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Understanding the factors affecting online elderly user’s participation in video UCC services
Abstract
Video user-created content (video UCC) is currently being spotlighted by business practitioners and researchers. However, little consideration is being made on elderly people’s adoption of this innovative service. This paper highlights this issue of elderly online users and discovers the factors affecting their participation decisions in video UCC services. This study introduces elderly-specific constructs such as perceived physical condition (physical age), life course events (psycho-social age), perceived user resources, prior similar experience, and computer anxiety, each reflecting the complex aging process. Then, the relationship between these constructs and the conventional constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and compatibility) is hypothesized and tested. Data was collected from 290 online users older than 50 years of age. The results show that elderly people are not highly resistant to change and will adopt video UCC if some conditions are satisfied. In addition, elderly-specific variables could be good antecedents for conventional TAM constructs, while having direct effects on the intention construct for some cases (perceived physical condition, life course events, and perceived user resources). We believe the implications of this study are important for both researchers and practitioners.
... Several studies also found that PEOU has a significant positive association with PU [50,69,78]. Furthermore, PU has also been shown to have a positive association with the intention of the elderly to use new technology [50,72,73,79]. For instance Ref. [20], demonstrated that consumers who perceive OGS as both useful and easy to use are significantly more inclined to adopt and utilise OGS in the future. ...
... In this study, functional ability is defined as a person's ability to perform activities of daily living independently [4]. Previous research, including [79,83,84], showed that physical condition significantly relates to the elderly's perceived ease of use, usefulness, and intention to use technology. Given that the current study's topic relates to older people living independently, it adopts the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) method [4] to evaluate the elderly's physical functioning. ...
... Previous studies, such as the one by Ref. [79], reveal that the elderly who experience more LCEs would perceive most video user-created content services as not enjoyable and have a lower intention to use them. In an experimental study, the surveyed elderly people claimed they lacked computer knowledge and believed they are too old to use new technology. ...
Purpose
This study investigates the factors associated with the elderly's intention to use OGS. Building on the Technology Acceptance Model, we propose several elderly-specific and functional-ageing constructs related to the perceived ease of use and usefulness of OGS.
Methods
The questionnaire was distributed physically and digitally to non-OGS users aged above 60, living in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, using a non-probability sampling approach. A total of 302 data were analysed using PLS structural equation modelling.
Results
The findings indicate that perceived ease of use, functional ability, life-course events, and digital literacy are associated with the elderly's perception of OGS's usefulness, while life-course events, digital literacy, technology anxiety, and facilitating conditions are associated with the perceived ease of use.
Conclusion
This study contributes to the OGS literature by addressing ageing complexities with OGS adoption among the elderly population, thereby offering insights for marketers and the government to tailor services and provide relevant support.
... Meanwhile, social media usage improves the quality of life and health of the elderly (DE BELVIS et al., 2008;CHEN;SCHULZ, 2016), and even prolongs it (GILES et al., 2005). However, despite the importance and improvements in ICT, there has been little attention on the elderly's adoption of ICTs behaviors (RYU; LEE, 2009), and therefore of the adoption of social media behaviors. ...
... The main objective of this research is to apply in an audience composed of adults over 60 an adaptation of the causal model proposed by Lorenzo-Romero, Gómez-Borja and Alarcón-del-Amo (2011), to explain the variables that influence or predict social media usage. This research contrasts the basic perceptions of the TAM model proposed by Davis (DAVIS, 1986;DAVIS,1989), and has been endorsed to predict the adoption of any technology (RYU; LEE, 2009;KEEN et al., 2004;KING;HE, 2005;PHANG et al., 2006), including social media usage (BRAUN, 2013;GUNER;ACARTURK, 2018). ...
... A relationship that has proven to be very strong in different studies based on the TAM model is the relationship between perceived usefulness and behavioral intention to use (DAVIS, 1989;, relationship that turns out to be true even among older adults (RYU; LEE, 2009;PHANG et al., 2006;MARTIN-GARCIA;REDOLAT;PINAZO-HERNANDIS, 2022), and in terms of their behavioral intention to use social media (BRAUN, 2013). Hence, H3: Perceived usefulness of social media is positive related to the behavioral intention to use them by elderly. ...
Although social media usage grows every day, we do not know with certainty the use that the senior citizens give to them, nor the factors that influence its use. This research is intended to apply an adaptation of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in elderly citizens to assess what influences their actual use of social media if they indeed use it. For this purpose, 300 adults over 60 participated in Cuenca, Ecuador. Through a survey we tried to find out the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use, the attitude toward using social networks, the behavioral intention to use social media, and the actual usage that elderly give to social media. The findings of the study show that the perceived ease of use does not influence the behavioral intention to use social media by the elderly, but rather it is the perceived usefulness of the network and its contents what have a positive and significant effect on social media usage by senior citizens.
... New models that modified from original TAM (Venkatesh and Davis, 1996) were proposed such as TAM2 (Venkatesh and Davis, 2000) UTAUT (Venkatesh et al., 2003) and TAM3 (Venkatesh and Bala, 2008). New predictors were introduced in recent studies to extend TAM, such as perceive risks, visibility, perceived enjoyment (Driediger and Bhatiasevi, 2019), information quality and medical service satisfaction , perceived enjoyment and compatibility (Ryu et al., 2009), social pressure and trust (Braun, 2013), narrative, social interaction and physical condition (Wang and Sun, 2016). Heerink et al. (2010) also comments comment that the use intention not only affected by determinants in terms of functional perspective like PEOU and PU, but also extent the model in terms of social interaction characteristics. ...
... Besides, TAM was suitable for measuring the elderly population's behavior (e.g. Ryu et al., 2009;Chen and Chan, 2014;Wang and Sun, 2016;. ...
... Hence, to identify the biological/physical ageing, the majority of the previous studies had investigated the influences of physical conditions on technologies adoption among the elderly. For instance, Ryu et al. (2009) showed that physical condition would significantly negatively impact the elderly's intention to use video UCC services. Besides, a recent study by Bezirgani and Lachapelle (2021) also revealed that the elderly with mobility declines intended to replace grocery trips at physical stores with OGS. ...
... When encountering a new technological application, users tend to subjectively assess the efforts required for using it (PEOU) and the benefits gained from using it. Extensive research demonstrates that users' intention of adopting new technological applications is positively related to PU and PEOU [62][63][64][65]. PU largely results from PEOU. ...
... PPC is also found to be positively related to perceived ease of use of health informatics systems, which further facilitates older adults' adoption intention [74]. Ryu, Kim and Lee [64] found that PPC leads to the lower intention of participants in video UGC services. ...
... According to UTAUT, technology anxiety hinders users' adoption intention through PEOU [31]. Rendering with the negative emotions, users easily perceive technologies negatively and show resistance to adopting new technologies [60,64,81]. For instance, in the context of using computers, prior research found that technology anxiety makes users fear using computers and making mistakes, leading to fewer possibilities of using computers [82]. ...
Driven by advanced voice interaction technology, the voice-user interface (VUI) has gained popularity in recent years. VUI has been integrated into various devices in the context of the smart home system. In comparison with traditional interaction methods, VUI provides multiple benefits. VUI allows for hands-free and eyes-free interaction. It also enables users to perform multiple tasks while interacting. Moreover, as VUI is highly similar to a natural conversation in daily lives, it is intuitive to learn. The advantages provided by VUI are particularly beneficial to older adults, who suffer from decreases in physical and cognitive abilities, which hinder their interaction with electronic devices through traditional methods. However, the factors that influence older adults’ adoption of VUI remain unknown. This study addresses this research gap by proposing a conceptual model. On the basis of the technology adoption model (TAM) and the senior technology adoption model (STAM), this study considers the characteristic of VUI and the characteristic of older adults through incorporating the construct of trust and aging-related characteristics (i.e., perceived physical conditions, mobile self-efficacy, technology anxiety, self-actualization). A survey was designed and conducted. A total of 420 Chinese older adults participated in this survey, and they were current or potential users of VUI. Through structural equation modeling, data were analyzed. Results showed a good fit with the proposed conceptual model. Path analysis revealed that three factors determine Chinese older adults’ adoption of VUI: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust. Aging-related characteristics also influence older adults’ adoption of VUI, but they are mediated by perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and trust. Specifically, mobile self-efficacy is demonstrated to positively influence trust and perceived ease of use but negatively influence perceived usefulness. Self-actualization exhibits positive influences on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Technology anxiety only exerts influence on perceived ease of use in a marginal way. No significant influences of perceived physical conditions were found. This study extends the TAM and STAM by incorporating additional variables to explain Chinese older adults’ adoption of VUI. These results also provide valuable implications for developing suitable VUI for older adults as well as planning actionable communication strategies for promoting VUI among Chinese older adults.
... The author suggested the marketing of mHealth services so that more people adopt it and avail its benefits. Ryu [81]; in their study, analyses the role of video UCC Services in aiding the elderly with health care. The sample size of the respondents was 290, and the variables used for analysis are perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, and compatibility. ...
... This can be used as internal controls or as inhibiting conditions that increase their likelihood of using an IS. As the application of mHealth services necessitates strong audio and visual capabilities as well as an active participant, the perception of the physical condition might also affect participation intention [81]. Further, some studies state that elderly people are traditionally thought to be hesitant to change, yet they may adopt new technological applications if they believe they are appropriate and simple to use [194]. ...
... Xue et al. [194] incorporated the perceived physical condition construct in the study of mobile health informatics with reference to Singapore. Ryu et al. [81] have used perceived physical condition in their study and found that perceived physical condition has a direct negative effect on the intention to participate. The authors found that PPC does not have a direct connection with the actual mobile technology adoption. ...
Providing health care services has become a challenge for the government, especially for emerging economies, which face huge resource problems. mHealth (mobile health) has the potential to reduce health-related problems significantly in the long run. It can be used as a preventive healthcare tool also. Despite the potential, minimal studies exist on the technology adoption of mHealth. There have been inadequate studies in the context of India. To find out the domains where studies can be conducted and after a thorough literature review, the study employed the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for the smooth running of mobile health services.
As a theoretical contribution, this research is an extended version of the TAM, suggested by Davis, through considering six additional variables such as social influence, technology anxiety, trust, perceived risk, perceived physical condition, Resistance to change. To validate the linkages, a close-ended questionnaire was developed after a thorough literature survey. The current study collected 289 valid responses from different mHealth services users. The constructs of the model have been tested in Indian settings by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Further, Structural equation modelling is ably employed to validate the model to suit the Indian requirements. The adoption of mHealth was found to have had an enormous impact on social influence, behavioural intention and trust. The empirical examination showed high predictive power for adoption intention of mHealth services and the influential role of these important constructs. The implications for academics and policymakers have been discussed in this study. Finally, the future scope and limitations of the study have been discussed.
