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Testing the Technology Acceptance Model Across Cultures: A Three Country Study
Abstract
In recent years, the technology acceptance model (TAM) has been widely used by IS researchers in order to gain a better understanding of the adoption and use of information systems. While TAM has been widely applied and tested in North America, there have been no attempts to extend this work to other regions of the world. Given the globalization of business and systems, there is a pressing need to understand whether TAM applies in other cultures. This study compares the TAM model across three different countries: Japan; Switzerland; and the United States. The study was conducted by administering the same instrument to employees of three different airlines, all of whom had access to the same information technology innovation, in this case, E-mail. The results indicate that TAM holds for both the U.S. and Switzerland, but not for Japan, suggesting that the model may not predict technology use across all cultures. The implications of these findings are discussed.
... Based on the widespread use of online technology, particularly in entertainment, investigating technology acceptance concerning gender and age differences becomes crucial for both developers and consumers (Akbar, 2013;Chawla and Joshi, 2020;Chen, 2018;Harnadi, 2017;Lee, 2009;Venkatesh, 2003Venkatesh, , 2012Wang and Sun, 2016). The initial research on cultural differences in technology acceptance was carried out by Straub (1997), exploring technology acceptance in relation to cultural factors such as power distance (PD), individualism, feminism and uncertainty avoidance (AU). Seventeen years later, Alshare and Mousa (2014) investigated the moderating effect of cultural factors, including PD, individualism and feminism, on consumers' intention to use mobile payment devices. ...
... According to Tarhini et al. (2017), Alshare and Mousa (2014) and Straub (1997), cultural factors play a crucial role in technology acceptance. In terms of social influence, Tarhini et al. (2017) and Alshare and Mousa (2014) identified differences arising from expectations and acceptance variations in PD, group integration individualism-collectivism (I-C), traditional gender role differences (feminism-masculinity) and tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty (AU). ...
... Consequently, to adapt technology acceptance to users' preferences, developers are required to have insight into user needs based on age, gender and cultural factors. Limited research has been conducted on moderating the effect of culture on technology acceptance (Alshare and Mousa, 2014;Straub, 1997;Tarhini et al., 2017). For example, Straub (1997) carried out an investigation using cultural factors such as PD, individualism, feminism and AU as moderator variables, while Tarhini et al. (2017) considered PD, feminism and AU and Alshare and Mousa (2014) used PD and individualism as moderator variables. ...
Purpose
Research on technology acceptance of online entertainment with age, gender and cultural factors as moderator, is rarely conducted. Previous research predominantly focused on age or gender as moderator, neglecting the influence of cultural factors. Therefore, this study aims to investigate acceptance of online entertainment technology, incorporating age, gender and cultural factors as moderator.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through a survey comprising 1,121 individuals aged 14–24 years from three cities in Indonesia. The proposed theoretical model examined the causal effect of acceptance and moderating effects due to individual gender, age, power distance, individualism, feminism and uncertainty avoidance (AU). Subsequently, structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the theoretical model, and the results confirmed several findings from previous research.
Findings
The findings confirmed the positive direct impact of habit and price value (PV) on behavioral intention and hedonic motivation, as well as social influence on habit. The recent findings derived from the moderating effect analysis showed that age, individualism and feminism played a moderating role in the effects on individual intention due to habit. Additionally, gender and AU moderated the effects on individual habits due to hedonic motivation.
Originality/value
This research contributes to the limited knowledge of technology acceptance of online entertainment, and also integrates the causal effects of individual intention due to habit, PV, hedonic motivation and social influence, considering the moderating role of culture, age and gender. Consequently, the investigation provides valuable insights into the literature by presenting evidence of age, gender and cultural differences in acceptance. Furthermore, it offers practical guidance to online entertainment application developers on designing applications to satisfy consumers of different ages, genders and cultures.
... Although TAM is actively applied in introducing new technologies or products within various organisations and forms a theoretical basis, studies on adopting new technologies or products in the construction industry are lacking. Additionally, most TAM studies target a single country [73][74][75], and comparative research between the countries is relatively insufficient [76][77][78]. The research by Straub et al. [77] emphasised the importance of comparative study between the countries and suggested the possibility of internationally applying TAM through comparison among the countries for accepting an information technology called e-mail. ...
... Additionally, most TAM studies target a single country [73][74][75], and comparative research between the countries is relatively insufficient [76][77][78]. The research by Straub et al. [77] emphasised the importance of comparative study between the countries and suggested the possibility of internationally applying TAM through comparison among the countries for accepting an information technology called e-mail. In this study, e-mail acceptance was validated in the U.S. and in Switzerland, whereas not in Japan. ...
... For the case of construction industry workers in the UK, personal competence was identified to affect perceived usefulness, which is different from Korea's case. This is considered to result from distinct cultural differences due to individualistic traits, unlike the Korean construction organisation where collectivist sentiments are dominant [77]. However, it was analysed that technological factors had a negative (-) impact on perceived ease of use, which is due to the trait that sufficient verification and usage result are based upon utilising new technology or product. ...
The research has chosen the workers in construction-related companies in South Korea and the United Kingdom (UK) as research subjects in order to analyse factors that influence their usage intention of Artificial Intelligence (AI) based technologies. The perceived usefulness had a positive impact (+) on technological satisfaction and usage intention in terms of the commonalities shown by the construction industry workers in both countries, South Korea and the UK, in adopting AI-based technologies. Moreover, the most remarkable differences were personal competence and social influence when choosing AI-based technologies. It was analysed that in the case of South Korea, personal competence had a positive impact (+) on perceived ease of use, whereas the UK had a positive impact (+) on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. This study holds particular significance in the domain of cross-cultural research within the construction industry. It conducts an analysis of the factors influencing the adoption of AI-driven technologies or products, with a specific focus on the cultural differences between two nations: South Korea and the UK, which represent Eastern and Western cultural paradigms, respectively.
... However, this result is at odds with other research, such as the work of [81,83], which established that PEOU can influence system usage. A plausible explanation for these disparities is the understanding that technology models might not be universally applicable across varied contexts [140]. Furthermore, several past studies have noted variations in influences when examining technology adoption [141]. ...
... This contrasts with findings from Ref. [72,80], which established a positive relationship between PU and trust. The most probable explanation for this inconsistency is that technological theories and models cannot be applied equally across different contexts [140]. Furthermore, several studies discovered differences in influences across studies of technology usage [141]. ...
Cybersecurity is critical in safeguarding sensitive information against evolving threats, especially in the health-care sector, where Electronic Health Records (EHR) are central to the digital transformation of healthcare. This study takes a unique approach by investigating the influence of cybersecurity on healthcare professionals' use of EHR systems and its impact on their performance. It goes beyond the traditional adoption theories by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with cybersecurity and emotional trust and focuses on actual EHR system usage and its performance impact. The data from 459 healthcare professionals, analyzed using a Structural Equation Modeling-Artificial Neural Networks (SEM-ANN) approach, provides a comprehensive view of the dynamics involved. The findings suggest that cybersecurity's impact on the system's ease of use may vary by context. Ease of use was linked to trust but not directly to perceived usefulness. Importantly, systems perceived as efficient and beneficial are used more, leading to improved healthcare service quality. The study underscores the importance of robust cybersecurity measures and trust in effective EHR integration, offering valuable insights for enhancing EHR system acceptance and healthcare outcomes in Jordan.
Free access link: https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1j8-Z,3f~sUN9y
... This dimension measures society's degree of integration into groups (Hofstede, 2011) that is, the extent to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of a group (Straub et al., 1997). In individualistic cultures, consumers tend to focus on themselves and worry about their well-being, whereas a greater concern for the group is notable in collectivist societies (Khan et al., 2017Srite & Karahanna, 2006). ...
... However, in individualistic societies, consumers are expected to make decisions on technology adoption independently (Im et al., 2011). In this sense, previous literature inclines towards reporting a positive relationship between individualism and technological innovation (Bagchi et al., 2004;Straub et al., 1997), particularly in electronic communication methods, such as IB (Takieddine & Sun, 2015). ...
... As a result, most studies in the literature have been adapted to fit the specific context and people's characteristics in each country of study (Ala'a & Ramayah, 2023). This is because technological theories and models cannot be applied universally across all contexts (Straub et al., 1997). Furthermore, there are differences in the outcomes of factors that influence technology adoption across research studies (Sun & Zhang, 2006). ...
... The earlier mentioned inconsistency in the findings could be attributed to the inconsistent effects of the factors examined in IS research on technology acceptance and usage (Sun & Zhang, 2006). Furthermore, as mentioned by Straub et al. (1997), theories and models cannot be applied equally in all situations and contexts. Therefore, the results were appropriate for the specific culture or context of each study (Ala'a & Ramayah, 2023). ...
