic to Hainan (Xia
et al., 2008)).
Michelia rubriflora Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou, Pakistan J. Bot. 37: 559, 2005
(accepted name: Michelia mediocris Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 47, 1928, also occurring in
mainland China and SE Asia (Xia et al., 2008)).
336 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
MALVACEAE
Decaschistia nervifolia Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 252, 1943
(accepted name: Decaschistia mouretii Gagnep., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 1: 79, 1909
var. nervifolia (Masam.) H. S. Kiu, Guihaia 14: 304, 1994, this variety is endemic
to Hainan (Tang et al., 2007a)).
Grewia concolor Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 35, 1935 (also occurring in mainland
China (Tang et al., 2007b)).
Heritiera parvifolia Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 137, 1925 (also occurring in India and
SE Asia (Tang et al., 2007c)).
Microcos chungii (Merr.) Chun, Sunyatsenia 4: 196, 1940 (also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Tang et al., 2007b)).
MARANTACEAE
Phrynium hainanense T. L. Wu & S. J. Chen, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 16(2): 162,
1981 (also occurring in mainland China, India, and Vietnam (Wu & Kennedy,
2000)).
MELASTOMATACEAE
Medinilla hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 292, 1935 (accepted name:
Medinilla rubicunda (Jack) Blume, Flora 14: 512, 1831, also occurring in
mainland China, India, and SE Asia (Chen & Renner, 2007)).
Osbeckia kainantensis Masam., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 33: 253, 1943
(accepted name: Osbeckia chinensis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 345, 1753, also occurring in
mainland China, Taiwan, Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, and SE Asia (Chen &
Renner, 2007)).
Scorpiothyrsus glabrifolius H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 34, 1944 (accepted name:
Scorpiothyrsus xanthostictus, endemic to Hainan (Chen & Renner, 2007)).
Scorpiothyrsus oligotrichus H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 34, 1944 (accepted name:
Scorpiothyrsus erythrotrichus, endemic to Hainan (Chen & Renner, 2007)).
Scorpiothyrsus xanthotrichus (Merr. & Chun) H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 35,
1944 (accepted name: Scorpiothyrsus erythrotrichus, endemic to Hainan (Chen &
Renner, 2007)).
MELIACEAE
Aglaia tsangii Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 6: 280, 1930 (accepted name: Aglaia lawii
(Wight) C. J. Saldanha ex Ramamoorthy in Saldanha & Nicolson, Fl. Hassan
Dist.: 392, 1976, also occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, India, Indian Ocean
Islands, Indonesia, Pacific Islands, and SE Asia (Peng & Pannell, 2008)).
Munronia simplicifolia Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 18, 1935 (accepted name:
Munronia unifoliolata Oliv., Hooker’s. Icon. Pl. 18: 1709, 1887, also occurring
in mainland China and Vietnam (Peng & Bartholomew, 2008)).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 337
MORACEAE
Taxotrophis aquifolioides W. C. Ko, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 353, 1963
(accepted name: Streblus ilicifolius (Vidal) Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore
19: 227, 1962, also occurring in mainland China, India, and SE Asia (Zhou &
Gilbert, 2003)).
MYRSINACEAE
Ardisia chinensis Benth., Fl. Hongk.: 207, 1861 (also occurring in mainland China,
Taiwan, Japan and SE Asia (Chen & Pipoly, 1996)).
Ardisia crassinervosa E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 86, 1940 (accepted name:
Ardisia crenata Sims, Bot. Mag. 45: 1950, 1817 subsp. crassinervosa (E. Walker)
C. M. Hu & J. E. Vidal, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 4(4): 7, 1996, also occurring in SE
Asia (Chen & Pipoly, 1996; C. M. Hu, pers. comm.)).
Ardisia crassirhiza Z. X. Li & F. W. Xing ex C. M. Hu., Bot. J. South China, 1: 9,
1992 (accepted name: Ardisia crenata subsp. crassinervosa, also occurring in SE
Asia (Chen & Pipoly, 1996; C. M. Hu, pers. comm.)).
Ardisia nervosa E. Walker, Philipp. J. Sci. 73: 88, 1940 (accepted name: Ardisia
crenata subsp. crassinervosa, also occurring in SE Asia (Chen & Pipoly, 1996;C.