... Scholars have attempted to capture older adults' characteristics and to explore the impacts of these characteristics on their ICT use (Ryu et al., 2009;Wagner et al., 2010;Yang, 2019;Quan-Haase et al., 2016;Hong et al., 2013;Ghasemaghaei et al., 2019). The aging process causes a decline in older adults' physical and cognitive capabilities, as a result of which they have more barriers and a steeper learning curve in using new technologies or web applications than younger people (Wagner et al., 2010;Lam and Lee, 2006). ...
... The above differences that older adults exhibit relative to younger adults in their ICT usage in general and their VC usage, in particular, should inform studies about older adults (Ryu et al., 2009;Wagner et al., 2010;Yang, 2019;Quan-Haase et al., 2016;Choi et al., 2014;Sun and Zhou, 2021). Accordingly, to capture both differences and similarities between older and younger adults in the context of KC/KS behaviors in VCs, we developed a model that is rooted in two theoretical foundations: ...
... Older adults are more likely to participate in those activities that can help them engage actively with life, become adaptive and seek self-satisfaction, when they perceive their remaining time as expansive (Cody et al., 1999;Gonzales et al., 2015;Dattilo et al., 2018;Skirbekk et al., 2019;Lai, 2007). As older adults are increasingly active in VCs, these have become important avenues for them for maintaining a positive and active lifestyle (Choi et al., 2014;Zhou, 2018;Ryu et al., 2009). However, many older adults are afraid that they are too old to use the internet, including participating in VCs (Hargittai and Dobransky, 2017). ...
Purpose
As older adults are increasingly active in virtual communities (VCs), these platforms for knowledge exchange present opportunities for companies to use elder human capital. The purpose of this study is to understand the antecedent factors that motivate older adults’ knowledge contribution and knowledge seeking (KS) behaviors in VCs.
Design/methodology/approach
Rooted in socio-emotional selectivity and social cognitive theories, this study included five key variables and developed models for older adults’ knowledge contributing (KC)/KS behaviors. This paper tested the hypotheses using data from a sample of 204 older adults in 3 VCs in China.
Findings
The results provide support for most of the hypotheses and show that while other members’ participation (MP) acts as a substitute for meaning in life and attitude toward aging, it acts as a complement for outcome expectations (OE) focused on others and OE focused on oneself in their impacts on KC/KS activities.
Practical implications
The study provides practical insights for developing elder human resources via VCs to avoid knowledge loss.
Originality/value
This study described older adults’ unique characteristics when modeling their information and communication technologies-related behaviors and built two models to explain their KC/KS behaviors. It confirmed that the same factor has different levels of impact on older adults’ KC/KS behaviors in VCs. In addition, it confirmed and reinforced the complementary and substitutive effects of other MP as an environmental factor on these behaviors.
... On the other hand, based on a case of a 79-year-old male video blogger on YouTube, Harley and Fitzpatrick argued that older adults would be highly motivated to share videos online when social contact is their ultimate aim [31]. Ryu et al. similarly found that older adults would be interested in creating and sharing videos online if they perceive it as beneficial, easy and enjoyable [61]. ...
... Our findings confirm that perceived ease of use and fun are crucial factors for older adults to become initial content contributors [61]. Furthermore, the findings reveal the importance of perceived competency at this stage. ...
Short-form video sharing platforms (SVSPs) have seen a significant surge in older adult content creators in recent years. This emerging trend adds evidence to challenge the conventional perception of older adults as later technology adopters and passive online recipients. To investigate the reason behind the trend, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 older adult content creators on two of the most popular SVSPs in China, DouYin and KuaiShou. We found that our participants were initially attracted to SVSPs because of perceived ease of participation and the enjoyment they found. However, what kept them engaged was the attention and support they received there. SVSPs offered a low-barrier and equitable platform through their near-automatic use and relatively equal opportunities for recommendations, allowing everyone to reach audiences. Motivated by their passion for performance and the viewers' support, our participants actively acquired new skills for better performance and became more deeply involved on the platforms. Based on the findings, we reflect on how SVSPs' technical affordances support older adults in the transition from lurkers to contributors. We advocate for participation equity and supportive environments to promote more inclusive social media platforms.
... Perceived physical condition (PPC) indicates perceptions of one's physical struggles with hearing, vision, and movement in everyday life [61]. Physical decline may negatively affect older people's experiences with SST, impeding them from making precise choices using the interface. ...
... The survey consisted of items adapted from prior research, measured with a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 ("strongly disagree") to 5 ("strongly agree"). The constructs of perceived physical condition and loss in cognition were adopted from prior research [61,64]. We also adopted measures of reduction, modifying the variable to fit the SST context [67]. ...
While COVID-19 has accelerated digital transformation, increasing labor costs and 52-h workweek rules are replacing human labor with self-service technologies (SSTs). Self-service technology is increasingly being implemented in restaurant settings. However, the elderly, who have relatively lower levels of digital literacy, are being excluded from services that can alleviate the economic and social difficulties of their daily lives. This study thus aims to explain how elderly users feel about and respond to SST in fast-food restaurants. An off-site survey was conducted with individuals who had experience using SST. We analyzed the data using the partial least squares structural equation modeling method by SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that SST’s reduction, perceived ease of use of SST, and perceived time pressure significantly influenced users’ negative emotions toward the SST. However, perceived physical condition and perceived crowding did not have significant influences on users’ emotions. In empirically investigating individuals’ negative emotions toward and coping strategies for challenges posed by SST, this study emphasizes the development of a nationwide digital inclusion policy that can help bridge the digital divide.
... First, in relation to the practical relevance of mobile technologies, Jin et al. (2019) have documented that information technologies provide practical advantages such as cognitive memory, language learning, and financial resources (Ryu et al., 2009;Ginsburg et al., 2016;Gatti et al., 2017;Tsai et al., 2017;Myhre et al., 2017) . Second, adults also use information technology to benefit from collaborative learning (Hayes et al., 2015;Harley & Fitzpatrick, 2009). ...
... Concerning the nexus of these findings with the extant literature, by confirming both tested hypotheses, the study confirms two strands of studies discussed in the "Introduction" and "Theoretical Framework and Nexuses Between Inequality, Information Technology, and Adult Learning" sections within the same empirical framework, notably, a positive association between information technology and adult literacy (Lindsay et al., 2007;Harley & Fitzpatrick, 2009;Nahmet al., 2009;Ryu et al., 2009;Hayes et al., 2015;Ginsburg et al., 2016;Steinert et al., 2016;Gattiet al., 2017;Tsaiet al., 2017;Lee et al., 2017;Myhre et al., 2017;Østensenet al., 2017;Jinet al., 2019) and the negative role of inequality in reducing adult learning and education (Van Damme, 2014;Duncan & Murnane, 2011;Kilpi-Jakonen et al., 2015;Green et al., 2015;Lee & Desjardins, 2019). It follows that this study reconciles two strands of the literature within the same empirical framework. ...
The study assesses linkages between information technology, inequality, and adult literacy in 57 developing countries for the period 2012–2016. Income inequality is measured with the Gini coefficient while six dynamics of information technology are taken on board, namely use of a virtual social network, Internet access in schools, Internet penetration, mobile phone penetration, fixed broadband subscription, and a number of personal computer users. The empirical evidence is based on interactive Tobit regressions. The findings show that only Internet access in schools unconditionally promotes adult literacy. The corresponding inequality threshold that should not be exceeded for Internet access in schools to continue promoting adult literacy is 0.739 of the Gini coefficient. Policy implications are discussed.
... First, in relation to the practical relevance of mobile technologies, Jin et al. (2019) have documented that information technologies provide practical advantages such as cognitive memory, language learning and financial resources (Ryu, Kim & Lee, 2009;Ginsburg, Cameron, Mendez, & Westhoff, 2016;Gatti, Brivio, & Galimberti, 2017;Tsai, Shillair,&Cotten,2017;Myhre, Mehl & Glisky, 2017). Second, adult also use information technology to benefit from collaborative learning (Hayes, van Stolk-Cooke & Muench, 2015;Harley & Fitzpatrick, 2009). ...
... The significant control variables have the expected signs. Concerning the nexus of these findings with the extant literature, by confirming both tested hypotheses, the study confirms two strands of studies discussed in the introduction and Section 2 within the same empirical framework, notably: a positive association between information technology and adult literacy (Lindsay et al., 2007;Harley & Fitzpatrick, 2009;Nahm et al., 2009;Ryu et al., 2009;Hayes et al., 2015;Ginsburg et al., 2016;Steinert et al., 2016 ;Gatti et al., 2017;Tsai et al., 2017;Lee et al., 2017 ;Myhre et al., 2017 ;Østensen et al., 2017;Jin et al., 2019) and the negative role of inequality in reducing adult learning and education (Van Damme, 2014;Duncan & Murnane, 2011;Kilpi-Jakonen et al., 2015;Green et al., 2015;Lee & Desjardins, 2019). It follows that this study reconciles two strands of the literature within the same empirical framework. ...
The study assesses linkages between information technology, inequality and adult literacy in 57 developing countries for the period 2012-2016. Income inequality is measured with the Gini coefficient while six dynamics of information technology are taken on board, namely: use of virtual social network, internet access in schools, internet penetration, mobile phone penetration, fixed broadband subscription and number of personal computer users. The findings show that only internet access in schools unconditionally promote adult literacy. The corresponding inequality threshold that should not be exceeded in order for internet access in schools to continue promoting adult literacy is 0.739 of the Gini coefficient. Policy implications are discussed.
... The reasons for this limited engagement remain poorly understood with studies mostly examining older people's attitudes prior to adoption. Objections cited at this stage include a lack of knowledge and difficulty in using SNS functionality (Ryu et al, 2009) but also difficulty in seeing such computer activities as relevant or beneficial to their lives, particularly in terms of enjoyment (Ryu et al., 2009), fun and communicative potential (Lehtinen et al., 2009). Overall the lack of privacy and limited control over the social context appear to be their greatest causes for concern (Lehtinen et al., 2009;Gibson et al, 2010;Righi et al 2012). ...
... The reasons for this limited engagement remain poorly understood with studies mostly examining older people's attitudes prior to adoption. Objections cited at this stage include a lack of knowledge and difficulty in using SNS functionality (Ryu et al, 2009) but also difficulty in seeing such computer activities as relevant or beneficial to their lives, particularly in terms of enjoyment (Ryu et al., 2009), fun and communicative potential (Lehtinen et al., 2009). Overall the lack of privacy and limited control over the social context appear to be their greatest causes for concern (Lehtinen et al., 2009;Gibson et al, 2010;Righi et al 2012). ...
... Studies have also shown that older adults tend to be more resistant in accepting new IT applications [19][20][21] and possess apprehension toward novel technologies [22]. More recently, several studies have been conducted to advance understanding of the intention to use and actual use of medical technology [23][24][25][26]. Our earlier study in the Netherlands showed that almost 50% of the Dutch older adults had no intention to use medical applications [27]. ...