Despite facing economic challenges, Jordan has a competitive position among Arab countries in terms of adopting emerging technologies, which is seen as an opportunity to reduce healthcare costs in a developing country like Jordan. TAM is the study's underlying theory, which has been expanded to include perceived privacy, perceived security, and perceived trust. The current study aims to predict the behavioural intention of Jordanian healthcare professionals to use blockchain-based electronic health record systems. Furthermore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism by which perceived privacy and perceived security influence healthcare professionals' behavioural intention to use blockchain technology in Jordan. This study proposed perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived trust as mediators. The quantitative approach was used to collect data from 389 Jordanian healthcare professionals working in the public sector via cross-sectional surveys. The data was analysed with Smart-PLS and IBM-SPSS. Except for the influence of perceived security on perceived usefulness, all of the supposed relationships were supported in this study. Furthermore, all suggested mediating relationships were supported, with the exception of the mediation role of perceived usefulness between the influence of perceived security on behavioural intention. The study's results could be helpful in developing future policies. Furthermore, the Jordanian healthcare sector could use these findings to develop strategies that encourage the adoption of secure and decentralised digital platforms, such as blockchain technology.
... At the same time, the literature on technology adoption, such as that applying Davis' (1989) technology acceptance model (TAM), has shown that contextual factors are important predictors of technology adoption. These factors include the features of a technology (Plouffe et al., 2001), culture (Straub et al., 1997), and perceived risks and costs (Schmidthuber et al., 2020). Scholarly work has also extended to address psychological determinants such as social influence (Hsieh, 2021) and subjective norms (Cobelli et al., 2021). ...
... Extending Hypothesis 1, we further contended that the mediation effects of confrontation-coping may vary under different contextual conditions. This is consistent with the technology adoption literature, which shows that the adoption of technology should be considered in light of different contextual factors such as culture (Straub et al., 1997) and ...
Based on the cognitive psychology theory of coping, we examined how the ability of developing market firms to confront and cope with advanced market importers' pressure to adopt emerging technologies may influence their adoption of such technologies. We also determined how this relationship is moderated by the disruptive and incremental key features of technology. To do so, we collected survey data via the LinkedIn accounts of Pakistani firms exporting to advanced economies. Our results show that confrontation-coping mediates the influence of importer pressure on exporter intentions to adopt emerging technology. Further, we found the positive effects of such pressure on confrontation-coping to be stronger when the technology is robustly disruptive. We also found that confrontation-coping strongly influences intentions to adopt in the presence of highly incremental technology. Our study makes theoretical contributions to technology adoption research and coping theory, as well as practical contributions to both exporting firms and emerging technology providers. Our findings also have important policy implications.
... This complex construct transcends the sole domain of a platform's technical prowess, extending to encompass the nuanced realm of user perceptions. Notably, such perceptions are likely to exhibit variance across national contexts, shaped by a confluence of factors including cultural backgrounds, societal structures, and prevailing economic conditions [37,38], further compounded by the existence of digital platform gaps [27]. Therefore, comparative analyses across countries offer a valuable avenue for deconstructing the multifaceted influences that shape user perceptions and their subsequent impact on the indispensability of digital platforms. ...
The pervasive integration of digital platforms into daily life has amplified their perceived indispensability. This study investigates the factors influencing this perception across countries with contrasting platform landscapes, focusing on platform quality and usage patterns. We conducted surveys in Finland and Korea, countries representing distinct platform ecosystems. The results revealed higher perceived indispensability in Korea than in Finland, with usefulness and habitual platform use emerging as significant predictors of indispensability in both countries. However, the specific aspects of platform quality influencing this perception diverged. In Finland, the platform’s comprehensiveness and security risk significantly impacted indispensability, while social interaction features played a negligible role. Conversely, in Korea, social interaction features significantly influenced indispensability, while platform comprehensiveness and security risk were non-significant. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of digital platform indispensability, shaped by the interaction of platform quality and usage patterns. The contextual variations highlighted by our cross-country comparison suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to platform regulation or user education may be ineffective. Future research should explore these cultural and platform-specific nuances to devise tailored policies.
... E-commerce is a vital part of the socioeconomic development of developing countries, according to policymakers, scholars, and practitioners over the past ten years (Avgerou, 2002). But little is understood about the circumstances and risks connected with the development of e-commerce in developing nations (Straub et al., 1997). The expanding global popularity of e-commerce is of great importance. ...
E-commerce has emerged as a necessity and people have become part of its vast ecosystem. The dramatic rise in e-commerce adoption and adaption over the past ten years has prompted academic and professional marketing scientists to study customer behaviour in this area. Traditional research methods rely on self-reported data which is governed by conscious brain. The study of consumer behaviour using neuroscience is a field of study called neuromarketing. Despite the growing interest in neuromarketing in e-commerce research, there is still a gap in the literature that provides a comprehensive theoretical insight into the subconscious as well as conscious brain leading to behaviours of e-commerce consumers. By conducting a systematic literature assessment of peer-reviewed journal publications published from 2012 to 2022, this study seeks to analyse the developments in neuromarketing-based e-commerce research. The results show that the studies on e-commerce by neuromarketing on concepts like trust, purchase intention, emotional activation, product evaluation and consumer decision making, consumer purchase decision and rating. Reading deeper we analysed that area in the brain which is related to trust and cognition are primarily regions studied in the e-commerce. In this study, a direction for future studies and further recommendations has been provided.
... The result is that it is challenging to identify factors that can affect PE and PEOU and, ultimately, technology adoption without a better understanding of the antecedents of PE and PEOU. Additionally, TAM has other drawbacks like inconsistent findings from earlier studies and its ability to explain societal impacts on technology acceptance is still under doubt [24] [25]. Accordingly, anchors and adjustments are the two key categories of antecedents for perceived ease of use (PEOU), which [15] also highlighted in his research. ...
The massive change from the offline to online era is a sign of digital disruption. One of the organizations that has also been affected is Koperasi Karunika. The purpose of this study is to refine TAM model by adding two antecedents namely accessibility and subjective norm to explain and predict the intention to use online saving and loan application in Koperasi Karunika. In this quantitative study, the variables are explored using online survey. The numbers of respondents in this study is 62 participants. The data were analyzed using SEM PLS. The refinedt model of the TAM used in this study is appropriate but only partially because not all of the proposed hypotheses are supported by the data. Subjective norm was found to be significantly affecting the intention to use, while accessibility was found to be no effect on intention to use the online saving and loan application.
... Additionally, Social Cognitive Theory by Bandura (1986), Theory of Reasoned Action by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980), and Theory of Planned Behavior by Ajzen (1985) have been employed (Buabeng-Andoh, 2018;Chen and Chen, 2006;Chu and Chen, 2016;Knabe, 2012;Tagoe and Abakah, 2014;Wang and Lin, 2021;Zhang et al., 2012). This study adopts TAM as the grounding framework, a prevalent model for understanding technology adoption and satisfaction in online educational systems (Arbaugh, 2010;Straub et al., 1997). It incorporates elements such as Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), and Perceived Enjoyment (PE) as predictors of students' OLI. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a shift to online learning in many institutions-as a standard practice. Factors influencing its efficacy affect student behavior and future intentions. A cross-sectional study in Vietnam over 2 years assessed changes in student attitudes towards online learning from 2020 to 2021. Data gathered through online surveys, included 161 participants in 2020 and 395 in 2021 (total of 556 students), and were analysed using structural equation modeling. Results indicate perceived enjoyment (PE) as the primary factor influencing online learning intentions, with perceived usefulness (PU) gaining significance from 2020 to 2021. This shift suggests a transition in student mindsets towards online learning. Hence, institutions should adapt courses to optimize both enjoyment and utility, embracing technological evolution.
... Second, as proposed by Steuer (1992), vividness and interactivity are two key features that contribute to the superiority of VR over other forms of media. (Straub, Keil, and Brenner, 1997 The interaction effect of gender and advertising type on the amount of donations ...
This study investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) advertising in promoting charitable donations. The results indicated that, when compared with the traditional two dimensional format, VR advertising can increase the number of people who decide to donate, as well as the amount donated. This favorable effect was achieved through a serial mediating effect of vicarious experience and existential guilt. Additionally, the findings also identified the need for stimulation as a boundary condition, suggesting that individuals with a low (versus high) need for stimulation were not influenced by the mediating process of VR prosocial advertising on charitable donations.
