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Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of individuals' beliefs about their abilities to competently use computers (computer self-efficacy) in the determination of computer use. A survey of Canadian managers and professionals was conducted to develop and validate a measure of computer self-efficacy and to assess both its impacts and antecedents. Computer self- efficacy was found to exert a significant influence on individuals' expectations of the outcomes of using computers, their emotional reactions to computers (affect and anxiety), as well as their actual computer use. An individual's self-efficacy and outcome expecta- tions were found to be positively influenced by the encouragement of others in their work group, as well as others' use of computers. Thus, self-efficacy represents an important individual trait, which moderates organizational influences (such as encouragement and support) on an individual's decision to use computers. Understanding self-efficacy, then, is important to the successful implementation of systems in organizations. The existence of a reliable and valid measure of self-efficacy makes assessment possible and should have implications for organizational support, training, and implementation.
... On the other hand, individual characteristics, such as technical self-efficacy, play a crucial role in influencing attitudes and behaviors toward work events and new technologies (Chang et al., 2024). Technical self-efficacy is a crucial individual trait that indicates a person's confidence and ability to perform specific technical tasks (Compeau & Higgins, 1995). This self-efficacy significantly influences the acceptance of new technologies, with limited research on AI technology contexts (Cao et al., 2022). ...
... Technical self-efficacy, an individual's judgment of their technology skills, significantly influences their emotional responses to AI-related stressors, according to the AET (Compeau & Higgins, 1995)."Affect is a crucial mechanism that links events to attitudes and behaviors (Li et al., 2020). This study employs Affective Events Theory (AET) to delve into the intricate interplay between emotions, attitudes, and behaviors in work situations. ...
... Individuals with increased confidence in learning new technologies and completing work tasks can transform challenges into opportunities for personal growth and personal value (Kim Y Lee, 2021). Employees with poor technical self-efficacy, on the other hand, feel less capable and require more confidence when faced with challenges (Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Stressors related to technology are seen as challenges that can be overcome by people with higher technical self-efficacy, which lessens negative emotions like AI anxiety . ...
This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence awareness (AIA) on employees' job engagement (EJE) in the hotel industry, focusing on the mediating role of job insecurity (JI) and the moderating role of technical self-efficacy (TSE). Drawing on the Expectancy theory and Affective Events theory, the study proposes a mediated moderation model and tests it using PLS-SEM on a sample of 390 full-time employees from five-star hotels in Egypt. The results confirm that AIA negatively influences EJE and positively influences JI, while JI negatively influences EJE and mediates the AIA→EJE relationship. Furthermore, TSE negatively moderates the AIA→JI relationship, mitigating the negative impact of AIA on JI. The findings highlight the importance of addressing employees' AI-related concerns and leveraging their technical self-efficacy to maintain job engagement and security in the face of technological disruptions. The study contributes to the literature by extending the application of the Expectancy theory and Affective Events theory to the context of AI adoption in the hotel industry and offers practical implications for hotel managers and HR professionals.
... CSE examines the ability of human beings to use computers. Compeau & Higgins, the pioneers of Computer Self-efficacy, defined CSE as an individual's perceptions about his or her ability to use a computer to perform a computing task successfully (Compeau & Higgins, 1995;Hasan, 2003). Marakas et al. further added CSE also affects his or her intentions toward future use of computers (Marakas et al., 1998). ...
... However, the roots of Computer Self-efficacy are deeply grounded in the Self-efficacy theory of the eminent Social Psychologist Bandura (Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Bandura first presented the idea of Self-efficacy in his Social Cognitive Theory in 1977 (Compeau & Higgins, 1995;Gallagher, 2011), which was in turn the result of his Social Learning Theory (Mobley et al., 2008). ...
... However, the roots of Computer Self-efficacy are deeply grounded in the Self-efficacy theory of the eminent Social Psychologist Bandura (Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Bandura first presented the idea of Self-efficacy in his Social Cognitive Theory in 1977 (Compeau & Higgins, 1995;Gallagher, 2011), which was in turn the result of his Social Learning Theory (Mobley et al., 2008). He believed Self-efficacy is the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcomes (Bandura, 1977;Brady, 2012). ...
