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From e-learning to m-learning through b-learning and s-learning
Abstract
Higher education has undergone a deep change since the Bologna Declaration and with the incorporation of new technologies, learning methods have been benefited by a large number of recent systems based on the combination of various models of education (blended learning). The present paper shows the evolution of e-learning towards other concepts such as b-learning and m-learning, giving examples of real projects inside our University to illustrate this process. Finally, the paper introduces a new learning concept (s-learning), that continues with the philosophy of re-usable educative objects to create encapsulated and re-usable educative services to be easily integrated in LMSs. The general lines of this new e-learning philosophy are described through several examples of advanced services that can be integrated into a LMS.
... In accordance with this, it has been proposed to carry out the systematic review, in which interrelated models are sought that are referent to develop an integrated model. The topics that were used in the systematic review are models and educational methodologies integrated with ICT focused on education, such as e, m, U-learning (Martín et al., 2008). ...
... Nowadays yet its not possible to carry out educational processes without technology and more if they are oriented to the web (Ramírez and Collazos, 2016). Initially, e-learning focused on the web, followed by m-learning with the inclusion of mobile devices, then included the fundamentals of games in different ways to give way to g-learning, also it tried to implement digital television with t-learning (Martín et al., 2008). U-Learning or ubiquitous learning is a concept that groups all ICT with the most important and relevant characteristics to the development of educational processes at any time, place, context and device (Gros et al., 2016a,b). ...
... ICT Information and communications technologyor technologies is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning (Behera, 2013) U-Learning U-Learning is the ubiquitous learning process that can be performed at any time, place, device and context (Gros et al., 2016a,b) M-Learning M-Learning or mobile learning is the learning process that is performed using mobile devices such as smart phones. Its main feature is mobility (Martín et al., 2008) B-Learning B-Learning or Blended learning is a term increasingly used to describe the way e-learning is being combined with traditional classroom methods and independent study (Martín et al., 2008) E-Learning E-Learning or e-learning is the process of learning that is done using the internet and computers to access education (Behera, 2013) Model Graphical or verbal representation or simplified version of a concept, phenomenon, relationship, structure, system, or an aspect of the real world. A representation of a system that allows for investigation of the properties of the system and, in some cases, prediction of future outcomes (Frigg and Hartmann, 2006) Methodology A system of broad principles or rules from which specific methods or procedures may be derived to interpret and used to solve different problems within the scope of a particular discipline (Kitchenham and Charters, 2007) A general search string was defined based on the general concepts of the title of the search and that allowed answering the raised research questions. ...
This paper presents a systematic review of models and methodologies that integrate information and communication technologies (ICT) and education. The systematic review was based on the methodology of Kitchenham. The steps used and developed correspond to the steps proposed in the methodology. The starting point of the review are the research questions, then keywords, selection of the databases, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the definition of the search chains, search process and selection of papers, the analyzes of the paper and the results of the systematic review to answer the questions posed. In the systematic review, 919 papers were found in 6 academic databases and 129 relevant papers were selected. The work developed intends to know the different models and methodologies that integrate the ICT and the education. Develop an analysis and characterize to find common elements among models and methodologies. The idea is to find limitations, disadvantages and spaces that allow to propose a new model. This systematic review is the first step in the development of a doctoral research in which the development of a U-Learning model based on Connective Learning and Experience Learning is proposed.
... In accordance with this, it has been proposed to carry out the systematic review, in which interrelated models are sought that are referent to develop an integrated model. The topics that were used in the systematic review are models and educational methodologies integrated with ICT focused on education, such as e, m, U-learning (Martín et al., 2008). ...
... Nowadays yet its not possible to carry out educational processes without technology and more if they are oriented to the web (Ramírez and Collazos, 2016). Initially, e-learning focused on the web, followed by m-learning with the inclusion of mobile devices, then included the fundamentals of games in different ways to give way to g-learning, also it tried to implement digital television with t-learning (Martín et al., 2008). U-Learning or ubiquitous learning is a concept that groups all ICT with the most important and relevant characteristics to the development of educational processes at any time, place, context and device (Gros et al., 2016a,b). ...