... Faculty in general are extremely hesitant at utilizing information and communication technology in class instruction (Al-Senaidi et al., 2009). Research has shown that this hesitation is not necessarily a technical one, but rather one of sociological, organizational, and psychological variables (Straub et al., 1997). ...
The purpose of this research was to obtain faculty perceptions of online instruction and educational technology in higher education. Data was collected from eight participants through interviews and open-ended questions at a higher education institution. Results showed that faculty consider that online instruction is only possible for certain programs and that it’s only for certain student populations. In addition, faculty perceive online learning environments as a repository for class information and serve as a communication medium between instructor and student. Furthermore, faculty believe that there is no substitution for traditional teaching methods regardless of the educational technology available. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
... But this framework does not account for specific factors that are quite vital in certain environments. Besides, Aaccording to Straub et al. (1997), the technology acceptance frameworks cannot be applied universally across all contexts, which necessitates tailoring those frameworks to the distinct context of every country of interest (Ala'a & Ramayah, 2023a). For example, the high uncertainty avoidance characteristic of the Jordanian population (Hofstede-insights, 2023;Hofstede et al., 2010) influences how people, including students, perceive emerging technologies like AI and engage in them as depicted in Fig. 5. ...
The growing significance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across different fields highlights the essential role of user acceptance, as the success of this technology largely depends on its adoption and practical use by individuals. This research aims to examine how perceived cybersecurity, novelty value, and perceived trust affect students' willingness to accept AI in educational settings. The study's theoretical basis is the AI Device Use Acceptance (AIDUA) model. Using structural equation modeling, the study tested hypothesized relationships using data from 526 students at Jordanian universities. The results showed that social influence is positively associated with performance expectancy, while perceived cybersecurity is positively related to both performance and effort expectancy. Novelty value is positively associated with performance expectancy but a negative one with effort expectancy. Additionally, effort and performance expectancy significantly influence perceived trust and the willingness to accept AI. Moreover, perceived trust has a notable positive effect on the willingness to accept AI in education. These findings provide valuable guidance for the creation and improvement of AI-driven educational systems in universities, contributing to the broader understanding of AI technology acceptance in the educational field.
... It would be like trying to use a map of the world to navigate a neighborhood; the details matter in such cases. approach toward disruptive innovations (Straub, 1994;Straub, Keil, & Brenner, 1997). In fact, consulting firms like Accenture and McKinsey have consistently underscored the difficulties encountered by many Japanese companies in transitioning from conventional manufacturing methodologies to a more data-centric and network-oriented digital paradigms (Kohno, Kawai, & Narsalay, 2022;McKinsey Digital, 2021). ...
Digital transformation (DX) is fundamentally a human-driven endeavor. Drawing upon this perspective, this chapter delves into the theoretical and practical implications of the findings obtained in the current monograph, with a particular focus on the pivotal role played by transformational leadership (TFL) in navigating the complex, multifaceted landscape of DX. It elucidates the skills required for TFL leaders, explicating the difficulties associated with identifying and nurturing such leaders. Three distinct approaches to procuring digitally skilled leaders, each with a unique set of advantages and disadvantages, are also outlined. Additionally, this chapter underscores the unique capability of TFL leaders to reframe arduous DX-induced challenges as opportunities for growth. As a future direction, the potential and challenges of a “hybrid” approach that integrates various leadership styles are contemplated. Furthermore, this chapter problematizes the concept of job performance vis-à-vis the uncertainty level of a given DX environment to delineate a future research agenda. Limitations of the current research are clarified to encourage future studies to critique and build upon the obtained findings to develop theories that guide leaders across diverse sectors toward successful DX initiatives.
... Here are some notable variations and extensions of the TAM model. Straub, Keil, and Brenner (1997) adapted TAM to consider cultural influences on technology acceptance. Cultural factors, such as individualism and collectivism, were incorporated to account for variations in technology adoption behavior across different cultures. ...
This study explores the transformative influence of integrating Health Technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the TOWS matrix framework in healthcare organizations. The research addresses three key questions to investigate the measurable improvements, decision-making processes, and actionable insights resulting from the AI-enhanced TOWS matrix. Firstly, it assesses whether there are discernible enhancements in strategic outcomes to inform managers of the gains available with the integration of AI in their healthcare delivery processes. Secondly, the study delves into the ways in which the integration of AI within the TOWS matrix shapes decision-making processes across various levels within healthcare organizations. Lastly, it examines the capacity of AI-driven TOWS matrix analyses to provide actionable insights, contributing to more informed and strategic decision-making in healthcare settings. The hypothetical nature of the study allows for a forward-looking exploration of the potential impact of advanced technologies on strategic planning in healthcare. The findings aim to inform discussions on leveraging AI and other technology for strategic improvement in patient-centric care.
... First, AI is expanding in several fields but is still in its infancy in healthcare, and much research is needed on adopting this technology. Second, theories and models about this technology are not equally applicable in all scenarios and contexts [7]. Therefore, there is a dearth of studies that categorize the factors influencing AI adoption in healthcare across both developed and developing countries. ...
Even though the acceptance of AI-based technologies among healthcare professionals is significant, little is known about the factors that influence their acceptance. This study aims to examine the theories and models used to study the adoption of AIR in healthcare and to identify the significant factors that affect the adoption of AIR in healthcare across countries. A systematic literature review with the PRISMA framework was conducted. The results reveal an increase in the number of studies concentrating on AIR adoption in healthcare sector in recent years. In addition, this study revealed that the UTAUT model is the most frequently used one. The AIR adoption among countries is primarily due to three main factors: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioural intention. Thirteen factors in developed countries and seventeen factors in developing countries have been identified due to their impact on AIR adoption. The findings of this study constitute a valuable contribution to the current body of knowledge by enhancing the understanding of AIR adoption in healthcare. Moreover, the results offer assistance to policymakers when making decisions and developing strategies related to the adoption of AIR in healthcare.
... One explanation for this inconsistency can be attributed to the country where the research was conducted, as the usage of such variables can vary across different countries, therefore, they should be adapted to the context of countries. According to Straub et al. (1997), theories and models pertaining to technology users are not equally applicable in all contexts. Moreover, Sun and Zhang (2006) noted that the effects of certain characteristics on technology usage are inconsistent across studies. ...
Over the years, many theories and models have been proposed to explain and interpret behaviours related to the acceptance and usage of technology. The technology acceptance model (TAM), which has been tested in different technological applications, is the most well-known of these models. This article reviews previously published research on the application of TAM to electronic health records. According to the findings of this review, the original TAM was updated and extended to fit the dynamic healthcare service environment by absorbing and integrating variables from various theoretical frameworks as well as by adding variables in specific contextual settings. This demonstrates how the TAM model has been adapted and expanded to meet the specific demands of the healthcare industry, emphasising its usefulness in various settings.
... Numerous studies had investigated the TAM and confirmed its validity in exploring individual behaviour towards technology adoption within diverse IS contexts. Following this, scholars (Lee et al., 2006;Straub et al., 1997;Taylor and Todd, 1995) revealed that TAM was specifically tailored for examining the acceptance of computer-based technologies and was of great significance in the field of IS research due to its ability to elucidate user behaviour across diverse end-user computing technologies and user groups. ...
Purpose
This study aims to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI)-powered smart home devices affect young consumers' requirements for convenience, support, security and monitoring, as well as their ability to advance environmental sustainability. This study also examines the variables that impact users' motivation to use AI-powered smart home devices, such as perceived value, ease of use, social presence, identity, technology security and the moderating impact of trust.
Design/methodology/approach
The responses from residents of Sarawak, Malaysia, were collected through online questionnaires. This study aimed to examine the perceptions of millennials and zillennials towards their trust and adoption of AI-powered devices. This study used a quantitative approach, and the relationships among the study constructs were analysed using partial least squares - structural equation modelling.
Findings
The present study found that perceived usefulness, ease of use and social presence were the main motivators among actual and potential users of smart home devices, especially in determining their intentions to use and actual usage. Additionally, there was a moderating effect of trust on the relationship between perceived ease of use, social presence, social identity and intention to use AI-powered devices in smart homes.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine the factors influencing smart technology adoption. This study provided meaningful insights on the development of strategies for the key stakeholders to enhance the adoption and usage of AI-powered smart home devices in Sarawak, one of the promising Borneo states. Additionally, this study contributed to the growing body of knowledge on the associations between technology acceptance model dimensions, intention and actual usage of smart technology, with the moderating impact of trust.
... Al respecto, la TAM se convierten en un predictor de actitud del trabajador; por lo que es importante que los líderes empresariales identifiquen los beneficios de implementar la tecnología en sus actividades (Hu et al, 2014;Straub, Keil & Brenner, 1997), destacando que el uso de la tecnología conduce a la eficiencia del trabajador, contribuyendo de esta manera al cumplimiento de sus actividades laborales (Sunny, Patrick & Rob, 2018). ...