The spreading use of technology will have repercussions on individuals’ Self-understanding and their belief in themselves concerning technology. Psychologists have studied these two major phenomena under the title Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy. Multiple papers have been published on Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy but minimum research has been explored concerning the association between Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy. This paper is a maiden effort to study the association of Self-actualisation and Computer Self-efficacy among academicians of professional courses. An online and offline survey was carried out where the Self-actualisation Scale prepared by Kaufman (2018) and the Computer Self Efficacy Questionnaire curated by Teo & Ling Koh (2010) was administered to the participants. The data was analysed using mean, standard deviation, standard error, and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. The results supported the preposition of a previous study, which suggested a relationship between technical competency and self-actualisation by placing technical competency under D-needs and Self-actualisation under B-needs of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Further exploration of the outcome was done concerning academicians followed by educational implications.
... With the emergence of the information age, researchers have applied self-efficacy theory to information technology education and proposed the concept of computer self-efficacy (CSE), a sub-concept of self-efficacy. Compeau and Higgins (1995) defined CSE as an individual's self-assessment of their ability to use a computer to solve problems and handle situations successfully; they suggested that CSE is not an evaluation of an individual's past ability to complete computer tasks, but a prediction of their future performance. CSE has three primary dimensions: magnitude, generalizability, and strength. ...
... Teacher support Emotional support Sakiz (2012) Autonomous support Sha (2020) Stage 2: Focus on the Learner's Subjective Experience Compeau and Higgins (1995) introduced a novel measure of CSE that aimed to evaluate learners' confidence in their abilities to complete computer-related tasks. This CSE measurement consisted of 10 items that gauged learners' confidence levels on a scale of 1-10 across hypothetical situations, including items that assessed both operational skill and task difficulty, thus combining magnitude and strength. ...
... This CSE measurement consisted of 10 items that gauged learners' confidence levels on a scale of 1-10 across hypothetical situations, including items that assessed both operational skill and task difficulty, thus combining magnitude and strength. By concentrating on the psychological factor of learner self-efficacy, Compeau and Higgins (1995) developed a CSE measurement method that went beyond previous measures that focused solely on computer tasks. This stage marks a shift in focus toward the subjective experience of the learner rather than the computer tasks themselves. ...
Exploring the relationship between teacher support and students' learning engagement in high school information technology courses can help improve students' learning ability. The researchers took 246 high school students from a city in China as the research subjects and used structural equation modeling to explore the relationship between teacher support and learning engagement in high school information technology courses from the perspective of computer self-efficacy. The results show that teacher support, computer self-efficacy, and learning engagement are positively correlated. Teacher support has a positive effect on information technology learning engagement, and computer self-efficacy plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between teacher support and information technology learning engagement.
... Self-efficacy has been proven crucial in consumers' perceptions of computer/information technology (Bandura, 2014). According to Compeau and Higgins (Compeau & Higgins, 1995), the basic notion of computer self-efficacy is defined as "people's assessments of their skills to run a computer system successfully." According to Rahimpour et al. (2008), system self-efficacy is genuinely relevant and should be linked with TAM to develop a more comprehensive model framework for analyzing telemedicine acceptance. ...
... The measurements of the variables are based on past research. Social cognitive was adopted from Compeau & Higgins (1995) using eight items. Social capital measurement was acquired from Mohseni & Lindstrom (2007) using five items. ...
Pupose: This paper investigates the acceptance of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic using an integrated framework of social cognitive theory, social capital, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Method: The research employs a quantitative method through online surveys. The findings indicate that: 1) Self-efficacy is associated with the perception of ease of use of telemedicine. 2) Social capital is related to both the perceived ease of use and usefulness of telemedicine. 3) The turbulent pandemic situation strengthens the intention to use telemedicine. This study collect 155 respondents and use partial least square for testing hypothesis. Result: All of hypothesis in this research are supported. The results suggests that the implementation of telemedicine should consider social capital, social cognitive aspects, and TAM.
... Performance expectancy is the learners' perception of utilizing a particular technology to achieve the anticipated goal (Arain et al., 2019;Cheng and Yuen, 2020). This construct has been originated from perceived usefulness from TAM/TAM 2 (Davis et al., 1989), extrinsic motivation from Motivational model (MM) (Davis et al., 1992), job fit from Technology Task Fit (TTF) (Thompson et al., 1991), relative advantage from Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) (Moore and Benbasat, 1991), and outcome expectations from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (Compeau and Higgins, 1995;Compeau et al., 1999). Several lines of evidence assert PE as the strongest predictor of the behavioral intention (Alghazi et al., 2021;Md Yunus, Ang and Hashim, 2021). ...
