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A comparative study on two closely relative Tulipa L. taxa from NE Anatolia
Abstract and Figures
This study presents observations on the anatomical, palynological and ecological features of Tulipa gumusanica Terzioğlu and its morphologically similar relative, T. armena Boiss. var. armena, in order to clarify their similarities and differences. We found that these taxa have some important differences with regard
to anatomical, palynological and ecological features, as well as morphological traits. General anatomical traits of both examined
taxa are similar, both having isolateral leaves with distinct hypodermis and a stem with distinct monolayer collenchyma close
to the epidermis. However, some anatomical characters such as mesophyll width, average number of stomata on lower epidermis,
and epidermal cells on upper epidermis are found to be important in delimiting these taxa. In addition, considerable differences
have been observed in pollen shape and size. The species differ ecologically in that T. gumusanica prefers slightly acidic soil with low organic content in the woodland, whereas T. armena var. armena prefers slightly alkali soil with high organic content in steppe vegetation.
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... There are few morphological and anatomical studies on the different species of the genus Tulipa (Ocak, & al. 2004;Satıl & Akan 2006;Coşkunçelebi & al. 2008). Tulipa armena Boiss. ...
... var. armena were anatomically compared by Coşkunçelebi & al. (2008); it was found that these taxa have some important differences with regard to anatomical features. T. orphanidea has been investigated karyologically by Başak & Özhatay (1997), but there are no morphological and anatomical studies of the species. ...
... Morphology and anatomy of Tulipa orphanidea were examined in this study. There are few morphological and anatomical studies related to the Tulipa species (Ocak & al. 2004;Satıl & Akan 2006;Coşkunçelebi & al. 2008). T. armena Boiss. ...
In this study, the morphological and anatomical features of Tulipa orphanidea (Liliaceae) were investigated. The specimens were collected from Edirne-Üyüklütatar village in April-May of 2009. A detailed description of the plant and of the features of its vegetative organs is provided, and the morphological features of the species are also compared with those reported in the Flora of Turkey. For anatomical investigation, sections of the root, stem, and leaf were cut manually with a razor blade. The adventive root, stem, and leaf anatomy of the species display the common properties of monocotyledons. The stem contains monolayer collenchyma close to the epidermis. The leaves are amphistomatic, and the mesophyll is unifacial.
... There are few morphological and anatomical studies on the different species of the genus Tulipa (Ocak, & al. 2004;Satıl & Akan 2006;Coşkunçelebi & al. 2008). Tulipa armena Boiss. ...
... var. armena were anatomically compared by Coşkunçelebi & al. (2008); it was found that these taxa have some important differences with regard to anatomical features. T. orphanidea has been investigated karyologically by Başak & Özhatay (1997), but there are no morphological and anatomical studies of the species. ...
... Morphology and anatomy of Tulipa orphanidea were examined in this study. There are few morphological and anatomical studies related to the Tulipa species (Ocak & al. 2004;Satıl & Akan 2006;Coşkunçelebi & al. 2008). T. armena Boiss. ...
In this study, the morphological and anatomical features of Tulipa orphanidea (Liliaceae) were investigated. The specimens were collected from Edirne-Üyüklütatar village in April-May of 2009. A detailed description of the plant and of the features of its vegetative organs is provided, and the morphological features of the species are also compared with those reported in the Flora of Turkey. For anatomical investigation, sections of the root, stem, and leaf were cut manually with a razor blade. The adventive root, stem, and leaf anatomy of the species display the common properties of monocotyledons. The stem contains monolayer collenchyma close to the epidermis. The leaves are amphistomatic, and the mesophyll is unifacial.
... armena) and T. gumusanica (currently a synonym of T. armena var. galatica) were reported to have sclerenchyma in their root sections, whereas T. aleppensis and T. orphanidea did not (Coşkunçelebi et al. 2008, Ocak et al. 2004, Satıl & Akan 2006, Soykan & Meriç 2012. According to the anatomical findings in our study, some populations of T. armena, T. julia, T. sintenisii, T. raddii and T. orphanidea contained sclerenchyma, whereas other populations (= T. gumusanica), T. armena var. ...
... According to the anatomical findings in our study, some populations of T. armena, T. julia, T. sintenisii, T. raddii and T. orphanidea contained sclerenchyma, whereas other populations (= T. gumusanica), T. armena var. armena, and T. orphanidea (Coşkunçelebi et al. 2008, Soykan & Meriç 2012 but not in T. aleppensis (Satıl & Akan 2006). However, both collenchyma conditions for T. armena var. ...