La pandemia ha intensificado el uso de la tecnología en los entornos laborales, representando un desafío para los trabajadores desarrollar habilidades tecnológicas para cumplir con sus funciones. Es por ello, que el presente estudio se propuso determinar la relación entre la aceptación de la tecnología y el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores que realizan sus actividades a través del uso de la tecnología de información y comunicación (teletrabajadores). Para lo cual se encuestó a 308 personas que manifestaron estar laborando mediante el teletrabajo. A partir de un análisis de correlación Rho de Spearman, los resultados demostraron una relación positiva y significativa (Rho = 0.475, sig. = 0.000) entre la aceptación tecnológica y el desempeño laboral de los teletrabajadores. Finalmente, se concluye que para que una empresa logre un buen desempeño de los trabajadores en la modalidad del teletrabajo es necesario que los líderes empresariales deben realizar programas de capacitación y sensibilización para lograr una buena aceptación de la tecnología por parte de su personal, con el fin de alcanzar un buen desempeño laboral y alcanzar sus objetivos organizacionales.
... Sociocultural theory was applied in the early 2000s [47] to guide teachers' use and integration of instructional technology. There has been limited empirical research on the cultural factors that affect user acceptance of technology, and the ways in which culture impacts this acceptance remain uncertain [48]. Therefore, future studies could investigate the "how" aspects of this issue by exploring the primary cultural dimensions and their associations with user acceptance of technology. ...
Digitalization is a keyword in the discourse of educational science, but it is often linked to technological challenges, although digital changes occur throughout society. Therefore, STEM teachers are required to cope with technological changes in the subject, the increasing and diverse education and training technologies, and the ever-changing paths of information and communication of adolescents in their role as members of a changing society and culture. The TPACK-model focuses educators’ professional knowledge based on teachers’ expertise concerning technological knowledge per se and the pedagogy and content of their subjects. In contrast, knowledge relevant to daily life and social and cultural interaction beyond this is not clearly included in the TPACK-model at present. This article proposes supplementing the TPACK-model with the knowledge components of digital cultural transformations (digitality) and, therefore, extending the TPACK-model to a DPACK-model, where D stands for digitality. Therefore, digital transformation in STEM teaching requires additional professional knowledge considering the transformation of communication, mediatization and society. Through this expansion, the focus should also be directed on the necessity that children and young people in the digitally shaped world must also be able to critically reflect on the processes of change and shape them in an ethically responsible manner. For this reason, teachers require professional knowledge to reflect, analyze, use and shape the digital transformation, which is regularly demanded of them by national and international educational standards. As a foundation of STEM teachers’ education and training, an integrated model combining these facets of knowledge and skills is provided for discussion, and, as a result, quickly found its way into the educational policy guidelines and educational science discourses in Germany. In order to integrate the sociocultural consequences of digitalization into TPACK, this paper proposes a new hemisphere, sociocultural knowledge, which extends the existing TPACK components.
... Extensive research using TAM has indicated that both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are important predictors of novice users' acceptance of novel information technology (Lee et al. 2003;King and He 2006). This model is popular in developed nations, but its use in developing countries suggests that the link between usage and attitude (encompassing perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness) may not be similar across diverse cultures (Straub et al. 1997;Park et al. 2009). For example, Straub and colleagues (1997) elucidated how users' emailing behaviour could be predicted by TAM in two Westernised cultures (Switzerland and the USA), while TAM failed to predict user behaviour in Japan. ...
Despite the increased availability of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS), the adoption of such information technology remains poor in developing countries. Free reference management software such as Zotero can significantly improve academic workflow and thus its adoption by academics in peripheral nations could be a cost-effective method of supporting and boosting research output. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, we assessed the effectiveness of a workshop as intervention to introduce Zotero (a novel FOSS in this particular community) to staff members and students at a rural university campus in South Africa. A series of questionnaires assessed how this intervention affected attitude towards, and use of, Zotero. While participants had positive attitudes towards the software at the start of the intervention, the workshop improved the perceived usefulness and ease of use of FOSS. For all participants, the main predictor of eventual regular use was its perceived ease of use. This study suggests that brief training workshops could significantly improve usage of novel open-source software, even with a lack of prior exposure to similar technologies. For students, it becomes important to emphasise the usefulness of the software, while academic staff may benefit from an emphasis on hands-on technical training.
... Extensive research using TAM has indicated that both perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness are important predictors of novice users' acceptance of novel information technology (Lee et al. 2003;King and He 2006). This model is popular in developed nations, but its use in developing countries suggests that the link between usage and attitude (encompassing perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness) may not be similar across diverse cultures (Straub et al. 1997;Park et al. 2009). For example, Straub and colleagues (1997) elucidated how users' emailing behaviour could be predicted by TAM in two Westernised cultures (Switzerland and the USA), while TAM failed to predict user behaviour in Japan. ...
Contents Research-based Honours Degrees: The Perspective of Bachelor of Commerce Students at the University of South Africa Edmund Ferreira & Sumei van Antwerpen...................................1 La réforme LMD au Sénégal : le point de vue des étudiants Babacar Diop................................................... 21 Introducing Open Source Reference Management Software to a Rural South African Campus: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Workshops at the University of the Free State’s Qwaqwa Campus Aliza le Roux & Diana Breshears...................................... 49 La gouvernance des universités au Sénégal : une grande réforme, mais pas une rupture Diène Colly Ousseynou Diouf.............................. 61 The Exploration of Service Quality Leadership for Private Higher Education Institutions in South Africa Riaan Dirkse van Schalkwyk & Rigard J Steenkamp...................... 85 Brief Assessment of Higher Education Governance in Ethiopia:Reflection on the Leap of the Decade Anteneh Melu................................................... 107
... face-to-face) to share information about new technology in high uncertainty contexts. Such channels are preferred where uncertainty and ambiguity is high (Straub et al., 1997). ...
The main objective of the study was to explain how mHealth utilization behavior emerges within the healthcare-seeking socio-cultural context. To achieve the objective, the study identified the socio-cultural characteristics of the maternal healthcare-seeking context and analyzed the user-technology interaction within this context. The study drew upon Activity Theory as a lens to understand the maternal mHealth utilization phenomenon. Hence, we theorized healthcare-seeking as an activity whose cultural aspects were further understood using Hofstede typology of culture. We employed semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, informal discussions and document review to gather data. The sample
was purposively selected and comprised various maternal health stakeholders: maternal health clients, their partners, project implementers and healthcare professionals. The results of the study show that the healthcare-seeking socio-cultural context which is characterised by socio-cultural attributes such as high-power distance, high uncertainty avoidance, gendered relations, and collectivism shapes mHealth utilisation behaviour in a dialectical process. This process takes place as maternal health clients shape and are shaped by mHealth within their healthcare-seeking socio-cultural context through a process of internalisation and externalisation.
From an internalisation perspective, uncertainties and risks in the maternal healthcare-seeking context resulted in hesitated adoption. Contextual perceptions of usefulness of the intervention resulted in the use of mHealth to substitute other healthcare structures while having different perceptions of the role of mHealth created dissonance among the maternal health clients. With regards to externalisation, maternal health clients adopted legitimisation strategies to reduce uncertainties and to develop trust required for initial and continued use of the intervention. They
legitimised both the intervention artifact, and the information. Since the mHealth intervention presented appropriate social cues, being accompanied by the expected health provider's persona, maternal health clients readily humanised the intervention. The contextual social norms around pregnancy also presented a need for the maternal health clients to make their mHealth use an ‘appropriate behaviour’ by negotiating use with relevant stakeholders in the context. Finally, in response to mHealth technology paradoxes that challenged the very motive of healthcare-seeking, maternal health clients coped by abandoning mHealth, or otherwise accommodating it.
... This limitation was taken into consideration during the initial steps of the research methodology and for this reason, the subscales used in the instrument had already been administered and validated in Greece. Still, we considered that it is important to gain insight into Greek primary school teachers' perceptions and attitudes towards technology during emergency remote teaching, given the uniqueness of the situation and the country-specific characteristics [68]. It is reported that in Greece, lack of support and lack of equipment are common barriers to the integration of technology in schools [52]. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic forced teachers to suddenly change their teaching mode from face-to-face to emergency remote teaching creating the biggest disruption in the history of education. Despite facing significant challenges such as a lack of proper information technology training, teaching unprepared students, and infrastructural barriers, there is a gap in research on primary school teachers’ readiness to integrate technology. This study aims to address this gap by utilizing the technology acceptance model to explore the relationships between primary school teachers’ computer self-efficacy beliefs, attitudes, and intentions to incorporate computer-based technology during times of disruption. Participants were N = 144 Greek, primary school teachers, who taught in virtual settings during the pandemic. Findings from structural equation modeling showed that self-efficacy beliefs, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are strong predictors of teachers’ attitudes towards computer use. The study adds to the scarce literature on the crucial role of teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs as drivers of their intention to use technology during emergency remote teaching. Additionally, it highlights the need to consider the unique circumstances in which technology is used and provides insights that can inform the design of effective interventions and policies.
