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Adoption of Internet banking: An empirical study in Hong Kong
Abstract
This study investigates how customers perceive and adopt internet banking (IB) in Hong Kong. We developed a theoretical model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with an added construct Perceived Web Security, and empirically tested its ability in predicting customers' behavioral intention of adopting IB. We designed a questionnaire and used it to survey a randomly selected sample of customers of IB from the Yellow Pages, and obtained 203 usable responses. We analyzed the data using Structured Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of the hypothesized relationships, if any, among the constructs, which include Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Web Security as independent variables, Perceived Usefulness and Attitude as intervening variables, and Intention to Use as the dependent variable. The results provide support of the extended TAM model and confirm its robustness in predicting customers' intention of adoption of IB. This study contributes to the literature by formulating and validating TAM to predict IB adoption, and its findings provide useful information for bank management in formulating IB marketing strategies.
... Cheng, et al. [152] obtained similar findings when they evaluated the effects of perceived web security on attitudes towards internet banking and trust, usefulness, and perceived security. Other studies have considered internet banking using TAM; internet banking is relevant because research efforts confirm that accuracy, security, network speed, ease of use, user involvement, and convenience are critical to the attitudes toward internet banking adoption [153]. ...
... According to Ajzen and Fishbein [177], an attitude towards behavior is an evaluative judgment of marked hanges in an object. It is conceived as a predisposition learned to respond positively or negatively to an object [152] attitudes are shaped by the repertoire of dogmas relative to an object [178]. This Attitude can be determined by emotional factors, previous experiences, or preceding information from the environment, which defines whether the behavior will be executed [179]. ...
... H5: Table 11 highlights the negative influence of BCO on IAI. Ricci et al. [166] argued that attitude towards behavior is conceived as a learned predisposition to respond positively or negatively to an object [152]. This is why behavioral control towards Industry 4.0 is shaped by the repertoire of beliefs relative to the object, which does not influence the intention to adopt new technologies in organizations [187] which emotional principles, past experiences can relate, or through preceding information from the environment that specifies whether the behavior will be executed or not. ...
This study aims to understand the factors that drive actors belonging to the sector of organizations in Latin America (LA) to adopt Industry 4.0. The proposed model results from the analysis and integration of the technology adoption model (TAM), green information technology adoption model (GITAM), and theory of planned behavior (TPB). To determine the predictive factors for internal organizational actors, the research team surveyed information on organizations belonging to Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Peru. Information was collected from strategic, tactical, and operational personnel. Data were collected from 499 organizational actors in the productive sector, processed, and analyzed using a structural equation model with the partial least squares technique. The study model explains, first there is an influence of the variables Industry 4.0 perceived ease of use (PEU) and Industry 4.0 perceived utility (PUT) on Industry 4.0 attitude towards use (ATU). Second, there is a positive influence of Industry 4.0 technological context (ICO), Industry 4.0 subjective norm (SNO), Industry 4.0 attitude (ATT), Industry 4.0 attitude towards to use (ATU), and Industry 4.0 attitude behavioral control (BCO) on intention to adopt Industry 4.0 in the organization (IAI). Third, what was not supported is the influence of Industry 4.0 technological context (ICO) on the intention to adopt Industry 4.0 in the organization (IAI). The model results are consistent with those of other studies on technology adoption, and propose a model for Industry 4.0, which is a significant contribution to this study, especially for developing countries. INDEX TERMS Industry 4.0, organization, adoption model, Latin American.
... Amin et al. (2014) showed that consumer attitude plays a vital role in adopting Islamic home financing. Many previous studies (Cheng et al., 2006;Chiou & Shen, 2012;Bashir & Madhavaiah, 2015) discovered the impact of consumers' attitudes on banking behaviour and that attitude substantially impacts intention. In Malaysia, researchers looked into home financing and found a significant connection between attitude and adoption of Islamic banking products, musarkah & mutanaqisah (Taib et al., 2008). ...
... A sample item includes "I am confident that I could use Islamic Banking if I wanted to." The perceived usefulness construct of the four-item scale was adopted by Cheng et al. (2006). Its sample item includes, "I think that using Islamic banking would enable me to accomplish my task more quickly." ...
... Its sample item includes, "I think that using Islamic banking would enable me to accomplish my task more quickly." This study adopted a four-item perceived ease of use scale through previous studies (Cheng et al., 2006). A sample item includes "I think using Islamic banking is easy for me." ...
In Pakistan, the understanding percentage of products offered by Islamic banks is less than 8%, and it is the biggest challenge for the Islamic financial system to increase the compassion level of people about their laws offered products and services. This study investigates the relationship between attitude, perceived behavioural control, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, subjective norms, and intention to investigate the low adoption of Islamic banking in Pakistan. The study also analyses the mediating role of attitude and willingness to adopt Islamic banking. Partial least square structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypotheses. The findings revealed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness significantly impact the intention to use Islamic Banking. Similarly, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use significantly impact attitude. However, perceived behavioural control does not substantially affect attitude and intention to use Islamic banking. Moreover, the study also revealed a significant mediating role of attitude between subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to adopt Islamic Banking. These findings indicate that Banks should target the public and start a campaign through electronic and print media. Banks should provide information about their rules and regulations, which are genuinely according to Shariah, ultimately leading to people's positive attitude toward adopting Islamic banking.
... Many studies about consumers' intention to purchase online are applying the theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (e.g. Cheng et al., 2006;Chandio et al., 2013). TAM was proposed by Davis in 1989 as an extension to the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). ...
... According to TAM, consumers' attitude and behavioral intention to use technology or system depends on the perceived usefulness (PU) and the perceived ease of use (PEOU). TAM is widely used in computers and technology-related behavior (Cheng et al., 2006;Chandio et al., 2013). In the past, the TAM has been used by researchers to investigate factors that affect the acceptance and adoption intentions of technological innovations (Cheng et al., 2006;Chandio et al., 2013). ...
... TAM is widely used in computers and technology-related behavior (Cheng et al., 2006;Chandio et al., 2013). In the past, the TAM has been used by researchers to investigate factors that affect the acceptance and adoption intentions of technological innovations (Cheng et al., 2006;Chandio et al., 2013). It is also the most widely used theory in studies that measure the adoption intentions of internet or e-banking (Wang et al., 2003;Cheng et al., 2006) ...
The rise of the e-commerce industry in Indonesia started 10 years ago and Indonesia is predicted as the market leader in Southeast Asia by 2025. The growth of this industry is driven by an increasing number of middle-class millennial consumers who are technology savvy and have higher purchasing power. Despite the importance of this consumer segment, there are limited studies about the intention of middle-class millennial consumers to purchase through e-commerce, particularly in developing countries, such as Indonesia. This study intends to examine the factors leading to consumer intention to shop online by including perceived security and perceived privacy to extend the theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were collected from 187 respondents and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived security, and perceived privacy influences consumers’ intention to shop in e-commerce, which was mediated by their attitude toward e-commerce. Among these influencing factors, perceived usefulness had a greater role in shaping consumer attitudes toward e-commerce than perceived ease of use, perceived security, and perceived privacy..
... Perceived ease of use is defined as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort" (Davis, 1989, p.318). A large number of previous researches have shown that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use about mobile banking have significant effect on user's attitude thus influence the intention toward internet banking and mobile banking (Cheng, Lam, & Yeung, 2006, p.1558 (Hernandez, Mazzon, Jose´ Afonso Mazzon, & Mazzon, 2007, p.72) (Safeena et al., 2013, p.146) (Daud et al., 2011, p.252). In addition, Chitungo & Munongo (2013) has found from their research in Zimbabwe that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, relative advantages, personal innovativeness and Subjective norm have significant effect on user's attitude thus influence the intention toward mobile banking. ...
... Perceived usefulness is defined as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance" (Davis et al, 1989, p.318). Previous Studies show that Perceived Usefulness has a significant influence on adoption of mobile banking and internet banking (Akturan & Tezcan, 2012, p.444) (Cheng et al., 2006(Cheng et al., , p.1558 (Raza & Hanif, 2013, p.82) shows that perceived usefulness (PU), information of internet banking (INF), perceived risk (PR), security and privacy (SP) shows more influence to increase the intention of external customers to adopt internet banking services. Perceived usefulness is strongly connected with productivity. ...
... Earlier studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between perceived usefulness and intention to use (Yang, 2004;O'Cass et al, 2003;Karahanna et al, 1999, p.51;Taylor and Todd, 1995, p.144). According to (Cheng et al., 2006(Cheng et al., , p.1558, Perceived Usefulness has a direct effect on Intention of accepting internet banking. Yang (2004) has found that consumer's perceived usefulness influence intention to use M-commerce in Singapore. ...
The main objective of this study is to explore factors which influence Intention of young people to adopt Mobile Banking Applications. Primary data were collected from Turkey (217 participants) through questionnaires grounded on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) together with Trust (T). Through factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), the findings revealed that the Perceived Usefulness has positive influence on Intention to adopt mobile banking applications. Additionally, Trust also has positive influence on Intention to adopt mobile banking applications. Furthermore, Perceived Ease of Use not only has positive influence on the Perceived Usefulness, but also on Trust. Therefore, Perceived Ease of Use affects Intention to adopt mobile banking applications through these factors. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were found by ANOVA between males and females with respect to the factors investigated and Intention to adopt mobile banking applications.
... -Social influence (SI) (Subjective norm) including 4 variables from SI1 to SI5 was obtained from Ajzen and Fishbein (1975), Davis (1989), Cheng et al. (2006); Nasri and Charfeddine, (2012); Yadav et al. (2015). ...
... -Perceived behavioral control (PBC) including 4 variables from PBC1 to PBC4 was acquired from Ajzen (1991), Cheng et al. (2006); Nasri and Charfeddine (2012). ...
... -Intention to choose a tourist destination (BI) includes 5 variables from BI1 to BI5 which are learned from Ajzen and Fishbein (1975); Ajzen (1991); Davis (1989); Cheng et al. (2006); Yadav et al. (2015), Yoon and Uysal (2005), Ramkissoon et al. (2011); -Actual behavior (AB) including 4 variables from AB1 to AB5 is learned from Ajzen (1991), Davis (1989), Ajzen and Fishbein (1975); Woodside and Lysonski (1989); Preliminary survey and adjustment of the questionnaire After designing the survey, conducting a preliminary survey by directly contacting 10 international tourists visiting Hoi An during September and October 2022 and receiving customer feedback is a questionnaire that is easy to understand, has clear information, and can reflect the intention to choose a destination. Based on the feedback, the survey has been adjusted to conduct a formal survey from February to March 2023. ...