M. Hu, pers. comm.)).
MYRTACEAE
Cleistocalyx conspersipunctatus Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 18: 335,
1937 (accepted name: Syzygium conspersipunctatum, endemic to Hainan (Chen &
Craven, 2007)).
Pyrenocarpa hainanensis (Merr.) H. T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ.
Sunyatseni 1975(1): 63, 1975 (accepted name: Decaspermum hainanense,
endemic to Hainan).
Pyrenocarpa teretis H. T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni
1975(1): 64, 1975 (accepted name: Decaspermum teretis, endemic to Hainan
(Chen & Craven, 2007)).
Syzygium chunianum Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 240, 1938 (also
occurring in mainland China (Chen & Craven, 2007)).
Syzygium fluviatile (Hemsl.) Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 241, 1938
(also occurring in mainland China (Chen & Craven, 2007)).
Syzygium myrsinifolium (Hance) Merr. & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 226,
1938 (also occurring in mainland China (Chen & Craven, 2007)).
OLEACEAE
Jasminum cordatulum (L. C. Chia) L. C. Chia, Fl. Hainan. 3: 205, 576, 1974
(accepted name: Jasminum pierreanum Gagnep., Bull. Bot. Soc. France 80: 76,
1933, also occurring in SE Asia (Chang et al., 1996)).
338 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Jasminum pilosicalyx Kobuski, J. Arnold Arbor. 20: 68, 1939 (accepted name:
Jasminum craibianum Kerr, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 27, 1938, also
occurring in Thailand (Chang et al., 1996)).
Linociera hainanensis Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 168, 1940 (accepted name:
Chionanthus hainanensis, endemic to Hainan (Chang et al., 1996)).
Linociera leucoclada Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 170, 1940 (accepted name:
Chionanthus brachythyrsus (Merr.) P. S. Green, Kew Bull. 50: 326, 1995, also
occurring in Vietnam (Chang et al., 1996)).
Linociera parvilimba Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 169, 1940 (accepted name: Olea
parvilimba, endemic to Hainan (Chang et al., 1996)).
Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 52, 1837 (accepted name:
Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 106, 1820, also occurring in mainland
China, Taiwan, Australia, India, Nepal, Pacific Islands, and Vietnam (Chang et al.,
1996)).
Myxopyrum hainanense L. C. Chia, Fl. Hainan. 3: 577, 1974 (accepted name:
Myxopyrum pierrei Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 78, 1933, also occurring
in SE Asia (Chang et al., 1996)).
Osmanthus didymopetalus P. S. Green, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 536,
1958 (also occurring in mainland China (Ye et al., 2006)).
Osmanthus hainanensis P. S. Green, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 504, 1958
(also occurring in mainland China (Xu et al., 2005)).
ORCHIDACEAE
Ania hookeriana (King & Pantl.) Summerh., Bot. Mag. 161: 9553, 1939 (accepted
name: Tainia penangiana Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 820, 1890, also occurring in
mainland China, Taiwan, India, and SE Asia (Chen & Wood, 2009a)).
Bulbophyllum hastatum T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 44, 1974
(accepted name: Bulbophyllum depressum King & Pantl., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal Pt.
2 Nat. Hist. 66: 585, 1895, also occurring in mainland China, India, and SE Asia
(Chen & Vermeulen, 2009)).
Ceratostylis caespitosa (Rolfe) T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 87,
1951 (accepted name: Ceratostylis hainanensis, endemic to Hainan (Chen &
Wood, 2009b)).
Dendrobium changjiangense S. J. Cheng & C. Z. Tang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 98,
1980 (accepted name: Oxystophyllum changjiangense, endemic to Hainan (Chen
& Wood, 2009c)).
Didymoplexiella hainanensis X. H. Jin & S. C. Chen, Novon 14: 176, 2004
(accepted name: Didymoplexiopsis khiriwongensis Seidenfaden, Contr. Orchid Fl.
Thailand 13: 13, 1997, also occurring in Thailand and Vietnam (Chen et al., 2009a)).
Eria bulbophylloides T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 42, 1974
(accepted name: Campanulorchis thao (Gagnep.) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood, Fl.