... The measurement items for the construct's PE, SI, FC, EE and BI were adopted from (Venkatesh et al., 2003(Venkatesh et al., , 2012) that were verified as valid and reliable and were measured retrospectively. SE measurement items were obtained from the Compeau and Higgins (1995) study. Learning Style was assessed using the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (KLSI), which measures the degree to which individuals display different learning styles originating from experiential learning theory. ...
Considerable research has analyzed the drivers influencing the adoption behavior of online learning systems. However, learners with different learning styles approach learning differently. With the escalation in online learning systems, assessing the impact of learning style on the intention to use online learning systems has become the need of the hour. Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model, the study examined the factors influencing learners' intention to use online learning platforms based on their learning styles (Convergent, Divergent, Accommodator, and Assimilator). For the quantitative research, data was collected by administrating an online questionnaire with a sample of 448 learners. Partial least squares structural equation modelling and multi-group analysis based on Smart PLS version 4 was used to conduct path and multi-group analyses. The study’s results reveal that behavioral intention toward adopting online learning platforms was impacted by effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, and learner self-efficacy. However, the association between social influence and behavioral intention was not supported for the learners regardless of the learning style. Henseler’s based multi-group PLS analysis study results revealed that there is no significant variance between the learning style comparisons; nevertheless, it is still crucial to consider the learning styles of the learners as there are definite group variances in the order in which each construct for online learning adoption intention is ranked within each subpopulation. Further, insight into the various indicators that drive learners' intention to use online learning platforms with diverse learning styles will aid educators and online marketers in using online learning platforms for learning more efficiently.
... Computer self-efficacy is defined as individuals' beliefs in their capabilities to effectively use computers and related technologies (Compeau & Higgins, 1995), plays a pivotal role in shaping students' engagement with social media applications. As the use of social media becomes increasingly ubiquitous among students, understanding the relationship between computer self-efficacy and social media usage is essential. ...
... Research indicates a strong correlation between computer self-efficacy and academic performance. Studies by Compeau and Higgins (1995) and ...
... As conceptualized by Bandura (1997), self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to achieve desired outcomes through specific actions. Specifically, computer self-efficacy refers to an individual's subjective assessment of their ability to use digital media in the classroom (Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Given its predictive value for teachers' future digital media use behaviors, identifying relevant determinants of computer self-efficacy is critical (Prestridge, 2012). ...
... This has a positive influence on computer self-efficacy. According to Compeau and Higgins (1995), high computer self-efficacy among teachers leads to increased confidence in using media in the classroom. This can help teachers overcome personal barriers and support the process of digital change. ...
Despite increased investment in digital infrastructure and devices and the acceleration of digital transformation in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers in Germany still need to gain the pedagogical beliefs and personal skills to effectively use digital media. Their self-efficacy in using computers plays a crucial role in overcoming prevailing barriers. Therefore, it is essential to identify relevant determinants of teachers' computer self-efficacy, as this predicts their future behavior when using digital media in their classrooms. This paper identifies critical factors in managing school digitalization. Specifically, our findings indicate that information quality, principal support, and learning culture are crucial contextual factors influencing computer self-efficacy. By contrast, resistance to change and digitalization anxiety are personal factors mediating the influence of teachers' attitudes. Our findings provide insights that can be applied to create supportive learning environments and face the challenges of insufficient professionalization in the digitalization of teachers in German schools.
... A person is more likely to undertake a certain behavior when he/she expects it to produce desired consequences. Outcome expectations can be classified into two sub-dimensions: performance and personal expectations (Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Performance outcome expectations (OEs) are those concerned with job-related outcomes ("improvements in job performance") and physical effects (Compeau,et al.,p. ...
... Personal OEs are consumers' beliefs that they will experience self-satisfaction from using self-checkouts or that that peers will favorably acknowledge their use of self-checkouts. Previous studies have shown that computer self-efficacy significantly affects outcome expectations of using computers, which in turn are significantly associated with actual computer usage (Compeau & Higgins, 1995;Compeau et al., 1999). Thus, self-efficacy is likely to affect outcome expectations for using self-checkouts. ...
... Interestingly, while self-efficacy's influence on goal-congruent outcomes was not supported (H7a), it significantly predicted both usage (H7b) and, albeit marginally (p < 0.1), subscription intention (H7c). These results suggest that self-efficacy plays a pivotal role in how frequently professionals use ChatGPT and their likelihood to subscribe, resonating with Compeau and Higgins (1995) who posited self-efficacy as a key determinant of technology utilization. The findings highlight the nuanced role of self-efficacy in the adoption and sustained use of AI technologies like ChatGPT, especially its direct impact on usage frequency and subscription intentions. ...