... The TAM posits that technology adoption is primarily determined by the intention to use a specific type of technology and suggests that factors such as Perceived ease of use and Perceived usefulness influence the intention to use mHealth applications [23,34,37]. Additional factors influencing the use of technology complementing the TAM, such as Subjective norm, Image (TAM2), as well as Self-efficacy, Social norms, and Trust were revealed in later studies [3,10,25,38,39]. ...
Background
In light of the increasing demands in health care, a call has been made for the development of new strategies. One of these strategies is placing a higher emphasis on individuals, who are expected to better manage their own health and illness. mHealth applications could increase this self-management behaviour among older adults. However, it is crucial to know the intention to use mHealth of older adults before implementing these services. Even less is known regarding differences between genders on factors influencing this intention to use mHealth applications.
Objective
The aim of this study was to study the gender differences regarding the relationship between technology acceptance factors and the intention to use mHealth applications in the Dutch elderly population.
Methods
We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study using questionnaires. The participants were 65 years or older, lived independently or in a senior living facility, without cognitive impairment. Logistic regression with interaction terms was done to determine gender differences in the relationship between the intention to use mHealth applications and technology acceptance factors.
Results
While we found that half of the studied population had intention to use medical applications (50.3%) a notable difference was observed within gender groups which showed more men had intention to use medical applications rather than women (59.4% vs. 43.4% respectively). Adjusted logistic regression analysis per factor on the male and female part of the study population respectively showed that the factors Perceived usefulness (OR 21,69 and 2,39, resp.), Perceived ease of use (OR 7,21 and 2,74), Attitude toward use (OR 24,61 and 4,94), Sense of control (OR 4,12 and 2,67), Personal innovativeness (OR 2,54 and 1,58), Self-perceived effectiveness (OR 3,21 and 2,34), Service availability (OR 4,38 and 2,51) and Facilitating circumstances (OR 3,04 and 2,18) had a statistically significant influence on intention to use in both models. Logistic regression with interaction terms showed that two of the technology acceptance factors differed statistically significant in their relationship with intention to use when comparing females to males, namely Perceived usefulness (OR 0,11) and Attitude toward use (OR 0.24). Both factors were more strongly associated with intention to use for men compared to women.
Conclusion
Policymakers and interventions aiming to stimulate the uptake of mHealth applications should acknowledge gender differences. Interventions based on improving the Perceived usefulness and Attitude toward use among female users could be a means to stimulate the full potential of medical applications and improve the uptake.
... These devices can provide individualized suggestions applicable to the user's daily activities by incorporating lifestyle parameters such as exercise, sleep patterns, and food habits. Ryu et al. (2009) showed that LS significantly influences the behavioral intention of technological products; Thus, it is likely to have a positive and significant impact on behavioral intention and actual usage behavior regarding WHMTs. Therefore, this context suggests the following hypotheses: ...
Purpose – Although wearable health-monitoring technology (WHMT) has become a stimulus for public health, women’s acceptance rate of this technology appears to be low. Thus, this study intends to investigate the factors affecting women’s adoption of WHMT.
Design/methodology/approach – The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology–2 model has been used in this study as a research framework that has been extended to include lifestyle and attitude. The proposed extended framework is validated using primary data (n 5 314) collected from female respondents using a structured questionnaire; the partial least square-based structural equation modeling technique is subsequently used to test the proposed hypothesis.
Findings – The results show that effort expectancy, social influence, price value, habit, attitude and lifestyle have significant positive effects on women’s behavioral intention to use WHMT and accelerate actual usage behavior. Notably, effort expectancy and habit exhibit the largest impact on behavioral intention. However, performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation are not significantly associated with behavioral intentions.
Practical implications – The findings of this study are important for healthcare practitioners and service providers to comprehensively understand the factors that affect women’s behavioral intentions in line with their actual usage behavior. This insight will help policymakers design viable strategies regarding WHMT to
promote its sustainable usage in least developed countries.
Originality/value – This study contributes novelty by using an extended model that links women’s attitudes and lifestyles to their adoption of WHMT. This study also fills the gaps in the existing literature on women’s behavioral intentions in the context ofWHMTby showing novel associations in the domain ofWHMTuptake.
... For example, YouTube is being used for educational purposes [4], [5], [2]. In 2005, YouTube was launched and has since become the most popular platform for sharing free user-created content (UCC) or user-generated content (UGC) [6], [7]. YouTube plays an essential role in education and provides valuable information to learners [4], [5]. ...
This study was conducted to demonstrate the factors that influence Vietnamese students’ acceptance of YouTube for educational purposes. Qualitative and quantitative research methods are combined to test the research hypotheses. Research data was collected using quota sampling, with a sample size of 306 students studying at universities in Vietnam. Structural equation modeling (SEM) helps demonstrate that five factors positively affect the intention to use YouTube for student learning needs. These factors include performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, social influence, and flexibility. Furthermore, research has demonstrated the positive impact of intentional use on the behavioral usage of YouTube for the educational requirements of Vietnamese students. The study provides a valuable reference for educational administrators and researchers.
... Through a literature review [68], we found that TAM is the most widely used model for studying technology acceptance among the elderly. For example, TAM was adopted to investigate the acceptance of ambient intelligence [69], as well as the intention to participate in video user-created content [70] and the acceptance of mobile phones [71], the Internet [72], and share touch hardware products [73]. Similarly, TAM was also used to investigate older adults' acceptance of mobile medicine [74], intelligent pension services [75,76], ICTs [77], wearable devices [78], online shopping [79], and tablet devices [80]. ...
Population aging is a global problem, and improving the well-being of older adults is an urgent issue. Voice assistants (VAs) offer hands-free voice control and friendly human-computer interaction, making them a significant solution to address the aging problem. Most extant research on VAs is fragmented, and there are relatively few studies conducted from the perspective of emotional needs. This work proposes a comprehensive research model extending the technology acceptance model (TAM) by incorporating the influencing factors subordinate to two research directions: usability and emotional needs. Usability needs include three factors: perceived convenience, security/privacy, and Internet self-efficacy. Emotional needs include humanized interaction, perceived enjoyment, and perceived companionship. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to validate the model empirically with a sample of 425 older users of VAs. The analysis results are quite consistent with the research assumptions, and the findings illustrate that companionship is the most critical factor affecting older adults' intention to adopt VA use, which demonstrates the pivotal role of VAs in meeting the emotional needs of the elderly. The most unexpected observation was seen for the relationship between perceived ease of use and behavioral intention, which was non-significant. This result confirms that when a technology is perceived as very easy to use, perceived ease of use has little to no impact on individuals' intention to use that technology. The novelty of this study lies in the investigation of older adults' behavioral intentions toward using VAs, providing valuable insights for the design and development of VAs tailored for the elderly population. Beyond the academic realm, this research serves as direct inspiration for designers, developers, and policymakers in the fields of assistive technologies and geriatric care. It offers practical insights into creating VAs that effectively address the emotional needs of older adults and enhance their quality of life. Furthermore, elderly individuals are poised to experience significant benefits from the outcomes of this study，the insights garnered from this study empower the elderly to embrace technological advancements that align with their preferences and comfort levels. This study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of VAs and their potential to enhance the well-being of older adults, while also paving the way for future investigations in this domain. As underscored by this study's emphasis on the significance of emotional needs in technology acceptance, it encourages the adoption of more user-centered design strategies in the development of future VAs.
... The perceived usefulness was measured by four items based on [53]. The perceived ease of use was measured by three items from [54,55]. The utilizing attitude was measured by three items adapted from [56]. ...
This study aims to uncover the dynamic mechanism of users’ willingness to actively publish Electronic word-of-Mouth (eWOM) on tourism platform. For this, a model with system dynamics and structural equation methods were constructed and validated. It was found that perceived usefulness, utilizing attitude, participatory, social identity, tourism experience, and platform agenda settings all had significant and positive effects on eWOM users’ willingness to actively publish eWOM on tourism platforms. However, perceived ease of use showed no effect. This study provides a reference paradigm for future studies on willingness to actively publish eWOM. The results bear implications for the management practices of tourism platforms operators and tourism destination operators. It also helps platform operators to develop relevant strategies for recovering the tourism industry in the post-COVID-19 era.
... Some attitudes among older people have been identified as indicators of a decision to adopt computer use. For example, within the Technology Acceptance Model (Bagozzi, Davis, & Warshaw, 1992), perceived usefulness (a measure of the subjectively defined benefits of technology use) and perceived ease-of-use (a measure of user's degree of satisfaction with accessibility) have been argued to be a strong determinant of older people's rational intention to use ICTs (Ryu, Kim, & Lee, 2009). Davis (1989) defined "perceived usefulness" as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular technology would enhance his or her job performance" and "perceived ease-of-use" as "the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free from effort" (p. ...
Many older people are increasingly using the internet. This study investigated the experiences of visually impaired older people on internet use and explored how it fits into their lives. 20 visually impaired older people aged 60 years and over were recruited from a voluntary organisation for blind people. Qualitative interviews were conducted with all participants to investigate how they perceive the relevance of internet use to their daily lives. Findings suggest that the internet not only has potential to promote their ability to perform daily tasks, cope with vision impairment and feel socially included. However, the rapid pace of technological advancement is feared as a development that could further widen the digital divide if they are not carried along by addressing barriers to their internet.
... From the lens of social cognitive theory, anxiety is argued to be an important determinant that drives one's behavioural intention (Pillai and Sivathanu, 2020). Technology anxiety in this study is conceptualised based on the study by Demoulin and Djelassi (2016) (Ryu et al., 2009;Talukder et al., 2021). The level of anxiety about technology usage is argued to be higher in a virtual environment like VR because of the uncertainty associated with the technology (Tsai et al., 2019). ...
Purpose
Since its inception, virtual reality (VR) technologies have been widely applied in the tourism industry, given their competitive advantages in offering users a novel experience that makes an artificial environment or scene feel like the real world. As a result, VR has been reported as a highly sought-after technology, as it can offer a new way to engage tourists and enhance their travel experience. However, the adoption of VR by senior tourists (who are one of the potential groups of tourists) is still relatively low in the tourism context. Against this backdrop, this study aims to respond to the deficiency in the literature by examining the impact of barriers that contribute to senior tourists’ resistance and scepticism towards VR in tourism.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a cross-sectional approach, the data for this study was collected from 600 eligible senior tourists through survey questionnaires. To obtain valid and reliable responses, a purposive sampling technique with screening criteria was undertaken in this study. Upon data cleaning, the data analysis was performed on 546 samples using statistical software packages such as SPSS and the AMOS covariance-based structural equation modelling technique.
Findings
Grounded on the innovation resistance theory, the outcome of this study put forward the significance of technical and psychological barriers in explaining senior tourists’ resistance and scepticism towards the use of VR in tourism. In particular, perceived risk, perceived incompatibility, technology anxiety, inertia and a lack of human interaction were found to be associated with senior tourists’ scepticism and resistance towards VR usage in tourism. However, perceived complexity was not found to have a significant relationship with resistance. Moreover, both scepticism and resistance were reported to influence non-adoption intentions on VR.