China 25: 346, 2009, also occurring in Vietnam (Chen et al., 2009c)).
Eria hainanensis Rolfe, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 16, 1903 (accepted name:
Dendrolirium tomentosum (J. König) S. C. Chen & J. J. Wood, Fl. China 25:
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 339
350, 2009, also occurring in mainland China, India, and SE Asia (Chen et al.,
2009d)).
Hetaeria hainanensis T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 35, 1974
(accepted name: Hetaeria anomala Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 1: 185, 1857,
also occurring in Taiwan, India, and SE China (Chen et al., 2009b)).
Liparis subplicata T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 40, 1974 (accepted
name: Liparis bootanensis Griff., Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 278, 1851, also occurring in
Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Japan, and SE China (Chen et al., 2009e)).
Phalaenopsis hainanensis T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 47, 1974
(also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Chen & Wood, 2009d)).
Schoenorchis hainanensis (Rolfe) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1:
986, 1913 (accepted name: Schoenorchis gemmata (Lindl.) J. J. Sm., Natuurk.
Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië. 72: 100, 1912, also occurring in mainland China, India, and
SE Asia (Chen & Wood, 2009e)).
Thrixspermum austrosinense T. Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 46,
1974 (accepted name: Thrixspermum annamense (Guillaum.) Garay, Bot. Mus.
Leafl. 23: 206, 1972, also occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, and SE Asia
(Chen & Wood, 2009f)).
Thrixspermum hainanense (Rolfe) Schltr., Orchis 5: 55, 1911 (accepted name:
Thrixspermum centipeda Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 2: 520, 1790, also occurring in
mainland China, India, Indonesia, and SE Asia (Chen & Wood, 2009f)).
Vanda subconcolor Tang & F. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 48, 1974 (also
occurring in mainland China (Chen & Bell, 2009)).
PANDANACEAE
Pandanus austrosinensis T. L. Wu, Fl. Hainan. 4: 535, 1977 (also occurring in
mainland China Sun & DeFilipps, 2009)).
PENTAPHYLACACEAE
Cleyera obscurinervia (Merr. & Chun) Hung T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni
5(2): 28, 1959 (also occurring in mainland China (Min & Bartholomew, 2007)).
Eurya cuneata Kobuski, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 317, 1938 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Min & Bartholomew, 2007)).
PINACEAE
Pinus massoniana Lamb., Descr. Pinus 1: 17, 1803 (also occurring in mainland
China (Fu et al., 1999)).
POACEAE
Arthraxon hainanensis Y. L. Keng & S. L. Chen, Fl. Hainan. 4: 538, 1977 (accepted
name: Arthraxon castratus (Griff.) Bor, Fl. Assam 5: 376, 1940, also occurring in
Australia, India, and SE Asia (Chen & Phillips, 2006a)).
340 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Arundinaria hirtivaginata W. T. Lin, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 12: 354, 1992 (accepted
name: Pseudosasa hindsii (Munro) S. L. Chen & G. Y. Sheng ex T. G. Liang,
Fujian Bamboos: 142, 1987, also occurring in mainland China (Chu et al., 2006)).
Bambusa austrosinensis N. H. Xia, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 1(1): 8, 1993 (accepted
name: Bambusa remotiflora (Kuntze) L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 18: 214, 1980, also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Ohrnberger,
1999; Li & Stapleton, 2006)).
Digitaria heterantha (Hook. f.) Merr., Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 1: 54, 1923 (also
occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, Indonesia, and SE Asia (Chen & Phillips,
2006b)).
Eragrostis pulchra S. C. Sun & H. Q. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19: 511, 1981
(accepted name: Eragrostis multicaulis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 426, 1854,
also occurring in mainland China, India, Japan, and SE Asia (Chen & Peterson,
2006)).
Eulalia nana Y. L. Keng & S. L. Chen, Fl. Hainan. 4: 539, 1977 (accepted name:
Polytrias indica (Houtt.) Veldkamp Blumea 36: 180, 1991 var. nana (Y. L. Keng
& S. L. Chen) S. M. Phillips & S. L. Chen, Novon 15: 470, 2005, this variety is
endemic to Hainan (Chen & Phillips, 2006c)).
