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Factors Influencing the Adoption of Internet Banking.
Abstract
The Internet has been given tremendous publicity in recent years. However, most research focuses on Europe or America rather on than Asian countries. This study hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the Internet phenomenon in Asia by examining the factors influencing the adoption and nonadoption of the Internet among organizations in Singapore. A survey was carried out among business firms to examine the benefits of adopting the Internet, reasons for not adopting the Internet, and the criteria for selecting Internet access service providers. The results showed that key benefits are derived from the global nature of the Internet, which enables access to worldwide information and the creation of a worldwide electronic presence. Nonadopters of the Internet are concerned about whether staff will waste time surfing the Internet. Both access speed and technical support are viewed as important criteria in selecting an Internet access service provider (IASP). Implications of the results are discussed.
... With regard to its large deposit base, there is ever-growing pressure on its service delivery and Customer satisfaction across the country. Thus the need to introduce agency banking becomes paramount [40]. The long queues and huge crowds in the banking halls can be highly devastating and discouraging most times, especially when the weekend is near. ...
... Customers are taking greater control of their banking relationships. They are switching banks, changing their behavior and demanding improvements ( [40]. Therefore the study will answer the question: how does ICT dimension affect customer satisfaction of the selected deposits money banks in Lagos state, Nigeria? ...
... In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission, and network based control and monitoring functions [20,64] (2012) defined information communication technology as a broad-based term that encompasses the gathering, acquiring, organization, packaging, storage and retrieval, dissemination of above multi-media, using a combination of computers and telecommunications. Information communication technology (ICT) is the automation of processes, controls, and information production using computers, telecommunications, software and ancillary equipment such as automated teller machine and debit cards [40]. It is a term that generally covers the harnessing of electronic technology for the information needs of a business at all levels. ...
... While comparing other industries, Tan and Thompson (2000) state that banking has always been a highly information intensive activity that relies heavily on information technology to obtain, process, and deliver information to all relevant users. Conventional banking activities are now transforming to contemporary banking practices according to Skowron and Kristensen (2012). ...
... Electronic banking has a high significance among such practices. Tan and Thompson (2000) argue that there are impacts on businesses as a result of e -banking. Nowadays, Internet has become a famous delivery and distribution channel. ...
... Internet banking populates with the enhancement of electronic commerce (Tan & Thompson, 2000). It is popular as an alternative banking channel with the fast trend of internet usage in current cyber space. ...
Most of the modern banking institutes practice electronic banking practices for their operations instead of traditional banking practices. Considering the information gathered from professionals, it is observed that Sri Lankan e-banking services are not in a satisfactory level. Researchers proved that there are some different thinking patterns of Sri Lankans regarding e-banking. The purpose of the study aimed at studying the reasons why some customers use e-banking systems whereas others do not. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of e-banking on customer satisfaction in private commercial banks in Galle district of Sri Lanka. Based on the review of extensive literature pertaining to e-banking, first researcher identified seven e-banking dimensions commonly used in Sri Lankan context and six service quality dimensions which measure customer satisfaction. Hypotheses are developed based on the constructed conceptual framework which derived from e-banking and customer satisfaction literature. Data has been collected over purposive sampling method and snowball method, structured questionnaires to 150 respondents who practice e-banking in Galle district. Measurement model is modified after deleting eleven items out of 41 items from the original model and showed acceptable reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. All structural model path coefficients are positive and statistically insignificant except telephone banking and mobile banking relationships which are negative and statistically significant. Results suggest that ATM banking, internet banking, online banking, credit cards and debit cards have positive direct impact on customer satisfaction and negative impact through telephone banking and mobile banking as well. This research has provided an academic insight into a new research model with latest e-banking practices and organizational performances. Such findings support policy makers and bank managers to make awareness of general public and enhance trust regarding e-banking practices. This study can be taken as a road map for future researches and who have undertaken in settings such as e-practices, banks etc.
... Scholars have frequently used The TRA to define the purposes by the users for organizing information systems (Tan and Thompson, 2000). Following to TRA, Ajzen (1991) stretched the TRA theory developing theory of planned behavior (TPB). ...
... Some studies united the described models with definite theoretical hypotheses from the e-banking available literature, for instance, reliance in Internet banking solutions (Al-Somali, Gholami and Clegg, 2009). Tan and Thompson (2000) discovered the factors that influence on the adoption of Internet banking. They also expanded the Rogers's DOI outline (Rogers, 1995) by mixing it with TRA and TPB. ...
... They also expanded the Rogers's DOI outline (Rogers, 1995) by mixing it with TRA and TPB. Their study focused on the realization of the effects of individual's attitude and also perceived behavioral control on their purpose to practice banking services available in Internet (Tan and Thompson, 2000). ...
Electronic Banking (e-banking) is referred to e-finance services, provided by the banks in the form of goods or services through electronic delivery systems. The emergence of e-banking since its inception has played a major role in the country’s economic development and boosting customer satisfaction. It has now become one of the pre-requisite guiding the decision of customers in making the decision of choosing a bank to relate with. This is happening because of the general global transformation into the e-world and the consumer awareness of their e-banking requirement and conveniences from a particulars bank as compared to the initial conventional banking system. Taking from the existing literature of customer behavior, on e-banking services, research from different scholars has revealed the effects of demographic characteristics of the customers, such as age, gender, income and level of education etc. on e-banking provision of goods and services. It is on this ground that this study proposes an extension to the study by proposing an Integrative Model of Customer Experience in Malaysia E-Banking Service Delivery. However, from the theoretical discussion of the above review, it was observed that the original model suffers some limitations. As such, this paper deemed it necessary to examine an additional driver influences, perception, and attitude toward E-banking adoption in Malaysia.
Keywords: E- Banking, service quality, customer satisfaction and Malaysia.
... Scholars have frequently used The TRA to define the purposes by the users for organizing information systems (Tan and Thompson, 2000). Following to TRA, Ajzen (1991) stretched the TRA theory developing theory of planned behavior (TPB). ...
... Some studies united the described models with definite theoretical hypotheses from the e-banking available literature, for instance, reliance in Internet banking solutions (Al-Somali, Gholami and Clegg, 2009). Tan and Thompson (2000) discovered the factors that influence on the adoption of Internet banking. They also expanded the Rogers's DOI outline (Rogers, 1995) by mixing it with TRA and TPB. ...
... They also expanded the Rogers's DOI outline (Rogers, 1995) by mixing it with TRA and TPB. Their study focused on the realization of the effects of individual's attitude and also perceived behavioral control on their purpose to practice banking services available in Internet (Tan and Thompson, 2000). ...
Electronic Banking (e-banking) is referred to e-finance services, provided by the banks in the form of goods or services through electronic delivery systems. The emergence of e-banking since its inception has played a major role in the country’s economic development and boosting customer satisfaction. It has now become one of the pre-requisite guiding the decision of customers in making the decision of choosing a bank to relate with. This is happening because of the general global transformation into the e-world and the consumer awareness of their e-banking requirement and conveniences from a particulars bank as compared to the initial conventional banking system. Taking from the existing literature of customer behavior, on e-banking services, research from different scholars has revealed the effects of demographic characteristics of the customers, such as age, gender, income and level of education etc. on e-banking provision of goods and services. It is on this ground that this study proposes an extension to the study by proposing an Integrative Model of Customer Experience in Malaysia E-Banking Service Delivery. However, from the theoretical discussion of the above review, it was observed that the original model suffers some limitations. As such, this paper deemed it necessary to examine an additional driver influences, perception, and attitude toward E-banking adoption in Malaysia.
Keywords: E- Banking, service quality, customer satisfaction and Malaysia.
... In this study, we defined institutional support (INS) as the supervision, subsidy and rebate of taxes provided by the authority or government for promoting the technological systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of MBSA, the institutional supports includes internet connections, different policies, access, security to take services online, which plays an important role in facilitating financial services (Rambocas & Arjoon, 2012;Tan & Teo, 1998) since rural people are underprivileged as compared to urban people. Ali et al. (2015) identified the influence of support on users behavioral intention in Islamic banking and financing. ...