Originality/value
This study is one of the few studies that examined the less explored territory of the tourism literature concerning the non-adoption of contemporary innovation (i.e. VR technology) for virtual tourism purposes. Moreover, this study also focuses on the perspective of senior tourists, which represents a promising market segment in the tourism sector. This study successfully contributed to the existing literature by offering empirical insights and highlighting the barriers that lead to users’ scepticism and resistance towards using VR for tourism, which could directly influence their non-adoption intention and the success of virtual tourism.
... For all constructs in this study, based on Hair (2007), Larcker et al. (1981) and Ryu et al., (2009,( the attained Cronbach's Alpha was greater than 0.7, while the (Larcker et al., 1981) formula, the computation of composite reliability is based on the following: ...
The current paper was looking at how the factors of content richness, trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and user satisfaction impact TikTok acceptance. Participants of this study were 145 Telecenter users from three regions in Jordan. Their use of TikTok platform in e-commerce activities was examined. The data from the survey were analyzed and the obtained results led to the discussion on the policy implications in guiding both government agencies and customers in their efforts in improving their e-commerce activities via TikTok platform. Avenues for forthcoming research were discussed as well.
... For all constructs in this study, based on Hair (2007), Larcker et al. (1981) and Ryu et al., (2009,( the attained Cronbach's Alpha was greater than 0.7, while the (Larcker et al., 1981) formula, the computation of composite reliability is based on the following: ...
Aside from causing fear worldwide, COVID-19 has significantly affected global marketing and the behavior and attitudes of consumer. In Jordan, COVID-19 has affected the lifestyle, buying, and consumption patterns of consumer whereby in-store purchases are becoming less popular, and consumers are increasingly favoring other product sources. With the increasing usability of the internet in the business world, the popularity of online shopping is increasing, evidenced by the increased number of online retailers globally. A psychometric Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was developed to evaluate COVID-19 fear and online shopping and it was employed to gauge consumers in developing countries like Jordan. This descriptive study presented a theoretical framework comprising trust issues, perceived ease of use, perceived risk and fear of complexity in online shopping among Jordanian consumers. The findings show that trust, perceived ease of use, fear of COVID-19 and perceived risk affect online shopping behavior. The increase in confidence in a given online site increases the frequency of online shopping, and the decrease in the risk perceived increases the decision to make an online purchase.
... A review of 128 studies on the behaviour of older consumers (Zniva and Weitzl, 2016) showed that different age-related factors (chronological, biological, psychological and social age as well as psychosocial characteristics) have an impact on consumer behaviour and are still being investigated in different fields of marketing research. Ryu et al. (2009) andWerner et al. (2011) found out that, in particular, psychological well-being (e.g., coping style, size of social network and role-related emotional health) as well as life course events (e.g., retirement, becoming a grandparent and loss of spouse) significantly influence older people's technology usage behaviour. ...
... An earlier study of internet usage by Porter and Donthu [52] showed that age negatively influences perceived ease of use and usefulness, while Yu [53] concluded that, regarding certain technologies, the influences of facilitating conditions and self-efficacy increases with age. The more elderly-focused studies identified the ease of use, cost, poor trial use, innovation attitudes, training, income and educational level as the most influential factors in older generations' ICT adoption [54,55], while additional barriers of use include inappropriate design, awareness and self-efficacy [49]. On the other hand, some studies did not find any significant relationship between age and factors of technology acceptance [56]. ...
While the digitalization of products and services in the entertainment industry has gained momentum in the last decades, online theater streaming is a relatively new phenomenon boosted by the COVID-19 restrictions, which created new market opportunities—and demand—for theaters’ online presence. This study investigates a new online platform providing theater streaming services in Hungary from a customer-centric, technology acceptance point of view. The survey-based study is designed to examine which factors of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) model are—and were—relevant in the under-researched live performance art sector of the digital entertainment industry under the unprecedented, coercive conditions of pandemic lockdowns. The results of the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) show that habit is the most influential factor of theater webcasting adoption (before hedonic motivations and price value), suggesting that the new habits formed during the COVID-19 lockdowns might serve as a basis of a sustainable digital business model for theatres in the post-pandemic era as well. The analysis also tested for potential generational differences between cohorts of users, finding no significant ones, which suggests that, under this specific set of social, technology and market conditions, all generations react similarly and are equally relevant for widening the customer base. Keeping in mind some limitations (self-reported and cross-sectional data), these empirical results can not only enrich the scientific body of knowledge but can also serve as the basis of future marketing and communication strategies developed by partitioners.
... Considering the pandemic process, individuals have met some of their education deficiencies from social platforms (Al Lily et al., 2020). In this process, one of the most preferred social-sharing platforms has been YouTube, since it is a free video-sharing site that allows users to create and publish content (Ryu et al., 2009). In procedural learning in this process, YouTube was also used by students for educational purposes as it appeals to more senses than written materials (Rössler et al., 2012). ...
In today's technologies, in line with the needs of the age, social platforms have taken their place in education with increasing importance day by day. Especially in the pandemic process, which requires distance education, the tendency to social media has increased. Therefore, the attitudes of secondary school students towards the use of YouTube for learning purposes have gained importance. For this reason, it is aimed to develop the YouTube Usage Scale (YUS), which can be used to determine secondary school students' attitudes toward YouTube use. Thus, in the study, it was foreseen to determine the behavioral intentions of secondary school students to use YouTube as a Learning Resource and to reveal the factors affecting this behavioral intention. The research population consists of all secondary school students studying in the Malazgirt district of Muş province, located in the eastern part of Turkey, in the 2018-2019 academic year. The sample of the study is represented by 644 students selected by the random sampling method. The content validity of the YUS was provided by expert opinion. The construct validity was validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). For content validity, a 47-item draft YUS was submitted to the opinion of a group of 14 experts in the field. The content validity of the 42-item YUS was ensured. In the construct validity studies of YUS, EFA was performed with a total of 644 secondary school students studying in the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades. CFA was carried out with the participation of 311 secondary school students excluding the EFA sample group. EFA showed that YUS consisted of 4 sub-dimensions and 25 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.91 in the reliability analysis of YUS. Also, in reliability studies, it was determined that the subscales had summability and no response bias. The fit-order between the four-factor structure determined as a result of EFA and the sample data was examined using the AMOS 24.0 program within the framework of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). First- and second-order confirmatory analysis models were used in the data-model fit calculations. As a result of the study, the validity and reliability of the 24-items YUS scale were produced. Thus, the structures explaining the behavioral factors of secondary school students were defined, and the relationship of these structures with other factors was determined.
... It has been highlighted that physical changes with age could increase the perceived difficulty of and negative attitudes towards technology use and make people sceptical towards online information (Campbell & Nolfi, 2005;Wagner et al., 2010). In addition, cognitive ability may predict older adults' intention because cognitive functioning is significantly associated with performance in daily activities (Huang et al., 2015), and cognitive ability may affect the acceptance of new technology in older adulthood (Khan et al., 2017;Lekjaroen et al., 2016;Mitzner et al., 2019;Ryu et al., 2009). ...
The older population in China will exceed 300 million by 2025. Severe gaps in digital inclusion exist in the information society, and older adults have not received sufficient attention. This study employed a multivariate probit approach to investigate the influencing factors of internet usage (IU) and the impact of IU on well-being using a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 and over from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A total of 13,737 individuals were reported in the sample after filtering. After controlling for certain variables, the findings indicated that activities of daily living, cognitive ability, family support, social capital, perceived risk appetite, and perceived importance positively affected IU. In contrast, migration status, the degree of depression, and self-esteem negatively affected IU. Furthermore, the effect of IU on subjective well-being (SWB) could be exerted through perceived usefulness, with an inverted “U” trajectory. There were substantial promotion effects for individuals with lower levels of well-being. Several policy implications are proposed to establish an inclusive IU environment, such as paying more attention to inner-urban older adults rather than just the urban‒rural divide, promoting technology to adapt to older adults’ demands, and encouraging multiple agents to create a good IU environment for older adults. This study provides new insights into the digital divide and well-being among older adults.
... Pan et al. (2010) found that facilitating conditions, including access channels, technical support, and product availability significantly predicted the Internet usage of the Chinese older people. Ryu et al. (2009) indicated that "perceived user resources" involving leisure time, basic knowledge, software and hardware capabilities, financial resources, and technical support are related to seniors' perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and the intention to participate in the creation of content services by users. ...
... Hasil temuan menemukan kurangnya kepercayaan diri guru-guru dengan usia di atas 50 tahun disebabkan lemahnya kemampuan mereka untuk menggunakan teknologi. Banyak orang lanjut usia yang memiliki sifat positif terhadap teknologi, walaupun demikian mereka belum tentu tertarik untuk menggunakan teknologi baru dibandingkan oleh orang yang berusia muda (Mitzner et al., 2010;Ryu et al., 2009;Steele et al., 2009). ...
The purpose of this research is to reveal and describe how the self-efficacy of mathematics teachers in Cianjur towards the dynamics of learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in Cianjur Regency. The methodology used is descriptive quantitative method. The technique of collecting data is through questionnaires given by purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data analysis uses descriptive statistics which do not aim to make conclusions about the entire population but rather help understand the details of the sample. The results showed that the overall self-efficacy of Mathematics Teachers in Cianjur was in the moderate category. Likewise, four of the seven constructs on teacher self-efficacy are Mathematics Knowledge Self-efficacy (KS), Instructional Self-efficacy (IS), Outcome Expectancy (OE) and Technology Literacy (TL) in the medium category. This means that teachers believe they have the ability to carry out their duties in the midst of a pandemic even though they still need development related to the four constructs. However, the other constructs namely Motivational Self-efficacy (MS), Engagement Self-efficacy (ES), and Disciplinary (as in classroom management) Self-efficacy (DS) are in the high category. This condition shows that teachers are able to provide motivation, students can be actively involved in learning and learning continues to be carried out conducive even though learning is carried out in the midst of a pandemic condition.
... Intuitively, better quality UGC is more likely to attract users because of its higher emotional value 14,15 . Thus, the network formation process on these platforms depends on a fundamental ingredient, the quality of the UGC. ...
Many of today’s most used online social networks such as Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, or Twitch are based on User-Generated Content (UGC). Thanks to the integrated search engines, users of these platforms can discover and follow their peers based on the UGC and its quality. Here, we propose an untouched meritocratic approach for directed network formation, inspired by empirical evidence on Twitter data: actors continuously search for the best UGC provider. We theoretically and numerically analyze the network equilibria properties under different meeting probabilities: while featuring common real-world networks properties, e.g., scaling law or small-world effect, our model predicts that the expected in-degree follows a Zipf’s law with respect to the quality ranking. Notably, the results are robust against the effect of recommendation systems mimicked through preferential attachment based meeting approaches. Our theoretical results are empirically validated against large data sets collected from Twitch, a fast-growing platform for online gamers.