The paper aims to study the factors affecting the decision of international tourists to choose a tourism destination at Hoi An World Cultural Heritage Site. Based on the theory of intended behavior integrates new factors: Tourism products; Destination image; and Perceived risk. The research results show that: Using the Theory of Intended Behavior (TPB) with integration with 03 new components in the study of destination choice decisions of international visitors at the Hoi An World Cultural Heritage Site is appropriate; The model achieves composite reliability, discriminant, and extracted variance. The empirical model reached a high level of explaining the variation of variance and the predictive power reached a medium level; Two intermediate structures have been identified in the model, namely Attitude and Destination Image; Affirming the importance of structures has a strong influence on the decision structure of tourist destination selection, namely, perceived risk, social influence, image, and tourism product.
... Previous works of literature have correlated FinTech services adoption with various theories but TAM is extensively used by past studies (Susilo et al., 2019;Slazus and Bick, 2022;Chong et al., 2010, Cheng et al., 2006 while conducting research that is concerned with the adoption of FinTech Services and its related fields. Therefore, since TAM has been enormously backed by empirical findings so the present study has used TAM as the base model to examine the factors that affect the users' intention to adopt FinTech Services in India with special reference to selected districts of Uttar Pradesh. ...
... While Perceived Usefulness (PU) is the degree to which a user's subjective probability that adopting a certain technology will result in his/her improved job performance (Venkatesh and Bala, 2008). And Intention to use refers to the user's intent to adopt, in contrast to their actual use of FinTech services (Cheng et al., 2006). PU & PEOU are considered the prime constructs that are capable to influence users' intention to use any technology (Davis, 1989). ...
... On the contrary, Setiawan et al. (2021) & Chong et al. (2010 found that PEOU had an insignificant influence on users' intentions. Cheng et al. (2006) & Setiawan et al. (2021 revealed that the relationship between PEOU and Users' intentions is mediated by PU. So, based on prior literature, the hypothesis was framed as: ...
... A seven-point Likert Scale (1 ¼ Strongly disagree, 7 ¼ Strongly agree) was used to assess the extended TAM variables. Two items measured PU, 'I think AI would be very useful' and, 'I think AI would improve/ enhance my ability to live' (Cheng, Lam, and Yeung 2006;Davis 1985). Two items represented PEOU, 'I think AI would make my daily life easier' and, 'I think interacting with an AI device would be difficult for me' (Cheng, Lam, and Yeung 2006;Davis 1985). ...
... Two items measured PU, 'I think AI would be very useful' and, 'I think AI would improve/ enhance my ability to live' (Cheng, Lam, and Yeung 2006;Davis 1985). Two items represented PEOU, 'I think AI would make my daily life easier' and, 'I think interacting with an AI device would be difficult for me' (Cheng, Lam, and Yeung 2006;Davis 1985). As per Kelly, Kaye, and Oviedo-Trespalacios (2023), additional variables were assessed alongside the two TAM variables to strengthen the model's predictability: trust and subjective norms. ...
... Appendix A Appendix B Cheng, Lam, and Yeung (2006) Davis (1989) Trust I trust AI to make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments Choung, David, andRoss (2022) Dinev andHart (2006) AI is a trustworthy channel for me to share my personal details Dinev and Hart (2006) Subjective norms If people close to me used AI, I would too Ajzen (1991) Most people who influence my behaviour would think that I should use AI for daily life Ajzen (1991) Most people whose opinions I value would approve of me using AI for daily life Ajzen (1991) ...
Participatory data stewardship (PDS) empowers individuals to shape and govern their data via responsible collection and use. As artificial intelligence (AI) requires massive amounts of data, research must assess what factors predict consumers' willingness to provide their data to AI. This mixed-methods study applied the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with additional predictors of trust and subjective norms. Participants' data donation profile was also measured to assess the influence of individuals' social duty, understanding of the purpose and guilt. Participants (N = 322) completed an experimental survey. Individuals were willing to provide data to AI via PDS when they believed it was their social duty, understood the purpose and trusted AI. However, the TAM may not be a complete model for assessing user willingness. This study establishes that individuals value the importance of trusting and comprehending the broader societal impact of AI when providing their data to AI.Practitioner summary: To build responsible and representative AI, individuals are needed to participate in data stewardship. The factors driving willingness to participate in such methods were studied via an online survey. Trust, social duty and understanding the purpose significantly predicted willingness to provide data to AI via participatory data stewardship.
... This study uses seven attributes of UTAUT2 as exogenous variables that are measured based on four measurement items developed from research by Venkatesh et al. (2012), Çera., et al. (2020), Patil et al. (2020), Farzin et al. (2021), Bin-Nashwan (2021), Oliveira et al., (2016), Morosan & DeFranco (2016), Karjaluoto et al., (2020), Mikalef, et al., (2012, Kalinić, et al., (2020). Researchers also added two Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) attributes and one attribute of perceived security as exogenous variables measured based on three measurement items developed from research by Venkatesh et al. (2012) Cheng et al., (2006), Kuo &Yen (2009), andSalisbury et al., (2001). Meanwhile, the four items measuring the intention to waqf variable as endogenous variables were developed from research by Venkatesh et al. (2012), Oliveira et al. (2016), Çera, G. et al. (2020), and Farzin et al. (2021). ...
... Lower effort in using Sharia digital services can result in higher performance to achieve profits in ZISWAF distribution, but not necessarily adopting Sharia digital services. This finding is consistent with Verkijika (2018), Gupta et al. (2018), Sheikh et al. (2017), Oliveira et al. (2016), Baptista & Oliveira (2015), Slade et al. (2014), Zhou (2014), and Cheng et al. (2006). The insignificant results in this study are not surprising because many other studies have shown that effort expectancy is not essential in predicting the intention to adopt various types of technology (Morosan & DeFranco, 2016). ...
Research Originality: Indonesia, the fourth-most populous country after India, China, and the USA, has the largest Muslim population in the world, with a population of 231 million Muslims, or almost 13% worldwide. The number of millennial Muslim generations is around 59.415 million, or 85 percent of the total number of millennials, making it a potential market. This paper contributes to the existing behavioral intention literature by focusing on the integration of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, and Perceived Security (PS) theory towards sharia digital services.Research Objectives: This research examines the antecedents of behavioral intention to adopt sharia digital services in ZISWAF distribution among the millennial Muslim generation in Indonesia.Research Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis method and involved 350 respondents in Indonesia. By adopting the theories of Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, and Perceived Security (PS).Empirical Results: The study results show that performance expectancy, habit, price value, and compatibility have a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention to adopt sharia digital services in ZISWAF distribution. Furthermore, the price value variable is the strongest predictor of behavioral intention to adopt sharia digital services in ZISWAF distribution.Implications: This research has important meaning for the Indonesian government, ZISWAF institutions, and application providers because it provides valuable insight into considering accelerating ZISWAF distribution among the millennial Muslim generation.JEL Classification: Z12, L31How to Cite:Hariyanto., Ratnasari, R. T., Rusgianto, S., & Pitchay, A. A. (2024). Antecedents of Behavioral Intention to Adopt Sharia Digital Services in ZISWAF Distribution. Etikonomi, 23(1), 109 – 128. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i1.33892.
... Reliability, honesty and authentication (McKnight & Chervany, 2002; Wang, Lin, & Luran, 2006) [33,49] in operation create trust among the consumers. The consumers' perception about uncertainty in operating technology (Littler & Melanthiou, 2006) [29] , high risk of leakage of personal financial information via internet and crimes (Cheng, Lama, & Yeung, 2006) [12] related to that, often creates distrust and restricts the ready acceptance of technology. The perceived risk in using mobile banking is even more as the mobile is a transmitting device always, whereas the computers have the internet access only when it is connected in internet. ...
... Reliability, honesty and authentication (McKnight & Chervany, 2002; Wang, Lin, & Luran, 2006) [33,49] in operation create trust among the consumers. The consumers' perception about uncertainty in operating technology (Littler & Melanthiou, 2006) [29] , high risk of leakage of personal financial information via internet and crimes (Cheng, Lama, & Yeung, 2006) [12] related to that, often creates distrust and restricts the ready acceptance of technology. The perceived risk in using mobile banking is even more as the mobile is a transmitting device always, whereas the computers have the internet access only when it is connected in internet. ...
... The findings of our study are consistent with those of (Cheng et al., 2006;V. S. Lai & Li, 2005), highlighting the paramount importance of items that have been empirically used and validated to assess attitude. ...
... These results are consistent with the works (Cheng et al., 2006); (Kaabachi & Obeid, 2016) who indicate in their studies these measurement scales representing an effective, easy tool to measure SMEs' intention to use Shariah-based finance products. These measurement scales were identified as relevant tools, facilitating an accurate assessment of SMEs' intention to use Shariah-compliant financial products. ...
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in economic growth and have become a major concern for governments and policymakers in developed and developing countries alike. Given the importance of SMEs in Morocco's economic growth, it is essential that SMEs have access to sources of financing. However, access to finance is one of the main constraints to SME development, hence the importance of the participatory banking sector which has grown considerably worldwide over the past 40 years due to its ethical, religious and solidarity dimensions. It is set up to boost the banking system, meet the needs of unsatisfied customers and give hope to SMEs that face difficulties in accessing traditional bank financing. Indeed, predicting the behavior of SMEs and the determinants that influence their adoption of participatory finance are the subject of many studies. In Morocco, no study has attempted to develop a model for the adoption of this ethical finance in SMEs. Hence, the objective of this article is to better understand the determinants that influence the intention of Moroccan SME managers to adopt participatory finance products. To achieve this objective, we conducted empirical research using the qualitative approach, in order to obtain a high level of credibility with respect to the results obtained. Thus, these different analyses have given rise to a new model explaining the way in which SME managers can opt for participatory financing in the Moroccan context, particularly in the Fez-Meknes region.
... Acceptance and usage of a technology are directly impacted by technology system security (PS), which examines any potential vulnerabilities in technology use (Cheng et al., 2006). The intention of users to use technologies involving sensitive and personal data is determined by security (Oliveira et al., 2016). ...
... Perceived security refers to the adoption and utilization of technology, where technology security analyzes the potential insecurity in using technology (Cheng et al., 2006). This construct is assessed using three indicators adapted by Waspada, (2012). ...
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan generasi Z terhadap e-wallet DANA di Kota Mataram dengan memanfaatkan model extended UTAUT atau UTAUT-2 beserta persepsi kepercayaan dan keamanan. menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei kuesioner yang disebarkan dalam bentuk digital dan manual. Responden penelitian ini adalah pengguna e-wallet DANA yang berjumlah 120 orang, berdomisili di Kota Mataram, berusia 13-28 tahun. Teknik analisis yang digunakan peneliti adalah (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian, tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara nilai harga, kebiasaan, motivasi hedonis, kondisi yang memfasilitasi, ekspektasi kinerja, ekspektasi upaya, atau nilai harga terhadap niat Generasi Z untuk mengadopsi e-wallet DANA sebagai sistem pembayaran digital. Sementara itu, niat generasi Z untuk menggunakan e-wallet DANA sangat dipengaruhi oleh persepsi keamanan, kepercayaan, dan pengaruh sosial. Kemudian, niat berperilaku generasi Z berdampak besar pada penggunaan e-wallet DANA atau tidak. Implikasinya bagi penyedia layanan e-wallet DANA adalah memberikan rekomendasi strategi dan perencanaan dalam meningkatkan niat generasi z untuk mengadopsi sistem pembayaran e-wallet DANA.