... Finally, in H8, we found that institutional support positively influenced CI. In this study, INS is considered the crucial predictor of CI to use MBSAs in rural Bangladesh, which is supported by existing research (e.g., Mandari et al., 2017;Rambocas & Arjoon, 2012;Tan & Teo, 1998). Besides, the result was positive since institutional support (e.g., tax exemption, decreased cost) can benefit rural people and encourage them to do their banking through MBSAs. ...
the purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents of customers' continuance intention to use mobile banking services applications (MBsas) during the cOViD-19 pandemic. Grounding on the technology acceptance Model, theory of Planned Behavior, and cognitive load theory, an integrated conceptual framework was proposed and tested incorporating psychological factors (i.e., cyberchondria, perceived anxiety) and situational factors (i.e., social distance, institutional support). Data were collected from 250 rural customers and analyzed with structural equation Modeling. the results showed that subjective norms, perceived ease of use, social distance, attitudes, cyberchondria, and institutional support influenced users' continuance intention. Moreover, the results showed that perceived anxiety, subjective norms, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness influenced users' attitudes. Besides, the findings suggested that attitudes mediate the influence of subjective norms, usefulness, ease of use, and social distance on users' intention. this study is unique in terms of investigating pandemic-specific psychological and situational factors in explaining consumers' continuance intention. therefore, the service providers and professionals should be cautious in designing MBsas so that consumers' usage behaviors may not vary during an unprecedented situation (e.g., cOViD-19). the theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
... The literature states that EC is not only an opportunity to large companies, providing the same potential benefits to SMEs and therefore symmetrizing competition [9]. According to Tan and Toe [10], businesses are also inclined to adopt the internet and convey extensive information access to customer in order to grasp a higher market reach through web presence [11]. Hence, EC can be considered as a ground-breaking framework to improve global competitiveness and promote firm scaling [12,13]. ...
... According to Tan and Teo [10], human and capital resources are a valuable determinant for technological adoption. Consequently, larger firms with more financial and human capital will have more technological readiness than SMEs [57]. ...
The recent emergence of e-commerce has brought a shifting paradigm into global markets. This revolutionary framework relying upon technological progress has conveyed a new era of commerce. More than ever, businesses are using digital marketplaces to stay relevant and competitive. Suddenly, buying online has become part of their daily routines. Accessibility, flexibility, and convenience make the internet the ideal platform for modern age consumers. Small and medium enterprises predominate in almost every industry generating employment, income, and sustainability. Nonetheless, e-commerce adoption among these organizations is yet to be widely undertaken. This article has a twofold objective: first, it gathers data regarding the emergence of e-commerce adoption by SMEs through a systematic literature review encompassing 32 indexed articles (published between 2003 and 2021). Secondly, it provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis identifying strategic options and guidelines for a smooth digital transition among these players. Lastly, some recommendations to policy makers were clipped to work as facilitators, given SMEs specificities. The future is digital and the struggle for e-commerce adoption and exploitation among these organizations is at the top of the agenda. It is central in maintaining the vibrancy of the business ecosystem, and is therefore a turnkey for economic recovery.
... This approach is known as e-banking (Colgate and Alexander, 1998). Authors advocate e-banking as an important factor for banks (Tan and Thompson, 2000). The satisfaction of customers in the banking industry depends on the process of service delivery (Shamah, 2013); thus, accessibility, ease of use, and delivery speed are considered essential factors of e-banking (Ibrahim et al., 2006). ...
... High factor loadings on the availability of account details (information on balance in account and transactions done in past) and fund transfer facility indicate their importance. Easy transfer of funds within and outside the bank was claimed to be a part of the convenient service under process elements (Tan and Thompson, 2000;Zeithaml et al., 2008), which makes the transaction process easy. The accessibility of sophisticated self-service technologies has altered the way banks serve their clients (Liljander et al., 2006). ...
The purpose of this study is to re-conceptualize the conventional marketing mix for Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) markets and propose a revised framework by reorganizing the elements based on the customer perspective while retaining the principles of services marketing. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire with a sample size of 400 people from both urban and rural markets in the BoP. Findings indicate that the needs and perspective of the BoP members is distinct from the Middle of the Pyramid (MoP). Managers should consider this point while formulating marketing mix strategies for BoP markets. The present study is the first of its kind to present a revised marketing mix framework for customers in the BoP markets. The framework comprises five Ps, including personalization, product, place, the process of service delivery and price. Thus, a theoretical contribution is made in the context of service marketing and the BoP.
... The first self-service technologies in the finance sector emerged in the 1970s (Railton, 1985) when banks installed the first automated teller machines (ATMs) (Dabholkar, 1996). This was followed by telephone banking services in the 1980s (Ahmad and Buttle, 2002), and in the 1990s, with the emergence of the Internet, banks further extended their existing distribution channels by offering web-based banking applications (Tan and Thompson, 2000;Suh and Han, 2002). Over the past decade, the proliferation of mobile technologies such as mobile phones, PDAs, and smart phones have encouraged banks to provide mobile banking applications (Scornavacca et al, 2006;Laukkanen and Lauronen, 2005;Barnes and Corbitt, 2003). ...
... Telephone banking services are computer-based keypad response or voice recognition technologies allowing customers to perform banking activities over the telephone (Ahmad and Buttle, 2002). Internet banking is a banking channel that allows consumers to perform a wide range of financial and non-financial services through a bank's website (Tan and Thompson, 2000;Bhattacherjee, 2001). Mobile banking is defined as a channel through which customers interact with a bank through non-voice applications such as text-or WAPbased banking services using a mobile device, such as a mobile phone or personal digital assistant (PDA) (Hoehle and Lehmann, 2008). ...
... There is a large number of empirical studies that analyze the adoption of Internet banking. Among the most cited is the one by Tan, Margaret & Thompson, (2000). They conclude that among the main factors that explain the adoption of Internet banking on the internet, there is social influence, the perception of having a relative advantage, compatibility, the possibility of trying, and additional support from the government of Singapore to promote electronic commerce. ...
This research seeks to answer these questions by analyzing multiple empirical articles carried out at different times, in different countries, and with various innovations. The research is divided into three sections: first, it presents a chronology of the evolution of banks, their main innovations, and events that have modified the banking business model to adapt it to banking today. The second is based on bibliometric tools to present the primary references of the articles that analyze the relationship between innovation and bank profitability and its conceptual structure. The third section analyzes the concept of branchless banking and its factors. Three findings stand out: 1) according to the empirical literature consulted, it is concluded that innovation does affect profitability, 2) publications have grown in recent years, with China being the most productive country and the United States the most influential, and 3) The concept of branchless banking is a viable alternative to measure innovation in the Mexican banking sector.
... Trialability refers to the extent to which an innovation can be experimented with by users before commitment to adoption (Rogers, 2003). Trialability could reduce users' perceived uncertainty and lead to adoption (Tan & Teo, 2000). Al-Saedi et al. (2020) investigated recent studies in m-payment adoption and found that risk is one of the most frequently identified determinants. ...
The increasing popularity of mobile technologies is reshaping human activities including financial transactions. This research focuses on the use and acceptance of NFC-enabled proximity mobile payment (m-payment). This research builds on previous research highlighting the various factors influencing the use and acceptance of m-payment through the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovation of (DoI). The results indicate a statistically significant relationship between compatibility, personal innovativeness, and behavioural intention to use m-payment. The findings of this study confirm the influence of external factors, i.e., compatibility and personal innovativeness, determines the end-users’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of m-payment which subsequently determines their attitude towards using m-payment and the intention to use m-payment.
... Pada saat seseorang memiliki sikap positif atau menerima adanya mobile banking syariah, maka minat untuk menggunakan mobile banking syariah akan tinggi. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Malhotra dan Galletta (1999), Tan dan Teo (2000), Chau dan Hu (2002), Hung et al (2006), Gurung (2006) memaparkan bahwa sikap mempengaruhi minat perilaku dalam menggunakan teknologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan objek penelitian yang berbeda yaitu mobile banking syariah. ...
This study aims to examine the trust of millennial generation in the role of sharia mobile banking in the ease of solving their financial problems. The increased use of smartphones has made the banking industry provide mobile banking services to facilitate and increase customer productivity. The level of trust in sharia mobile banking is measured using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Based on TAM, trust is determined by Perceived Easy of Use (PEoU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Attitude to Product (ATP), and Intention to Use (ITU). This study uses an independent survey, with a total sample of 330 sharia mobile banking users spread throughout Indonesia. Data analysis techniques used in this study used SB-SEM (Covariance Based-Structural Equation Modeling) with AMOS software. The results showed that PEoU had a positive effect on PU, PEoU had a positive effect on ATP, PU had a positive effect on ATP, ATP had a positive effect on ITU, and ITU had a positive effect on Trust. Overall millennial generation has a high level of trust in sharia mobile banking, because sharia mobile banking is easy to use and makes it easy to solve their financial problems.
... Pada saat seseorang memiliki sikap positif atau menerima adanya mobile banking syariah, maka minat untuk menggunakan mobile banking syariah akan tinggi. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Malhotra dan Galletta (1999), Tan dan Teo (2000), Chau dan Hu (2002), Hung et al (2006), Gurung (2006) memaparkan bahwa sikap mempengaruhi minat perilaku dalam menggunakan teknologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan objek penelitian yang berbeda yaitu mobile banking syariah. ...