... At the same time, the fact that technological products are not suitable for the elderly is an important factor in the fear of making mistakes. In addition to the physical and cognitive abilities of the elderly, the psychological mood, the size of the social network and retirement, grandparents, loss of spouse, life-period characteristics and tasks have important effects on the self-efficacy of technology use and on anxiety about using technological products(Ryu et al., 2009).Technology education should be one of the main themes while developing the curriculum of lifelong education programs, which is a new field in our country and which are limited. Expanding the technology lessons of individuals participating in the life-long education program and making them encouraging can make a significant difference in the use of technology. ...
... Researchers, managers, and teachers should push for the utilization of mobile social media to expand learning opportunities for older adults. Compeau and Higgin (1995) PE (Experience in using social media for learning, such as watching videos; scanning and sharing information; uploading homework; asking questions and getting answers) PE1: I have lots of experience in using the above-mentioned services for learning PE2: I believe that these previous experiences were quite useful for me PE3: I can verify that these previous experiences were quite positive Ryu et al. (2009) SN SN1: People who influence my behavior would think that I should use the system SN2: People who are important to me would think that I should use the system SN3: In general, the senior citizen college has supported the use of mobile social media for learning Venkatesh and Bala (2008) FC FC1: Guidance was available to me in the process of using mobile social media for learning FC2: A specific person (or group) is available for assistance with the process of using mobile social media for learning FC3: The necessary device and network are available to me in the process of using mobile social media for learning FC4: The cost of using mobile social media for learning is affordable Venkatesh et al. (2003) PU PU1: Using mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) for learning is convenient PU2: Using mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) for learning is efficient PU3: I find using mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) for learning to be useful Davis (1986) PEU PEU1: I can use the mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) for learning easily PEU2: Learning to use the mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) is easy for me PEU3: I find it easy to use mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) to do what I want Davis (1986) BI BI1: I intend to use mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) for learning BI2: I predict that I would use mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) for learning BI3: I plan to use the mobile social media (WeChat, QQ, TikTok, etc.) for learning in the near future Venkatesh and Bala (2008) ...
Mobile social media are increasingly being used in education. They provide an effective way to address the imbalance between teaching supply and demand for older adults. However, few studies have investigated which factors contribute to older adults’ intention to use mobile social media for learning. This study uses a sequential explanatory mixed method to investigate the factors impacting older Chinese adults’ adoption of mobile social media for learning. Results of the quantitative phase indicated that Technology Anxiety (TA), Self-efficacy (SE), Previous Experience (PE), and Subjective Norm (SN) had significant effects on Perceived Usefulness (PU). TA, SE, PE, and Facilitating Conditions (FC) had significant effects on Perceived Ease of Use (PEU). PU and PEU are significant predictors of Behavioral Intention (BI), and PEU had a positive effect on PU. In the qualitative study, the significant effects of these extension factors on PU and/or PEU were investigated further. Perceptions and concerns about using mobile social media for learning were analyzed based on the participants’ interview data. On the basis of these results, recommendations are made to promote the use of mobile social media for learning by older adults. Specifically, teachers and colleges should: (a) select appropriate social media applications and set up relevant courses, and (b) supply inexpensive network service and high-quality learning support service. These research results have important implications for academic researchers, senior college managers, and teachers.
... Measurements for facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation were adapted from Venkatesh et al. (2012). The perceived physical condition was drawn from Ryu et al. (2009). The scales for social norms and trust were based on Sun et al. (2014). ...
This study analyzes the most important predictors of acceptance of social network sites in a sample of Chilean elder people (over 60). We employ a novelty procedure to explore this phenomenon. This procedure performs apriori segmentation based on gender and generation. It then applies the deep learning technique to identify the predictors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, altruism, telepresence, social identity, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, perceived physical condition, social norms, habit, and trust) by segments. The predictor variables were taken from the literature on the use of social network sites, and an empirical study was carried out by quota sampling with a sample size of 395 older people. The results show different predictors of social network sites considering all the samples, baby boomer (born between 1947 and 1966) males and females, silent (born between 1927 and 1946) males and females. The high heterogeneity among older people is confirmed; this means that dealing with older adults as a uniform set of users of social network sites is a mistake. This study demonstrates that the four segments behave differently, and many diverse variables influence the acceptance of social network sites.
Though millions of users in developed countries utilize IoT smart home technology, its applicability in underdeveloped countries is limited. This study addresses this gap by unveiling the determinants of IoT smart home technology adoption behavior among consumers in the least developed country. The study has extended the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) by including perceived hedonism, lifestyle, and well-being constructs in the research framework. Data from 355 IoT smart home users were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, perceived hedonism, and lifestyle positively affect behavioral intention. Moreover, behavioral intention positively affects use behavior. In the post-adoption stage, use behavior positively affects multifaceted user well-being. However, effort expectancy and social influence did not affect behavioral intention. The study has a novel theoretical contribution to the extant literature and significantly contributes to technology designers, marketers, elderly users, and government agencies.
The study explores the motivation of consumers to join and participate in new product co-creation, distinguishing between recruitment before, retainment during and finalizing of a co-creation project. The research is based on follow-up interviews with participants in a project covering the initial stages of new food product development (i.e., idea generation, idea screening and concept development) involving older consumers and carried out in a physical environment. Different motivation factors were deemed important by consumers before, during and at the closure of the project. Consumers joined the project motivated by curiosity and desire to meet new people. While performing the creative tasks, they continued the engagement due to the positive anticipation and enjoyment of new activities, as well as positive feedback loops. At the closure of the project, the usefulness of outcomes and the received recognition became important and strengthened the perceived creative self-efficacy of participants. The findings offer useful recommendations for organizers of co-creation, enabling the recruitment and retainment of consumers who could successfully deliver creative outputs and complete the project. The study offers novel insights relevant to participatory innovations looking at the temporal dimension of motivation to co-create and highlights the dynamic changes in salience of the motivation factors.
Mobile identification (mID) allows users to prove identity across many situations like when traveling through an airport; however, the personally identifiable information in the mID, if mishandled, poses a great threat to privacy. One solution is NeuroTechnology privacy enhancing technologies (PETs), which can be paired with the mID to authenticate users using one's unique neuro-proprioceptive signals that are safer than traditional security methods like facial recognition. Across two studies, we explore how TAM constructs impact mID download intentions (DI) and how pairing the PET with the mID impacts DI. In Study 1 (N = 465), mID-specific privacy concerns, anxiety (mID-ANX), general privacy concerns, and perceived privacy risk (mID-PPR) were strong negative predictors of DI. In Study 2 (N = 420), pairing the NeuroTechnology PET with the mID led to decreased mID-PPR and mID-ANX, and increased DI. An experimental mediation model demonstrated that pairing the NeuroTechnology PET with the mID was linked to higher DI because of decreased mID-PPR and mID-ANX leading to greater mID positive attitudes. Because privacy concerns and anxiety are barriers to technology acceptance in the TAM literature, NeuroTechnology PETs provide a solution to reduce privacy concerns and anxiety, and improve technology adoption.
The use of mobile banking is growing globally. However, the adoption of mobile banking has been sluggish among senior population. Seniors has become a significant market segment in online marketing field, but to date, few studies have investigated adoption of mobile banking by older customers. This study investigated the key factors affecting adoption of mobile banking among senior citizens in Malaysia. An integrated model was developed by assimilating factors from UTAUT2 model along with a factor from personality trait group namely dispositional resistance to change that is a second-order construct. A questionnaire based survey was conducted on seniors aged above 50 who were non-users of mobile banking in Kuala Lumpur (N = 384). The result of structural equation modelling revealed the negative influence of dispositional resistance to change and the positive impacts of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition and hedonic motivation on seniors’ intention to adopt mobile banking.
Teknolojik gelişmeler ve küresel krizlerden en çok etkilenen sektörlerden birisi de yiyecek içecek sektörüdür. Sektörlerde yaşanan dijitalleşme süreci ile birlikte Covid-19 pandemisi, yiyecek içecek sektöründe faaliyet gösteren restoranlarda inovasyonların ve yeni iş modellerinin ortaya çıkmasına vesile/neden olmuştur. Pandeminin sektör üzerinde yarattığı olumsuz etkileri bir nebze de olsa azaltmak amacıyla restoranlar, sadece paket hizmet verme üzerine kurulu olan sanal restoranları ifade eden “Hayalet Mutfak” iş modeline yönelmeye başlamıştır. Bu restoranlarda fiziksel olarak yemek sunumu yapılmamakta, bunun yerine evlere ya da iş yerlerine paket servis hizmeti verilmektedir. Tüketicilerin dağıtım kanalları aracılığıyla hayalet mutfaklardan satın alma davranışlarını, onların fayda ve risk algıları etkileyebilmektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, algılanan fayda ve riskin hayalet mutfaklardan satın alma niyetine etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmada anket yolu ile 387 akademisyenden çevrimiçi olarak veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre kişisel fayda ve sosyal / toplumsal faydanın hayalet mutfaklardan satın alma niyetine olumlu, kişisel risk ve sosyal / toplumsal riskin hayalet mutfaklardan satın alma niyetine olumsuz etkisi vardır.
Bu çalışma, 22. Ulusal Turizm Kongresinde sunulan bildirinin geliştirilmesi ve genişletilmesi ile kaleme alınmıştır.
Since entering the 21st century, the problem of social aging has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, more and more elderly people begin to try to use intelligent technology with the rapid development of science and technology. Many studies have used different models to study the technology acceptance of the elderly. This study reviewed literature on the elderly’s acceptance of technologies from 2008 to 2021, and found that the variables in the model change with the development of time and technology. We divided the literature into three main periods and found that the variables in the model gradually changed from focusing on technology to focusing on the social factors, as well as the emotions and feelings of the elderly. The degree of attention to the elderly gradually increased in this process.
Digital media technologies have been gradually integrated into teaching activities over the past few years, providing teachers with more possibilities for teaching. This study examines the teaching effects of an interactive AI based image-processing platform in assisting as a teaching aid for children painting education. In this study, we compared the learning interest, learning attitude, and continuous learning intention of 96 children aged 5 to 13 in the process of painting education. The subjects were divided into two groups: the experimental group used AI image processing for painting education, and the control group utilized traditional teaching methods for painting learning. Results showed that the use of AI image-processing tools in painting education reduces girls’ learning attitudes and continuous learning intention, while stimulating boys’ learning interest.