... The findings highlight the nuanced role of self-efficacy in the adoption and sustained use of AI technologies like ChatGPT, especially its direct impact on usage frequency and subscription intentions. This enriches the discourse on technology acceptance models by emphasizing self-efficacy as a critical, though complex, determinant of technology utilization and commitment, extending the framework of Compeau and Higgins (1995) into the realm of AI-driven platforms. Developers and managers should prioritize user training and support mechanisms to enhance self-efficacy among ChatGPT users. ...
Purpose
This study examines the key determinants of subscription intentions for ChatGPT Plus (paid version) in business settings, focusing on tasks such as system quality, information support, service quality, perceived intelligence, goal-congruent outcome and self-efficacy.
Design/methodology/approach
The study utilized a survey of office workers, analyzed through structural equation modeling, to explore these determinants.
Findings
The results demonstrate that system quality, service quality and perceived intelligence significantly influence satisfaction, while service quality and perceived intelligence also impact goal-congruent outcomes. Contrary to traditional models, satisfaction does not significantly correlate with usage. Instead, a significant relationship is observed between goal-congruent outcomes and usage. Self-efficacy emerges as a crucial predictor of subscription intentions, further underlined by the significant impact of usage on subscription intention.
Research limitations/implications
The study’s focus on office workers and a single artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot type may limit generalizability. Its findings illuminate several avenues for future research, particularly in diversifying the context and demographics studied.
Practical implications
This research offers actionable insights for businesses and practitioners in the implementation of AI chatbots. It highlights the importance of enhancing system quality, personalization and user confidence to boost subscription intentions, thereby guiding strategies for user engagement and technology adoption.
Originality/value
This study pioneers in investigating subscription intentions towards AI chatbots, particularly ChatGPT, providing a novel framework that expands upon traditional user behavior theories.
... Attitudes have been shown to be a determining factor of behaviors in several technology acceptance models (Ajzen, 1991;Compeau & Higgins, 1995;Thompson et al., 1991). According to Teo (2006), teachers' attitudes towards ICT use have a considerable impact not only on the success of ICT integration in teaching but also on the sustainable future use of ICT, a claim which has been supported by other studies on the topic (Albirini, 2006;Al-Zaidiyeen et al., 2010;Huang & Liaw, 2005). ...
... This study examined the reliability of the instrument discussed above while obtaining the preliminary results regarding the participants' attitudes towards ICT use in EFL classes and exploring the effects of their demographic characteristics (e.g., age, teaching experience, school area, and job status) on their attitudes. A large body of literature has shown that teachers' attitudes play a crucial role in the implementation of ICT in teaching (Ajzen, 1985;Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980;Compeau & Higgins, 1995;Moore & Benbasat, 1991;Thompson et al., 1991). There are a large number of instruments that have been developed to measure teachers' attitudes towards technology use (Christensen & Knezek, 2009;Gressard & Loyd, 1986;Raub, 1981;Reece & Gable, 1982), yet many of them were constructed at the time when more attention was paid to the significance of the use of computers in teaching and learning. ...
One of the main goals set by the Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) for the 2022-2025 period is to extensively revamp Vietnam’s educational system in a way that teaching and learning in a digital environment plays a fundamental role in daily classroom activities. The present study aims to pilot the instrument developed by Christensen and Knezek (2009) to measure teachers’ attitudes towards computers and to examine EFL teachers’ attitudes toward ICT use at primary schools in Vietnam. To achieve the aims of the research, 202 EFL teachers were randomly recruited to complete the 73-item questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated to examine the reliability of the instrument. In addition, several further analyses were conducted to explore teachers’ attitudes towards ICT use in EFL teaching. The findings suggest that the instrument is adequate, reliable, and valid, and that EFL teachers revealed strong interest, low anxiety, low avoidance, and high awareness of the usefulness of ICT use in teaching as well as its role in young learners’ language development. The results showed that teaching experience and job status impact EFL teachers’ attitudes towards ICT use while age and school locations do not. Future research is encouraged to clarify teachers’ neutral attitudes towards online interaction as well as their ignorance regarding the negative impacts of ICT use.