This study aims to examine the trust of millennial generation in the role of sharia mobile banking in the ease of solving their financial problems. The increased use of smartphones has made the banking industry provide mobile banking services to facilitate and increase customer productivity. The level of trust in sharia mobile banking is measured using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Based on TAM, trust is determined by Perceived Easy of Use (PEoU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Attitude to Product (ATP), and Intention to Use (ITU). This study uses an independent survey, with a total sample of 330 sharia mobile banking users spread throughout Indonesia. Data analysis techniques used in this study used SB-SEM (Covariance Based-Structural Equation Modeling) with AMOS software. The results showed that PEoU had a positive effect on PU, PEoU had a positive effect on ATP, PU had a positive effect on ATP, ATP had a positive effect on ITU, and ITU had a positive effect on Trust. Overall millennial generation has a high level of trust in sharia mobile banking, because sharia mobile banking is easy to use and makes it easy to solve their financial problems.
... From several opinions about behavioral control, it can be concluded that it is the opinion of individuals who are usually quite rational and able to use the information they have in accordance with their abilities/expertise in the environmental conditions where they are located. Based on the literature review and the development of comprehensive theory, dimensions of perceived behavioral control consist of three dimensions, namely: control beliefs, power of control beliefs and technology (Tan and Teo 1998;Ajzen 2005). ...
Today, online Muslim clothing providers in Indonesia are faced with increasing competition in business openness. This condition requires online Muslim clothing providers to be more creative, innovative, effective and efficient by offering Muslim clothing products that are more valuable than competitors’. Therefore, a sophisticated and smart technology planning concept is needed for Muslim fashion consumers and to continue to achieve the benefits obtained by online Muslim clothing providers. This study aims to determine: (1) the influence of attitudes on the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis (2) the influence of subjective norm on the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis (3) the influence of perceived behavioral control on the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis (4) the effect of attitudes on the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis moderated by religious belief, (5) the effect of subjective norm on the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis moderated by religious belief, and (6) the effect of perceived behavioral control on the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis moderated by religious belief. This study uses 1. independent variables, namely: attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. 2. The dependent variable is: Purchase intention. 3. The moderating variable is: religion. The data in this study are obtained from questionnaires distributed to 762 respondents. The method used is purposive sampling to all respondents who shopped online. The method is through the LISREL 8.7 program and t-test. These results indicate that the variables of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control influence the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis. They also find that the religious belief variable can moderate the variable of attitude towards the online buying intention of Muslim clothing in Indonesia during the COVID-19 crisis but not the subjective norm and perceived behavioral control variables.
... And as a result of that researchers always conduct research about the customers especially on what relates to their satisfaction (Agbor, 2011). While comparing other industries that the banking has always been a highly information intensive service that relies heavily on information technology to obtain, process, and deliver the information to all relevant users (Tan & Thompson, 2000). Conventional banking activities are now transforming to contemporary banking practices with the vast enhancement of technology (Kristensen, 2012). ...
... According to Hoehle et al. (2012), E-Banking has four channels. These are Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) (Dabholkar 1996), Telephone banking services (Ahmad and Buttle 2002), Internet banking (Tan and Thompson 2000;Bhattacherjee 2001;Pikkarainen et al. 2004;George 2018), and Mobile banking (Hoehle and Lehmann 2008;Tam and Oliveira 2017;Chawla and Joshi 2018). ...
Abstract
The popularity of self-service technologies, particularly in the banking industry, more
precisely with electronic banking channel services, has undergone a major change
as individuals’ lifestyles develop. This change has affected individuals’ decisions about
accepting any new Information Technology, and Information Communications
Technology services that are electronically mediated, for example, E-Banking channel
services. This study investigates the effect of Individual Factors on User Behaviour, and
the moderating role of Trust in the relationship between Individual Factors, and User
Behaviour based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This
research proposes a model, with a second-order components research framework.
It improves current explanations of the acceptance of electronic banking channel
services. Furthermore, this study highlights the role of trust on the acceptance of electronic
banking channel services, which is the most crucial consideration in customers’
decisions to accept electronic banking channels services. Thus, trust is the spine of the
system in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Data were collected using an online questionnaire
that received 476 valid responses from academic staff who work at the University
of Sulaimani. The model tested data using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation
Modelling approach. The results show that Individual Factors have a positive effect on
User Behaviour. Besides, results show that trust moderates the relationship between
Individual Factors and User Behaviour.
... ICT infrastructure ensures the effective use of e-government services and allows the electronic participation of various stakeholders in government business. Tan and Teo (1998) further point out that technological infrastructure will be enhanced if measures are instituted to ensure network and bandwidth reliability. The presence of sufficient technological infrastructure will therefore ensure the easy use of various ICTs. ...
ICTs have a tremendous potential to enhance individual, business, and government efficiency and improve the general quality of life. However, the role of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) has brought with it numerous legal and regulatory challenges as well as an exacerbating criminal enterprise through cybercrime. Despite this, the evidence of the role of ICTs in improving the quality of life (QoL) is mixed and the exact nature of this relationship is not yet well understood especially at the global level. Existing information systems research has examined generally the effect of ICTs on the QoL at the individual country level, but there remains a gap in the understanding of the association between specific ICTs such as mobile penetration and the QoL. In this study, we examine the effects of mobile phone penetration on the QoL on one hand, and the mediating effects of ICT regulation on the other. We rely on the capability approach and archival data from 114 countries whilst employing Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling as the data analysis method. Our results show support for the association of ICT regulation and QoL and prove that the mediating effect of ICT regulation is not significant. Our findings suggest that to enhance the QoL, practitioners, and policymakers should emphasize ICT regulation to protect the privacy and security of individuals online to achieve the needed benefits. The study also provides recommendations for future research.
... At the same time, all items of this factor loaded more than 0.50. Therefore, this scale was considered to effectively evaluate the participants' self-health, and was suitable for subsequent factor analysis (Tan & Teo, 1998). This scale is our original. ...
As the popularity of smartphones grows, so does the number of people who are addicted to them. Although many studies have indicated that the various problems associated with smartphone addiction can negatively affect life satisfaction, this result is not absolute. This study surveyed 114 Chinese alumni of a Japanese university and analyzed the mediating effects of sleep quality and self-health on the relationship between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction. Results indicated that smartphone addiction did not affect life satisfaction, neither directly nor indirectly through sleep quality and self-health. This finding was different from those of previous studies. In addition, the results indicated that smartphone addiction directly affects sleep quality, and that smartphone addiction can affect self-health either directly or indirectly through sleep quality. Based on this finding, we believe that intervention in the excessive use of smartphones is an effective means to improve the physical fitness of people.
... Reference [3] states that the system is a group of two or more components that are interrelated (interrelated) or sub-systems that unite to achieve the same goal (common purpose), whereas ref [4] states that the system is a kind of interconnected parts that carry out one or more processes to achieve specific goals. Reference [5] states that defines a system as a group of elements that are closely related to one another, which function together to achieve certain goals. ...
... Recent papers show that physical distancing policy due to Corona Virus Disease 2019 has significantly affected socio-economics (Fernandes, 2020;Nicola et al., 2020), finance (Goodell, 2020), and supply-chain (Ivanov, 2020;Turner & Akinremi, 2020). Previous research has also already shown the pandemic effect on business in general (Swift, 2009). However, studies examining the COVID-19 pandemic effect on the way consumers make a payment remain scarce. ...
Physical distancing policy that is encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO) has inspired consumers to do contactless activities, including payment transaction. Government authorities in a growing number of countries are taking actions to encourage contactless payments as the COVID-19 pandemic escalates. People are worried that novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov2) can be transmitted through physical money. It drives them to shift to e-wallet. Due to a lack of study on this topic, the present study contributes to the literature by examining the effect of perceived risk, government support, and perceived usefulness on customers’ intention to use e-wallet during COVID-19 outbreak. To give more fruitful insight, another major contribution of this study is investigating the group difference between Indonesia and Malaysia in the overall model. Questionnaires are distributed to the respondents by using a proportional sampling technique. As a result, 259 total respondents from Indonesia and 207 from Malaysia are collected. Both countries are selected because Indonesia and Malaysia can be considered as the two-worst countries in ASEAN affected by COVID-19. The model is tested using PLS-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach. The results show that the effects of government support on the intention to use e-wallets differ between countries. Besides, perceived usefulness fully mediated government support-intention to use e-wallets relationship, and partially mediated the effect of perceived risk on intention to use e-wallets.
... Finally, 697 usable questionnaires were collected after eliminating incomplete questionnaires (net response rate of 85%). Demographic variables such as gender, age, education, job position and work experience were adopted from [74] and were employed to estimate possible response bias. ...