... M-commerce's advantage also been presented in different studies , however it differs person to person. Similarly, The perceived ease of use has been studied in previous technologies ,such as mobile gaming, EG, World Wide Web and online banking (Chi, 2018;Hsu and Lu, 2004;Chong et al., 2010;Lederer et al., 2010;Cheng, Lam and Yeung, 2006) .Additionally, The application features of mobile device, such as small screen and difficulty in key PU PEOU SOI MS Attitude (ATT) Behavioral intention (BTS) to use M-commerce data also addressed in many studies, which might affect the percived ease of use and also act as barriers in adaptation of M-commerce Mostafa & Eneizan, 2018). Perceived ease of use has been also studied in various information systems related o m-commerce, such as eservice (Featherman, Miyazaki, & Sprott, 2010), multimedia messaging service (MMS) (Hsu et al., 2009), wireless technology (Wu, Cheng, Yen, & Huang, 2011), Mobile Internet (Kim, Chan, & Gupta, 2007;Singh, S., Sahni & Kovid, 2020) and instant messaging (To, Liao, Chiang, Shih, & Chang, 2008;Thongpapanl & Venkatesh, 2018). ...
... Past literatures by Wei et al. (2009 found that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use plays an important role in consumers' behavior intention toward adoptation H3: there is a positive and significant relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude toward M-commerce adoptation. The perceived ease of use has been studied in past technologies such as mobile gaming (Hsu and Lu, 2004), 3G (Chong et al., 2010), World Wide Web (Lederer et al., 2010), and Online Banking (Cheng, Lam and Yeung, 2006),features of mobiles devices , their results supports this study result. H5: there is positive and significant relationship between social influence and attitude and H6: there is positive and significant relationship between social influence and behavior intention. ...
M-commerce, or mobile commerce, has gained popularity due to its expanded possibilities over Electronic commerce, which has been growing at a far faster pace because to the Covid-19 outbreak in Pakistan. The utilization of wireless technologies has increased in the M-commerce sector. There are more mobile phone users than personal computer users. In spite of Pakistan's apparent interest in M-commerce as a means of trade, nothing is known about the country's citizens' desire to utilize this new wireless electronic platform. Thus, customers' behavioral intention to use m-commerce has been investigated using an improved technology acceptance model (TAM) that takes into account the consequences of social influence and mobile self-efficacy. The sample size for this study was 220 people from Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad, and Multan, which is a statistically significant number. A variety of statistical techniques, including factor and reliability analysis as well as correlation and regression, were used to examine the data by using SPSS version 19. Customers' attitudes toward adopting M-commerce are positively influenced by their perceptions of its utility, ease of use, social influence, and personal efficacy on their mobile devices, according to this study, which also found a link between these factors and their behavioral intent to use M-commerce.
... Other information such as gender, age, education, monthly income, and the use of Internet banking were also included. Four items of PEU and four items of PU were taken from the study of Cheng et al. (2006). Five items of ICIB have been adapted from the study of Cheng et al. (2006), and Featherman and Pavlou (2003) while four items of scale of PFR are adapted from the work of Featherman and Pavlou (2003) and accustomed to this study setting. ...
... Four items of PEU and four items of PU were taken from the study of Cheng et al. (2006). Five items of ICIB have been adapted from the study of Cheng et al. (2006), and Featherman and Pavlou (2003) while four items of scale of PFR are adapted from the work of Featherman and Pavlou (2003) and accustomed to this study setting. ...
Technological developments have been thought to portray a pivotal role in promoting economic growth, particularly within the financial sector in developing economies which has been reported significantly influenced by users' perceptions of technology usability, which are shaped by their technology usage experiences. This study integrates antecedents of the UTAUT model with the Innovation Diffusion Theory to empirically assess the perceived usability of Internet banking and its role for economic growth. Post-experience data were collected from 315 banking clients in Lahore, Pakistan. After validating the sample's reliability, validity, adequacy, and sphericity, a structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test the study's hypotheses. The findings revealed that the perceived usability of bank clients was positively influenced by perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which in turn impact their intention to continue the use of Internet banking. Mediating role of perceived usability did not support by the results. However, the presence of ease of use and usefulness exhibited a positive moderating effect of financial risk on users' intention to continue using Internet banking. These findings provide valuable insights for academics seeking to comprehend users’ experience and usability about the use of technology. Additionally, the results steer policymakers to formulate effective policies that maintain users’ engagement in Internet banking, thus contributing to economic growth through effective use of technology. Notably, this study contributes new perspectives based on data collected from functioning Internet banking users in developing economies.
... The establishment of a sense of security during online transactions is widely recognized as crucial in alleviating client apprehensions related to online purchases (Salisbury, Pearson, Pearson, & Miller, 2001). According to Cheng, Lam, and Yeung (2006) customers tend to augment their utilization of electronic services solely when they perceive a sense of security in their transactions. Security considerations impact the employment of electronic banking services since a greater level of security is linked with a corresponding rise in the adoption of ebanking services. ...
... Establishing a sense of security during online transactions is widely acknowledged as crucial in alleviating client apprehensions associated with online purchases (Salisbury et al., 2001). According to Cheng et al. (2006) customers tend to enhance the utilization of e-services solely when they perceive a sense of security in transactions. ...
Pakistan's banking sector has shown notable commitment to embracing modern financial services, like electronic banking, mobile banking, and payments through mobiles, electronic wallets, and engagement with these services. This study primarily aims to assess customer receptiveness toward adopting diverse e-banking services within emerging economies. The study employs the UTAUT2 framework, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and extends it by incorporating additional components: awareness, security and privacy as a mediator and trust as a moderator. A survey-based approach gathered responses from 250 customers, and covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) was employed for testing hypotheses. An empirical examination of the UTAUT2 model sheds light on the relationship between its dimensions and individuals' inclination to use e-banking services. The study highlights the significance of recently integrated variables in explaining consumers' willingness to embrace electronic banking services, offering valuable insights for the banking industry and contributing to the existing knowledge base. Additionally, the study provides recommendations for banks to enhance customer satisfaction and also to develop such strategies that will be helpful in attracting customers towards the usage of electronic services offered by the banks.
... All the measuring items for the factors used in this study were taken from previous research (see "Appendix Table 6"). The items for information sensitivity were adopted from Dinev et al. (2013), perceived financial risk from Nguyen et al. (2022) and Featherman and Pavlou (2003), perceived privacy risk from Thakur and Srivastava (2014), perceived usefulness from Cheng et al. (2006), privacy perception, security perception, and trust from Nadeem and Al-Imamy (2020), structural Assurance from Delgosha and Hajiheydari (2020), and willingness to share information from Anderson and Agarwal (2011). The measuring items were modified accordingly to fit the context. ...
... Thakur and Srivastava (2014) "I think registering to mobile payment services increases the likelihood of receiving spam" "I think mobile payment service providers endanger my privacy by using my personal information without my permission" "I think mobile payment service providers will send SMS advertisements without my consent" Perceived usefulness "Financial transactions can be performed conveniently with mobile payment service options" Cheng et al. (2006) "Using the mobile payment services makes it easier for me to carry out banking operations" "I find the mobile payment services useful to carry out my financial transactions" Privacy perception "Mobile payment platforms clearly explain how information provided by consumers is used" Nadeem and Al-Imamy (2020) "Mobile payment platforms collect personal information with the consent of consumers" "Without the consent of consumers, mobile payment platforms do not use personal information for purposes other than for the original transactions" "Mobile payment platforms guarantee that personal information of consumers will be handled in accordance with a third party's privacy protection regulations and have acquired authentication knowledge" "Mobile payment platforms do not apply special technology to collect and analyse the internet behaviour and shopping habits of consumers without their consent" Security perception "Mobile payment platforms guarantee that they observe a third-party's transactional security-protection regulations and have acquired authentication" Nadeem and Al-Imamy (2020) "Mobile payment platforms guarantee that transmission of transactional data will be protected without any unauthorised modification or sabotage" "Mobile payment platforms have a transactional security policy that consumers can understand easily" "Mobile payment platforms guide consumers to correct and safe payment steps" Structural assurance "There are enough safeguards in the mobile payment platform environment to make me feel comfortable using them for personal financial transactions" ...
Privacy concerns persist when consumers disclose information, impacting mobile payment services diffusion. However, information disclosure is inevitable in mobile payment services. According to the privacy paradox, users’ willingness to disclose information is governed by assessing perceived risks and associated benefits. This study investigates the role of structural assurance and trust in reducing users’ sensitivity to information disclosure in mobile payment services. A conceptual model is proposed by employing communication privacy management theory and privacy trust behavioural intention as overarching theoretical guidance. Based on the analysis of 339 valid responses, using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the assessment suggests that structural assurance can boost privacy and security perception to enhance users’ trust in mobile payment services. Trust reduces perceived risks and information sensitivity, positively influencing information disclosure. A thorough understanding of privacy concerns can contribute to improved service and system development, efficient utilisation of collected data, and identification of appropriate data management solutions that ensure data subjects’ privacy protection. The insights may further help practitioners craft communication strategies and derive privacy policies to facilitate better diffusion of mobile payment services.
... This may be the main reason that restrains them from opting for Digital services effectively. Services are essential and they are willing to adopt them when certain provisions provided [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. ...
The digitalisation of banking services is certainly a positive note that reduces the fatigue of the customers by operating their transactions through their mobile gadgets and other electronic instruments using the internet. However, the research literature demonstrates that Digital initiatives not only has positive connotation but has created a digital divide among the demographics across the communities the studies also show evidence that there exists a huge gap among age groups, gender, income levels and socio-cultural groups in availing digital technologies in financial, especially the banking sector [1,2]. The present study is an attempt, which focuses on understanding the changing and existing phenomenon of banking with special reference to Digitalisation and the adoption process of these new technologies by customers. The study mainly takes the constructs from Technology acceptance Models to test whether there exists any digital divide among the demographics in the study.
... Perceived ease of use has been defined as the degree to which an individual perceives/believes that the use of IT will require little effort [42]. It is commonly believed that when performing tasks, individuals will likely use technology more consistently if they perceive that it is easy to use the technology; namely, the more sophisticated the IT that is involved, the lower its probability of use becomes [44]. Many researchers have revealed the significant impacts of perceived ease of use on technology adoption [e.g., 38,41,45,46]. ...