... [30] showed that users performed better if the user interface was designed to match their cultural profile (in the sense of Hofstede's model [31]). [32] found that users' cultural profile impacted their acceptance of specific technologies, and [33] demonstrated that the perceived usability of a web site was higher if it was originally designed in the users' native language. ...
This research paper examines how artificial intelligence (AI) affects business practices in small and medium industries. The study explores how companies are adjusting to technological improvements, emphasizing the move from conventional marketing techniques to AI-integrated approaches. The underpinning theory for this research has been, Theory of Planned Behavior and the Technology Adoption Model. A novel variable ‘marketing innovation’ has been introduced in the study model. A total of 90 questionnaires were used. The results revealed that marketing innovation has a negative relationship with intention to adoption of artificial intelligence technology, however, behavioral control and subjective norms are positively and significantly related to intention to adoption of AI. This research will be useful for marketers intending to explore and benefit from AI integrated marketing practices.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly penetrated the education sector, playing a vital role in enhancing educational processes. As AI integration in education becomes a strategic priority, understanding its adoption is important. This paper reviews the technological theories used in studying AI adoption in education and identifies key factors affecting user acceptance across different nations. The PRISMA framework was employed to guarantee a transparent and rigorous review process. The study analyzed 22 prior studies, noting an increasing focus on AI adoption in education. The technology acceptance model (TAM) surfaced as the most prevalently utilized model in these articles. Key findings indicate that perceived ease of use as well as usefulness are the primary influencers of AI adoption in various nations. The study identified 37 factors significantly impacting AI adoption in developed nations, while 49 factors were noted in developing nations. Additionally, significant attention was given to AI adoption in education in three Arab nations: the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Oman. This study enriches existing knowledge, enhancing the understanding of AI adoption in education. It provides valuable insights for policymakers and strategists in decision-making and strategy formulation for AI adoption in educational contexts.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices and sensors communicating and exchanging data through the Internet. Wearable technologies are a popular application of IoT and can potentially affect users’ lifestyles, health, well-being, behaviors, and decisions. Smartwatches are the most popular type of wearable device among athletes. We are interested in the factors influencing the adoption of smart devices which monitor and track sports and fitness activities. Our data was based on a convenient sample of 128 amateur runners and we performed descriptive statistics and regression analysis. We applied the theoretical model of Technology Acceptance and empirical results reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and smartwatch health indications, are notable antecedents of someone’s decision to adopt a smart device. Sport wearable companies may get insights from this research about significant factors of smartwatch adoption and products to help athletes enhance their performance.
The surge in technological innovation, particularly within the realm of social media, has prompted marketers to consider the profound impact of this medium on marketing strategies. The widespread adoption of social media platforms has empowered customers, fostering increased engagement in their interactions with brands and equipping them with additional tools for information retrieval, evaluation, and decision-making. Models such as TAM, originally established by Davis and subsequently refined by other scholars, have been developed to assess user acceptance of emerging technologies. TAM specifically examines the way in which users adopt and utilize technology. This study focuses on the implementation of digital marketing within the tourism sector in Jordan, emphasizing the perceived importance of expectations in influencing the adoption of new digital marketing services. The importance of the study lies in knowing social media, which constitute the most prominent tools in influencing the achievement of positive expectations of customers by paying attention to methods of designing message content to suit their approach. The research explores the impact of social media on fostering positive expectations among consumers. Administered through a survey distributed to tourists visiting prominent attractions in Jordan, the study utilizes multiple regressions and statistical correlations to analyze the research hypotheses. The results indicate a significant correlation between positive expectations and tourists' willingness to adopt social media as a tool for digital tourism marketing.
Purpose
Although change is a necessary part of organisational life, achieving a successful change is complex. Change readiness is a critical element in successful change implementation, yet studies assessing change readiness as an underlying mechanism in the link between organisational-level factors and successful change implementation are scarce, particularly in the African context. Accordingly, the present study examined the extent to which change readiness mediates the link between learning organisation and successful change implementation in the Ghanaian context.
Design/methodology/approach
The study utilized a standardized questionnaire to collect data from 364 participants, working in public and private universities in Ghana. The participants were selected via the convenience sampling strategy to complete the survey on the main variables at a single point in time. The study was purely quantitative, as path analysis – a form of structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypothesized relationships in the study.
Findings
The results show that both learning organisation and change readiness facilitated successful change implementation. Finally, it was observed that change readiness served as an important mediating mechanism in the link between learning organisation and successful change implementation.
Practical implications
Change readiness was found to explain the link between learning organisation and successful change implementation. Thus, it is important that managers and leaders of public and private sector educational institutions in Ghana invest resources into preparing and getting employees to accept, be committed to and ready for change.
Originality/value
The present study contributes to the scarce knowledge of the mediating role of change readiness in the link between learning organisation and successful change implementation in the African context.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the evolution of the literature on technology transfer and culture, identifying the main contents of the current body of knowledge encompassing culture and technology transfer (TT), thus contributing to a better understanding of the relationship between TT and culture based on bibliometric and multivariate statistical analyses of the relevant body of literature.
Design/methodology/approach
Data for this study were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Based on a bibliometric analysis and in-depth empirical review of major TT subjects, supported by multivariate statistical analyses, over 200 articles were systematically reviewed. The use of these methods decreases biases since it adds rigor to the subjective evaluation of the relevant literature base.
Findings
The exploratory analysis of the articles shows that first, culture is an important topic for TT in the literature; second, the publication data demonstrate a great dynamism regarding the different contexts in which culture is covered in the TT literature and third, in the last couple of years the interest of stimulating a TT culture in the context of universities has continuously grown.
Research limitations/implications
This study focuses on culture in the context of TT and identifies the main contents of the body of knowledge in the area. Based on this first insight, obtained through more detailed bibliometric and multivariate analyses, it is now important to develop and validate a theory on TT culture, emphasizing the dimensions of organizational culture, entrepreneurial culture and a culture of openness that fosters economic and societal spillovers, and to link those dimensions to the performance of TT activities.
Practical implications
From the practical point of view, managers in companies and universities should be aware of the importance of identifying those dimensions of culture that contribute most to the success of their TT activities.
Originality/value
Despite several literature reviews on the TT topic, no studies focusing specifically on culture in the context of TT have been developed. Therefore, given the multifaceted nature of the research field, this study aims to expand and to deepen the analysis of the TT literature by focusing on culture as an important and commonly cited element influencing TT performance.
The rapid development of General Artificial Intelligence Technology has attracted significant attention from global society, which gradually emerged some concerns due to the ethical implications it may bring. Experts, scholars, and the public from different fields and age groups have mixed views on this technology. Under the current circumstances, it is crucial to explore the relationship between digital intergenerational differences, cultural values, and the perception of ethical risks associated with artificial intelligence. Through multiple regression analysis by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) on 310 collected responses, the results have indicated that digital intergenerational differences do not significantly affect the perception of ethical risks related to artificial intelligence; under the interaction of collectivism, long-term orientation, and intergenerational differences with masculinity, the impact on the perception of AI ethical risks is positive. Combining the findings can not only help to mitigate the inherent biases between digital generations but also facilitates a multidimensional approach to address differences in perceptions of AI ethical risks. Additionally, it contributes to establishing a more diverse and inclusive environment by incorporating cultural differences into policy formulation, enabling a collective response to potential ethical risks that may emerge in the future of the artificial intelligence field.
In analyzing the adoption and use of information systems, theories have been crucial. The adoption of technology has been studied using several theories; however, very few have taken into account cross-cultural influences on technology acceptance. This chapter compares how technology acceptance theories have been used in various cultures to identify cultural factors that might affect how technologies are embraced by people from different cultural backgrounds. In this chapter, papers from referred journals are reviewed. The reviews revealed that TAM and UTAUT were the two most prevalent theories of technology adoption. The review also revealed that different cultural factors, including power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, aversion to uncertainty, long-term orientation, and masculinity vs. femininity, all had an impact on people's acceptance of technology, but their significance depended on the culture in question. The study suggested additional research to enhance the parsimony of modern theories on technology acceptance and incorporate cultural factors into these ideas.