Cloud computing hastens technology driven innovation by taking advantage of the speed, the cost-effectiveness, the efficiency and the security that such applications offer. By using cloud computing, public organizations can exploit the economies of scale and innovate both efficiency and rapidly. The present study focuses on the factors influencing the adoption of a new technological application within the procedures of change management. It examines the willingness to adopt cloud computing for the case of administrative employees in a higher education institute working environment. A prediction model explores a Ubiquitous cloud computing adoption system (USAS), utilizing the theory of technology acceptance model (TAM) and resulting that end users are welcoming the adoption of the cloud computing. Policy makers should move towards empowering the stakeholders with e-skills to stimulate technology driven innovation, resulting in improvements in effectiveness and efficiency, in the creation of new jobs and in the promotion of sustainable development practices.
... All items for all factors loaded more than 0.40. Therefore, all items were considered valid to be used [59]. ...
Genetically edited food utilizes new techniques that may decrease all of the risks associated with genetically modified food, or “GMO” food. Safety and labeling regulations for genetically edited food are still new, and it is challenging for the consumer to differentiate it from conventional food. Although genetically edited food has the potential for reducing the risks associated with the gene introduction process, consumer perceptions toward it are still unclear. The research has compared the regulations governing GMO food and genetically edited food in Japan, Europe, and the United States. We found that the genetically edited food regulations in Japan are the most science-based, in the meaning that genetically edited food products are allowed to be sold without any safety evaluation. Based on the difference among regions, we further studied the potential acceptance level for such products among Japanese consumers, where regulation seemed science-based as policy. To understand the factors that may affect the adoption of genetically edited food among youth in Japan, we utilized the structural equation modeling (SEM) method with 180 surveys of Japanese university students to measure six factors: Knowledge, Attitude Towards Technology, Perceived Benefits, Perceived Risks, Trust, and Willingness to Purchase. The survey was conducted twice with an intervention in the middle to measure the effect of science communication, and we found significant differences when comparing the two datasets. The results of this survey indicate the importance of increasing knowledge and the positive role of science communication in increasing the adoption and trust of biotechnology products, such as genetically edited food.
Sustainable production and consumption are the need of the hour. Adopting the Circular Economy (CE) approach fosters sustainable business practices. Cloud computing is a new way of storage and application deployment. Cloud computing enables sustainable business processes, which in turn contributes towards the effective implementation of the Circular Approach to Business Practices (CABP). The current study aims to understand the potential of cloud computing to foster circular economy practices in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). We conducted a Systematic review of 186 scholarly articles published in Web of Science (WOS), selected using the PRISMA framework. We conducted scientometric analysis on sources, authors and country level and thematic analysis to pinpoint further research areas. This was followed by a detailed literature review of the articles selected to study the concept and current practices of circular economy and an evaluation of its implementation in emerging economies. The paper proposes an integrated framework grounded in two approaches, that is, the Technology, Organization and Environment (TOE) framework and institutional isomorphism as determinants of cloud adoption and CE implementation. The proposed model explores the impact of institutional forces on the various parameters of TOE, thereby culminating in the adoption of Cloud Computing in SMEs. The study would encourage leaders and managers of SMEs to adopt cloud computing for competitive advantage and achieve a circular economy approach together. The adoption of cloud‐based applications has a great potential to foster industrial and economic progress with minimum damage to the ecosystem, furthering sustainability and achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
This study delves into the patterns of adoption of retail internet banking among Malaysian banking consumers. Its primary focus lies in exploring how demographic factors influence the behaviour of banking consumers towards internet banking adoption in this specific area. Employing a quantitative approach, the study conducts a questionnaire survey across various banks. The findings revealed that hypotheses relating to gender, race, income, educational level, and occupation did not yield significant support. However, the hypothesis concerning age exhibited notable support. Consequently, the study underscores the pivotal role of age in shaping the adoption of internet banking among banking consumers. Thus, it is deduced that a discernible relationship exists between age demographics and the uptake of internet banking services. Further analysis suggests that individuals below the age of 25 constitute a significant proportion of the demographic driving the observed differences in adoption rates. Building upon these insights, it can be inferred that younger banking consumers exhibit a greater propensity towards embracing internet banking services. Drawing implications from these findings, it is imperative for retail bankers, to tailor their strategies accordingly to foster greater adoption of internet banking. This might entail the development of targeted initiatives aimed at engaging and catering to the preferences of younger banking consumers. By aligning their strategies with the preferences and behaviours of different age demographics, banks can effectively encourage the uptake of internet banking services and enhance overall customer satisfaction within the retail banking sector.
This study investigated the factors that influence the utilization of digital transactions among micro-business enterprises in General Santos City. The application of e-commerce services has rapidly increased in response to the pandemic. Moving toward business recovery, different types of literature have stressed how important the shift to digital technology is for businesses to thrive in the new normal. This study sought to investigate the factors that influence users' preferences for switching from traditional cash-based transactions to electronic commerce systems. The Push-Pull-Mooring Framework was employed as the research model. A descriptive and correlational analysis was conducted using data from 65 retail and 35 wholesale micro-business enterprises in General Santos City. The results indicated that the respondents’ intention to utilize digital transactions is significantly influenced by one push factor which is the transaction inconvenience, also by pull factors which include economic benefit, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and critical mass, and by mooring factors including trust, perceived security and privacy, and switching costs. To achieve and sustain recovery, assistance, and support for relatively young and small companies might be prioritized in terms of utilizing e-commerce services as well as setting strong policies towards giving aid, especially to micro-business enterprises in developing digital infrastructures and complementing with these strategies is strengthening data privacy and security for these e-commerce services. This study concluded that the advantages that can be obtained from the utilization of e-commerce services, as well as external factors, impose significance on businesses.
The intention of this research is to analyze the actual use of educational app by Chinese students for learning purpose. Based on DeLone & McLean (D&M) this study proposes and tests a research model which analyzes the actual use of educational apps using data collected from the 357 Chinese students. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the hypothesis. Findings specify that information quality, system quality, service quality, mobile self-efficacy, and personal innovativeness is considerably associated to intentions to use educational app which eventually influences actual usage of educational apps. Additionally, trust in educational apps strengthens the connection between intentions to use educational apps and actual use of educational apps by students for learning purposes. However, the perceived risk indicated an insignificant association between intention to use educational apps and actual use of educational apps. This study contributes to DeLone & McLean (D&M) model by examing the moderating role of perceived risk, trust in an educational app.
The examination attempts to analyze consumer loyalty towards internet shopping. Web based shopping offers the best value, great items and totally simple shopping. The achievement of any e-tailor organization in India is dependent upon its ubiquity. Internet shopping has picked up significance in the cutting edge business climate. The advancement of web based shopping has opened the entryway of an opportunity to give an upper hand over firms. Internet shopping has filled in notoriety throughout the years mostly as individuals think that its reasonable for the solace of their home or work environment. In the past, the web keeps a valuable spot inside monetary exercises. Presently people show their advantage on the web.
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tantangan serta kesiapan pedagang pasar tradisional desa adat dalam menerapkan sistem pembayaran non tunai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan lokasi penelitian di Pasar Nyanggelan Desa Adat Panjer. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala pasar, pihak bank dan pembeli atau pedagang di pasar nyanggelan yang pernah menggunakan sistem pembayaran non tunai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kesiapan pedagang pasar nyanggelan dalam menggunakan sistem pembayaran non tunai di dukung oleh program digitalisasi pasar akan tetapi masih banyak pedagang yang belum mengerti menggunakan sistem pembayaran non tunai.
This research is an extension of the innovation resistance theory (IRT). On the basis of the literature review, IRT highlights a set of functional and psychological factors that have direct and simple effects on resistance to internet banking services. Nevertheless, a set of moderating factors, such as gender, were not included in the theory and may challenge the internet banking barriers. Hence, studies on resistance to internet banking in North African countries are scant. Further research on this topic, taking into account the moderating role of gender, may narrow the research gap and provide more insight to the current body of knowledge. In this respect, a quantitative study was conducted face to face on a sample of 250 banking customers. A structural equation modeling method was used to assess the developed research model. The findings keep a set of barriers and reject other barriers that lead to resistance to internet banking. Moreover, the findings show that, regarding some relationships, gender differences play a regulating role in the adoption versus rejection of the internet banking services.
Waste recycling significantly impacts the sustainable development of society and the ecological environment, contributing to a vital role within the waste management hierarchy. This paper presents a research model that investigates the influence mechanism of consumers’ frugality on their recycling intentions. This study collected 420 valid samples to test the model with regression analysis. The empirical results show that consumers’ frugality exerts a direct and positive effect on their recycling intention. Except for the positive direct effect, perceived value mediates the relationship between frugality and recycling intention. Besides, environmental concern strengthens the positive relationship between frugality and recycling intention. The findings of this study can better explain the recycling intention, thereby providing a basis for the government and enterprises to formulate policies and measures to promote recycling behavior.