Life events in the context of the different life courses of individuals can influence behavior in the acceptance of technology. In this context, driver assistance systems have the potential to create the basis for future mobility solutions. However, the systems should be accepted by the older generation, which can provide them with mobility into old age. Therefore, a literature review was conducted and life events were identified that may moderate the effect relationships in the acceptance of driver assistance systems. Based on the technology acceptance model, a research model was developed and validated by a study (n = 181). The results show that there are differences in the acceptance of driver assistance systems depending on different life events. The results show that the four life events “major illness,” “retirement,” birth of a grandchild, and “major accident” have a moderating influence on the acceptance of driver assistance systems. The study finds that regardless of the life event experienced, trust in technology is a major factor in acceptance, along with perceived usefulness. For example, retired individuals and those with major illnesses focus on the ease of use of the systems, while individuals with grandchildren value the opinion of their close environment.
The dominant models of innovation adoption have traditionally overlooked the role of emotions, despite the relevance of this construct in consumer decision-making. To address this historical gap, a notable stream of research on emotions in innovation adoption has emerged in recent years. To enrich our understanding of the psychology of innovation adoption, this paper integrates insights from research on emotions in psychology with a systematic review of the literature on consumer emotions in innovation adoption. Drawing on well-established theories of emotions and decision-making, we derive five fundamental dimensions that help define the role of emotions in the consumer adoption of innovations. A systematic review of existing evidence within the specific field of innovation adoption summarises the existing evidence through the lens of the five dimensions. The contributions of the paper are twofold. First, the paper offers a novel perspective that provides a deeper understanding of emotions as a psychological mechanism enabling or impeding innovation adoption. Second, we set an agenda for invigorating research in this important domain.
This passenger resistance to adopting innovative mobile services has been widely discussed and needs more examination. The present research model used the innovation resistance theory factors, including usage barriers, value barriers, risk barriers, tradition barriers, and image barriers, to verify the antecedents of mobile ticketing application usage. A mobile ticketing app includes making seat reservations, payment, ticket collection, and entry and boarding procedures. Additionally, the model considers the impact of technological anxiety, personal innovation characteristics, informativeness, and word of mouth to identify critical factors in determining resistance barriers and willingness to adopt. A questionnaire was distributed over the Internet, and responses were analyzed using statistical analysis software to test the proposed hypotheses. The analysis results found that the factors of Innovation Resistance Theory negatively affected intention to use the T-Express app. Among these, the tradition barrier is the first key factor. Moreover, the consumer and communication characteristics had significant effects on barrier factors. This research provides useful insights and suggestions for improving mobile ticketing app usage based on the findings.
To prevent the further spread of COVID-19, many teachings were transferred to the Internet. This study unearths the motivations to participate in YouTube as a supplementary learning resource among college students to fight COVID-19. Using an integration and development of TAM and TTF model with 302 registered YouTube students completed an online survey that helped understanding user behavior. Employing a structural equation model on the sample indicated that behavioral intention was significantly influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, user satisfaction, and YouTube self-efficacy. However, task technology fit and content richness were not significantly predictive of behavioral intention. Moreover, perceived ease of use and YouTube self-efficacy also was not significantly predictive perceived usefulness. The implications of integrating and development of TAM and TTF with content richness and YouTube self-efficacy model are discussed.
We aimed to examine the key factors that influence older adults’ perception and intention to wear health monitoring smart clothing. A convenience sample of 376 U.S. older adults was used for data analyses. Influence of functional and aesthetic attributes on older adults’ perception and intention of its use was not supported. The findings imply that older adults who are satisfied with expressive and tracking attributes of health monitoring smart clothing find it useful, easier to use, and socially acceptable, which leads them to be more likely to use it.
Definitions of the three components of computer literacy and of computer anxiety were used in a nationwide survey of instructional computing educators to develop a list of seventy competencies of the computer-literate person. This list was used to develop an eighty-question multiple-choice examination. This test was divided into three parts, one part for each of the three components of the definition of computer literacy. Normative data were collected from 341 college students from six different universities. The examination was found to have a reliability estimate of .86. A computer anxiety index (CAIN) was also developed. This instrument was designed to be used to determine a person's level of computer anxiety. Normative data from 1943 students were collected. The CAIN was found to have a reliability of approximately .90. Both the eighty-item achievement test and the twenty-six item CAIN were sent to a nationwide selection of instructional computing specialists who evaluated them. This evaluation was used to revise the two tests. In summary, this article describes the process used to develop two examinations, an achievement test of computer literacy, and a computer anxiety index.
The impact of computer technology on elderly people is discussed. This is done by describing the effects of computer use by elderly people and by considering age-related changes. Also, the barriers elderly people encounter previous to or during the use of a computer are examined. Various positive effects are adressed, such as decreased feeling of loneliness by using e-mail and a slower decrease of cognitive abilities by playing specific computer games. Finally, the business perspective as well as future possibilities in this area are discussed, in order to show that this impact can and should be even greater.
A recurring question in the study of computer anxiety is whether computer anxiety is a relatively stable personality trait or a mutable, temporary state. The two studies reported examined this question in two groups of first year psychology students. These students were requested to complete a computer anxiety test, a trait anxiety test, and a state anxiety test. Some groups were administered the tests in a pen and paper format, while others were tested using computerized tests. In the first study, a Dutch version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used; in the second study, a Dutch adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. In both studies, computer anxiety turned out to be related more strongly to trait anxiety than to state anxiety. In fact, there was no relationship between computer anxiety and state anxiety in the pen and paper format. In the computerized versions however, computer anxiety and state anxiety were related, suggesting that state anxiety in situations involving a computer is caused by pre-existing computer anxiety.
Purpose – In our modern society there is a prevailing belief that computers and the internet are mainly used by younger generations, who grew up with modern technology, and are generally all information literate. However, research shows that through the past ten years more and more older people have started to learn how to use computers and, of course, how to use the internet. The aim of this paper is to investigate and analyse internet usage among seniors on the basis of a case study showing the actual situation in Slovenia. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was carried out among seniors, the participants of different Third Age University programmes, by using a questionnaire, designed for this study. This particular group of seniors was chosen because they lead more active lifestyle than average seniors and the results should be more relevant. Participating in these programmes means they are eager to learn new things and that they have access to computers. Findings – It was found that among the seniors, Third Age University participants, only one third were active internet users. It was less than expected, as Slovenia has quite high internet usage among its citizens. Education and partly age were important factors in defining internet use. Public libraries can play a particularly important role in offering information literacy courses, offering space and others services to them, but this was not confirmed by the results of this study. Research limitations/implications – The paper tried to establish the situation with a case study in Slovenia, a new EU member but also one of the European countries with the greatest use of internet and web. Digital divide, differences along the criteria of age, might be more important than elsewhere. Originality/value – Use of internet and web will become more and more wide-spread and problems with social groups left out will be more visible and will have negative implications on equality of all citizens. Seniors as a social group are especially vulnerable and need help. Libraries can and must find new services with initiatives that promote the reduction of digital divide among age groups.
Finland is a world leader in electronic banking, and over 39.8 percent of all retail banking transactions were made over the Internet in August 2000. Using the data of a large survey, we analyzed mature customers’ Internet banking behavior. Internet banking was the third popular mode of payment among mature customers. Household income and education were found to have a significant effect on the adoption of the Internet as a banking channel, so that over 30 percent of wealthy and well-educated mature males make e-banking their primary mode of making payments. Perceived difficulty in using computers combined with the lack of personal service in e-banking were found to be the main barriers of Internet banking adoption among mature customers. Internet banking was also found to be more unsecured among mature customers than bank customers in general.
Users and IT personnel typically belong to different organizational units with different objectives and values. This often creates a perceived boundary between the two units, reducing the degree to which users accept the installation of new IT. Much IT research suggests that increased user involvement and influence on IT development can overcome user - IT personnel differences and thereby increase user acceptance. However, the realization of this objective can be problematic when implementing new IT in large organizations within which such user involvement is impractical.This study examines a case of IT adoption in view of Social Identity Theory, which focuses on how identification with groups affects individuals' beliefs and behavior. As hypothesized, users' acceptance of the IT increased when they believed that the inter-group boundary between them and the IT group was reduced and when they believed that they shared values with the IT group. Both of these beliefs increased when the IT group was perceived to be responsive to user requests. The results suggest that, even in large organizations where user influence on IT development is limited, IT group responsiveness can increase user acceptance of new IT.
Over the last decade, 'user experience' (UX) became a buzzword in the field of human – computer interaction (HCI) and interaction design. As technology matured, interactive products became not only more useful and usable, but also fashionable, fascinating things to desire. Driven by the impression that a narrow focus on interactive products as tools does not capture the variety and emerging aspects of technology use, practitioners and researchers alike, seem to readily embrace the notion of UX as a viable alternative to traditional HCI. And, indeed, the term promises change and a fresh look, without being too specific about its definite meaning. The present introduction to the special issue on 'Empirical studies of the user experience' attempts to give a provisional answer to the question of what is meant by 'the user experience'. It provides a cursory sketch of UX and how we think UX research will look like in the future. It is not so much meant as a forecast of the future, but as a proposal – a stimulus for further UX research.
Studied acceptance levels among elderly and nonelderly consumers for 3 technological innovations affecting the retail trade—namely, grocery scanners, electronic funds transfer, and automatic teller machines. Results indicate that the elderly accepted scanners passively and electronic funds transfer enthusiastically, but rejected teller machines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
As the identity of the computer user becomes more diverse, software developers can no longer assume familiarity with legacy systems or perfect vision, motor control and memory. The development of Piloot (for users with learning difficulties) and SeeWord (for dyslexic readers) shows that systems can be usable and accessible for 'non-typical' user groups. It is no longer appropriate to design 'general purpose' software that excludes users because of their age or minor impairments. Piloot and SeeWord, although developed for very different user groups, uncover some common barriers to computer use. Although some of these barriers were overcome in similar ways, other solutions were specific to the target user group and this may suggest strategies that will be effective in developing inclusive systems in the future.
Following a pilot study that suggested that force-feedback gravity wells could, under certain conditions, lead to 20-50% improvements in time to target in a selection task, a series of experiments further investigated the potential for enhancement of user interfaces for disabled computer users by the use of haptic feedback modulated on the basis of cursor position. Two experiments are reported examining (1) the effect of size of attractive basins in adjacent targets on time to target in a point and click selection task and (2) the effect of presence of four different types of force-feedback channels between start point and target on times to select a target. It was found that the presence of adjacent attractive basins was not disruptive of navigation to target, and that haptic force channels may only decrease times for those with high degrees of impairment. Cursor trace analysis suggested that the increased attraction force and range counteracts the disruptive effect of inappropriate cursor capture for the overlapping basins and that inappropriate ballistic movements were suppressed by channels for some of the impaired users but that channels may have had no effect on overshoot errors in these cases.
We describe in this paper a pilot study for identifying factors that determine the adoption and usage of mobile devices and services by elderly population. The elderly are an often neglected group in product development and marketing, but they are the only growing age group in most developed societies. Based on UTAUT and using semi-structured interviews with a number of different stakeholders interested in elderly people, we identify a set of issues that need to be taken into account when designing technology and services for the elderly. The results of our study indicate that elderly people are interested in using mobile phones and services, but these services need to deliver real value for them. This value is pronounced in form of more social, active, meaningful and independent life.