As technology continue to define lifestyle and interactions, firms are increasingly seeking empirical evidence on how consumers' attitudes towards technology influence technology usage. There is inadequate research from the emerging markets on the extent to which demographic factors influence the relationship between consumer attitudes and technology usage. This study therefore addressed this gap by using data from mobile banking users in Kenya to test the moderating role of education levels, age, levels of income and gender. Kenya was preferred study context because of the high penetration and levels of mobile technology usage. Results show that only education levels had statistically significant influence. Theoretical and consumer management implications as well as avenues for additional research are discussed. The study discusses the implications of the study from a theoretical, empirical, policy and industry practice perspective. Future research directions are also recommended.
This chapter explores the potential of work-oriented social media (WOSM) platforms for generating innovative ideas. A case study of a single WOSM platform, focused on innovation, is analysed from the perspective of features influencing adoption. The features are examined using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) framework. Primary research was conducted through a study on the use of a WOSM platform called Brightidea to promote crowdsourced innovation. The work included investigation of features that influenced adoption and usage of the platform. Additionally, the potential for domain-crossing innovation was explored through data analysis of ideas on the platform. The study was built on data collected from a survey of employees of Kerpoc (a pseudonym), a large company in the oil and gas (O&G) sector, and interviews with Kerpoc staff. The chapter concludes that although the business value of the platform may have been below expectations, its social media-like features were positively viewed by users and facilitated discipline crossing.
Küresel özellik taşıyan ve yoğun bir rekabetin hâkim olduğu turizm endüstrisinde sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı elde etmenin yolu nitelikli hizmetten, yani nitelikli personelden geçmektedir. Nitelikli iş gücünün sağlanması noktasında da mesleki turizm eğitimi son derece önem arz etmektedir. Öte yandan, günümüzde gelişen teknolojiler ve insan yaşamındaki aktif kullanımı da göz önüne alındığında, turizm eğitiminde yeni teknolojilerden faydalanmanın ve eğitim süreçlerinin bu teknolojiler ile eşgüdümlü şekilde gerçekleştirilmesinin turizm eğitiminin niteliğini artıracağı, dolayısıyla endüstride ihtiyaç duyulan kalifiye iş gücünü yetiştirme noktasında katkı sağlayacağı görülmektedir. Diğer alanlarda da olduğu gibi turizm eğitiminde de kullanılan son teknolojilerden biri sanal gerçeklik teknolojisidir. Bu bağlamda, lisans düzeyinde turizm eğitimi alan öğrencilerin eğitim sürecinde sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi uygulamalarını kullanım uyum süreçlerini ve bu süreci etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Davis (1989) tarafından geliştirilen Teknoloji Kabul Modeli baz alınarak oluşturulan anket çalışması İzmir ilinde bulunan devlet üniversitelerinde lisans düzeyinde turizm eğitimi alan öğrencilere uygulanmış olup, elde edilen veriler SPSS analiz programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda; algılanan kullanım kolaylığı, algılanan fayda ve eğlence boyutlarının kullanıma yönelik tutum üzerinde, algılanan fayda ve kullanıma yönelik tutum boyutlarının da davranışsal niyet üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Background: Data suggest that regarding completion rates and lower readmission rates, video telemedicine follow-up is as efficient as in-person consultations. However, evidence of patients' intention to adopt such service is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the essential factors influencing Chinese patients' intention to adopt video telemedicine follow-up. Methods: The researchers extended the technology acceptance model (TAM) by incorporating trust, subjective norms (SNs), perceived risk (PR), and perceived disease threat (PDT). A survey was conducted with 793 Chinese patients, and the collected data were analyzed using the partial least-squares approach. Results: The study revealed that trust emerged as the strongest factor influencing patients' behavioral intention (BI) to use video telemedicine follow-up, followed by SNs, perceived ease of use (PEOU), and perceived usefulness (PU). PR and PDT had no significant influence on patients' intention to adopt video telemedicine follow-up. PEOU mediated the relationship between trust, SNs, and BI, and PU mediated the relationship between trust and BI. The study also found that gender, age, and usage experience moderated certain relationships in the model. Conclusions: Our findings support the use of the extended TAM in understanding individual's motivations for using video telemedicine follow-up in China. In addition, this study contributes to the existing literature on telemedicine promotion by identifying significant mediation mechanisms. These findings have practical implications for planning, creating, and implementing improved video telemedicine follow-up services.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore whether five factors drawn from the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and UTAUT2 significantly influence customers' intention to use hotel in-room voice assistants (VAs). It further examined culture as a moderator of the relationships between the five factors and customers' intention to use.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected data from US and Singapore to examine cultural differences in customer acceptance of in-room VAs. All hypotheses were tested via structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis.
Findings
The results showed that performance expectancy, social influence and hedonic motivation significantly affected customers' intentions to use in-room VAs, while effort expectancy and facilitating conditions did not. The results confirmed that culture did not play a substantial role in moderating the relationships between these factors and intentions to use.
Research limitations/implications
This study established that the instrument and structural paths in the research model were equivalent across two samples from different countries. The findings may not generalize to other countries as the data arises from customers in the US and Singapore.
Practical implications
The findings provide important implications for hotel operators and vendors seeking to enhance customer acceptance of in-room voice technology.
Originality/value
This study addresses the gaps of extant research by developing and testing a research model to better understand the influential factors of in-room VA adoption within the hotel domain.
The use of technology and Information Technology(IT) in particular is essential to the successful operations of the today's organizations. IT now is one of the major factors improving productivity and performance of the organizations. As the introduction and adoption of any new technology is encountered with many challenges and obstacles, so is the case with IT. A number of factors appear to impede/facilitate the diffusion of IT, in both developing and developed countries and this is particularly true for small and big organizations. This paper discusses different factors that may affect an organizations' decision to adopt an innovation, particularly in a Pakistani context. These factors include organizational factors like culture, structural, human resources and sociological factors like social, governmental, economical, political etc. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews and field surveys of 48 companies, 24 in manufacturing sector(12 local and 12 foreign) and 24 in banking sector(12 local and 12 foreign). The data was tested by applying different statistical techniques. The results of the research have led to the conclusion that the organizational decisions to adopt a new technology are very much effected by the above stated factors. The Pakistani companies have also faced the great influence of all these factors while implementing IT. Among others, the cultural factors are found to be at the top in all the companies. The management of these companies and other companies must make concrete efforts to minimize the negative impact of all these factors to avoid future failure and cost dangers.
This research paper examines the influence of cross-culture on the acceptance of mobile payment by evaluating a user acceptance model in three areas: Germany, Taiwan, and Mainland China. The study uses the Hofstede framework of cultural dimensions and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to analyze the impact of various factors on the acceptance of mobile payment. Preliminary results of the study indicate that national culture is a significant factor in the adoption of new technologies and suggest that the performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence, and perceived security can be used to understand the impact of culture on the acceptance of mobile payment. The results confirm that cultural dimensions such as uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and power distance are related to social influence and perceived security. The study suggest that national culture should be considered when launching new technologies.KeywordsCross-CultureUTAUTHofstedeMobile PaymentAdoption
The most popular model of technology acceptance related to information technology is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model originating from developed countries. If applied in developing countries, it may not be appropriate, given the different cultures. In this study, a technology acceptance model will be developed by incorporating cultural factors or dimensions to make it suitable for Indonesia. The cultural dimensions used are the dimensions found by Hofstede, namely Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation and User Avoidance. In this study the Masculinity dimension was not used because this dimension is not so visible in Indonesia. This research was conducted using quantitative methods, factor analysis and path analysis using Structure Equation Modelling. The cultural dimension is placed as a moderating variable. The results of this study, it was found that the cultural dimension of Power Distance had a positive effect on the relationship between Effort Expectancy and Behavioral Intention and between Performance Expectancy and Behavioral Intention.. The cultural dimension of Individualsm has a positive effect on the relationship between Effort Expectancy and Behavioral only. The cultural dimension of User Avoidance has a positive effect on the relationship between Social Infuence and Behavioral Intention. Social influence has a direct effect on Behavioral Intention, indicating that environmental factors really greatly influence the intention to use the internet. Keywords: technology acceptance, cultural dimension, moderating variable
This article presents a model of how social influence processes affect individuals' attitudes toward communication media and media use behavior. The model integrates two areas of research. One body of work posits that media use patterns are the outcome of objectively rational choices. These choices involve evaluating communication options and selecting an appropriate medium to match the communication requirements of the task. The second perspective is social information processing theory (Salancik & Pfeffer, 1978). This approach proposes that attitudes and behaviors are partially determined by information embedded in the social context. The synthesis of these perspectives asserts that media characteristics and attitudes are in part socially constructed. Furthermore, attitudes are influenced by attributions based on observations of one's own past behavior. This model is shown to explain a wider range of existing empirical findings. Also, new propositions are derived to guide future research. This social construction model of media use has significant implications for the design, conduct, and reporting of future research in organizations.