Students, colleagues, and other members of society are increasingly using digital media. Students utilize digital media for a variety of reasons, including communication, gaming, making new friends, and simply being curious. However, there are some disadvantages to using digital media. Cyberbullying, cyberharassment, and cyberstalking are examples of useful digital media activities that can have a negative impact on digital media users and lead to societal issues. Surprisingly, limited studies have investigated cyberbullying in depth, utilizing a broad and varied sample of Middle Eastern institutions. As a result, the purpose of this study is to fill a research vacuum by questioning students’ use of digital media for cyber involvement. This research aims to create a model for assessing the ethical consequences of behaviors that directly impact students’ psychological health because of their use of digital media. The questionnaire looked at how people used digital media to engage in cyberbullying and cyber engagement, the ethical implications of bullying, and being harassed, stalked, and bullied. The study employed a quantitative questionnaire to collect data to achieve the research goal. It was given to 1012 students who are digital media users. Partial least squares (PLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the data. Considering the empirical data, nearly half of the participants admitted to being harassed, stalked, or bullied on different digital platforms. The evaluation of discriminant validity is a prerequisite factor for examining possible variables’ relationships. The goodness-of-fit index indicates that the model is well-fit. Through the established model, decision-makers and school administration would be able to implement measures that would effectively reduce cyber harassment among students and improve the digital media usage experience.
The purpose of this study is to investigate if students' activities on systems web-based moderate the effect of human-computer interaction (HCI) factors on ease of use and usefulness of e-learning and their success (SS) at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To answer the questions that addressed the relationship between HCI, e-learning acceptance, and SS, the researcher surveyed 103 students from Kadir Has University whose grade and activity logs were accessible. The survey was related to their perceived course webpage design, system and content quality, interactivity, usability and functionality, and self-assessment. The results show that most of the hypotheses of this study have been proven, a comprehensive conceptual model was developed, and the student grades in the online courses improved their GPA. The findings further reveal that students' activities moderate the effects of course environment and content quality on perceived usefulness and the effect of the course evaluation' system on perceived ease of use, where the changes in R ² ranged between 0.041 and 0.074. That means including logs as a moderator would increase the explanatory power of the effect of HCI factors on e-learning acceptance which together explained 54.9% of the variance in perceived success (SS), where U is the strongest determinant of SS.
E-commerce has significantly reshaped consumers’ shopping processes and habits. The need to understand the key drivers of online shopping has received keen attention and fueled a rich strand of studies. To help managers and researchers synthesize this growing body of evidence, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to unearth the factors that influence consumers’ online shopping. Our main takeaways reveal that the most important drivers of online shopping (a) conform to the TAM and TPB theories, in addition to (b) website characteristics and past experience. In particular, the multiple predictors are strongly related to online purchase intentions and purchase behavior, where attitude and convenience show the strongest impact. Furthermore, moderator analyses indicate that cultural traits have specific moderating effects on the links between purchase intention and some of its drivers. For instance, power distance and uncertainty avoidance have a positive effect, while individualism, indulgence and masculinity have a negative one. Finally, we apply meta-analytic structural equation modeling to test a conceptual framework including four groups of drivers (consumer–channel interactions, website characteristics, social influence, and consumer characteristics) and different aspects of online shopping. The findings provide valuable insights for online shopping research and practice.
This study aims to examine the determinants of internet banking services adoption in the Jordanian Islamic banking system. A questionnaire survey was adopted as the research methodology, and 413 completed questionnaires were successfully collected. The obtained data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling Tool (SmartPLS), and the analysis results show that familiarity, IT support, and social influence affect the adoption of internet banking services. In contrast, the factor of need does not affect the adoption.
The aim of this study is to explore social media marketing activities (SMMAs) and their impact on consumer intentions (continuance, participate, and purchase). This study also analyzes the mediating roles of social identification and satisfaction. The participants in this study were experienced users of two social media platforms Facebook and Instagram in Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. We used an online community to invite Facebook and Instagram users to complete the questionnaire in the designated online questionnaire system. Data were collected from 353 respondents, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. Results show that SMMAs have a significant impact on the intentions of users. Furthermore, social identification mediates the relationship between social media activities and satisfaction, and satisfaction mediates the relationship between social media activities and the intentions of users. This will help marketers how to attract customers to develop their intentions. This is the first novel study that used SMMAs to address the user intentions with the role of social identification and satisfaction in the context of Pakistan.
This chapter aims to expose the current situation of the adoption of cloud computing in companies in general and in enterprises of the tourism sector in particular. For this, a review of the literature has been carried out to establish the conceptual framework of technology and of the new economic model that underlies its adoption. Cloud computing is one of the technologies less known to many organizations and especially users, as it is a new technology based on the Internet, through which information is stored on servers, is provided as a service and on clients' demand. Therefore, the main theories of adoption that have been used to explain the different adoption models are presented, as well as, the different solutions that are being used in the tourist industry.
Smaller and mid-sized enterprises in the metal industry often face problems during their sourcing and procurement processes. These problems are caused by the policies of wholesalers, which optimize their business processes by passing on better, i.e. cheaper prices for bulk procurement or even just selling products only in large quantities. These policies mainly confer benefits to big companies and leading to the elimination of small customers who want to order only small amounts of a product. That is the reason why smaller and mid-sized metal enterprises must invest a lot of time to find the right suppliers and to order the right products. To save time and money, there are already a few known approaches like marketplaces and shops. However, these solutions do neither solve the problem of finding the right wholesaler nor do they automate the whole process from order to delivery. This paper focuses on an approach to simplify the sourcing and procurement processes by automating parts of it. To achieve this goal, an automated bot technology is suggested which allows for an easy search for dealers and potential suppliers. The implemented bots will be linked to a web crawler with a matching algorithm to detect relevant offers in the world wide web. All information gathered by the crawler will then be processed automatically to start a request for quotation (RFQ) process. The artificial intelligence starts the RFQ process by (1) analyzing existing offers found in the world wide web with Natural Language Processing (NLP) and (2) generating automated written requests to dealers. The algorithm will additionally help by finding other prospective buyers, i.e. other small or mid-sized companies which are interested in the same product. This enables a group of customers to perform bulk procurement together. This paper discusses the current possibilities as well as the practical implications of the suggested approach.
Frugality is frequently associated with sustainable consumer behavior which contributes to a growing resource saving. In this study, we challenge the prevailing view. Compared to the positive effects of frugality, little work has focused on its negative effects. Thus, this study presents a research model which explores whether and how frugality influence green purchase intention. With data collected from 369 participants, the results report that frugality has a negative effect on green purchase intention. It is significantly mediated by motivation to save. In addition, green concern negatively moderates the relationship between frugality and purchase intention, and that between motivation to save and purchase intention. The study provides a deeper understanding of frugality, and develops an avenue to promote sustainable consumption.
Limited attention has been directed towards understanding the impact of social media in the public sector, particularly in local government organisations. Although social media offer substantial benefits and opportunities to local government, research into the impact of social media remains scant. To address this gap, the authors draw on the technology, organisation, and environment (TOE) framework and propose a model of the determinants of social media impact in local government. The model is tested with data collected via a survey with 173 Australian local government organisations using social media. Data were analysed using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. The results indicate that TOE factors including perceived benefits, perceived security risks, compatibility, and degree of formalisation are important predictors of social media impact in local government.
This study examines the impact of firm resources on ICT adoption by the Turkish business enterprises using firm level data. The data for this study consists of 3633 firms in manufacturing and services sectors. We investigate the effect of firm resources on the adoption of ICT by using ordered logit model. Adoption of ICT is an index variable including four categories which ranges from single technology ownership to four technology ownership. These technologies are local area network (LAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), intranet, and extranet. We assume that these technologies are complementary. We find that firms do not need to use same amount of resources while adopting single technology as they would while adopting complementary technologies. In the adoption of complementary technologies, the effect of firm size, trade openness, human capital, purposes of ICT usage and environmental factors such as region and industry increases. On the other hand, full complementarity among technologies does not require the full exploitation of the firm resources. As a result of inefficient use of firm resources, single and two technology owner firms, which are composed of resource-limited small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), do not accomplish the technology adoption benefits of the three and four technology owners. We discuss a set of policy implications to promote the efficient use of firm resources for single and two technology owner firms. The effect of firm resources on the adoption of complementary technologies is analysed in this study which has not been investigated before in this context.