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely used to predict user acceptance and use based on perceived ease of use and usefulness. However, in order to design effective training interventions to improve user acceptance, it is necessary to better understand the antecedents and determinants of key acceptance constructs. In this research, we focus on understanding the determinants of perceived ease of use. Data from three experiments spanning 108 subjects and six different systems supported our hypothesis that an individual's perception of a particular system's ease of use is anchored to her or his general computer self-efficacy at all times, and objective usability has an impact on ease of use perceptions about a specific system only after direct experience with the system. In addition to being an important research issue in user acceptance research, understanding antecedents of perceived ease of use is also important from a practical standpoint since several systems in which millions of dollars are invested are rejected because of poor user interfaces. Moreover, the actual underlying problem might be low computer self-efficacy of the target user group. In such cases, training interventions aimed at improving computer self-efficacy of users may be more effective than improved interface design for increasing user acceptance.
This research investigated age differences in individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace using the theory of planned behavior. User reactions and technology usage behavior were studied over a 5-month period among 118 workers being introduced to a new software system. At 2 points of measurement, compared to older workers, younger workers' technology usage decisions were more strongly influenced by attitude toward using the technology. In contrast, older workers were more strongly influenced by subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, although the effect of subjective norm diminished over time. These findings were robust, even after controlling for key confounding variables identified in prior organizational behavior research (i.e., income, occupation, and education levels). Theoretical and practical implications for understanding the effects of aging on technology adoption and usage in the workplace are discussed.
The present research develops and tests a theoretical extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that explains perceived usefulness and usage intentions in terms of social influence and cognitive instrumental processes. The extended model, referred to as TAM2, was tested using longitudinal data collected regarding four different systems at four organizations (N = 156), two involving voluntary usage and two involving mandatory usage. Model constructs were measured at three points in time at each organization: preimplementation, one month postimplementation, and three months postimplementation. The extended model was strongly supported for all four organizations at all three points of measurement, accounting for 40%--60% of the variance in usefulness perceptions and 34%--52% of the variance in usage intentions. Both social influence processes (subjective norm, voluntariness, and image) and cognitive instrumental processes (job relevance, output quality, result demonstrability, and perceived ease of use) significantly influenced user acceptance. These findings advance theory and contribute to the foundation for future research aimed at improving our understanding of user adoption behavior.
Computer systems cannot improve organizational performance if they aren't used. Unfortunately, resistance to end-user systems by managers and professionals is a widespread problem. To better predict, explain, and increase user acceptance, we need to better understand why people accept or reject computers. This research addresses the ability to predict peoples' computer acceptance from a measure of their intentions, and the ability to explain their intentions in terms of their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and related variables. In a longitudinal study of 107 users, intentions to use a specific system, measured after a one-hour introduction to the system, were correlated 0.35 with system use 14 weeks later. The intention-usage correlation was 0.63 at the end of this time period. Perceived usefulness strongly influenced peoples' intentions, explaining more than half of the variance in intentions at the end of 14 weeks. Perceived ease of use had a small but significant effect on intentions as well, although this effect subsided over time. Attitudes only partially mediated the effects of these beliefs on intentions. Subjective norms had no effect on intentions. These results suggest the possibility of simple but powerful models of the determinants of user acceptance, with practical value for evaluating systems and guiding managerial interventions aimed at reducing the problem of underutilized computer technology.
Based on the expectancy disconfirmation theory, this study proposes a decomposed technology acceptance model in the context of an e-learning service. In the proposed model, the perceived performance component is decomposed into perceived quality and perceived usability. A sample of 172 respondents took part in this study. The results suggest that users’ continuance intention is determined by satisfaction, which in turn is jointly determined by perceived usefulness, information quality, confirmation, service quality, system quality, perceived ease of use and cognitive absorption.
Using data from 666 Midwesterners, we reexamine the issue of age identity. We consider five dimensions of age identity—subjective age, others' view of one's age, desired age, desired longevity, and perceived old age. We find that people believe that others think they are the age they feel rather than their actual age. Findings also suggest that “old age” is thought to begin in the mid-seventies. Finally, although subjective age increases as people age, it is not a one-to-one correspondence. Rather people feel relatively younger than their age as they get older.
Information systems (IS) implementation is costly and has a relatively low success rate. Since the seventies, IS research has contributed to a better understanding of this process and its outcomes. The early efforts concentrated on the identification of factors that facilitated IS use. This produced a long list of items that proved to be of little practical value. It became obvious that, for practical reasons, the factors had to be grouped into a model in a way that would facilitate analysis of IS use.In 1985, Fred Davis suggested the technology acceptance model (TAM). It examines the mediating role of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in their relation between systems characteristics (external variables) and the probability of system use (an indicator of system success). More recently, Davis proposed a new version of his model: TAM2. It includes subjective norms, and was tested with longitudinal research designs. Overall the two explain about 40% of system’s use. Analysis of empirical research using TAM shows that results are not totally consistent or clear. This suggests that significant factors are not included in the models.We conclude that TAM is a useful model, but has to be integrated into a broader one which would include variables related to both human and social change processes, and to the adoption of the innovation model.
As a way of mapping a design space for a project on information appliances, we produced a workbook describing about twenty conceptual design proposals. On the one hand, they serve as suggestions that digital devices might embody values apart from those traditionally associated with functionality and usefulness. On the other, they are examples of research through design, balancing concreteness with openness to spur the imagination, and using multiplicity to allow the emergence of a new design space. Here we describe them both in terms of content and process, discussing first the values they address and then how they were crafted to encourage a broad discussion with our partners that could inform future stages of design.
There has been considerable research on the factors that predict whether individuals will accept and voluntarily use information systems. The technology acceptance model (TAM) has a base in psychological research, is parsimonious, explains usage behavior quite well, and can be operationalized with valid and reliable instruments. A limitation of TAM is that it assumes usage is volitional, that is, there are no barriers that would prevent an individual from using an IS if he or she chose to do so. This research extends TAM by adding perceived user resources to the model, with careful attention to placing the construct in TAM's existing nomological structure. In contrast to measures of self-efficacy and perceived behavioral control that concentrate on how well individuals perceive they can execute specific courses of action, this paper examines perceptions of adequate resources that can facilitate or inhibit such behaviors. The inclusion of both a formative and reflective set of measures provides the opportunity for the researcher and manager to decide whether to evaluate only the overall perceptions of adequate resources or also the specific underlying causes. The extended model incorporating these measures was then tested in the field. The results confirmed that perceived user resources is a valuable addition to the model.
A critical assumption of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is that its belief constructs - perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) - fully mediate the influence of external variables on IT usage behavior. If this assumption is true, researchers can effectively "assume away" the effects of broad categories of external variables, those relating to the specific task, the technology, and user differences. One recent study did indeed find that belief constructs fully mediated individual differences, and its authors suggest that further studies with similar results could pave the way for simpler acceptance models that ignore such differences. To test the validity of these authors' results, we conducted a similar study to determine the effect of staff seniority, age, and education level on usage behavior. Our study involved 106 professional and administrative staff in the IT division of a large manufacturing company who voluntarily use email and word processing. We found that these individual user differences have significant direct effects on both the frequency and volume of usage. These effects are beyond the indirect effects as mediated through the TAM belief constructs. Thus, rather than corroborating the recent study, our findings underscore the importance of users' individual differences and suggest that TAM's belief constructs are accurate but incomplete predictors of usage behavior.
Overview The Older Consumer Market Characteristics of Older Consumers Aging and Age-Related Changes Understanding Changes in Late Life The Older Consumer as an Information Processor Lifestyles Mass Media Use Expenditure and Consumption Patterns Shopping Behavior Product Acquisition and Consumption Vulnerability and Dis/Satisfaction Conclusions and Recommendations
Using data from 666 Midwesterners, we reexamine the issue of age identity. We consider five dimensions of age identity—subjective age, others' view of one's age, desired age, desired longevity, and perceived old age. We find that people believe that others think they are the age they feel rather than their actual age. Findings also suggest that “old age” is thought to begin in the mid-seventies. Finally, although subjective age increases as people age, it is not a one-to-one correspondence. Rather people feel relatively younger than their age as they get older.
Persuading users to adopt new information technologies persists as an important problem confronting those responsible for implementing new information systems. In order to better understand and manage the process of new technology adoption, several theoretical models have been proposed, of which the technology acceptance model (TAM) has gained considerable support. Beliefs and attitudes represent significant constructs in TAM. A parallel research stream suggests that individual difference factors are important in information technology acceptance but does not explicate the process by which acceptance is influenced. The objective of this paper is to clarify this process by proposing a theoretical model wherein the relationship between individual differences and IT acceptance is hypothesized to be mediated by the constructs of the technology acceptance model. In essence then, these factors are viewed as influencing an individual's beliefs about an information technology innovation; this relationship is further supported by drawing upon extensive research in learning. The theoretical model was tested in an empirical study of 230 users of an information technology innovation. Results confirm the basic structure of the model, including the mediating role of beliefs. Results also identify several individual difference variables that have significant effects on TAM's beliefs. Theoretical contributions and practical implications that follow are discussed.
Despite the growth of the Internet, one area that marketers have not really discussed is the elderly's use of the Internet. Given the rapid growth of this population as well as the potential the Internet holds for them, it is a subject worth consideration. This paper discusses the use of the Internet by a national random survey of elderly consumers and the impact of attitude, innovation, and demographics on their use. This study shows that the elderly consumers have favorable intentions towards using the Internet; most learned to use the Internet on their own; and they preferred to learn more about the Internet if such classes were offered at convenient locations. Those seniors with higher levels of income are more willing to both use the Internet and purchase products online; while education levels positively impacted only Internet use. Finally, this paper provides implications for marketers and suggestions for future research.
Intraclass correlation reliablity estimates are based on the assumption that the various measures are equivalent. Jöreskog's (1970) general model for the analysis of covariance structures can be used to test the validity of this assumption.
This paper aims to predict consumer acceptance of e-commerce by proposing a set of key drivers for engaging consumers in on-line transactions. The primary constructs for capturing consumer acceptance of e-commerce are intention to transact and on-line transaction behavior. Following the theory of reasoned action (TRA) as applied to a technology-driven environment, technology acceptance model (TAM) variables (perceived usefulness and ease of use) are posited as key drivers of e-commerce acceptance. The practical utility of TAM stems from the fact that e-commerce is technology-driven. The proposed model integrates trust and perceived risk, which are incorporated given the implicit uncertainty of the e-commerce environment. The proposed integration of the hypothesized independent variables is justified by placing all the variables under the nomological TRA structure and proposing their interrelationships. The resulting research model is tested using data from two empirical studies. The first, exploratory study comprises three experiential scenarios with 103 students. The second, confirmatory study uses a sample of 155 on-line consumers. Both studies strongly support the e-commerce acceptance model by validating the proposed hypotheses. The paper discusses the implications for e-commerce theory, research, and practice, and makes several suggestions for future research.