This paper comprehensively discusses anatomical features of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in Turkey. These are compared with the current subgeneric classification. Anatomical structures, including transverse sections of the root, stem (scape) and leaf, and surface sections of the leaves are illustrated based on the 420 preparations obtained from 42 OTUs (populations) belonging to 18 taxa. Densities of stomata and epidermis cells per unit leaf area (mm2), stomatal index and ratio of stomata index on the leaf surfaces were also calculated. Cluster and principal component analyses (PCA) were employed, and all results were compared at the population level. In this anatomical study, some significant differences were found among Tulipa taxa, especially at the infrageneric and interspecific levels. The results of anatomical investigations are consistent with published results of previous morphological and molecular analyses. The results of cluster analysis and PCA support the classifications of Veldkamp & Zonneveld and Christenhusz et al. including three subgenera, Eriostemones, Tulipa and Clusianae, but subgenus Orithyia was not included in this study because it is absent from Turkey. Subgenus Eriostemones is divided into two sections, Sylvestres and Saxatiles, following treatments by Baker and Eker et al. In subgenus Tulipa, although morphometric analyses partially supported the taxonomic grouping previously proposed as three separate sections, Tulipa, Tulipanum and Eichleres, it also clearly indicates that considering them as a single section (Tulipa) is perhaps a better option.
... Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) stands out as a prominent cut flower globally. With over 100 species and numerous commercially significant cultivars, it holds a central position in the floral market [1]. The Netherlands takes the lead in tulip production, contributing 88% (14,400 ha) to the global output [2]. ...
Cut tulip flower production, typically cultivated using hydroponic systems, often faces the challenge of stem toppling due to calcium (Ca) deficiency in the nutrient solution. Growers generally grow various tulip cultivars to meet market demands. In hydroponic production, plants require precise nutrient concentrations to promote growth and development, as the food reserves in the mother bulb are insufficient and vary depending on the plant cultivar. This study aimed to assess the impact of different tulip cultivars and Ca deficiency on tulip growth, flowering, and physiological changes. Two cultivars of tulip, namely, ‘Strong Gold’ and ‘Orange Juice’, were subjected to three distinct nutrient solution treatments, namely (1) deionized water (DI) only (without any plant nutrition added), (2) complete solution (Hoagland’s complete nutrient solution), and (3) Ca deficiency solution. The results indicate that the ‘Orange Juice’ tulip was particularly susceptible to Ca deficiency, exhibiting stem toppling and flower abortion similar to those grown in DI. Ca deficiency led to a reduction in root length and leaf area but did not affect the plant height. Additionally, it had a negative impact on bulb qualities, resulting in a decreased bulb fresh weight and bulb circumference in both tulip cultivars. Furthermore, Ca deficiency and DI reduced the photosynthetic rates, and Ca deficiency increased the transpiration rate in the tulip. The leaf concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and Ca were decreased under Ca deficiency and DI, while magnesium (Mg) levels increased under Ca deficiency treatment compared to the complete nutrient solution treatment.
... The number of native tulip species found in the Balkan Peninsula is much less, varying from c. 15 (Hayek 1933) to 22 (Govaerts 2010). Eighteen species have been recorded from European Turkey and Anatolia (Coşkunçelebi et al. 2008;Eker and Babaç 2010). The number of species included in the genus depends on the species concept used and varies from more than a hundred (Hall 1940;Botschantzeva 1982) to about forty (Stork 1984). ...
Tulips are the most popular bulbous ornamentals worldwide. The unique flower shapes, various colors, forms, and size have made them popular in cut flower and landscape industry. This bulbous geophyte is currently occupying the third position in most traded flowers in the world. Modern cultivars (predominantly Tulipa gesneriana) are grown for bulb production, cut flowers, flowering potted plants, and landscaping. Breeding objectives and approaches to achieve the desired characters are discussed on the basis of tulip biology. Besides breeding for aesthetics, the current trend is focused on breeding for environmental reasons, including breeding for resistance to pathogenic fungi and viruses. Precise thoughtfulness is paid to breeding methods: hybridization, mutation, and use of cytological and molecular markers that can reduce the selection method. Tissue culture techniques are being harnessed to overcome extended breeding cycle. The unending popularity of tulips opens up new vistas for exploitation of different traditional and molecular techniques for the development of novel cultivars.
... Generally, several authorities have been studied tulips based on cytogenetic, morphological traits and biochemical markers (Coşkunçelebi et al. 2008;Ocak et al. 2004;Satıl and Akan 2006). The importance of molecular variation studies has already been proved in heterozygous plants, especially in tulips (Pourkhaloee et al. 2018), but still a little information is available. ...
Tulipa (Liliaceae) has around 40-100 species throughout the world. The genetic diversity and population structure have not already been studied by different genetic markers. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of some Tulipa species belonging to the subgenus Eriostemones based on CDDP technique. CDDP results indicated 204 polymorphic bands, thus, revealed a remarkable amount of polymorphism among studied tulips. The STRUCTURE analysis created two distinct clusters (K = 2). Molecular variance analysis displayed more genetic variation within populations (81%). Studied accessions are not well discriminated in distinct geographical groups.