Digital finance which is facilitated by electronic banking is absolutely paramount for realising the developmental objectives of emerging economies. Success of service innovations in the field of electronic banking depends to a great extent on the perceptions and consumption patterns of the intended users of such services. This paper reports on a study that investigated customers' usage of electronic banking services in a multi‐channel context. As e‐banking usage is found still low, banks have scope for further propagation of technology and reaping its benefits. With the inclusion of technology, banks should not ignore the importance of employees as manual and electronic banking are found complementary to each other. There is still need to make electronic banking simpler and more secured as these are the major inhibitors of complete reliance on electronic media.
With the advent and evolution of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in general, the Internet, in particular, throughout the world, new terms such as “information society,” “digital divide,” and “e-readiness” were added to terminologies. Due to the rapid diffusion of the Internet in different aspects of human life, these concepts have attracted many scholars, practitioners, and policy-makers. In addition to much academic research done in these fields, nearly all countries have assessed their e-readiness and compared their digital divide with that of other countries, at least once. Consequently, there have been numerous e-readiness and digital divide models oriented towards certain objectives in recent years. The findings show (1) tremendous importance of the digital divide and e-readiness and (2) their complex and multi-faceted natures. Thus, effective examination and development of digital divide and e-readiness research requires a foundation in several rich literatures. Examining the e-readiness and digital divide literature in terms of their definitions and methodologies, in the current chapter, their strengths and weaknesses were recognized. Moreover, after an extensive literature survey, an integrated model was proposed for assessing e-readiness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that can be used as the basis and standard for developing comprehensive models and frameworks in these enterprises. Finally, this chapter contributes to scarce literature on e-readiness/digital divide at micro level and creates additional pool of resources that practitioners and theorists could use to further enrich and extend their analysis of this construct.
The increasing utilization of mobile commerce technologies in e-business raises the question of their use in supply chain integration and management. This chapter presents a multiple case study investigation of the adoption of mobile technology in the supply chain. A technology-organization-environment framework of the contextual influences on technological innovation adoption is used to inform an analysis of three companies’ adoption and use of mobile data solutions for sales automation, freight tracking and service support. Analysis of the three case studies found that the relative advantage of the technological innovation and the information intensity of the company were the most important factors influencing adoption. Other factors that appeared to influence adoption included the compatibility of the technology with the company’s business approach, the presence of top management support and the degree of organizational readiness. Environmental factors such as competition within the industry or business partner influence seemed less influential for these pioneers of mobile technology use in supply-side activities.
This study uses the expectation-confirmation model (ECM) to investigate how individuals' cognitive absorption (CA) influences their continued use of mobile Internet services. Data were collected from 946 mobile Internet users. Structural equation modelling was employed to analyse the proposed model and examine the relationships between its constructs. Overall, the model accounted for 55% of the variance in mobile Internet users’ continuance intentions—an element substantially impacted by such factors as perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and CA. Of the factors, CA was found to be the most robust predictor of continuance intention. Alongside confirmation, CA also strongly influenced satisfaction. The findings of this study provide mobile network operators with insights into which determinants will inform retention policies and encourage existing users to continue using the service.
One of the most important applications of mobile banking is SMS banking and due to some reasons including simple access and use and also the ability of use without especial software and hardware, it is one of the first applications of mobile phone in banking. The sample volume was 437 persons that for obtaining more information about 600 questionnaires were distributed in the branches of governmental banks of Rasht city, and 411 questionnaires were received. The variables studied in this research included, speed, mobility access, propaganda, direction, adoption, self-efficacy, perceived cost, perceived risk, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use and intention of use. Establishment of priority for research variables showed that in respondents’ opinion the level of perceived risk was the most important factor and the variables of access speed and self-efficacy were in the next ranks.
In recent years, mobile wallets (m-wallets), a special form of mobile payment, have garnered much attention in various emerging markets. M-wallets were designed to offer customers swiftness, ease of use, efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and accessibility. Despite these benefits, usage intentions and adoption of m-wallets in most emerging markets have been low, and they have not received widespread acceptance. Notably, existing research related to intentions to use (IUs) mobile payments has largely focused on developed economies and mobile payments in general. Additionally, few studies have examined intentions to recommend (ITRs), even though researchers have recognized that word-of-mouth is an important driver of consumer behavior. In the present study, we addressed the lack of specific findings on use and recommendation intentions in the context of m-wallets by conducting a large cross-sectional survey of 1256 smartphone users based on diffusion of innovation theory (DOI). Results revealed that relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, and observability were significantly associated with participants' intentions toward m-wallets. However, trialability had no association with participants’ intentions to use and recommend m-wallets to others.
Economic development of a nation is directly related with the amount of industrial development. The enlargement of industrial sector leads to a larger and proper utilization of natural resources, production of goods and services, creation of employment opportunities and improvement within the general standard of living. India has additionally making efforts to develop the country’s industrial base since independence. It has framed numerous policies geared toward development of industries within the public and private sectors. Special stress has been laid on SSI. SSI plays a key role in the planned development with its benefits of low investment, high potential for employment generation, diversification of the industrial base and dissemination of industries to rural and semi urban areas. P.N.Dhar and H.F.Lydall in introduction to their book, “The Role of Small Enterprise in Indian Economic Development” have ascertained that ‘The promotion of small scale industries has been widely recommended as one of the foremost acceptable means of developing industry in over populated backward countries’,(Ministry of Small Scale Industries , Government of India , 2006).
In a recent paper, Lepper (1985) pointed out that the rapid development of microcomputer technology has provided a unique opportunity to investigate, in vito, the process of technology adoption. This paper summarizes the results of two experiments that were concerned with the responses of "high-tech phobics" to innovative technologies. Previous research has demonstrated that personal efficacy with respect to computers is a strong predictor of subsequent adoption of computer technology. The results of the present research show (a) that the more technologically advanced a product, the more important a factor is personal efficacy in the decision to adopt the technology, and (b) that people low in personal efficacy (as compared to people high in personal efficacy) with regard to computers tend to be more easily persuaded by expert communicators to try an advanced software product.
A review and meta-analysis was performed of seventy-five articles concerned with innovation characteristics and their relationship to innovation adoption and implementation. One part of the analysis consisted of constructing a methodological profile of the existing studies, and contrasting this with a hypothetical optimal approach. A second part of the study employed meta-analytic statistical techniques to assess the generality and consistency of existing empirical findings. Three innovation characteristics (compatibility, relative advantage, and complexity) had the most consistent significant relationship to innovation adoption. Suggestions for future research in the area were made.
The effects of a change in technology on organizational structure and power were investigated in a longitudinal study of the introduction and diffusion of a computerized information system. Employees increased their power and network centrality following the change in technology. In particular, early adopters of the new technology increased their power and centrality to a greater degree than later adopters. Results of cross-lagged correlation analyses suggest that centrality precedes power. While the diffusion process occurred via the network structure, it also imposed changes in the structure. Adoption patterns were found to be more closely related to network structure after the change than prior to the change.
Addresses the centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism (SEM) in human agency. SEM precepts influence thought patterns, actions, and emotional arousal. In causal tests, the higher the level of induced self-efficacy, the higher the performance accomplishments and the lower the emotional arousal. The different lines of research reviewed show that the SEM may have wide explanatory power. Perceived self-efficacy helps to account for such diverse phenomena as changes in coping behavior produced by different modes of influence, level of physiological stress reactions, self-regulation of refractory behavior, resignation and despondency to failure experiences, self-debilitating effects of proxy control and illusory inefficaciousness, achievement strivings, growth of intrinsic interest, and career pursuits. The influential role of perceived collective efficacy in social change and the social conditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy are analyzed. (21/2 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American Psychological Association.
essential to understanding consumer navigation behavior in online environments such as the World Wide Web. Previous researchers (e.g. Csikszentmihalyi 1990; Ghani, Supnick and Rooney 1991; Trevino and Webster 1992; Webster, Trevino and Ryan 1993) have noted that flow is a useful construct for describing more general human-computer interactions. Hoffman and Novak define flow as “the state occurring during network navigation which is: 1) characterized by a seamless sequence of responses facilitated by machine interactivity, 2) intrinsically enjoyable, 3) accompanied by a loss of self-consciousness, and 4) selfreinforcing.” To experience flow while engaged in an activity, consumers must perceive a balance between their skills and the challenges of the activity, and both their skills and challenges must be above a critical threshold. Hoffman and Novak (1996) propose that flow has a number of positive consequences from a marketing perspective, including increased consumer learning, exploratory behavior, and positive affect. Despite its obvious relevance to computer-mediated environments, flow has proven to be an elusive construct to define. Appendix A provides definitions of flow from 16 different studies. As one reads through this list, the phrases listed make intuitive sense, for example: flow is “a holistic sensation where one acts with total involvement, with a narrowing of focus of attention. ” However, the exercise of reading through these phrases in an attempt to define flow can be frustrating. One is not left with a central
Adopters and non-adopters of home computers were contrasted in terms of their demographics, psychographics, and experiences with technical consumer products. Experiences with other computer-related products and services were found to play a major role in movement toward purchase of a home computer. Further, the profile of the adopter appears to be consistent with that of a particular type of creative consumer.