Garnotia maxima Santos, Nat. Appl. Sci. Bull. Univ. Philipp. 10: 89, 1950 (accepted
name: Garnotia patula (Munro) Benth., Fl. Hongk.: 416, 1861, also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Wu & Phillips, 2006)).
Hymenachne insulicola (Steud.) L. Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 10(1): 298, 1990
(accepted name: Panicum auritum Nees, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 176, 1829, also
occurring in mainland China, Indonesia, India, and SE Asia (Chen & Renvoize,
2006)).
Indocalamus pseudosinicus McClure, Sunyatsenia 6: 37, 1941 (also occurring in
mainland China (Wang & Stapleton, 2006)).
Lingnania fimbriligulata McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9, 35, 1940 (accepted
name: Bambusa remotiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.: 760, 1891, also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Li & Stapleton, 2006)).
Monocladus levigatus L. C. Chia, H. L. Fung & Y. L. Yang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 26:
216, 1988 (accepted name: Bonia levigata, endemic to Hainan (Xia & Stapleton,
2006)).
Urochloa cordata S. L. Chen & Y. X. Jin., Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 472, 1984
(accepted name: Urochloa setigera (Retzius) Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. Africa 9:
598, 1920, also occurring in mainland China, India, Nepal, and SE Asia (Chen &
Phillips, 2006d)).
Species of uncertain status
Bambusa concava W. T. Lin, J. Bamboo Res. 16(3): 24, 1997 (description based on
sterile material).
Dinochloa orenuda McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 18, 1940 (description
based on sterile material).
Dinochloa puberula McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 19, 1940 (description
based on sterile material).
Dinochloa utilis McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 20, 1940 (description based
on sterile material).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 341
Sasa hainanensis C. D. Chu & C. S. Chao, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 31, 1980
(description based on sterile material).
Semiarundinaria shapoensis McClure, Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bull. 9: 54, 1940
(description based on sterile material).
POLYGALACEAE
Polygala insularis C. Y. Wu & S. K. Chen, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 2: 80, 1980
(accepted name: Polygala wuzhishanensis, endemic to Hainan (Chen et al.,
2008b)).
RHAMNACEAE
Smythea nitida Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 136, 1925 (accepted name: Ventilago
leiocarpa Benth., J. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 77, 1861, also occurring in mainland
China, India, and SE Asia (Chen & Schirarend, 2007)).
Ziziphus laui Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 32, 1935 (also occurring in Vietnam (Chen
& Schirarend, 2007)).
RUBIACEAE
Adina hainanensis F. C. How, Sunyatsenia 6: 240, 1946 (accepted name:
Pertusadina metcalfii (H. L. Li) Y. F. Deng & C. M. Hu, Blumea 51: 559,
2006, also occurring in mainland China and Thailand (Govaerts et al.,
2009)).
Argostemma saxatile Chun & F. C. How, Fl. Hainan. 3: 578, 1974 (also occurring in
mainland China (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Canthium spinosissimum Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 56, 1932 (accepted name:
Fagerlindia depauperata (Drake) Tirveng., Nordic J. Bot. 3: 458, 1983, also
occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Hedyotis ampliflora Hance, J. Bot. 17: 11, 1879 (also occurring in Vietnam
(Govaerts et al., 2009)).
Hedyotis obliquinervis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 56, 1935 (also occurring in
mainland China (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Hedyotis ovata Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 29: 161, 1883 (also
occurring in Vietnam (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Ixora effusa Chun & F. C. How, Fl. Hainan. 3: 580, 1974 (also occurring in
mainland China (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Morinda officinalis F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 326, 1958 (also occurring in
mainland China (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Oldenlandia cryptantha (Dunn) Chun, Sunyatsenia 1: 311, 1934 (accepted name:
Hedyotis cryptantha, endemic to Hainan (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Oldenlandia hainanensis Chun, Sunyatsenia 1: 311, 1934 (accepted name: Hedyotis
hainanensis, endemic to Hainan (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Oldenlandia paridifolia (Dunn) Chun, Sunyatsenia 1: 313, 1934 (accepted name:
Hedyotis paridifolia, endemic to Hainan (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
342 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Ophiorrhiza hainanensis Y. C. Tseng, Fl. Hainan. 3: 582, 1974 (accepted name:
Ophiorrhiza nutans C. B. Clarke in Hook., Fl. Brit. India 3: 84, 1880, also
occurring in mainland China and Himalayas (Govaerts et al., 2009)).