... ICT Information and communications technologyor technologies is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning (Behera, 2013) U-Learning U-Learning is the ubiquitous learning process that can be performed at any time, place, device and context (Gros et al., 2016a,b) M-Learning M-Learning or mobile learning is the learning process that is performed using mobile devices such as smart phones. Its main feature is mobility (Martín et al., 2008) B-Learning B-Learning or Blended learning is a term increasingly used to describe the way e-learning is being combined with traditional classroom methods and independent study (Martín et al., 2008) E-Learning E-Learning or e-learning is the process of learning that is done using the internet and computers to access education (Behera, 2013) Model Graphical or verbal representation or simplified version of a concept, phenomenon, relationship, structure, system, or an aspect of the real world. A representation of a system that allows for investigation of the properties of the system and, in some cases, prediction of future outcomes (Frigg and Hartmann, 2006) Methodology A system of broad principles or rules from which specific methods or procedures may be derived to interpret and used to solve different problems within the scope of a particular discipline (Kitchenham and Charters, 2007) A general search string was defined based on the general concepts of the title of the search and that allowed answering the raised research questions. ...
Technology has had a positive impact in education, which has allowed education to evolve faster. This article presents a systematic mapping review of models and methodologies integrated with information and communication technologies. In the revision of the systematic mapping, 919 articles were found in 6 academic databases and 129 relevant articles were selected according to the defined inclusion patterns. This work pretends to characterize the common elements between models and educational methodologies to find ways to integrate them with the new technologies of information and communication.
... In accordance with this, it has been proposed to carry out the systematic review, in which interrelated models are sought that are referent to develop an integrated model. The topics that were used in the systematic review are models and educational methodologies integrated with ICT focused on education, such as e, m, U-learning (Martín et al., 2008). ...
... Nowadays yet its not possible to carry out educational processes without technology and more if they are oriented to the web (Ramírez and Collazos, 2016). Initially, e-learning focused on the web, followed by m-learning with the inclusion of mobile devices, then included the fundamentals of games in different ways to give way to g-learning, also it tried to implement digital television with t-learning (Martín et al., 2008). U-Learning or ubiquitous learning is a concept that groups all ICT with the most important and relevant characteristics to the development of educational processes at any time, place, context and device (Gros et al., 2016a,b). ...
... ICT Information and communications technologyor technologies is an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application, encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning (Behera, 2013) U-Learning U-Learning is the ubiquitous learning process that can be performed at any time, place, device and context (Gros et al., 2016a,b) M-Learning M-Learning or mobile learning is the learning process that is performed using mobile devices such as smart phones. Its main feature is mobility (Martín et al., 2008) B-Learning B-Learning or Blended learning is a term increasingly used to describe the way e-learning is being combined with traditional classroom methods and independent study (Martín et al., 2008) E-Learning E-Learning or e-learning is the process of learning that is done using the internet and computers to access education (Behera, 2013) Model Graphical or verbal representation or simplified version of a concept, phenomenon, relationship, structure, system, or an aspect of the real world. A representation of a system that allows for investigation of the properties of the system and, in some cases, prediction of future outcomes (Frigg and Hartmann, 2006) Methodology A system of broad principles or rules from which specific methods or procedures may be derived to interpret and used to solve different problems within the scope of a particular discipline (Kitchenham and Charters, 2007) A general search string was defined based on the general concepts of the title of the search and that allowed answering the raised research questions. ...
Technology has had a positive impact in education, which has allowed education to evolve faster. This article presents a systematic mapping review of models and methodologies integrated with information and communication technologies. In the revision of the systematic mapping, 919 articles were found in 6 academic databases and 129 relevant articles were selected according to the defined inclusion patterns. This work pretends to characterize the common elements between models and educational methodologies to find ways to integrate them with the new technologies of information and communication.
... El m-learning o aprendizaje con dispositivos móviles se enfoca, en gran parte, en la mediación pedagógica desde los teléfonos inteligentes o tabletas, con la movilidad como principal característica de estas metodologías por la facilidad de conectividad inalámbrica y sus posibilidades telemáticas (Martín et al., 2008). Para Park, Kim y Lee (2011, pp. ...
... Es una metodología que, sobre los fundamentos del e-learning o aprendizaje en línea, plantea estrategias que combinan lo presencial y lo virtual en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Para Martín et al. (2008), blended learning es un término usado para describir el tipo de e-learning combinado con métodos de enseñanza tradicional en el aula y con el estudio independiente. ...