A field study of 95 middle-level and upper-level managers was undertaken to explain top managers' selection of communication media. The findings indicate that media vary in their capacity to convey information cues, and that media richness is correlated with message equivocality. Managers prefer rich media for equivocal communications and less rich media for unequivocal communications. The data suggest that high performing managers are more sensitive to the relationship between message equivocality and media richness than low performing managers. Implications for managers' use of information systems and electronic media are discussed.
There is widespread agreement among researchers that system usage, defined as the utilization of information technology (IT) by individuals, groups, or organizations, is the primary variable through which IT affects white collar performance. Despite the number of studies targeted at explaining system usage, there are crucial differences in the way the variable has been conceptualized and operationalized. This wide variation of system usage measures hinders the efforts of MIS researchers to compare findings across studies, thus impeding the accumulation of knowledge and theory in this area.
The purpose of this paper is to address conceptual as well as methodological issues related to measuring system usage. First, via LISREL measurement modeling techniques, we compare subjective and objective measures of system usage, namely, self-reported versus computer-recorded measures. Next, using a modified form of Davis' Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a nomological net, we test the nomological validity of these system usage constructs and measures.
Results of the LISREL measurement and nomological net analysis suggest that system usage should be factored into self-reported system usage and computer-recorded system usage. Contrary to expectations, these constructs do not appear to be strongly related to each other. Moreover, while self-reported measures of system usage are related to self-reported measures of TAM independent variables, objective, computer-recorded measures show distinctly weaker links.
In the face of such counter-evidence, it is tempting to argue that research that has relied on subjective measures of system usage (for example, research confirming TAM) may be artifactual. There are several alternative explanations, though, that maintain the integrity of TAM and studies that measure system usage subjectively. These alternative explanations suggest directions for further research as well as new approaches to measurement.
Computer systems cannot improve organizational performance if they aren't used. Unfortunately, resistance to end-user systems by managers and professionals is a widespread problem. To better predict, explain, and increase user acceptance, we need to better understand why people accept or reject computers. This research addresses the ability to predict peoples' computer acceptance from a measure of their intentions, and the ability to explain their intentions in terms of their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and related variables. In a longitudinal study of 107 users, intentions to use a specific system, measured after a one-hour introduction to the system, were correlated 0.35 with system use 14 weeks later. The intention-usage correlation was 0.63 at the end of this time period. Perceived usefulness strongly influenced peoples' intentions, explaining more than half of the variance in intentions at the end of 14 weeks. Perceived ease of use had a small but significant effect on intentions as well, although this effect subsided over time. Attitudes only partially mediated the effects of these beliefs on intentions. Subjective norms had no effect on intentions. These results suggest the possibility of simple but powerful models of the determinants of user acceptance, with practical value for evaluating systems and guiding managerial interventions aimed at reducing the problem of underutilized computer technology.
Usefulness and ease of use (EOU) are both believed to be important factors in determining the acceptance and use of information systems. Yet, confusion exists regarding the relationship between these two constructs and the relative importance of each in relation to use. Usefulness is seen as a function of task/tool fit, while EOU is viewed as a task-independent construct reflecting intrinsic properties of the user interface. This paper presents the results of a field study illustrating the hazards of focusing on EOU and overlooking usefulness. Based on the study, the authors suggest that perceived EOU may be a function of task/tool fit.
Research based on diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory investigates the evaluation, adoption, and implementation of innovations. Gaining understanding is difficult when tracing results on a study-by-study basis. To remove some of the barriers to comparison of results, we distinguish between innovations according to their locus of impact (IS unit, intra- or inter-organizational) and between studies according to research approach (factor or stage).A representative sample of 70 information technology (IT) related DOI research studies published by IT researchers over the last decade is evaluated using this classification scheme. From the analysis, it appears that the classification scheme may be used to provide a clearer understanding of IT innovation diffusion.Traditional DOI theory appears to be most applicable to ITs which have an intra-organizational locus of impact. ITs with an information system (IS) unit locus of impact appear to require less organizational support, and their extent of implementation appears to be related to nontraditional innovation characteristics such as functionality and efficiency. Inter-organizational locus of impact IT innovations, however, appear to be more affected by contextual and environmental variables, and their differences may be better explained by economic influence or critical mass theories.
Information systems (IS) cannot be effective unless they are used. However, people sometimes do not use systems that could potentially increase their performance. This study compares two models that predict an individual's intention to use an IS: the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The comparison was designed to be as fair as possible, not favoring one model over the other. Both TAM and TPB predicted intention to use an IS quite well, with TAM having a slight empirical advantage. TAM is easier to apply, but only supplies very general information on users' opinions about a system. TPB provides more specific information that can better guide development.
Valid measurement scales for predicting user acceptance of computers are in short supply. Most subjective measures used in practice are unvalidated, and their relationship to system usage is unknown. The present research develops and validates new scales for two specific variables, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which are hypothesized to be fundamental determinants of user acceptance. Definitions for these two variables were used to develop scale items that were pretested for content validity and then tested for reliability and construct validity in two studies involving a total of 152 users and four application programs. The measures were refined and streamlined, resulting in two six-item scales with reliabilities of .98 for usefulness and .94 for ease of use. The scales exhibited high convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. Perceived usefulness was significantly correlated with both self-reported current usage (r=.63, Study 1) and self-predicted future usage (r =.85, Study 2). Perceived ease of use was also significantly correlated with current usage (r=.45, Study 1) and future usage (r=.59, Study 2). In both studies, usefulness had a significantly greater correlation with usage behavior than did ease of use. Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a causal antecedent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a parallel, direct determinant of system usage. Implications are drawn for future research on user acceptance.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1986. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-250). Photocopy.
A 1985 survey of Singaporean analysts and programmers, on their perceptions on motivation, enables a comparison to earlier U.S. survey results. Growth need strength (GNS) of U.S. analysts is significantly higher than that of U.S. programmers. The GNS of Singaporean analysts and programmers was found to be equivalent to their U.S. counterparts. However, there were significant differences between the U.S. and Singaporean computer professionals for the other side of the motivation equation, the job's motivating potential. The Singaporean motivating potential score (MPS) was significantly lower for both job types, indicating a need for job enrichment and enlargement.
The present study performed a content analysis on 157 electronic mail files received over the course of several months by a middle level manager in a computer services depart ment of a large organization. The mail was coded and analyzed according to the direc tion of the communication through the hierarchy of the organization, the communication function of the mail, and whether or not the mail contained a redundant signature. Significant differences were found (chi-square=45.40, p< .001) in the communication function according to the direction of the communication. Vertical mail was more restricted in function than horizontally directed mail and was used primarily to exchange information. The presence or absence of a signature in the mail reflected the direction mail was sent through the organizational hierarchy. Subordinates and others signed mail signiftcantly more often than superiors (chi-square=18.62, p
Calls for new directions in MIS research bring with them a call for renewed methodological rigor. This article offers an operating paradigm for renewal along dimensions previously unstressed. The basic contention is that confirmatory empirical findings will be strengthened when instrument validation precedes both internal and statistical conclusion validity and that, in many situations, MIS researchers need to validate their research instruments. This contention is supported by a survey of instrumentation as reported in sample IS journals over the last several years. A demonstration exercise of instrument validation follows as an illustration of some of the basic principles of validation. The validated instrument was designed to gather data on the impact of computer security administration on the incidence of computer abuse in the U.S.A.
An abstract is not available.
Many researchers suggest that information technology (IT) implementation can be used to facilitate organizational reengineering. However, there are several factors that foster organizational inertia and inhibit such change. When an IT conflicts with an organization's culture, the implementation of that IT is resisted in two ways. The first may result in implementation failure by undermining the analysis and design process, underutilizing the system once implemented, and/or sabotaging the implemented system. The second adapts the IT during implementation or use so that conflicts with the existing culture are reduced. Both of these reduce the potential of IT implementation to engender organizational change. The impact of culture on organizational change is well known and documented in the organizational literature. This paper demonstrates some theoretical linkages among various cultures and different ITs. A theoretical case is therefore made concerning the inertial impact of culture on IT implementation.