While smart cities have been initiated by various city governments around the world in recent years, digital transformations with regard to services have become essential for a city to be smart. Nonetheless, few previous studies have explored the adoption intentions toward smart city services, especially from a perspective of social learning. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the adoption intentions toward smart city services among users. Based on social learning theory, this study develops a research model that integrates adoption intentions and five factors: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, social influence, and government support. This study examined this model via survey data from 940 respondents in Taiwan. The results reveal that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust have positive effects on adoption intentions and that social influence and government support have impacts on adoption intentions through trust. The results offer a useful reference for other countries in the early stages of smart city initiatives, and they have significant theoretical implications for researchers in the areas of smart cities and innovative service adoption.
... Consumers can also reap advantages from SSTs like companies, such as avoiding employee mood issues, dealing with fluctuating service demand, saving time and money, reducing reliance on specific locations and schedules, getting prompt responses from users , experiencing more consistent service, and interacting without human employee involvement. (Cheng et al., 2006;Weijters et al., 2007). ...
As Nigeria strives to embrace technological advancements, the automation of business processes has become a pivotal aspect of modernization. This research investigates the challenges inherent in automating business processes in Nigeria, focusing specifically on the complexities associated with automating filling stations. The study comprehensively investigates the challenges associated with automating business processes in fuel stations. Through qualitative interviews and analysis, the research aims to identify and understand the difficulties inherent in adopting automated models. The research concentrated on the incorporation of automated fuel stations by examining motorists' overall attitudes and perceptions towards this innovation. The results indicate that motorists are inclined to embrace this innovation when they perceive tangible benefits. These findings contribute to a more nuanced comprehension of the factors that impact the effective integration of this technology, providing valuable insights for stakeholders in the Nigerian petroleum industry. The study's findings indicate that motorists are inclined to contemplate the adoption of automated filling stations, particularly when they perceive these facilities as beneficial and capable of enhancing their overall service experience at service stations. Notably, the research highlights a prevalent concern among motorists regarding security and safety aspects. Many participants expressed the belief that these factors would significantly influence their decisions and attitudes toward considering the adoption of such facilities if introduced in the Nigerian market. These insights underscore the importance of addressing safety and security considerations to foster greater acceptance and positive reception of Self-Service Fuel Stations among motorists in Nigeria. iii
... actual use of digital marketing (Dahiya & Gayatri, 2017;Lin, 2007).behavioural intention to use digital marketing (Kazaure et al., 2020;Lee, 2009;Nimfa et al., 2021;Venkatesh et al., 2003) perceived behavioural control (Cheng et al., 2006;L. Wu & Chen, 2005) subjective norm (Acheampong & Cugurullo, 2019;Venkatesh et al., 2003) attitude towards digital marketing (Ahene Djan, 2021; Grandón & Ramírez-Correa, 2018;Lee, 2009;Rahman et al., 2017) derived from existing literature. ...
... [33,49] in operation create trust among the consumers. The consumers' perception about uncertainty in operating technology (Littler & Melanthiou, 2006) [29] , high risk of leakage of personal financial information via internet and crimes (Cheng, Lama, & Yeung, 2006) [12] related to that, often creates distrust and restricts the ready acceptance of technology. The perceived risk in using mobile banking is even more as the mobile is a transmitting device always, whereas the computers have the internet access only when it is connected in internet. ...
... Study made by Cheng, Lam and Yeung (2006) contributes to the literature by formulating and validating TAM to predict IB adoption, and its findings provide useful information for bank management in formulating IB marketing strategies. ...
The purpose of this study is to investigate how financial metrics and digital finance may be used in the Nepalese province of Bagmati to promote financial inclusion. It assists in discovering the characteristics that enable digital financial inclusion by attempting to uncover the critical elements that analyze society behavior in this regard. With a quantitative methodology, panel data from 6400 respondents is used in the study. To investigate correlations between variables and choose the best model for analysis, descriptive statistics, unit root tests, correlation analysis, and the CFA model are used. ADB, UDB, CDB, GDB, and QDA were discovered to have an incredibly significant positive correlation in the current study. The current study also found that the regions of Nepal's Bagmati Province had a relatively high percentage of voluntary exclusion. but there was also a very good chance of switching to the use of QDA. By analyzing the effects of numerous financial measures and digital finance within the dynamic and cutthroat financial market of Bagmati province, this study adds to the body of knowledge on financial analysis. The results provide useful information for stakeholders, policy makers, and the banking sector, enabling them to better understand how perception and perceived risk can be leveraged to promote digital financial inclusion in Nepal's Bagmati Province and support well-informed financial decision-making that will improve the banking and financial sector. Enhancing customer satisfaction and strengthening the banking sector's financial standing might solve the issue of digital finance and have beneficial societal effects, including a rise in the processing of complaints and DFS's economic expansion.
... Study made by Cheng, Lam and Yeung (2006) contributes to the literature by formulating and validating TAM to predict IB adoption, and its findings provide useful information for bank management in formulating IB marketing strategies. ...
The intent of the study is to examine how content investors are with the attributes of service offered by Nepal’s dematerialized accounts. The term “Dematerialized Account” (abbreviated as “DEMAT account”) refers to a paperless or digital method of purchasing and selling stocks and other financial assets. Analysis of investor satisfaction with Nepal’s Dematerialized (DEMAT) Account Service Quality was the study’s primary goal. The study’s descriptive research design was utilized to gauge participant satisfaction with the level of service quality. The study discovered that the tangible component significantly affects investor satisfaction. Accordingly, the depository units should concentrate on the tangible aspect of service quality to ensure that investors are as satisfied as possible.
... The measurement items for this study were adopted from different sources and modified to suit the study. The items measuring perceived usefulness and charges and fees were adopted from Venkatesh et al. (2012) and Belanger and Carter (2008); items for perceived security and privacy were adopted from Cheng et al. (2006). Those for continuous intention use were adopted from Bhattacherjee (2001), Lee (2010) and Chong (2013b) and those for confirmation came from Bhattacherjee (2001b) and Kim et al. (2009). ...
This study examines the effect of user's satisfaction on post-acceptance behaviour of mobile money users. Specifically, the paper identifies satisfactory factors and further examines the relationship between satisfaction and continuous use of mobile money application at the post-acceptance phase. Data was collected from 696 mobile phone users who had subscribed to mobile money services. Partial least squares (PLS) (Smart PLS 3.0) were used to analyse the collected data to test proposed hypotheses. This study revealed that users' satisfaction is a significant factor that influences their intentions to continue to use mobile money services. The results indicated that users' satisfaction is strongly influenced by confirmation and perceived usefulness which in turn significantly impact on continuous use of mobile money applications. Also, perceived security and privacy exert significant impact on users satisfaction. It was noted that charges and fees were insignificant but positively related to users' intentions to continue to use mobile money applications. The findings have implications on both telecommunication firms and policy makers as they offer practical guidelines in developing strategies to ensure continuous use of mobile money applications/ services as we improve upon financial inclusion in Ghana in particular and Africa in general. This study therefore fills the gap in the post-adoption stage of mobile money usage and further use in Ghana.
... Cronbach's alpha value was calculated to test the reliability of the scales. These values calculated for all scales are between 0.812 and 0.910 and are above the commonly accepted value of 0.70 (Cheng et al., 2006). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine the factor structures of the items forming the scale. ...
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors aff ecting the attitudes and intentions of individual users for the use of artifi cial intelligence in mobile banking. The data were obtained by survey method from university students using mobile banking applications. 397 forms were accepted as valid out of a total of 418 questionnaire forms, and these data were analyzed with the structural equation modeling. It is revealed that the perceived usefulness positively aff ects the perceived ease of use and the attitude and intention to use artifi cial intelligence in mobile banking. At the same time, it was determined that the perceived ease of use and perceived security aff ected the attitude positively but the intention negatively. The attitude of using artifi cial intelligence in mobile banking aff ects the intention positively. It will be benefi cial for banks if customers trust the use of artifi cial intelligence in mobile applications and engage in activities that will facilitate the use of these technologies. In this study, the eff ects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived security factors on the intention to use artifi cial intelligence in mobile banking were investigated and it was aimed to fi ll the gap in the literature.
... The second part of the questionnaire was developed based on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of, security risk, financial risk, attitude, and intention to use. Perceived ease of use was adapted from the measurement defined by, [17], [52], [53]. Perceived usefulness was adapted from the measurement defined by, [8], [54], [55]. ...
This study examines the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk on Gen Z’s attitude toward using digital banking. Furthermore, this study examines whether the attitude toward digital banking influences their intention to use it. This research applied a quantitative approach, with the sample study being Gen Z between the ages of 18 and 25. With a total sample size of 148 respondents, an online questionnaire was distributed through Google Forms to gather the data. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 software is the method of data analysis employed. It was found that perceived usefulness and perceived risk have a significant effect on attitude toward digital banking, whereas perceived ease of use does not have a significant effect. Perceived ease of use is positively significant towards perceived usefulness. Lastly, attitude toward the use of digital banking has a positive effect on the intention to use digital banking. Novelty/value- One characteristic of Generation Z is their familiarity with technology. Gen Z is the Generation that will continue to utilize technology; thus, it is crucial to understand their decisions about the usage of digital banking. This study sheds light on previously understudied aspects affecting attitudes and intentions toward digital banking in Indonesia.
... The incomplete responses of 21 respondents were removed since they did not respond to all questions in the questionnaire. (Cheng, Kao, & Lin, 2021) Case-wise or list-wise deletion is a common practice of data cleaning to avoid data bias in cases where missing values exceed 50% of the study variables, and the deletion of cases does not affect the power of analysis [11]. As per Kim et al. (2019) For 8 respondents, the responses are deleted when it was determined that they had been straightlining [24]. ...
... Salisbury et al. (2001) were the first to integrate PS with TAM; they developed a perceived web security scale and tested its impact on user online purchase intention. T. C. E. Cheng et al. (2006) incorporated perceived web security, PEOU and PU in accessing banking websites. Hence, theoretical and empirical support exists for integrating PS and TAM variables (Hartono et al., 2014). ...
Under this “new normal” world scenario, online teaching has been essential rather than a choice in continuing learning activities. During the COVID-19 period, virtual teaching platforms played an important role in the success of online teaching in various higher educational institutions. Thus, the current study attempted to predict faculty adoption of online platforms by introducing a set of essential drivers for engaging in online teaching. Following the theory of reasoned action, the study broadened the technology acceptance model variables and security and trust as extrinsic determinants and included resistance to change as moderators to invigorate the research model. Data were collected through an online survey with a sample size of 418 Indian respondents. Our results posit that perceived ease of use, usefulness, security and trust positively influence the faculty's intentions to adopt online platforms. In addition, the study also reported that positive intention leads to the actual use of virtual platforms. Furthermore, the research found the moderating role of the resistance to change dimension in the association of intention and actual use of virtual teaching platforms. The findings provide both theoretical and practical applications of educational technology. Implications for practice or policy The first step for accepting virtual teaching platforms is to help faculty to reduce their resistance for effective online teaching. Higher education institutions should have a policy promising faculty that online teaching using virtual teaching platforms will offer a safer and more trustworthy environment. Higher education institutions should undertake intense organisational renewal and implement bottom-up processes for synchronous learning. Regulators could frame a policy including virtual teaching platforms to provide interactive professional development opportunities.