En este artículo se presenta el componente pedagógico del modelo derivado de la investigación Modelo para la cocreación y producción de contenidos educativos abiertos mediante el uso de una plataforma virtual. Este modelo busca contribuir al fortalecimiento de la formación virtual en el departamento de Antioquia. El bjetivo de dicha investigación fue implementar un modelo para la cocreación y producción de contenidos educativos abiertos, llamados REA, mediante el uso de una plataforma virtual. Este modelo, que es el producto principal de esta investigación, está estructurado por tres componentes principales: pedagógico, de producción y tecnológico, los cuales se encuentran alineados a través de la autonomía, interacción, flexibilidad y mediación como principios transversales al modelo que lo orientan hacia la creación de contenidos educativos abiertos. El propósito fundamental de esta investigación es promover una educación en la cual se mejoren los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje a través de los REA haciendo uso de la ecnología y de los elementos necesarios para que los contenidos sean más eficientes y productivos. Al mismo tiempo, se busca implementar su distribución bajo licencias que permitan su reuso, adaptación y ransformación sin restricciones de propiedad intelectual. El componente pedagógico, en el cual se hará nfasis en este artículo, surge del análisis de diferentes teorías, estrategias y metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se utilizan en la educación mediada con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Este componente del modelo se fundamenta en el conectivismo como teoría de aprendizaje que fundamenta el proceso de creación de recursos educativos abiertos.
... M-learning is a new form of learning where it uses mobile technology and devices to access to educational materials [28] The comparison of m-learning solutions [29] compares ARISTOTLE and other m-learning solutions -Active-Campus, Leonardo and MobiLearn in terms of Education, Wireless Technology, Classroom support, Equipment, Groupwork, Announcements and Ambient Intelligence. ...
... Table 1 shows the features and capabilities of online learning applocations. This is the result of a referral from the literature review features of e-learning [25] and [21], mlearning [29] and MOOC [27]. These features should be used in online learning applications against constructivist learning environment. ...
The process of learning and teaching online learning has undergone many changes in line with technological developments. Education institutions have begun introducing new methods of learning this. However, it needs a huge amount of labor intensive to produce and maintain educational technologies due to its huge size (literacy, vocational education, school education, engineering and medical education) and huge variants (language, dialect). With the growing demand and at the same time would like to reduce the factor of cost, time and effort is long, then the need for an effective solution allowing rapid system development. A Software Product Line (SPL) approach is one of the best methods that can be used to develop an educational software family. The research contributes to the development of online learning SPL by studying issues in online learning SPL, identify appropriate pedagogical approach to online learning environment that is constructivism, and designing constructivist learning environment based on the theory of constructivism and design principles. In this paper, comparison between 10 VLE was tabulated against constructivist learning environment. The comparative evaluation is to discover commonalities and variabilities between online learning applications. The results should be useful as the process of domain analysis that is to document the commonalities and variabilities between SPL members. Hence, it can be used to enhance the feature model for online learning applications.
... M-learning is a new form of learning where it uses mobile technology and devices to access to educational materials [28] The comparison of m-learning solutions [29] compares ARISTOTLE and other m-learning solutions -Active-Campus, Leonardo and MobiLearn in terms of Education, Wireless Technology, Classroom support, Equipment, Groupwork, Announcements and Ambient Intelligence. ...
... Table 1 shows the features and capabilities of online learning applocations. This is the result of a referral from the literature review features of e-learning [25] and [21], mlearning [29] and MOOC [27]. These features should be used in online learning applications against constructivist learning environment. ...
The process of learning and teaching online learning has undergone many changes in line with technological developments. Education institutions have begun introducing new methods of learning this. However, it needs a huge amount of labor intensive to produce and maintain educational technologies due to its huge size (literacy, vocational education, school education, engineering and medical education) and huge variants (language, dialect). With the growing demand and at the same time would like to reduce the factor of cost, time and effort is long, then the need for an effective solution allowing rapid system development. A Software Product Line (SPL) approach is one of the best methods that can be used to develop an educational software family. The research contributes to the development of online learning SPL by studying issues in online learning SPL, identify appropriate pedagogical approach to online learning environment that is constructivism, and designing constructivist learning environment based on the theory of constructivism and design principles. In this paper, comparison between 10 VLE was tabulated against constructivist learning environment. The comparative evaluation is to discover commonalities and variabilities between online learning applications. The results should be useful as the process of domain analysis that is to document the commonalities and variabilities between SPL members. Hence, it can be used to enhance the feature model for online learning applications.