Consumer behavior is changing partly because of more spare time. The way of use of financial services is characterized by individuality, mobility, independence of place and time, and flexibility. Financial transactions caused by purchases will more and more be carried out by non- and near- banks. These facts represent big challenges for providers of financial services. More and more the Internet is considered to be a “strategic weapon”.
For marketing managers in firms whose customers are other firms, and for researchers interested in industrial buying behavior, it would be helpful to understand the process by which firms decide to adopt new products, processes, or practices. This paper develops a framework within which characteristics of the innovating firm, the nature of the innovation, and sources of information can be analyzed as an aid to that understanding.
The article uses the case study of a traveller on the Eurostar between London and Paris who uses her wireless enabled handheld terminal to engage in a number of electronic commerce transactions. Each of the transactions is examined with a view to illustrating at least some of the e-commerce laws and regulations applicable in the circumstances, with an emphasis on the implementation of EU Directives under English law. The article supports the conclusion that the framework for electronic commerce is increasingly complex; but another conclusion that is supportable is that the Directive initiatives are simplifying, by creating uniformity in, the electronic commerce framework in EU Member States.
The ultimate success of new product R&D depends as much on customer acceptance as on technological breakthroughs. In this article, Susan Holak and Donald Lehmann focus on customer acceptance by exploring the manner in which the general attributes of Rogers (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, divisibility and communicability) plus perceived risk combine to form the intention to buy an innovation. Results demonstrate a causal structure among these attributes and lead to various implications for R&D guidelines and product design.
In an attempt to make Singapore an economic power in the post‐industrial information era, the Singaporean government is implementing a series of national computer plans designed to farther the country's efforts to move up the value‐added chain by driving information technology into all sectors of society, these plans can be divided into three distinct phases with the goal of the first phase to computerize the government sector; the goal of the second phase to computerize the country; and the goal of the third phase to turn Singapore into an information society with global connections. In looking at IT (information technology) policy for Singapore, we see that the government has had a high level of involvement in the computerization and informatization of Singapore. The Singaporean government has taken a large participatory role and a smaller but significant regulatory and coordinating role in the development and diffusion of information technology throughout the country. While production and use of IT started out as equal priorities, over time the emphasis has shifted to promoting IT use as a means of increasing the competitiveness of all sectors of the economy. The government has played a strong role in developing the necessary IT infrastructure and maintaining a favorable investment climate to attract IT producers and sophisticated IT users to the island. Ironically, it is the strong government participation that has taken Singapore so far so fast, and which might now be a constraint to reaching the next logical stage of development.
A variety of models that incorporate attitudinal, social, and control factor have been advanced to explain IT usage, of which the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is the most well know. One goal of such models is to develop diagnostic tools to predict information systems acceptance and facilitate design changes before users have experience with a system. However, empirical tests of these models have generally focused on either systems that were already in use by the study participants, or systems that the participants were familiar with, such as word processing packages and spreadsheets. Given this, it is unclear (1) whether models such as TAM are predictive of behavior for inexperienced users and, more importantly, (2) whether the determinants of IT usage are the same for experienced and inexperiened users of a system.
This article proposes that a Diffusion of Innovations framework, popular in many disciplines, can be used as a theoretical basis for examining the underlying forces driving both End User Computing and Office Automation. It reviews how these two phenomena are currently being treated in the literature, and how, although they appear to be quite similar both in definition and application, they have quite different viewpoints of the users' acceptance of information technology. The article suggests that the difference in these viewpoints is more one of perception than substance. The diffusion of innovations framework is then reviewed and some modifications to one of the more popular models are suggested.
There has been much publicity about the Internet around the world. However, much of the extant research on the Internet has been carried out in Europe and America. There is a dearth of published studies on the Internet in the Asian context. This study examines the differential effects of age on usage and perceptions of the Internet in an Asian country, namely Singapore. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey placed on the World Wide Web. One thousand three hundred sixty-nine usable responses were received. These responses were divided into groups according to the age of respondents and analyzed using ANOVA. Results showed that age has some effects on usage patterns, perceived usefulness, activities performed, and factors affecting an enjoyable Internet experience. Implications of the results are discussed.
The Internet has experienced tremendous growth worldwide. However, very little empirical research has been done to examine the phenomenon of businesses adopting the Internet. This study uses a contingency model to examine factors influencing Internet adoption. A questionnaire was used to survey 500 companies in Singapore, and 188 usable responses (37.6 percent) were received. The results revealed that organizational and technological factors, rather than environmental factors, play a significant role in Internet adoption. Implications of the results are discussed.
This paper presents the growth of Singapore as a city state under colonial rule and traces the meteoric rise of its information sector. The first part documents the various telecommunications investments in Singapore and the role of information in the production and distribution processes contributing to the overall growth of GNP. The second part analyzes the impact of Multinational Corporations on the new division of labour which leads to skill formation. Despite the ownership and control vesting in the hands of the government, information technology has progressed rapidly in the island republic creating an infrastructure for the enhancement of global services like banking, finance, and the SIMEX. The paper concludes with a look at the prospect of entropy and shows that it will not affect Singapore as it did other big cities in history because the country keeps abreast of technology and preserves its cutting edge on competition and survival
Singapare has become one of the Asian dragons, or newly industrializing economies (NIEs), and aspures tobecome a developed country over the next lap of 30-40 years. Its economic restruchuring to become an intelligent' city-state thrwing on manufacturing cum-services is spported by entigtened human resource development which has hanessed infosrmeation technology and telecommunications (IT&T). The success of Singapore as an intelligent city' is not only driven by companies but also bu clear-sighted govenmnent stratgies. In the next lap, IT&T is envisaged as upgrading the quality of life too.
Singapore's vision of a smart city or the ‘intelligent island’ is becoming a reality at the turn of the millennium. With the recent launch of Singapore ONE (One Network for Everyone), a nationwide broadband high‐speed network, it will deliver interactive, multimedia applications and services to every home, school and office in Singapore. Today, the provision of the one‐stop non‐stop business and government services; on‐line shopping, cyberbanking and stock trading; and the virtual college and library are some implementations of the island's IT initiatives. Singapore's readiness to brave the cyberworld is the result of its concerted efforts to embrace information technology and communications as important milestones to boost its economic structure since the early 1980s. Like any developments of physical infrastructures that have tremendous impact on the nation's ability to succeed, the nationwide information infrastructure was strategically planned and implemented to support the emerging electronic commerce and cybersociety.
Virtual banking is broadly defined in this paper as the provision of banking services via means other than traditional physical branches. Currently, virtual banking exists in the forms of ATM, phone banking, home banking and Internet banking. Understanding people's adoption intention of virtual banking can help financial institutions to formulate appropriate marketing strategies for new forms of banking. Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and innovation diffusion were used to study the adoption intention of virtual banking in a well-developed international financial city. The study finds that the relationships were found only partially explained by the TPB. Other results are interesting and useful for the strategic planning of IT in banking.
Even though user participation in information system development has long been considered to be a critical factor in achieving system success, research has failed to clearly demonstrate its benefits. This paper proposes user involvement as an intervening variable between user participation and system use. Embedding the constructs of participation and involvement into the theoretical framework of Fishbein and Ajzen, a model is developed and tested in a field study of information system projects. Several key findings emerge from the study. User participation and user involvement represent two distinct constructs, with participation leading to involvement, and involvement mediating the relationship between participation and system use. The critical dimension of user participation is overall responsibility. The role of user participation and involvement is different, depending upon whether system use is mandatory or voluntary.
Based on the innovation and technological diffusion literatures, promising research questions concerning the implementation of a production and inventory control information system (material requirements planning: MRP) are identified and empirically examined. These questions focus on the interaction of managerial tasks with the information technology and the resulting effect on the adoption and infusion of that technology.
Using a random sample of manufacturing firms across the United States, we find that this interaction does indeed affect the adoption of MRP, though it does not seem to affect MRP infusion. These results support the notion that though rational decision models may be useful in explaining information technology adoption, political and learning models may be more useful when examining infusion.
This study focuses on both intrinsic (i.e. perceived enjoyment) and extrinsic (i.e. perceived usefulness) motivation for the use of the Internet. An electronic Webpage survey was used to collect the data required for this study. A total of 1370 usable responses were obtained. Results indicated that local Internet users used the Internet mainly because they perceived the Internet to be more useful to their job tasks and secondarily, because it is enjoyable and easy to use. Findings demonstrated that while perceived usefulness had consistently strong effects on all usage dimensions (frequency of Internet usage, daily Internet usage and diversity of Internet usage), perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment affected each specific usage dimension differently.