... The presence of Multicollinearity among independent variables was evaluated using the variance inflation factor (VIF) at a cut-off point of less than 10 and tolerance greater than 0.1 [62]. The VIF ranges from 1.031 to 1.221 in this study, and the tolerance ranges from 0.819 to 0.970 also used the correlation coefficient method to test for Multicollinearity between exogenous observed variables, and all Pearson's correlations were less than 0.8, which is the recommended value for ruling out Multicollinearity. ...
Background
Mental health problems are the most common morbidities of women during the prenatal period. In LMICs mobile phones have been identified as a good vehicle for monitoring individuals with a high risk of mental health conditions. However, evidence is scarce and the purpose of this study was to assess the intention to use a mobile phone to receive mental health support and its predicting factors among women attending antenatal care at public health facilities in Ambo town, Ethiopia 2022.
Methods and materials
An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from May 20th to June 20th, 2022. A total of 715 prenatal women were included and a systematic random sampling technique was employed. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used. Collected data was exported to SPSS version 25 for the descriptive part, and AMOS 26 structural equation modeling was also used to describe and assess the degree and significance of relationships between variables.
Results
A total of 699 (97.8% response rate) responded to complete all the questionnaires. About 530 (77.3%) 95% CI (74%-80.3%) of women intended to use a mobile phone to receive mental health support. The perceived usefulness has a positive effect on attitude (β = 0.391, p < 0.001) and intention to use (β = 0.253, p < 0.001). The perceived ease of use influences perceived usefulness (β = 0.253, p < 0.001) and attitude β = 0.579, p < 0.001). The intention to use is positively affected by attitude (β = 0.662, p < 0.001).Trust has a positive effect on perceived usefulness (β = 0.580, p < 0.001) and intention to use (β = 0.113, p = 0.005). Subjective norm has a direct positive effect on perceived usefulness (β = 0.248, p < 0.001). Attitude serves as a partial mediator between perceived usefulness and intention to use and a complete mediating role between perceived ease of use and intention to use.
Conclusion
The level of intention to use a mobile phone among prenatal women is relatively high and attitude, perceived usefulness, and trust had direct positive effects on intention to use a mobile phone. Therefore, hospitals and healthcare providers should take proactive measures to implement the strategies and policies for providing mobile phone-based mental health support to prenatal women in remote areas.
... Financial institutions in agent businesses generate more profits and higher revenues than those that use only branch networks. Banks can benefit from lower running costs as agent banking requires less paper work, fewer staff, and fewer physical branches (Cheng et al., 2006). Agent Banking has proved to be successful as it has gained a competitive advantage for financial institutions that have adopted it; it is able to offer a variety of products just as the branches do; a wider market has also been achieved; and resources are now more utilized than initially. ...
The global business environment is undergoing significant changes marked by intense competition, and the banking industry is no exception. In response to these dynamics, commercial banks are increasingly embracing innovation, with agency banking emerging as a notable addition. This study explores the determinants of financial performance in agency banking in Kenya. The theoretical framework guiding this investigation incorporates agency theory and competitive advantage theory. The study identifies key influencers of agency banking performance, such as financial service accessibility, transaction costs, market share, and compliance with Central Bank regulations. Financial service accessibility is crucial in fostering financial inclusion, especially in rural areas, and has positively impacted deposit levels. Transaction costs have significantly decreased, enhancing the viability of small-scale transactions and serving the previously unbanked. Market share is explored as a determinant of profitability, with a larger market share providing institutions more control over services and pricing. The study also emphasizes the role of Central Bank regulations in ensuring the safety of financial transactions conducted through agency banking. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the determinants of financial performance in agency banking in Kenya, offering insights that can inform strategic decision-making in the dynamic landscape of modern banking.
... Price consciousness states to the extent to which the customer efforts solely on giving a low cost (Lichtenstein et al., 1993). People have to maintain a certain lifestyle for which they use their credit cards more thus increasing the credit card debt as well (Bukhari et Cheng et al., 2006;). In this regard, Kiyici (2012) reported that credit card holders have been found more price-conscious and thus have positive attitudes toward credit. ...
... Along with challenging the traditional financial services set-up (McWaters et al. 2015), technology, including financial technology (FinTech), has successfully enhanced the overall performance of organizations (Chen et al. 2021;Liu et al. 2021). Researchers have primarily examined the attributes affecting FinTech adoption from the perspectives of individual users/customers (Cheng et al. 2006;Tan and Leby Lau 2016;Leong et al. 2017). However, the research about the predictors driving organizations' FinTech adoption needs to be more conclusive. ...
This paper examines the link between creative and innovative leadership and FinTech adoption through the transmission mechanisms of perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU). This study used a questionnaire survey method to collect data from a sample of 721 employees working in the Indian financial services sector. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The study results revealed a significant and positive influence of creative and innovative leadership, PEOU, and PU on FinTech adoption. Moreover, PEOU and PU mediated the link between creative and innovative leadership and FinTech adoption. This study proposes a new vision for managerial procedures to understand the critical aspects regarding FinTech adoption. The study advises that engineering managers should offer simple and user-friendly technology to enhance the adoption rate. Additionally, the results suggest the importance of creative and innovative leadership for competitively exploiting novel technologies. Given India’s digital revolution and huge market potential, the FinTech sector could prove a game-changer, especially in generating employment for the young and technologically qualified population. Tech-driven organizations could use the study findings strategically in this digital era.
... The psychological risk was taken from Cox (1967) assessment, including two items. The overall risk was formulated by considering Featherman and Pavlou (2003) and Jacoby and Kaplan (1972), including five items, and the intention was adopted from Cheng et al. (2006). ...
Studies illustrate progress in financial technology in Pakistan; nevertheless, the uncertain obstacle that prevents clients from adopting financial technology remains unclear. The research on the perceived risk, particularly in using financial technology in Pakistan, is limited. Therefore, this research bridges this gap. Two hundred ten members partook in this exploration. We have used the structural equation modeling approach to probe the acquired information and hypothesis. Empirical results show that three of eight perceived risk factors: performance risk, financial risk, and overall risk, have a substantial adverse effect on the intention to utilize financial technology. The highest impact was performance risk, followed by financial risk and overall risk. Whereas the other five risks: social risk, time risk, security risk, legal risk, and psychological risk, statistically have no substantial adverse effect on intent to utilize financial technology. The outcomes help experts better conceptualize and diminish hazard boundaries in planning for the disturbance of financial technology (fintech). Experts are likewise encouraged to focus on fintech’s operational aptitudes and utilitarian framework execution in fintech administrations.
This chapter provides readers with empirical evidence on green banking behaviour in Vietnam. Green banking has recently emerged as an ideal future model for banks, serving as a foundation for transitioning to a green economy and sustainable development. The study finds that subjective norms, attitudes toward the green bank, perceived behavioural control, and top management support directly affect green banking intention. Subjective norms had the most significant impact of all. All independent variables were found to affect green banking behaviour through the indirect contribution of green banking intention. Furthermore, green banking intention significantly influences green banking behaviour. The research findings imply effective solutions for promoting green banking behaviour in developing countries.
Conversational AI (CAI) systems which encompass voice- and text-based assistants are on the rise and have been largely integrated into people's everyday lives. Despite their widespread adoption, users voice concerns regarding privacy, security and trust in these systems. However, the composition of these perceptions, their impact on technology adoption and usage and the relationship between privacy, security and trust perceptions in the CAI context remain open research challenges. This study contributes to the field by conducting a Systematic Literature Review and offers insights into the current state of research on privacy, security and trust perceptions in the context of CAI systems. The review covers application fields and user groups and sheds light on empirical methods and tools used for assessment. Moreover, it provides insights into the reliability and validity of privacy, security and trust scales, as well as extensively investigating the subconstructs of each item as well as additional concepts which are concurrently collected. We point out that the perceptions of trust, privacy and security overlap based on the subconstructs we identified. While the majority of studies investigate one of these concepts, only a few studies were found exploring privacy, security and trust perceptions jointly. Our research aims to inform on directions to develop and use reliable scales for users' privacy, security and trust perceptions and contribute to the development of trustworthy CAI systems.
The study investigates the effects of information communication technology and customer service on customers’ satisfaction in the courier and parcel industry in Nigeria. Correlation design was used to investigate the relationship between the independent variables ICT and customer service and the dependent variable customer satisfaction. Questionnaire was administered conveniently to sample 220 customers of the courier and parcel industry in Nigeria, and data analysis carried out using SPSS version 21. The study revealed a significant relationship between ICT and customer satisfaction in the courier and parcel industry in Nigeria. Also, the study found a positive relationship between customer service and customer satisfaction in the courier and parcel industry of Nigeria. Practical implication for service managers and direction for future studies are presented.
In this theoretical research titled “Financial Inclusion, Technology, and Virtual Banking: A Theoretical Perspective,” I explore the intersection of financial inclusion and technology. Our focus lies in understanding the factors influencing the demand for technology as the sole platform for banking needs. Through qualitative analysis of focus group discussions, I identify critical determinants such as socio-cultural perceptions, trust in technology, ease of use, and perceived benefits. Additionally, we highlight challenges faced by individuals transitioning from traditional banking to virtual platforms and propose policy recommendations to promote inclusive and accessible financial services in an increasingly digital world.
This study examines the mediating role of fitness centre members' attitudes between perceived risk-behavioural intention and the moderating role of brand equity in the linkage between “perceived risk-behavioural intention” and “perceived risk-attitude-behavioural intention.”. Data was collected from 280 fitness club members in Ankara, Türkiye. Proposed hypotheses are tested through PROCESS analyses. The analyses demonstrated support for the hypotheses. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, a noticeable decrease in fitness centre memberships is attributed to perceived risks. In this context, this research contributes to the fitness centre literature by exploring the role of brand equity and providing insights for managers.
Purpose
This study aims to explore the determinants that impact state Islamic University/Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri students’ intention to adopt online cash waqfs . In doing so, this study integrates knowledge of cash waqf and trust variables within the theory of planned behavior (TPB), allowing an examination of the mediating role of TPB variables and trust within the relationship between knowledge of cash waqf and intention for online cash waqf behavior.
Design/methodology/approach
To carry out an empirical analysis, the authors developed a well-structured questionnaire and distributed it to a group of students currently enrolled in PTKIN, obtaining 443 usable responses. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique was used for the dual purposes of data analysis and hypothesis testing.