... Therefore, an important number of concepts based on using a wide variety of models in educational technology such as e-learning or distance learning, which is a teaching system implemented to be remotely accessed via electronic communication. The evolution of e-learning to other concepts for instance m-learning and b-learning becomes very interesting these recent years (Martin and Gil, 2008). ...
... Hybrid education or b-learning uses online technologies to develop the teaching process. Eventually, the next evolution of learning and development is called s-learning (Martin and Gil, 2008) that keeps the theory of using various educational objects to make re-usable instructional and advanced services to be readily incorporated in Learning Management System (LMS). ...
... Se resalta el hecho de que esta integración entre estos diferentes componentes resulta primordial para el progreso del micro currículo, enfocado a la generación de nuevo conocimiento (Martin et al., 2008). ...
El reto de los sistemas educativos ha sido proponer escenarios virtuales con mediación eficiente de tecnología que faciliten la evidencia de desarrollo tecnológico. Nuestra propuesta tiene como objetivo definir una estrategia de aprendizaje que permita el desarrollo tecnológico a través del uso de simuladores basados en IoT y la interacción de servidores en la nube para el almacenamiento de datos. Se pretende convertir al instructor en un guía tecnológico que permita verificar los resultados del aprendizaje. La propuesta facilita el desarrollo de competencias computacionales enfocadas a la creación tecnológica con escenarios dinámicos y configurables para ser accesibles desde la web.
... e-learning b-learning m-learning u-learning El e-learning, b-learning, m-learning y u-learning se pueden relacionar con la educación a distancia, la presencial y la semi-presencial dado que definen en qué lugar y momento se puede dar el aprendizaje a través de las TIC, teniendo en cuenta si el aprendizaje se da en el mismo espacio donde está el docente, como se puede observar en la tabla 1. Por otra parte, como señalan Martín et al. (2008), a consecuencia del surgimiento de las diversas herramientas o servicios TIC que apoyan el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, han aparecido otras terminologías para referirse a nuevas modalidades más específicas: ...
En el marco de un proyecto I+D, el programa socioeducativo Caminar en Familia es implementado y evaluado con un Entorno Virtual (EV) como medio de soporte a los profesionales. El objetivo de la investigación es evaluar el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) como medio para procesos de formación, acompañamiento y gestión de datos durante la implementación. Participaron 133 profesionales del Sistema de Protección a la Infancia de España y Portugal. Se llevó a cabo un diseño evaluativo y no experimental con una metodología mixta. Los resultados más relevantes muestran que las TIC utilizadas son adecuadas para intercambiar los datos de evaluación y facilitar los materiales del programa, mientras que presentan distintas limitaciones como medio de comunicación y de formación continuada. Los profesionales muestran tener los conocimientos necesarios para utilizar el EV y se identifican otras barreras para su participación. Las TIC en programas socioeducativos pueden adquirir varias funciones aunque otros factores del contexto influyen en su desempeño. El estudio aporta conocimiento sobre el uso de las TIC para apoyar a profesionales, aunque también presenta otras directrices para su integración global en programas socioeducativos.
... Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) son un conjunto de servicios que permiten el aprendizaje interactivo y la educación a distancia; Se han incorporado en la educación en todos los niveles apoyando el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, logrando en los estudiantes: colaboración, interés, autonomía. Entre estas tecnologías de apoyo se encuentran el e-learning, b-learning, c-learning, m-learning y p-learning [68], [69]. A continuación describimos brevemente estas tecnologías que se han utilizado como apoyo en el proceso de enseñanza de la programación informática. ...
Computer programming has become a relevant element of the modern era. Practically it is involved in all sectors of modern society. Currently, many universities around the globe offer bachelor's degree programs that contain computer programming related courses. In order to gain insight into how computer programming is taught in Ecuadorian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), we have conducted the first national survey on teaching computer programming in undergraduate CS programs. In this survey participated 53 respondents from 13 Ecuadorian HEIs. We report on programming paradigms, programming languages, integrated development environments and teaching strategies used in the programming learning process. We found that the object-oriented paradigm along with the Java programming language are the most often used. The NetBeans integrated development environment is the most commonly used among the respondents. Concerning teaching strategies, e-learning platforms are commonly used as part of computer programming courses. More than half of the respondents use collaborative strategies such as pair programming in their courses. Finally, a half of the respondents use traditional computer labs for teaching programming; however, other approaches such as mobile devices, games and simulations, Arduino kits and robots start to be used as a teaching strategy. Our findings can serve as a starting point for addressing reforms in computer programming courses taught in Ecuadorian CS undergraduate programs.