Corporations have made large investments in information technology over the past thirty years. The current trend is to continue this investment in shared information technology (SIT), including such tools as electronic mail, distributed databases, teleconferencing, and group decision support systems. However, investment in SIT may not be appropriate for or beneficial to every company. This paper suggests that in order for SIT to be successfully implemented within a firm the corporate culture must be one that supports the sharing of information across traditional organizational boundaries. Further, the particular SIT tool selected must allow the same type of communication to take place as does the traditional communications mechanism that it is intended to replace. General guidelines are given for firms concerning conditions under which high return SIT can be implemented.
An abstract is not available.
Multinational corporations (MNCs) face a number of potential obstacles in their efforts to implement computer-based information systems in subsidiary companies. Culture may impede implementation efforts because of differences in the way information systems are interpreted and given meaning. Specifically, the meaning of an information system to the MNC's headquarters and systems development group may differ from the meaning it has for the managers and users in the subsidiary. This paper describes one MNC's efforts to implement an automated accounting system in two of its Latin American subsidiaries. Problems experienced in one country led the company to adjust its implementation strategy by involving members of the company's international division in a redesign effort. Subsequent efforts to implement the same system in the second country succeeded easily due to the compatibility between the implementation team's actions and those of the local managers and workers.
When a thing is new, people say: "It is not true." Later, when its truth becomes obvious, they say: "It is not important." Finally, when its importance cannot be denied, they say: "Anyway, it is not new."
Adapted from William James
The objectives of this article were two-fold: to investigate the extent to which technical, economic, or socio political values are guiding systems design in contemporary organizations, and to investigate the differences between the values of Canadian and Danish systems designers. The experiment was conducted in 13 Canadian and 8 Danish business and government organizations. The experiment showed 26% of the Canadian respondents and 29% of the Danish respondents have no dominant reason mode. The results for the Canadians were not surprising. The Danish results suggest that contrary to the conventional wisdom, social-democratic value positions do not always work to the detriment of technical and economic concern.
Information technology (IT) researchers repeatedly insist upon the rigorous validation of measuring instruments, yet most IT instruments remain at an early stage of development.The Technology Acceptance Model indicate that perceived usefulness and ease of use will influence an individual's intentios to use an information technology. This research introduces a criterion variable that measures intentions as a choice among sevearl alternatives with subjects actually expecting to use their choice.
Organizations continue to invest heavily in personal computers for their knowledge workers. When use is optional, however, having access to the technology by no means ensures it will be used or used effectively. To help us gain a better understanding of factors that influence the use of personal computers, researchers have recently adopted the theory of reasoned action proposed by Fishbein and Azjen (1975). This study uses a competing theory of behavior proposed by Triandis (1980). Responses were collected from 212 knowledge workers in nine divisions of a multi-national firm, and the measures and research hypotheses were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS). The results show that social norms and three components of expected consequences (complexity of use, fit between the job and PC capabilities, and long-term consequences) have a strong influence on utilization. These findings confirm the importance of the expected consequences of using PC technology, suggesting that training programs and organizational policies could be instituted to enhance or modify these expectations.
This paper presents the findings of two studies that replicate previous work by Fred Davis on the subject of perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information technology. The two studies focus on evaluating the psychometric properties of the ease of use and usefulness scales, while examining the relationship between ease of use, usefulness, and system usage. Study 1 provides a strong assessment of the convergent validity of the two scales by examining heterogeneous user groups dealing with heterogeneous implementations of messaging technology. In addition, because one might expect users to share similar perspectives about voice and electronic mail, the study also represents a strong test of discriminant validity. In this study a total of 1 18 respondents from 10 different organizations were surveyed for their attitudes toward two messaging technologies: voice and electronic mail. Study 2 complements the approach taken in Study 1 by focusing on the ability to demonstrate discriminant validity. Three popular software applications (WordPerfect, Lotus 1-2-3, and Harvard Graphics) were examined based on the expectation that they would all be rated highly on both scales. In this study a total of 73 users rated the three packages in terms of ease of use and usefulness. The results of the studies demonstrate reliable and valid scales for measurement of perceived ease of use and usefulness. In addition, the paper tests the relationships between ease of use, usefulness, and usage using structural equation modelling. The results of this model are consistent with previous research for Study 1, suggesting that usefulness is an important determinant of system use. For Study 2 the results are somewhat mixed, but indicate the importance of both ease of use and usefulness. Differences in conditions of usage are explored to explain these findings.
Management is communication intensive and, therefore, managers may derive benefits from computer-based alternatives to the traditional communication modes of face-to-face (FTF), telephone, and written memo. This research examined the use of electronic messaging (EM) by ongoing management groups performing a cooperative task. By means of an in-depth multimethod case study of the editorial group of two daily newspapers, it examined the fit between the interactivity of the chosen communication mode (FTF vs. EM) and the mode of discourse it was used for (alternation vs. interaction/discussion). Two propositions were derived from this exploratory study. The first proposes that FTF, being highly interactive, is appropriate for building a shared interpretive context among group members, while CMC, being less interactive, is more appropriate for communicating within an established context. Groups exhibiting effective communication will use FTF primarily for interactive discourse and EM for discourse consisting primarily of alternating adjacency pairs. The second proposes that to the extent that the appropriate communication modes are chosen, communication will be more effective.
Few cross-cultural studies have investigated how firms diffuse new information technologies (IT). Still fewer have advanced a theoretical perspective on possible cultural effects. In a world moving rapidly toward corporate multinationalism, this oversight seems notable. As foreign managers locate plants and offices in the U.S. and as American managers establish foreign subsidiaries and offices abroad, it is important for these managers to know in advance as much as possible about the impact of culture on technological innovation. Japan and the U.S. are cases in point. Both have subsidiaries and actively market goods and services in the other country, far flung enterprises for which IT seems to be a natural coordinating mechanism. Yet while U.S. companies exploit the advantages of IT such as E-mail, Japanese firms do not. The Japanese, however, do utilize FAX extensively. Culture is one fruitful explanation for these differences. To examine these two markedly different cultures and the effect of these differences on technological innovation, a large Japanese airline and financial institution were chosen as representative Asian sites. The IT experiences of 209 Japanese knowledge workers are contrasted with those of 71 1 knowledge workers in comparable firms in the United States on certain dimensions. Using Hofstede's work on culture and social presence/information richness theory as grounding, it was hypothesized that high uncertainty avoidance in Japan and structural features of the Japanese written language could explain Japanese perceptions about new work technologies such as E-Mail and FAX. Furthermore, the theoretical conceptualization in the paper attempts to account for Japanese departures from the U.S. experience. Results from empirical tests verified many, but not all of the predicted differences between Japanese and American knowledge workers. In general, cultural effects seem to play an important role in the predisposition toward and selection of electronic communications media. Surprisingly, responses to traditional media such as face-to-face and telephone were remarkably similar between cultures.
The authors report the results of an experiment conducted to
investigate the effects of GDSS (group decision support systems) and
elected leadership on decision processes in small-group, face-to-face
meetings in an oriental cultural setting. The group task was a
preference allocation task which has no right solution. The dependent
variables studied were influence imbalance and dominance significance,
which provide insight into how democratic the group decision-making
process is. The decision-making process was coded using L.L. Putnam's
(1981) procedural coding system to facilitate measurement of the two
dependent variables. An interaction effect was observed on the influence
imbalance. For those groups without elected leaders, GDSS promoted lower
influence imbalance, which means a more even distribution of influence
compared to a no-support treatment. For the groups with an elected
leader, no difference was observed for the decision support variable.
Dominance significance, which measures the influence of the most
dominant member in the group, was found to be lower with GDSS support.
On the other hand, the elected-leader groups reported higher dominance
significance than the groups without elected leaders
Information technologies" in: Handbook of Organizational Communication: An Inter-disciplinary Perspective
- M J Culnan
M.J. Culnan and M.L. Markus, "Information technologies" in: Handbook of Organizational Communication: An Inter-disciplinary Perspective, F.M. Jablin, K.H. Roberts, L.L. Putnam and L.W. Porter (Eds.), Saga Publications, Newbury Park, 1987, pp. 420-443.
Wiring the stateless corporation: Empowering the drivers and overcoming the barriers
- Ives
B. Ives and S. Jarvenpaa, "Wiring the stateless corporation: Empowering the drivers and overcoming the barriers," SIM Network, 6(5) (1991), pp. 5-8.
The impact of electronic networks on management communications: An information processing study
- J L Mckenney
- V S Doherty
- J J Sviokla
J.L. McKenney, V.S. Doherty and J.J. Sviokla, "The impact of electronic networks on management communications: An information processing study," Working Paper Harvard Business School, 1986.
Information technologies
- Culnan
The impact of electronic networks on management communications: An information processing study
- McKenney