Oxyceros rectispina (Merr.) T. Yamaz., J. Jap. Bot. 45: 340, 1970 (accepted name:
Benkara rectispina, endemic to Hainan (C. Taylor, pers. comm.)).
Paederia stenobotrya Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 57, 1932 (also occurring in
mainland China (R. J. Wang, pers. comm.)).
Psychotria laui Merr. & F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 16: 403, 1937 (accepted name:
Cephaelis laui (Merr. & F. P. Metcalf) F. C. How & W. C. Ko, Fl. Hainan 3: 1974,
also occurring in Vietnam (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Randia hainanensis Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 58, 1932 (accepted name: Oxyceros
griffithii (Hook. f.) W. C. Chen, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 71(1): 346, 1999, also
occurring in mainland China (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Randia merrillii Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 46, 1934 (accepted name: Aidia cochinchi-
nensis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 143, 1790, also occurring in mainland China,
Taiwan, SE Asia, and Pacific Islands (Chen & Zhu, 2009 (as Aidia merrillii
(Chun) Tirveng., Adansonia Sér. 4, 8: 271, 1987))).
Randia rectispina Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 14: 60, 1935 (accepted name: Benkara
rectispina, endemic to Hainan (Govaerts et al., 2009)).
Saprosma crassipes H. S. Lo, Bot. J. South China 2: 15, 1993 (also occurring in
mainland China (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Spiradiclis hainanensis H. S. Lo, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 9: 301, 1987 (also occurring in
mainland China (C. Taylor, pers. comm.)).
Tarenna lancilimba W. C. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 141, 1984 (also occurring
in mainland China and Vietnam (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Tarenna tsangii Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 59, 1932 (also occurring in mainland
China (Chen & Zhu, 2009)).
Tsiangia hongkongensis (Seem.) But, H. H. Hsue & P. T. Li, Blumea 31: 311, 1986
(accepted name: Ixora chinensis Lam., Encycl. 3: 344, 1789, also occurring in
mainland China and SE Asia (Govaerts et al., 2009)).
RUTACEAE
Murraya microphylla (Merr. & Chun) Swingle, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 32: 26, 1942
(also occurring in mainland China (Zhang & Hartley, 2008)).
Species of uncertain status:
Fortunella bawangica C. C. Huang, Guihaia 11: 8, 1991 (likely equal to Citrus
japonica Thunb., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 3: 208, 1780 (Zhang &
Mabberley, 2008)).
SAPINDACEAE
Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 7: 209, 1936 (also
occurring in mainland China and SE Asia (Xia & Gadek, 2007)).
Aphania oligophylla (Merr. & Chun) H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 573, 1974 (accepted
name: Lepisanthes oligophylla, endemic to Hainan (Xia & Gadek, 2007)).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 343
Otophora unilocularis (Leenh.) H. S. Lo, Fl. Hainan. 3: 575, 1974 (accepted name:
Lepisanthes unilocularis, endemic to Hainan (Xia & Gadek, 2007)).
SAPOTACEAE
Sarcosperma kachinense (King & Prain) Exell, J. Bot. 69: 100, 1931 (also occurring
in mainland China and Vietnam (Lee & Pennington, 1996)).
Sarcosperma laurinum (Benth.)Hook.f.inBenth.&Hook.f.,Gen.Pl.2:655,
1876 (also occurring in mainland China and Vietnam (Lee & Pennington,
1996)).
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Lindernia megaphylla P. C. Tsoong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 67, 1959 (also occurring
in mainland China (Hong et al., 1998)).
SOLANACEAE
Solanum nienkui Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 318, 1935 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Hop & Phuong, 2005)).
STYRACACEAE
Styrax hainanensis F. C. How, Fl. Hainan. 3: 576, 1974 (also occurring in mainland
China (Huang & Grimes, 1996)).
SYMPLOCACEAE
Symplocos atriolivacea H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 212, 1944 (also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Wu & Nooteboom, 1996)).