The journey of business, management, and accounting education over the past decades included several teaching methods which may nowadays be considered outdated for the modern students who live, learn, and connect through technology. This study clusters the academic literature addressing online learning and b-learning applied to educational and training in the business, management, and accounting. Through the collection of all the relevant publications in Scopus, this study uses automated text mining techniques in VOSviewer software for comparing the evolution overtime of the online and blended methods in the context of scientific knowledge production. The results unveil that online-learning-related literature is grouped in nine clusters, instead of the seven clusters in case of blended learning, meaning that the first is more disperse in terms of topics. An in-depth analysis of the studies most closely related to each cluster's terms allow the authors to provide critical reflections that help professionals when choosing the accurate method and also the academics in identifying future research agendas.
This book presents a selection of papers from the 2017 World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST'17), held between the 11st and 13th of April 2017 at Porto Santo Island, Madeira, Portugal. WorldCIST is a global forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss recent results and innovations, current trends, professional experiences and challenges involved in modern Information Systems and Technologies research, together with technological developments and applications.
The main topics covered are: Information and Knowledge Management; Organizational Models and Information Systems; Software and Systems Modeling; Software Systems, Architectures, Applications and Tools; Multimedia Systems and Applications; Computer Networks, Mobility and Pervasive Systems; Intelligent and Decision Support Systems; Big Data Analytics and Applications; Human–Computer Interaction; Ethics, Computers & Security; Health Informatics; Information Technologies in Education; and Information Technologies in Radiocommunications.
This work shows the development of an Android app as a tool for learning concepts of automatic control and dynamic systems. For this purpose, an App to simulate a closed loop control for a mass-spring-damper system was implemented for Android devices. In this closed loop control, the plant and the controller can work together in the same device. This operation type is called stand-alone mode. Another option is to simulate in different devices the controller and the plant. This operation type is called remote mode. A fourth-order Runge-Kutta was used as a numerical method for solving the differential equations of the controller and the plant whichever the operation mode is used. The results of the solution of the differential equation were used to visualize the relevant variables of the system at time domain (position of the mass, control action and reference) and to create an animation. The App allows the plant and the controller to be parameterized independently. Besides, the App lets the user generate perturbations to the controlled system using the device's touch screen or its proximity sensor.
E-learning is the model of learning which come along with the increasing popularity of the Internet and the continuous development of the communication technology. On the basis of the brief introduction to the groupware technology and the networked learning environment, this paper bring forward a model of networked learning environment for E-learning which based on groupware technology, and makes detail description to the system's structure, mainly function module and its characteristic.
Closed laboratories are becoming an increasingly popular approach to teaching introductory computer science courses. Unlike open laboratories that tend to be an informal environment provided for students to practice their skills with attendance optional, closed laboratories are structured meeting times that support the lecture component of the course, and attendance is required. This paper reports on an integrated approach to designing, implementing, and assessing laboratories with an embedded instructional research design. The activities reported here are parts of a departmentwide effort not only to improve student learning in computer science and computer engineering (CE) but also to improve the agility of the Computer Science and Engineering Department in adapting the curriculum to changing technologies, incorporate research, and validate the instructional strategies used. This paper presents the design and implementation of the laboratories and the results and analysis of student performance. Also described in this paper is cooperative learning in the laboratories and its impact on student learning.
The innovation brought by the introduction of new technologies in
our modern society has also started to appear in education. The biggest
efforts come from the institutions involved in distance education,
partly due to the characteristics of the educational system they
represent. In order to improve the technology development there are a
large number of projects being developed inside the European Union. This
paper discusses the current situation of distance learning and the
technological resources available including e-mail, video conferencing,
Internet and the World Wide Web and virtual teaching-learning
environment. Some of the European Projects including new technologies in
distance learning are also discussed