Electronic shopping systems offer new horizons in vendor marketing, customer convenience, and overall market efficiencies. Information networks can gather thousands of vendors and millions of customers into an information-rich marketplace that serves both their perspectives. Unfortunately, existing electronic shopping systems provide a vendor/customer dialectic that offers low product differentiation and comparability. This limits market efficiency and results in negative experiences for both vendors and customers. We propose a functional architecture for a new generation of electronic shopping infrastructures to dramatically improve vendor representation and customer navigation. This design reshapes the vendor/customer dialectic by providing higher levels of both product differentiation and comparability. A prototype implementation of the architecture is described.
With the rapid expansion of the Internet, there are a number of initiatives underway for the creation of a secure cost-effective payment system which will be able to support growing commercial activities on the network. Although electronic payment systems for large payments have been in operation for some time, rapidly expanding volumes of foreign exchange and securities trading are increasingly at variance with the requirements for a cost-effective and efficient electronic payment system for making low value payments. Current progress in establishing such payment systems on the Internet is examined. The paper argues that the ultimate vision could be for a truly global and virtual marketplace requiring completely new institutional and legal structures and having a similarly profound impact on economic life to the medieval trade fairs which emerged in Europe in the 12th century.
Consumers as well as businesses wary of exposing secret financial data through the Internet's frail protection select from numerous patchwork security options incorporating protocols that may or may not turn out to be adopted as standards.
This paper discusses the role of individuals' beliefs about their abilities to competently use computers (computer self-efficacy) in the determination of computer use. A survey of Canadian managers and professionals was conducted to develop and validate a measure of computer self-efficacy and to assess both its impacts and antecedents. Computer self- efficacy was found to exert a significant influence on individuals' expectations of the outcomes of using computers, their emotional reactions to computers (affect and anxiety), as well as their actual computer use. An individual's self-efficacy and outcome expecta- tions were found to be positively influenced by the encouragement of others in their work group, as well as others' use of computers. Thus, self-efficacy represents an important individual trait, which moderates organizational influences (such as encouragement and support) on an individual's decision to use computers. Understanding self-efficacy, then, is important to the successful implementation of systems in organizations. The existence of a reliable and valid measure of self-efficacy makes assessment possible and should have implications for organizational support, training, and implementation.
Focuses on business firms in Singapore, identifying the industries in which the Internet is being used for business. These firms are early adopters in the local environment where use of the Internet for business is a new phenomenon still, and they provide information about their Internet experience in terms of their use, perceptions, and the problems encountered. Finds that companies in seven major industries lead in the business use of the Internet in Singapore: computer and information technology; hospitality; manufacturing; travel; retail; publications; and banking and finance. Most of the survey respondents use the Internet for marketing and advertising, customer service and support, information gathering, and, to a lesser degree, electronic transactions. The respondents’ perception of the attributes of the Internet are largely positive. The problems encountered by the respondents include difficulty in locating information, rising costs of Internet use, and security.
Financial services is undergoing a period of unprecedented change - new products, new entrants, mergers and acquisitions, downsizing … and now another new delivery channel: the Internet. The performance attributes of the Internet are related to both the needs of consumers and the nature of financial services products. Suggests loans, cross-border services, payments and “knowledge/advice” as areas of opportunity in the early development of this new marketplace. Explores scenarios for the future development of “bancassurer” offerings and for electronic commerce as a whole. Draws on some of Hyperion’s recent experience in helping to launch electronic commerce services on the Internet, reengineering of financial institutions and electronic cash, to suggest approaches for organizations wishing to participate in this new “marketspace.” While businesses can now begin to develop strategies for exploiting cyberspace, argues that existing organizational structures may be inappropriate.
This paper reports on the development of an instrument designed to measure the various perceptions that an individual may have of adopting an information technology (IT) innovation. This instrument is intended to be a tool for the study of the initial adoption and eventual diffusion of IT innovations within organizations. While the adoption of information technologies by individuals and organizations has been an area of substantial research interest since the early days of computerization, research efforts to date have led to mixed and inconclusive outcomes. The lack of a theoretical foundation for such research and inadequate definition and measurement of constructs have been identified as major causes for such outcomes. In a recent study examining the diffusion of new end-user IT, we decided to focus on measuring the potential adopters' perceptions of the technology. Measuring such perceptions has been termed a "classic issue" in the innovation diffusion literature, and a key to integrating the various findings of diffusion research. The perceptions of adopting were initially based on the five characteristics of innovations derived by Rogers (1983) from the diffusion of innovations literature, plus two developed specifically within this study. Of the existing scales for measuring these characteristics, very few had the requisite levels of validity and reliability. For this study, both newly created and existing items were placed in a common pool and subjected to four rounds of sorting by judges to establish which items should be in the various scales. The objective was to verify the convergent and discriminant validity of the scales by examining how the items were sorted into various construct categories. Analysis of inter- judge agreement about item placement identified both bad items as well as weaknesses in some of the constructs' original definitions. These were subsequently redefined. Scales for the resulting constructs were subjected to three separate field tests. Following the final test, the scales all demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability. Their validity was further checked using factor analysis, as well as conducting discriminant analysis comparing responses between adopters and nonadopters of the innovation. The result is a parsimonious, 38-item instrument comprising eight scales which provides a useful tool for the study of the initial adoption and diffusion of innovations. A short, 25-item, version of the instrument is also suggested.
Two methods were employed in this study of the use of the World Wide Web by business: first, a sample of 300 businesses with Web sites, across a wide range of industry types, was examined, by selecting (rather than sampling) companies from the Yahoo! directory. The sites were investigated in relation to several areas - the purpose of the Web site, the use being made of electronic mail and the extent to which multi-media was being utilised. In addition, any other aspects of the site which were designed to make it more interesting to potential customers were also noted. Secondly, an electronic-mail questionnaire was sent to 222 of the 300 companies surveyed: that is, those that provided an e-mail address for contact. 14 were returned immediately due to unknown addresses or technical problems. Of the remaining 208, 102 replies were received, five of which were of no relevance, leaving 97 completed questionnaires to examine; a response rate of 47%, which is surprisingly good for a survey of this kind.
This paper empirically examines the effects of discriminatory fees on ATM investment and welfare, and considers the role of coordination in ATM investment between banks. Our main findings are that foreign fees tend to reduce ATM availability and (consumer) welfare, whereas surcharges positively affect ATM availability and the different welfare components when the consumers’ price elasticity is not too large. Second, an organization of the ATM market that contains some degree of coordination between the banks may be desirable from a welfare perspective. Finally, ATM availability is always higher when a social planner decides on discriminatory fees and ATM investment to maximize total welfare. This implies that there is underinvestment in ATMs, even in the presence of discriminatory fees.
Two studies are reported that apply diffusion theory to two new consumer products. The research objective in both studies was to discriminate buyers from nonbuyers using the personal characteristics of respondents and their perceptions of each new product and thereby also to assess the relative importance of the predictor variables. In both studies perceptual variables are found far more successful as predictors of the purchase outcome than respondent personal characteristics.
The present article presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of per- sonal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of ob- stacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from four principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. The more de- pendable the experiential sources, the greater are the changes in perceived self- efficacy. A number of factors are identified as influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arising from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and be- havioral changes. Possible directions for further research are discussed.
This study reports the results of an “online” census of the number and character of the publicly-accessible World Wide Web sites of Fortune 500 companies. The results indicate that approximately 25% of the companies have Web sites. In accord with popular opinion, the sites are used primarily as the electronic equivalent of an annual report (first-level effect). The census also indicates that virtually none of the sites offer new ways or forms of doing business (second-level effects)
Internet Waits in Wings for Banking Dinosaurs The Independent
- J Warner
Warner, J. " Internet Waits in Wings for Banking Dinosaurs, " The Independent,
August 17, 1996, p.17.
Banking on the Internet: New Technologies, New Opportunities and New Risks
- G Ternullo
Ternullo, G. " Banking on the Internet: New Technologies, New Opportunities and
New Risks, " Boston Regional Outlook, Second Quarter, 1997
(http://www.fdic.gov/index.html).
Establishing an Internet-Based Banking Servicehtm; access must be requested from Tower Group)
- Tower Group
Tower Group. " Establishing an Internet-Based Banking Service, " 1996
(http://www.towergroup.com/pages/notes/v10/v10_015R.htm; access must
be requested from Tower Group).
The Direct Banking Challenge
- V Lagoutte
Lagoutte, V. " The Direct Banking Challenge, " Unpublished Honours Thesis, Middlesex University, 1996.