Symplocos hainanensis H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 210, 1944 (also occurring in
mainland China (Wu & Nooteboom, 1996)).
Symplocos maclurei Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 260, 1923 (accepted name: Symplocos
adenophylla G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 3, 1837, also occurring in mainland China and
SE Asia (Wu & Nooteboom, 1996)).
Symplocos punctulata Masam. & Syozi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 12: 201, 1950
(accepted name: Symplocos pendula Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 4: 1237, 1848,
also occurring in India and Malaysia (Wu & Nooteboom, 1996)).
THEACEAE
Gordonia hainanensis Hung T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 22(2): 111,
1983 (accepted name: Polyspora hainanensis, endemic to Hainan (Min &
Bartholomew, 2007)).
Parapyrenaria multisepala (Merr. & Chun) Hung T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ.
Sunyatseni 1979(3): 74, 1979 (accepted name: Pyrenaria jonquieriana Lanessan,
Pl. Util. Col. Franc.: 295, 1886 subsp. multisepala (Merr. & Chun) S. X. Yang,
344 J. Francisco-Ortega et al.
Novon 15: 380, 1950, this subspecies is endemic to Hainan (Min & Bartholomew,
2007)).
Tutcheria ovalifolia H. L. Li, J. Arnold Arbor. 25: 209, 1944 (accepted name:
Pyrenaria microcarpa (Dunn) H. Keng, Gard. Bull. Singapore 26: 134, 1972
var. ovalifolia (H. L. Li) T. L. Ming & S. X. Yang, Chin. J. Appl. Environm.
Biol. 3: 287, 1997, also occurring in mainland China and Taiwan (Min &
Bartholomew, 2007)).
URTICACEAE
Laportea hainanensis Merr. & F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 16: 189, 1937 (accepted
name: Dendrocnide stimulans (L. f.) Chew, Gard. Bull. Singapore 21: 206, 1965,
also occurring in mainland China, Taiwan, and SE Asia (Chen et al., 2003)).
Pilea tsiangiana F. P. Metcalf. Lingnan Sci. J. 15: 633, 1936 (also occurring in
mainland China and Vietnam (Chen & Monro, 2003)).
VITACEAE
Cayratia papillata (Hance) Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 118, 1940 (accepted
name: Tetrastigma papillatum (Hance) C. Y. Wu, Chin. J. Appl. Environm. Biol.
1: 312, 1995, also occurring in mainland China (Ren & Wen, 2007a)).
Parthenocissus subferruginea Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 5: 120, 1940 (accepted
name: Cissus repanda Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 18, 1794 var. subferruginea (Merr. &
Chun) C. L. Li, Chin. J. Appl. Environm. Biol. 2: 49, 1996, this variety is
endemic to Hainan Island (Ren & Wen, 2007b)).
Tetrastigma cauliflorum Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 48, 1932 (also occurring in
mainland China, Laos, and Vietnam (Ren & Wen, 2007a)).
Tetrastigma hainanense Chun & F. C. How., Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 65, 1958
(accepted name: Tetrastigma papillatum (Hance) C. Y. Wu, Chin. J. Appl.
Environm. Biol. 1: 312, 1995, also occurring in mainland China (Ren & Wen,
2007a)).
ZINGIBERACEAE
Amomum longiligulare T. L. Wu, Fl. Hainan. 4: 533, 1977 (also occurring in
Vietnam (Govaerts, 2003b)).
Amomum longipetiolatum Merr., Lingnan Sci. J. 11: 40, 1932 (also occurring in
mainland China (Wu & Larsen, 2000)).
Hornstedtia hainanensis T. L. Wu & S. J. Chen, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 38, 1978
(also occurring in mainland China (Wu & Larsen, 2000)).
UNPUBLISHED NAMES ATTRIBUTED TO HAINAN ISLAND ENDEMICS
Although the following two species were reported as endemic to Hainan by Wu et al.
(1994), we have not been able to locate their original descriptions.
Distylium rigidifolium Hung T. Chang (Hamamelidaceae).
Syzygium intermediiforme Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miau (Myrtaceae).
Endemic Seed Plant Species from Hainan Island: A Checklist 345