This study presents investigations into the morphological, anatomical and ecological features of Tulipa armena Boiss. var. lycica (Baker) Marais. T. armena var. lycica, an endemic species which was collected from the Eskişehir, Alpu-Bozan plantation area and from Kunduzlar Dam and its environs. The species is a new record for Eskişehir. For morphological studies a description and illustrations of T. armena var. lycica are given. The morphological differences were compared with the Flora of Turkey. For anatomical studies, cross-sections of the root, stem and leaves and surface sections of the leaves of T. armena var. lycica are investigated for the first time. Furthermore, for ecological investigations, the chemical and physical properties of the soil are analysed. The climate of Eskişehir and other climatic features are also given.
In this study, anatomical studies are carried out on some geophytes, Scilla mesopotamica Speta, Tulipa aleppensis Boiss. ex Regel and Asphodeline damascena (Boiss.) Baker subsp. gigantea E. Tuzlaci, distributed in the vicinity Şanliurfa. Among them, S. mesopotamica and A damascena subsp. gigantea are local endemic, but T. aleppensis is a nonendemic which has a rare distribution. In addition, new suggestions are given to their threatened categories, regarding observations on population. In anatomical studies; transverse sections of roots and scapes, superficial and transverse cross-sections of leaves were examined. The similarities and differences among them were determined. Scape anatomical structures of S. mesopotamica and T. aleppensis generally resemble to each other. The scape of A damascena subsp. gigantea, different from the other two species. Leaves of S. mesopotamica and T. aleppensis are unifacial, whereas of A. damascena subsp. gigantea is ecvifacial type. There are raphide crystals in parenchyma cells of S. mesopotamica's roots, scape and leaves, and spherocrystals in epidermis cells of A. damascena subsp. gigantea's scape and leaves. No crystals were found in T. aleppensis.
This study uses numerical methods to describe, illustrate and assess the taxonomic significance of morphological and anatomical features of Scrophularia ilwensis C. Koch, S. capillaris Boiss. & Ball., S. nodosa L., S. libanotica Boiss. var. pontica R. Mill, S. lucida L. and S. cinerascens Boiss. collected from NE Anatolia. Features related to peculiarities of the leaf, bracteole, alar pedicel and corolla were found to be important in separating the taxa morphologically, but principal component analysis of all characters showed some anatomical characters (mean number of stomata, diameter of vascular bundle and scleranchymatic sheath) to be more important than morphological ones in explaining the variation between the examined taxa.
In this study, the taxonomical and ecological features of some geophytes which grow naturally around Denizli province have been investigated. From this research, which was performed between 1996 and 2000, 31 species belonging to 8 families have been determined. Thirteen soil parameters from 31 localities were analysed in order to establish plant and soil relations. The ecological spectra of the species are considered, comprising 16 species in macchie and phrygana (50%); 1 species in fields (1%); 7 species in high mountains (23%) and 8 species in forests (26%).
Pollen grains of 29 Turkish taxa of genus Crocus L. belonging to Iridaceae were examined by light and electron microscopy. The pollen of Crocus is spheroidal in shape, with a thin exine characterized by echinate (spinulate)-microperforate sculpture and a relatively thick intine. Three types of aperture are recognized: a spiral furrow, more or less extensive furrows, and short furrows. Spiral furrows appear to be the most frequent aperture type among the Turkish Crocus species. Apertures vary within some species. The results are compared with those on the pollen morphology of Crocus species previously investigated by several European workers.
Tulipa gumusanica Terzioglu (Liliaceae) is described as a species new to science and illustrated in line drawings. It occurs in the Vilayet Gumushane region of Turkey. The chief characters of T. gumusanica are pure yellow stamens and anthers and distinctly undulate leaves.
In this study, the taxonomical and ecological features of some geophytes which grow naturally around Denizli province
have been investigated. From this research, which was performed between 1996 and 2000, 31 species belonging to 8 families have
been determined. Thirteen soil parameters from 31 localities were analysed in order to establish plant and soil relations. The
ecological spectra of the species are considered, comprising 16 species in macchie and phrygana (50%); 1 species in fields (1%); 7
species in high mountains (23%) and 8 species in forests (26%).
Pollen of 34 species from 7 genera of the Liliaceae were examined by LM and SEM with respect to the taxonomy of the family. Detailed pollenmorphological characteristics are given for all genera in the family on the basis of the results presented here together with data from the literature. The genera Tulipa and Lilium are heterogeneous in both aperture type and exine ornamentation. Pollen of Tulipa is monosulcate, 3-aperturate or inaperturate, with a microreticulate-striate, reticulate-implecto-striate, scabrate, perforate-rugulate, perforate-striate exine surface. Pollen of Lilium is monosulcate and 3-porate with a macroreticulate exine. The other genera are homogeneous in possessing of single longitudinal aperture (type monosulcate). The pattern of exine ornamentation and the structure of the aperture and its membrane are peculiar features for species and genera. Pollen of Erythronium and Tulipa are occasionally operculate, while in other representatives of the Liliaceae an operculum is lacking. Pollen morphological data support the division of the family into 3 tribes, namely Lloydieae, Lilieae, and Tulipeae.