Findings
This study demonstrates that factors such as attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, trust and knowledge of cash waqf have a significant and favorable influence on the intention to donate through e-cash waqf . Knowledge of cash waqf impacts attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and trust. The final analysis shows that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and trust partially mediate the relationship between knowledge and intention in the online cash waqf context.
Practical implications
The aforementioned elucidates the paramount importance of trust in shaping individuals’ tendencies to engage in cash waqfs . The insights mentioned have the potential to be used by cash waqf establishments to promote transparency and accountability, ultimately bolstering the confidence of potential donors.
Originality/value
The concepts of waqf and the use of online cash waqf as a means of donation in developing countries are relatively new. In this study, the intention of students to adopt online cash waqf was predicted for the first time by considering their knowledge of cash waqf and their trust in online cash waqf transactions.
This is an Open Access Journal / article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All rights reserved. The purpose of this study was to find out factors impacting the adoption of Internet banking services using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with reference to Women Customers. The present study is based on primary data, collected data from women users of Internet banking services in Gujarat, India. 167 women participated in this study, and respondents were chosen using non-probability convenience sampling. Frequency distribution, reliability, validity, and structural equation modelling were carried out. The result found that ease of use, usefulness, and trust have a positive significant relation with the attitude towards the use of Internet banking services. Usefulness, trust, and attitude towards use have a positive significant relation with the intention to use Internet banking services, whereas ease of use has an insignificant relation. The results are expected to have a significant role in the adoption of Internet banking services, particularly among women users and banking sectors.
The technology acceptance model (TAM) is a widely accepted theoretical framework that explains how users accept and use technology. TAM has been applied in various marketing contexts to explain consumer behavior toward new technological products and services. By understanding how consumers perceive their products’ usefulness and ease of use, marketers can design effective marketing strategies that maximize consumer adoption and usage rates. This paper provides a comprehensive review of using TAM in marketing development. First, a metadata analysis was conducted by adopting 1089 papers from the Scopus database to review previous works in TAM and marketing. Second, a descriptive bibliometric analysis was performed using 437 published works and a VOS viewer to determine the recent development in using TAM in marketing. Third, content analysis of 57 papers using Wordstat was conducted to indicate the latest trends in marketing. Results reveal that marketing research using TAM is on an upward curve with limitations in implementing recent technologies. Sustainability Switzerland, Developments in Marketing Science, and International Journal of Bank Marketing were the top journals, Tan, G.W.H and Dr. Ooi Keng-Boon were the leading authors, business and management, computer science and social science were the principal areas of research, and USA, China, and Malaysia were the top countries. Results of bibliometric analysis reveal that mobile, technology, market research, and online marketing were the top trends in marketing. These results indicate the increasing importance of marketing trends and the TAM model used in today’s market and management.
This study delves into the patterns of adoption of retail internet banking among Malaysian banking consumers. Its primary focus lies in exploring how demographic factors influence the behaviour of banking consumers towards internet banking adoption in this specific area. Employing a quantitative approach, the study conducts a questionnaire survey across various banks. The findings revealed that hypotheses relating to gender, race, income, educational level, and occupation did not yield significant support. However, the hypothesis concerning age exhibited notable support. Consequently, the study underscores the pivotal role of age in shaping the adoption of internet banking among banking consumers. Thus, it is deduced that a discernible relationship exists between age demographics and the uptake of internet banking services. Further analysis suggests that individuals below the age of 25 constitute a significant proportion of the demographic driving the observed differences in adoption rates. Building upon these insights, it can be inferred that younger banking consumers exhibit a greater propensity towards embracing internet banking services. Drawing implications from these findings, it is imperative for retail bankers, to tailor their strategies accordingly to foster greater adoption of internet banking. This might entail the development of targeted initiatives aimed at engaging and catering to the preferences of younger banking consumers. By aligning their strategies with the preferences and behaviours of different age demographics, banks can effectively encourage the uptake of internet banking services and enhance overall customer satisfaction within the retail banking sector.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is continuing to make larger inroads into practically every part of our everyday lives, and it is difficult to imagine what influence it will have on the business world in the near future. Large and small businesses alike are constantly looking for ways to leverage artificial intelligence in some form or another, and it's never been better for businesses to fully embrace AI's promise, especially because of how quickly technology is progressing. AI can be used to help businesses improve employee engagement, which is an issue that affects businesses around the world.' Artificial intelligence systems can take care of monotonous and high-volume administrative duties, allowing HR to devote their time and energy to developing meaningful engagement and connections with workers and applicants. The purpose of this study is to determine how the introduction of Artificial Intelligence can drive Employee Engagement while also creating a positive experience for the employees participating in it.
Digital finance has emerged as a key driver of financial inclusion and innovation in India, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of research on how digital finance affects the financial behaviour and well-being of consumers, how it promotes financial literacy and education among consumers, and what are the obstacles and possibilities of digital finance for financial innovation and inclusion in the post-pandemic scenario. This paper explores the factors affecting the adoption of digital finance in Sambalpur City, with a particular focus on perceived benefits and perceived risks. The study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to participants across various regions in Sambalpur city. The findings reveal that perceived benefits outweigh perceived risks, indicating a general movement towards digital finance adoption. The study offers valuable insights for financial managers and digital finance service providers, enabling them to efficiently allocate resources and improve their services to grow the adoption of digital finance. The paper concludes by highlighting the ability of digital finance to drive financial inclusion and economic growth in India, and the need for a more inclusive and secure digital financial future.
Purpose: Intermediaries are crucial in determining individuals’ acceptance of cashless transactions (CLT). However, currently, there is a lack of clear evidence regarding the extent to which intermediaries influence individuals’ adoption of CLT. Hence, this study investigates intermediaries’ role of perceived – usefulness, ease of use, trust and attitude towards adopting CLT.
Methodology: The survey was carried out by the researchers in Hyderabad, India, among 455 participants from all six zones. Subsequently, the researchers used the PLS-SEM approach to evaluate the relationship between the various factors under investigation, using the data obtained from the participants.
Findings: The study’s findings indicate that combining all 13 independent variables can account for 68.8% of the variation in the dependent variable, which is the intention to adopt CLT. Personal innovativeness and self-efficacy indirectly influence users’ behavioural intentions towards adopting CLT through perceived ease of use and usefulness rather than a direct pathway. Furthermore, perceived usefulness, ease of use, and trust are significant mediators for the factors shaping users’ intentions to adopt CLT.
Originality/Value: This research formulated eighteen significant mediator hypotheses based on logical reasoning supported by pertinent literature using a comprehensive research framework. Among these eighteen hypotheses, only five have been examined in previous literature, while the remaining thirteen hypotheses are explored, and their results are uncovered for the first time in this study. As a result, this research provides additional insights into individuals’ acceptance of CLT, offering valuable guidance for policymakers and bankers in developing effective strategies to promote the adoption of CLT.
This empirical study aims to examine what drives consumers’ behavioral intention to adopt digital wallet by integrating task technology fit theory into UTAUT model. For this purpose, 700 samples were approached through emails, out of which 479 valid responses were solicited. To test and validate the proposed research model, CFA and SEM were performed using AMOS 20. The results of this study highlighted that task technology fit emerged as one of the significant factors among all factors included in the model with direct and indirect effect on behavioral intention. More interestingly, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, and cost are found to be other significant predictors of consumers’ digital wallet adoption. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights for digital wallet service providers, system developers, and governments for their strategic decision to enhance the adoption of digital wallet in the upcoming digital era. This study contributes specifically in the area of digital wallet adoption and information system acceptance in general.
The issue of behavioral intention to use electronic transaction is backed up with rapid change in all types of traditional transactions. Electronic money (e-money) exists as new technology for electronic transaction. However, it is still ineffective in Indonesia where majority of the consumer prefer to use manual transaction business in the Bank and using cash notes. This is a potential for crime when they bring a lot of money to the Bank and thus have impact the Indonesian economy. E-money is a stored value or prepaid products that had recorded the funds or value and it can be done in online and offline transaction. Behavioral intention is a process in any type of actual behavior with giving the expression in making decision to the adoption of behavioral intention. This study attempts to explain consumers' intentions to participate in the e-money transaction through the model that integrates the TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) and the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model). Five major variables or focus of the concept and practice of e-money transaction have been studied in this article. The conceptual framework of e-money transactions were reviewed to understand behavioral intention of consumers from perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risks, security and encouraging a learning system transaction. The proposed framework and hypotheses were presented in this article. Quantitative method will be utilized as sources of data collection. A total of one thousand and five hundred respondents will be selected using purposive sampling method in Medan, Indonesia. Descriptive analysis and Multiple Regression analysis will be conducted to analyze the data. The article ended with suggestion for future studies.
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of virtual reality experience quality on destination visit intention and virtual reality travel intention through the technology acceptance model (TAM).
Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative data gathered from questionnaires applied to 198 people after undertaking an imaginary three-dimensional (3D) destination experience were analyzed with PLS-SEM.
Findings
Virtual reality experience quality influences perceptions and intentions. The perceived ease of use affects perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness effects attitude and destination visit intention, while perceived risk affects only virtual reality travel intention. Attitude affects both intentions.
Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of the study relates to the quality of the experience offered, which is limited to the technical capacity of the virtual reality glasses used. Virtual reality can be used as a new economic offering and create a realistic destination experience. Virtual reality experience quality is an important determinant of intention in physical and imaginary travels, in shaping perceptions and minimizing travel risks. The explanatory power of the model can be increased by adding the perceived risk variable to TAM. The study has brought new perspectives, new insights and suggestions for developing tourism.
Originality/value
In the study, a 3D imaginary destination with its mise-en-scène and story, which includes more than one destination type, was designed. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing real and virtual visit intentions, combining the fields of the experience economy, risk perception and TAM.
Two meta-analyses were conducted to Investigate the effectiveness of the Fishbein and Ajzen model in research to date. Strong overall evidence for the predictive utility of the model was found. Although numerous instances were identified in which researchers overstepped the boundary conditions initially proposed for the model, the predictive utility remained strong across conditions. However, three variables were proposed and found to moderate the effectiveness of the model. Suggested extensions to the model are discussed and general directions for future research are given.
Research dealing with various aspects of* the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985,
1987) is reviewed, and some unresolved issues are discussed. In broad terms, the theory is
found to be well supported by empirical evidence. Intentions to perform behaviors of different
kinds can be predicted with high accuracy from attitudes toward the behavior, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control; and these intentions, together with perceptions of
behavioral control, account for considerable variance in actual behavior. Attitudes, subjective
norms, and perceived behavioral control are shown to be related to appropriate sets of salient
behavioral, normative, and control beliefs about the behavior, but the exact nature of these
relations is still uncertain. Expectancy value formulations are found to be only partly
successful in dealing with these relations. Optimal rescaling of expectancy and value
measures is offered as a means of dealing with measurement limitations. Finally, inclusion of
past behavior in the prediction equation is shown to provide a means of testing the theory*s
sufficiency, another issue that remains unresolved. The limited available evidence concerning
this question shows that the theory is predicting behavior quite well in comparison to the
ceiling imposed by behavioral reliability.
