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An Interactive and Immersive 3D Game Simulation Provided with Force Feedback
Abstract
Performance improvements in graphics hardware and the diffusion of the low cost haptic interfaces have made it possible to visualize complex virtual environments and provided opportunities to interact with these in a more realistic way. In this paper a Virtual Reality application of a game of billiards is presented. By means of a commercial haptic interface a force feedback is provided, thus rendering the interaction realistic and exciting to the user. The introduction of the force feedback makes it possible to obtain a realistic simulation as it is possible to strike the billiard ball and to feel the contact between cue and ball. The virtual environment has been built using the development environment XVR and rigid body dynamics have been simulated utilizing the ODE library. Since in the real game it is possible to use the left hand when aiming and striking the ball, in the play modality it is possible to fix the cue movement in the desired direction in order to allow a more careful aim and a more stable interaction in the virtual environment. In addition it is possible to choose the force with which the ball is hit.
... used to simulate physical interaction in virtual environments for medical training and simulation [24,4], 3D games [2,8], art design [5], molecular docking [31], learning systems [10], etc. ...
Recently, physically-based simulations with haptics interaction attracted many researchers. In this paper, we propose an adaptive Six Degrees-of-Freedom (6-DOF) haptic rendering algorithm based on virtual coupling, which can automatically adjust virtual coupling parameters according to mass values of the simulated virtual tools. The algorithm can overcome the virtual tool displacement problem caused by the large mass values of the virtual tool and can provide stable force/torque display. The force/torque magnitude is saturated to the maximum force/torque values of the haptic device automatically. The implemented algorithm is tested on the simple and complex standard benchmarks. The experimental results confirm that the proposed adaptive 6-DOF haptic rendering algorithm displays good stability and accuracy for haptic rendering of dynamic virtual objects with mass values.
In this paper, a new stable dynamic algorithm based on virtual coupling was proposed for 6-Degrees-of-Freedom (DOF) haptic rendering. It allows stable haptic manipulation of virtual objects when a virtual tool has physical property such as mass. In the haptic rendering process, we consider the dynamic property such as rotation inertia in each haptic frame. The main contribution of the stable dynamic algorithm is that it could overcome the "buzzing" problem appeared in the haptic rendering process. A nonlinear force/torque algorithm is proposed to calculate the haptic interaction when the collision happens between the virtual tool and virtual objects. The force/torque magnitude could saturate to the maximum force/torque value of the haptic device. The implemented algorithm was tested with peg-in-hole and Stanford bunny benchmarks. The experimental results showed that our algorithm was capable to provide stable 6-DOF haptic rendering for dynamic rigid virtual objects with physical property such as mass.
Haptic interfaces enable person-machine communication through touch, and most commonly, in response to user movements. We comment on a distinct property of haptic interfaces, that of providing for simultaneous information exchange between a user and a machine. We also comment on the fact that, like other kinds of displays, they can take advantage of both the strengths and the limitations of human perception. The paper then proceeds with a description of the components and the modus operandi of haptic interfaces, followed by a list of current and prospective applications and a discussion of a cross-section of current device designs.
This paper presents empirical results to support the use of vibrotactile cues as a means of improving user performance on a spatial task. In a building-clearing exercise, directional vibrotactile cues were employed to alert subjects to areas of the building that they had not yet cleared, but were currently exposed to. Compared with performing the task without vibrotactile cues, subjects were exposed to uncleared areas a smaller percentage of time, and cleared more of the overall space, when given the added vibrotactile stimulus. The average length of each exposure was also significantly less when vibrotactile cues were present.
Haptic rendering allows users to "feel" virtual objects in a simulated environment. This article surveys current haptic systems and discusses some basic haptic-rendering algorithms.
This paper reports on the effectiveness of haptic feedback in a low-cost virtual-reality training environment for military and emergency personnel. Subjects participated in simulated exercises for clearing a damaged building, implemented using a modified commercial videogame engine and USB-compatible force and vibration feedback devices. With the addition of haptic feedback, subjects made fewer procedural errors and completed some tasks more rapidly. Initially, best results were obtained with vibration feedback. After modifications to the collision detection and display algorithm, force feedback produced equivalent results and was preferred by a majority of subjects.
We introduce a set of techniques for haptically manipulating digital media such as video, audio, voicemail and computer graphics, utilizing virtual mediating dynamic models based on intuitive physical metaphors. For example, a video sequence can be modeled by linking its motion to a heavy spinning virtual wheel: the user browses by grasping a physical force-feedback knob and engaging the virtual wheel through a simulated clutch to spin or brake it, while feeling the passage of individual frames. These systems were implemented on a collection of single axis actuated displays (knobs and sliders), equipped with orthogonal force sensing to enhance their expressive potential. We demonstrate how continuous interaction through a haptically actuated device rather than discrete button and key presses can produce simple yet powerful tools that leverage physical intuition.
In late years game construction with high reality have been done along with the development of VR technology. However, three
components such as behavior generation using rigid body physics, 3D sound generation and haptic feedback are considered necessary
for constructing a virtual world with high reality. In the paper, synchronization among visual, auditory and haptic sensation
is attained by SCRAME Net, the fastest network system. As a concrete example, a billiards game is built and we would like
to confirm that the method used in this research will contribute to build a game with high reality.
Available: http://www.sensable.com [13] eXtreme
- Openhaptics
- Sensable Technologies
- Inc
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Cop a feel....with haptic peripherals
- C Walters
HapStick -A High Fidelity Haptic System for Simulation of Billiards
- V Gourishanker
V. Gourishanker, "HapStick -A High Fidelity Haptic System for
Simulation of Billiards", Thesis at the Virtual Reality Laboratory,
University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, MA, 2006.
The Virtual Billiard Game
- Jan Ciger
- B Yersin
Jan Ciger and B. Yersin, "The Virtual Billiard Game", Virtual Reality
Lab at Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland,
2004, Available: http://vrlab.epfl.ch