Cognitive age has been an important construct in studies of older consumers. The present study builds upon previous research by providing theory-based antecedents of cognitive age. The results suggest that differences in cognitive age do not merely reflect differences in chronological age, and that a person's cognitive age is influenced by his or her experiences of life events that serve as markers of transitions into social roles people are expected to enact at different stages in life. In addition, the experiences of health-related events, such as chronic conditions, make people aware of their aging, affecting their cognitive age. The influence of cognitive age on consumer-behavior variables is also examined, and directions for future research are suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Previous research indicates that perceived usefulness is a major determinant and predictor of intentions to use computers in the workplace. In contrast, the impact of enjoyment on usage intentions has not been examined. Two studies are reported concerning the relative effects of usefulness and enjoyment on intentions to use, and usage of, computers in the workplace. Usefulness had a strong effect on usage intentions in both Study 1, regarding word processing software (β=.68), and Study 2, regarding business graphics programs (β=.79). As hypothesized, enjoyment also had a significant effect on intentions in both studies, controlling for perceived usefulness (β=.16 and 0.15 for Studies 1 and 2, respectively). Study 1 found that intentions correlated 0.63 with system usage and that usefulness and enjoyment influenced usage behavior entirely indirectly through their effects on intentions. In both studies, a positive interaction between usefulness and enjoyment was observed. Together, usefulness and enjoyment explained 62% (Study 1) and 75% (Study 2) of the variance in usage intentions. Moreover, usefulness and enjoyment were found to mediate fully the effects on usage intentions of perceived output quality and perceived ease of use. As hypothesized, a measure of task importance moderated the effects of ease of use and output quality on usefulness but not on enjoyment. Several implications are drawn for how to design computer programs to be both more useful and more enjoyable in order to increase their acceptability among potential users.
Accurate marketing research depends on accurate user judgments regarding their needs. However, for very novel products or in product categories characterized by rapid change—such as “high technology” products—most potential users will not have the real-world experience needed to problem solve and provide accurate data to inquiring market researchers. In this paper I explore the problem and propose a solution: Marketing research analyses which focus on what I term the “lead users” of a product or process.
Lead users are users whose present strong needs will become general in a marketplace months or years in the future. Since lead users are familiar with conditions which lie in the future for most others, they can serve as a need-forecasting laboratory for marketing research. Moreover, since lead users often attempt to fill the need they experience, they can provide new product concept and design data as well.
In this paper I explore how lead users can be systematically identified, and how lead user perceptions and preferences can be incorporated into industrial and consumer marketing research analyses of emerging needs for new products, processes and services.
The business-to-consumer aspect of electronic commerce (EC) is the most visible business use of the World Wide Web (WWW). A virtual store allows companies to provide product information and offer direct sales to their customers through an electronic channel. The fundamental problem motivating this study is that: in order for a virtual store to compete effectively with both physical stores and other online retailers, there is an urgent need to understand the factors that entice consumers to use it. This research attempted to provide both theoretical and empirical analyses to explain consumers’ use of a virtual store and its antecedents.By applying the technology acceptance model (TAM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT), this research took an extended perspective to examine consumer behavior in the virtual store context. The data from a survey of online consumers was used empirically to test the proposed research model. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement model, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was used to evaluate the causal model. The implication of the work to both researchers and practitioners is discussed.
This research examined the construct of computer anxiety in young and older adults in the context of a computer-based cognitive test. There were two primary questions: (a) Is there an age difference in computer anxiety? (b) What is the relationship between computer anxiety and age-related differences in performance on computer-based cognitive tasks? A total of 20 young adults and 20 older adults were administered a series of computer tasks and a computer anxiety measure. Results indicated that older adults had significantly higher computer anxiety than younger adults. Furthermore, the computer anxiety was unrelated to performance as measured by percent correct on the task, but was related to performance as measured by decision time. Implications for interactions between older adults and computers are discussed.
Retail patronage studies usually attempt to profile and understand loyal customers. This paper presents a study of changes in patronage preferences. Based on theory and research, it is proposed that changes in patronage preferences and development of patronage orientations are the result of life events that serve as markers of life transitions. These life events create new consumption needs and are stressful because they create demand for readjustment. People are likely to change their patronage preferences as they attempt to change their consumption lifestyles to cope with stressful life changes and satisfy new consumption needs. The data support these notions and suggest implications for retailers.
Multimedia message service (MMS) provides more multimedia communication with entertainment effects than current text-based short message service (SMS). While many reports indicate that the mobile Internet market will be huge, little is known about whether people will accept MMS. This study applies innovation diffusion theory to examine the factors that influence the adoption of MMS. The proposed model was empirically evaluated by using survey data collected from 207 users concerning their perceptions of MMS. The findings indicate that perceptions of use were different over innovation diffusion stages. Specifically, there was a significant difference between potential adopters and users. The results may provide further insights into MMS marketing strategies.
This study examined the effects of computer anxiety and computer knowledge on self-efficacy and life satisfaction within the retired older adult computer users. Participants consisted of older adults (aged 53–88) recruited from computer clubs in Florida. Path analysis revealed that computer use helped to increase self-efficacy and lower computer anxiety thereby increasing overall life satisfaction. Gender differences in computer use were also examined. Males and females used computers at about the same rate but females reported more anxiety and less computer knowledge. Furthermore, more males reported using the Internet. Of those who reported using the Internet, more females reported browsing for health- and hobby-related information. The implications of these findings were discussed.
Ease of use and usefulness are believed to be fundamental in determining the acceptance and use of various, corporate ITs. These beliefs, however, may not explain the user???s behavior toward newly emerging ITs, such as the World-Wide-Web (WWW).In this study, we introduce playfulness as a new factor that reflects the user???s intrinsic belief in WWW acceptance. Using it as an intrinsic motivation factor, we extend and empirically validate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for the WWW context.
Contemporary technology offers many benefits to older people, but these are often rendered inaccessible through poor software design. As the Internet increasingly becomes a source of information and services it is vital to ensure that older people can access these resources. As part of project funded by the UK government, a multi-disciplinary team set out to develop usable software that would help to introduce older people to the Internet. The first step was to develop an email system for older people with no experience of Internet use. The project was intended to show that it is possible to design usable technology for this group and to explore some of the issues involved in doing so. Design and technical challenges necessitated various tradeoffs. The system produced demonstrated the success of the design decisions: it was significantly easier to use than, and preferred to, a commercial equivalent by a group of older people with no experience of Internet use.
This study presents an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that integrates innovation diffusion theory, perceived risk and cost into the TAM to investigate what determines user mobile commerce (MC) acceptance. The proposed model was empirically tested using data collected from a survey of MC consumers. The structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate the causal model and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the reliability and validity of the measurement model. Our findings indicated that all variables except perceived ease of use significantly affected users’ behavioral intent. Among them, the compatibility had the most significant influence. Furthermore, a striking, and somewhat puzzling finding was the positive influence of perceived risk on behavioral intention to use. The implication of this work to both researchers and practitioners is discussed.
This study focuses on both intrinsic (i.e. perceived enjoyment) and extrinsic (i.e. perceived usefulness) motivation for the use of the Internet. An electronic Webpage survey was used to collect the data required for this study. A total of 1370 usable responses were obtained. Results indicated that local Internet users used the Internet mainly because they perceived the Internet to be more useful to their job tasks and secondarily, because it is enjoyable and easy to use. Findings demonstrated that while perceived usefulness had consistently strong effects on all usage dimensions (frequency of Internet usage, daily Internet usage and diversity of Internet usage), perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment affected each specific usage dimension differently.
This study examined relationships between computer attitude, computer experience, gender, cognitive abilities, and the acquisition of word processing by older adults. A total of 28 older adults (Mg. = 68.70 years) completed computer attitude questionnaires before and after a 6-week word-processing course and, additionally, completed spatial scanning, deductive, and inductive reasoning tests during the course. Gender differences were observed for attitudes towards computers, with females having a less positive attitude than males. Greater computer experience was associated with a more positive attitude, and with learning more word-processing knowledge during the course, replicating previous findings with young adults. No overall change in attitudes was found across the course, with the exception of computer liking; subjects tended to like computers less after the course, suggesting that the type of computer exposure may be an important factor in determining attitudes. Spatial scanning was found to be important in rapidly locating control keys for editing. Inductive and deductive reasoning were important predictors of word-processing knowledge, accounting for 60% of the variance. Identification of individual difference factors is a first step towards suggesting design changes in word-processing programs for older adults.
As computers become available in more places and situations, particularly with increased use of the Web to disseminate information, it becomes increasingly necessary for older adults, and by this I mean people over 70, to gain access.This paper investigates the factors that seem to inhibit Web use by older adults, and explores aspects of human-computer interface design, which accommodate older users with age-associated disabilities. These disabilities typically include memory impairment, and cognitive and visual impairment, all of which vary from day to day and over longer time periods within an individual. Memory and good sight are crucial for using today's Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) with small buttons, multitasking windows and the requirement to build strategies at the interface in order to complete tasks.This paper draws upon the author's experience in designing a Web browser for visually impaired user's called BrookesTalk, which was subsequently customised for older adults with memory loss. It also shows the need for Design for Dynamic Diversity (DDD), an interface design approach, which accommodates design issues which come about as a result of changing user requirements related to older users' changing abilities.
This study is one of the few attempts to investigate students’ acceptance of an Internet-based learning medium (ILM). By integrating a motivational perspective into the technology acceptance model, our model captured both extrinsic (perceived usefulness and ease of use) and intrinsic (perceived enjoyment) motivators for explaining students’ intention to use the new learning medium. Data collected from 544 undergraduate students were examined through the LISREL VIII framework. The results showed that both perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment significantly and directly impacted their intention to use ILM. Surprisingly, perceive ease of use did not posit a significant impact on student attitude or intention towards ILM usage. Implications of this study are important for both researchers and practitioners.
A critical assumption of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is that its belief constructs - perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) - fully mediate the influence of external variables on IT usage behavior. If this assumption is true, researchers can effectively "assume away" the effects of broad categories of external variables, those relating to the specific task, the technology, and user differences. One recent study did indeed find that belief constructs fully mediated individual differences, and its authors suggest that further studies with similar results could pave the way for simpler acceptance models that ignore such differences. To test the validity of these authors' results, we conducted a similar study to determine the effect of staff seniority, age, and education level on usage behavior. Our study involved 106 professional and administrative staff in the IT division of a large manufacturing company who voluntarily use email and word processing. We found that these individual user differences have significant direct effects on both the frequency and volume of usage. These effects are beyond the indirect effects as mediated through the TAM belief constructs. Thus, rather than corroborating the recent study, our findings underscore the importance of users' individual differences and suggest that TAM's belief constructs are accurate but incomplete predictors of usage behavior.