A study developed and validated new scales for perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which were hypothesized to be fundamental determinants of user acceptance. The definitions of the 2 variables were used to develop scale items that were pretested for content validity. The items were then tested for reliability and construct validity in 2 studies involving a total of 152 users and 4 application programs. After refining and streamlining the measures, the resulting 2 scales of 6 items each demonstrated reliabilities of .98 for usefulness and .94 for ease of use. The scales also exhibited high convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. In both studies, usefulness had a greater correlation with usage behavior than did ease of use, though both were significantly correlated with current usage and future usage. Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a casual antecedent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a direct determinant of system usage.
Academics and practitioners alike have been arguing about whether the Internet brings a revolutionary change in the fundamental way we do business or if it simply offers a new distribution channel and communication medium. Regardless of the answer to that debate, one thing is certain: the Internet provides managers with an enormous amount of customer information that was previously unavailable. Thus, the new struggle has been to manage this information and to use it accurately and efficiently to measure customers, trends, and performance. However, the volume of this data has overwhelmed many e-commerce managers. As a result, e-commerce managers have been focusing on aggregate level summary statistics rather than fully leveraging their data. Using commonly available clickstream data, this article discusses the benefits of separating an individual customer's buying behavior into simple patterns of visits and purchasing conversion. This analysis of the buying process allows us to more carefully examine the relationship between store visits and purchasing behavior.
Factor analysis, path analysis, structural equation modeling, and related multivariate statistical methods are based on maximum likelihood or generalized least squares estimation developed for covariance structure models (CSMs). Large-sample theory provides a chi-square goodness-of-fit test for comparing a model (M) against a general alternative M based on correlated variables. It is suggested that this comparison is insufficient for M evaluation. A general null M based on modified independence among variables is proposed as an additional reference point for the statistical and scientific evaluation of CSMs. Use of the null M in the context of a procedure that sequentially evaluates the statistical necessity of various sets of parameters places statistical methods in covariance structure analysis into a more complete framework. The concepts of ideal Ms and pseudo chi-square tests are introduced, and their roles in hypothesis testing are developed. The importance of supplementing statistical evaluation with incremental fit indices associated with the comparison of hierarchical Ms is also emphasized. Normed and nonnormed fit indices are developed and illustrated. (43 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Computer systems cannot improve organizational performance if they aren't used. Unfortunately, resistance to end-user systems by managers and professionals is a widespread problem. To better predict, explain, and increase user acceptance, we need to better understand why people accept or reject computers. This research addresses the ability to predict peoples' computer acceptance from a measure of their intentions, and the ability to explain their intentions in terms of their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and related variables. In a longitudinal study of 107 users, intentions to use a specific system, measured after a one-hour introduction to the system, were correlated 0.35 with system use 14 weeks later. The intention-usage correlation was 0.63 at the end of this time period. Perceived usefulness strongly influenced peoples' intentions, explaining more than half of the variance in intentions at the end of 14 weeks. Perceived ease of use had a small but significant effect on intentions as well, although this effect subsided over time. Attitudes only partially mediated the effects of these beliefs on intentions. Subjective norms had no effect on intentions. These results suggest the possibility of simple but powerful models of the determinants of user acceptance, with practical value for evaluating systems and guiding managerial interventions aimed at reducing the problem of underutilized computer technology.
The measurement of unobservable (latent) variables has been a recent phenomenon in the manufacturing research area. Most available empirical research in manufacturing has been exploratory in nature and has borrowed its methods extensively from other fields such as psychology, sociology, and marketing. Traditional exploratory techniques have been used to provide preliminary scales and assess measurement properties. Manufacturing researchers have, however, overlooked the assessment of unidimensionality, an essential measurement property and a basic assumption of measurement theory. An explicit evaluation of unidimensionality can be accomplished with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of individual measures as specified by a multiple-indicator measurement model. A paradigm for scale evaluation incorporating CFA for the assessment of unidimensionality is outlined here along with methodology to assess other measurement properties such as convergent validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. A measurement model is tested first followed by a structural model of interest. The hypothesized structural model relates pull production with two of its antecedents, setup improvement and preventive maintenance practices. It further relates pull production to one of its consequences, delivery dependability. Responses from 244 firms are used to test the measurement and structural model.
This study develops an extended model to predict consumer acceptance of electronic-shopping (e-shopping) based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and the technology acceptance model (TAM). Our model was tested using data collected from 212 questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression. The results show that individual attitudes toward e-shopping are strongly and positively correlated with user acceptance. The empirical results confirmed that perceived ease of use of trading on-line (PEOUT) and perceived usefulness (PU) significantly determine individual attitudes toward e-shopping, as well as confirming the significant effect of perceived ease of use of the Web on PEOUT, which in turn affects PU. However, PU was not found to affect user acceptance significantly. Additionally, user satisfaction with the Internet/WWW and perceptions of information, system and service were shown to affect user acceptance significantly. Overall, the proposed model could be used to predict consumer willingness to shop on the Web.
The technology acceptance model (TAM) has been applied in different contexts to investigate a wide range of information technologies (IT), and a cumulative tradition has already been developed in this stream of research. Most TAM studies have been empirical investigations, using the survey approach with great success. TAM is a mature model and has been validated in different contexts. However, it still needs to be empirically investigated for its invariance across different respondent subgroups in order to make sure that different sample profiles would not have a negative effect on the findings. Unfortunately, this has not happened in most TAM research. Here, we applied different levels of invariance analysis on the TAM construct in the context of Internet banking acceptance. We concluded that the TAM construct was invariant for our sample across different gender, age, and IT competence subgroups. These findings suggested that male and female, old and young, IT expert and novice, conceptualized the TAM construct in very similar ways. These findings allowed us to understand TAMs validity in technology acceptance research.
A separate and distinct interaction with both the actual e-vendor and with its IT Web site interface is at the heart of online shopping. Previous research has established, accordingly, that online purchase intentions are the product of both consumer assessments of the IT itself-specifically its perceived usefulness and ease-of-use (TAM)-and trust in the e-vendor. But these perspectives have been examined independently by IS researchers. Integrating these two perspectives and examining the factors that build online trust in an environment that lacks the typical human interaction that often leads to trust in other circumstances advances our understanding of these constructs and their linkages to behavior. Our research on experienced repeat online shoppers shows that consumer trust is as important to online commerce as the widely accepted TAM use-antecedents, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Together these variable sets explain a considerable proportion of variance in intended behavior. The study also provides evidence that online trust is built through (1) a belief that the vendor has nothing to gain by cheating, (2) a belief that there are safety mechanisms built into the Web site, and (3) by having a typical interface, (4) one that is, moreover, easy to use.
The measurement of unobservable (latent) variables has been a recent phenomenon in the manufacturing research area. Most available empirical research in manufacturing has been exploratory in nature and has borrowed its methods extensively from other fields such as psychology, sociology, and marketing. Traditional exploratory techniques have been used to provide preliminary scales and assess measurement properties. Manufacturing researchers have, however, overlooked the assessment of unidimensionality, an essential measurement property and a basic assumption of measurement theory. An explicit evaluation of unidimensionality can be accomplished with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of individual measures as specified by a multiple‐indicator measurement model. A paradigm for scale evaluation incorporating CFA for the assessment of unidimensionality is outlined here along with methodology to assess other measurement properties such as convergent validity, discriminant validity, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. A measurement model is tested first followed by a structural model of interest. The hypothesized structural model relates pull production with two of its antecedents, setup improvement and preventive maintenance practices. It further relates pull production to one of its consequences, delivery dependability. Responses from 244 firms are used to test the measurement and structural model.
A new method for representing attitudinal reactions is developed and related to current information integration approaches. Hypotheses are tested about the effects of expectancy-value measures and affect toward the act on intentions and subsequent behavior. The findings lead to a modification and extension of current attitudinal models and their relation to intentions and behavior.
Much fascination and speculation surrounds the impact of the World Wide Web on consumer shopping behavior. At the same time, there is little empirical evidence underlying all this speculation. This article provides one such data set. It reports on factors that consumers found salient as they browsed through selected electronic malls on the World Wide Web. We gathered consumers' reactions via an open-ended survey using a sample of 220 shoppers. We related the reactions to the factors of product perceptions, shopping experience, customer service, and perceived consumer risk, which we had identified from the existing literature on retail patronage behavior. This study translated these factors to the World Wide Web context and explored their relative salience. With respect to product perceptions, consumers were impressed by the breadth of stores on the World Wide Web but disappointed with the depth of a merchant's offerings. The shopping experience was reported to be generally enjoyable, but at the same time frustrating. Consumers also reported that they could perceive the potential for time savings and reduced effort compared with traditional forms of shopping, but that, at present, goal-directed shopping was difficult. Nearly everyone in the sample had something negative to say about customer service on the World Wide Web, judging that the sites were not designed to be responsive to their needs and that the presentation of goods and services seemed intangible. Risk was cited as a barrier to shopping on the World Wide Web, but was not as salient to our sample as product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. Overall, the results suggest that World Wide Web merchants need to think more about how they perform on the factors known to affect consumer behavior; namely, product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. We offer advice for enhancing the design of World Wide Web retail sites.
This study investigates adoption/use behavior within the context of Hong Kong Internet Banking services. A research framework based on the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2) and Social Cognitive Theory is developed to identify factors that would influence the adoption and continue use of Internet Banking. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is employed to examine the entire pattern of inter-correlations among the eight proposed constructs, and to test related propositions empirically. A survey involving a total of 499 university students is conducted and confirmatory factor analysis used to determine the measurement efficacies. The results reveal that both subjective norm and computer self-efficacy indirectly play significant roles in influencing the intention to adopt Internet Banking. Perceived ease of use has a significant indirect effect on intention to adopt/use through perceived usefulness, while its direct effect on intention to adopt is not significant.
A new method for representing attitudinal reactions is developed and related to current information integration approaches. Hypotheses are tested about the effects of expectancy-value measures and affect toward the act on intentions and subsequent behavior. The findings lead to a modification and extension of current attitudinal models and their relation to intentions and behavior.
Persuading users to adopt new information technologies persists as an important problem confronting those responsible for implementing new information systems. In order to better understand and manage the process of new technology adoption, several theoretical models have been proposed, of which the technology acceptance model (TAM) has gained considerable support. Beliefs and attitudes represent significant constructs in TAM. A parallel research stream suggests that individual difference factors are important in information technology acceptance but does not explicate the process by which acceptance is influenced. The objective of this paper is to clarify this process by proposing a theoretical model wherein the relationship between individual differences and IT acceptance is hypothesized to be mediated by the constructs of the technology acceptance model. In essence then, these factors are viewed as influencing an individual's beliefs about an information technology innovation; this relationship is further supported by drawing upon extensive research in learning. The theoretical model was tested in an empirical study of 230 users of an information technology innovation. Results confirm the basic structure of the model, including the mediating role of beliefs. Results also identify several individual difference variables that have significant effects on TAM's beliefs. Theoretical contributions and practical implications that follow are discussed.
Structural equation modeling is a technique that has been widely used for instrument validation and model testing in research in marketing and organizational behavior. The technique has also been introduced to MIS researchers and used in several studies recently reported in the literature. This article offers an example of how the technique can be used for instrument validation and model testing. The illustration is made through a reexamination of a model for evaluating information center (IC) success. With the growth of end-user computing, the success of an IC is more important than ever. Obtaining a valid model for measuring IC success is thus crucial to organizations with ICs. The results of this study highlight the importance of a strong theoretical base in developing such a valid model, and management should be cautious when using these models to assess the performance of their ICs.
In this study, an Online Prepurchase Intentions Model is proposed and empirically tested in the context of search goods. The focus of this research is to determine whether intent to search the Internet for product information is a key element for marketing researchers to employ in predicting consumers’ Internet purchasing intentions. Data were collected through a mail survey to computer users who resided in 15 U.S. metropolitan areas. Two-stage structural equation modeling was employed to test hypotheses. The results show that intention to use the Internet to search for information was not only the strongest predictor of Internet purchase intention but also mediated relationships between purchasing intention and other predictors (i.e., attitude toward Internet shopping, perceived behavioral control, and previous Internet purchase experience). Direct and indirect relationships between two antecedents (attitude toward Internet shopping and previous Internet purchase experience) and Internet purchase intention were also found. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Reviewing recent developments in the study of organizations and in the use of informants, this paper notes the compatibility of both and the need for further refinements. As an example, it presents methods used in a study of authority conflict in 136 Catholic dioceses in America. These include principles for choosing a small number of informants per unit and two sets of auxiliary methodological propositions. The first, an "instrumental" theory, was part of a strategy to control measurement error. It guided the data collection process, and the creation of "error" control variables. The second set of propositions, devised for evaluating measurement error, presented expected mathematical properties of such error variables. These properties were expected to hold under the condition that the data were sound enough for substantive analysis. For these data, hypotheses were basically supported.
Quantifies the factors affecting the adoption of Internet banking by Australian consumers. The sample for this survey was drawn from individual residents and business firms in Australia. Shows that security concerns and lack of awareness about Internet banking and its benefits stand out as being the obstacles to the adoption of Internet banking in Australia. Suggests some of the ways to address these impediments. Further suggests that delivery of financial services over the Internet should be a part of overall customer service and distribution strategy. These measures could help in rapid migration of customers to Internet banking, resulting in considerable savings in operating costs for banks.
Structural equation modeling (SEM) using LISREL, EOS, PLS, or other second genration data analysis techniques is increasingly being applied in MIS research. These techniques are important because they provide powerful ways to address key IS research problems such as understanding IT usage. However, they may lead to inappropriate conclusions if statistical criteria are permitted to drive analysis and override substantive understanding of a problem. The purpose of this note is to suggest the need for caution in the application of structural equation modeling and, in particular, to emphasize the need for substantive knowledge to drive modeling, exploration, and interpretation of results. The application of SEM in the absence of well-developed substantive knowledge can lead to equivocal results and may distract researchers from promising research paths.
The proliferation of business -to-consumer e-commerce activities has created a need to understand how and why people participate in e -commerce. This study treats consumer e-commerce as a technology adoption process and evaluates the suitability of two popular adoption models. This research supports the use of the technology acceptance model (TAM) to predict online shopping activity, both the intention to shop online and actual purchases. Two minor alterations are made to the traditional use of TAM—perceived ease of use is not linked to perceived usefulness, and perceived usefulness is directly linked to actual use. This research also finds that the task-technology fit (TTF) model is a valuable addition to TAM for online shopping tasks. A web-based survey of 263 undergraduates was used.
Much fascination and speculation surrounds the impact of the World Wide Web on consumer shopping behavior. At the same time, there is little empirical evidence underlying all this speculation. This article provides one such data set. It reports on factors that consumers found salient as they browsed through selected electronic malls on the World Wide Web. We gathered consumers' reactions via an open-ended survey using a sample of 220 shoppers. We related the reactions to the factors of product perceptions, shopping experience, customer service, and perceived consumer risk, which we had identified from the existing literature on retail patronage behavior. This study translated these factors to the World Wide Web context and explored their relative salience.With respect to product perceptions, consumers were impressed by the breadth of stores on the World Wide Web but disappointed with the depth of a merchant's offerings. The shopping experience was reported to be generally enjoyable, but at the same time frustrating. Consumers also reported that they could perceive the potential for time savings and reduced effort compared with traditional forms of shopping, but that, at present, goal-directed shopping was difficult. Nearly everyone in the sample had something negative to say about customer service on the World Wide Web, judging that the sites were not designed to be responsive to their needs and that the presentation of goods and services seemed intangible. Risk was cited as a barrier to shopping on the World Wide Web, but was not as salient to our sample as product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. Overall, the results suggest that World Wide Web merchants need to think more about how they perform on the factors known to affect consumer behavior; namely, product perceptions, shopping experience, and customer service. We offer advice for enhancing the design of World Wide Web retail sites.
In this article, we examine the use of the key informant methodology by researchers investigating interorganizational relationships. Authors have advocated the use of multiple informants to increase the reliability and validity of informant’s reports. However, interorganizational research still tends to rely on single informants. We investigated informant selection and obtaining perceptual agreement among multiple informants, two problems that may have inhibited widespread use of multiple informants. We suggest procedures for dealing with those problems and provide an illustrative application of our proposals.
Virtual banking is broadly defined in this paper as the provision of banking services via means other than traditional physical branches. Currently, virtual banking exists in the forms of ATM, phone banking, home banking and Internet banking. Understanding people's adoption intention of virtual banking can help financial institutions to formulate appropriate marketing strategies for new forms of banking. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and innovation diffusion were used to study the adoption intention of virtual banking in a well-developed international financial city. The study finds that the relationships were found only partially explained by the TPB. Other results are interesting and useful for the strategic planning of IT in banking.
Readers who want a less mathematical alternative to the EQS manual will find exactly what they're looking for in this practical text. Written specifically for those with little to no knowledge of structural equation modeling (SEM) or EQS, the author's goal is to provide a non-mathematical introduction to the basic concepts of SEM by applying these principles to EQS, Version 6.1. The book clearly demonstrates a wide variety of SEM/EQS applications that include confirmatory factor analytic and full latent variable models.
Structural equation modeling is a technique that has been widely used for instrument validation and model testing in research in marketing and organizational behavior. The technique has also been introduced to MIS researchers and used in several studies recently reported in the literature. This article offers an example of how the technique can be used for instrument validation and model testing. The illustration is made through a reexamination of a model for evaluating information center (IC) success. With the growth of end-user computing, the success of an IC is more important than ever. Obtaining a valid model for measuring IC success is thus crucial to organizations with ICs. The results of this study highlight the importance of a strong theoretical base in developing such a valid model, and management should be cautious when using these models to assess the performance of their ICs.
The technology acceptance model (TAM) proposes that ease of use and usefulness predict applications usage. The current research investigated TAM for work-related tasks with the World Wide Web as the application. One hundred and sixty-three subjects responded to an e-mail survey about a Web site they access often in their jobs. The results support TAM. They also demonstrate that (1) ease of understanding and ease of finding predict ease of use, and that (2) information quality predicts usefulness for revisited sites. In effect, the investigation applies TAM to help Web researchers, developers, and managers understand antecedents to users' decisions to revisit sites relevant to their jobs.
Ease of use and usefulness are believed to be fundamental in determining the acceptance and use of various, corporate ITs. These beliefs, however, may not explain the user???s behavior toward newly emerging ITs, such as the World-Wide-Web (WWW).In this study, we introduce playfulness as a new factor that reflects the user???s intrinsic belief in WWW acceptance. Using it as an intrinsic motivation factor, we extend and empirically validate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for the WWW context.
While Web-based consumer activity is poised on the brink of dramatic growth, concerns about security have the potential to limit this growth by arousing shopper’s concerns about the Web-based channel. One key aspect to consumer participation in Web commerce may be the extent to which they perceive risk to their sensitive information. This study describes the creation of a scale to measure perceived Web security. We apply the scale in a causal model to investigate the relative impact of beliefs about Web shopping on intent to purchase products using the World Wide Web. Data from two samples is used to develop the scale and to perform the causal analysis. Our findings indicate the favorable psychometric properties of the scale, and the causal analysis from our sample indicates that security is a greater influence on intent to purchase using the Web than is the ease and utility of purchasing products.
E-commerce offers speed, convenience, and often cost-effectiveness for today’s busy shoppers, but many e-commerce sites are still too hard to use. The problem with e-commerce sites is that the controls and organization are different for each site. This research investigates how an individual’s perceptions of key beliefs surrounding the use of the e-commerce site with the standard user interface would influence the individual’s decision to accept these e-commerce sites for online shopping purposes. This study applies the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) identifying components of usefulness and ease of use that predict user attitude toward the usage of the standard user interface. The research uses a Web-based survey and employs TAM with path analysis to identify features of the standard user interface that might contribute to its usefulness and ease of use. It thus provides insights into the usefulness and ease of e-commerce sites for developers, practitioners as well as researchers.
Information technology (IT) researchers repeatedly insist upon the rigorous validation of measuring instruments, yet most IT instruments remain at an early stage of development.The Technology Acceptance Model indicate that perceived usefulness and ease of use will influence an individual's intentios to use an information technology. This research introduces a criterion variable that measures intentions as a choice among sevearl alternatives with subjects actually expecting to use their choice.
Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research investigated gender differences in the overlooked context of individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace. User reactions and technology usage behavior were studied over a five-month period among 342 workers being introduced to a new software system. At all three points of measurement, compared to women, men's technology usage decisions were more strongly influenced by their perceptions of usefulness. In contrast, women were more strongly influenced by perceptions of ease of use and subjective norm, although the effect of subjective norm diminished over time. These findings were robust even after statistically controlling for key confounding variables identified in prior organizational behavior research (i.e., income, occupation, and education levels), and another possible confound from technology research, prior experience with computers in general. Thus, in addition to identifying key boundary conditions in the role of the original TAM constructs (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), this research provides the basis for the integration of subjective norm into the model. In light of these findings, implications for theory and practice are discussed.