... Perceived self-efficacy significantly impacts motivation and behaviour (Igbaria & Iivari, 1995). Computer self-efficacy, according to Compeau and Higgins (1995), indicates "an individual's views about his or her competence to utilize a computer in the execution of a task, rather than reflecting mere component expertise." In order to discover whether internet efficacy has a major influence on digital library usage, this study attempted to investigate if internet efficacy has a significant effect on digital library usage. ...
... In order to discover whether internet efficacy has a major influence on digital library usage, this study attempted to investigate if internet efficacy has a significant effect on digital library usage. Limited research has looked at self-efficacy as another explanatory variable for an individual's usage of IS (Compeau & Higgins, 1995;Igbaria & Iivari, 1995). Igbaria and Iivari (1995) investigated the influence of computer self-efficacy on computer use. ...
The technological era has revolutionized education, making it accessible to all. Malaysia's government introduced E-Study Public Sector (EPSA) as an online learning platform for government servants, but user feedback and satisfaction remain uncertain. A study involving 226 civil servants from the Ministry of Health found moderate learning satisfaction using EPSA. Inferential analysis using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed a significant relationship between perceived ease of use, self-efficacy, and web design and content quality, except for perceived usefulness. The results suggest that e-learner satisfaction factors must be considered for continuous usage intention and organizational technological innovation.
... UTAUT was formulated through a review and synthesis of eight theories/models. These eight theories/models are Fishbein and Ajzen's [49] theory of reasoned action (TRA), TAM, the motivational model (MM) [50,51], the theory of planned behavior (TPB) [52,53], Taylor and Todd's [54] combined TAM and TPB, Thompson et al.'s [55] model of personal computer utilization (MPCU), Rogers' [56] innovation diffusion theory (IDT)/diffusion of innovation (DOI), and social cognitive theory (SCT) [57,58]. UTAUT contains moderating (or indirect) effects (i.e., gender, age, experience, and voluntariness of use), but they are not usually examined in the literature as the previous studies intended to obtain findings that could be applicable to any gender and any age, and as expected, there was not much difference in the experience of using such a new form of blockchain technology and the voluntariness of use as the users were supposed to use the technology which had been adopted in their organizations. ...
Inspired by the discontinuation of the blockchain platform TradeLens, co-developed by IBM and Maersk, due to the lack of the involved supply chain stakeholders’ adoption, a critical literature review on the models of supply chain stakeholders’ adoption of blockchain applications was conducted. This review is significant as it provides insights into the exploration of a more universal approach to investigate which factors really influence blockchain adoption, which is a pre-requisite for the technical sustainability of blockchain technology in supply chains. As observed in the review, the technology acceptance model (TAM), the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) are frequently used in the literature, but little attention has been paid to whether blockchain technology fits the users’ tasks in understanding blockchain adoption in the supply chain. Among the technology adoption theories, task–technology fit (TTF) considers whether a technology fits the tasks, but only two previous studies involved the use of TTF. This study discusses the suitability of these existing models of technology adoption for blockchain applications in supply chains and comes up with a new unified model, namely TOE-TTF-UTAUT. This review also has implications for a more appropriate conceptual research design using mixed methods.
... At the time of the UTAUT's development, many technology adoption theories and frameworks existed. The development of the UTAUT involved testing 18 constructs from eight prominent technology adoption models, including (a) the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1977), (b) the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1991), (c) the combined-technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior (TAM-TPB; Taylor & Todd, 1995), (d) the motivational model (Davis et al., 1992), the innovation of diffusion theory (Rogers, 2003), (f) the social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986;Compeau & Higgins, 1995), (g) the technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989), and (h) the model of PC utilization (Thompson et al., 1991). The UTAUT explained about 70% of the variance in individual technology adoption (Venkatesh et al., 2012). ...
Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to evaluate the application of UTAUT and UTAUT2 frameworks in K-12 education. Background: This study included an analysis of peer-reviewed empirical studies that use the UTAUT and UTAUT2 frameworks to understand the factors that influence technology adoption among K-12 educators. New constructs were identified, and core determinates of the models were studied. Methodology: The researchers used a systematic literature review. Inclusion criteria required articles to be written in English, non-duplicate, peer-reviewed, focused on K-12 educators, and employing quantitative methods to test or extend the UTAUT or UTAUT2 models. We used a strategic search string to conduct standardized searches across multiple databases in education, psychology, business, engineering, and multi-disciplinary publications. We conducted a screening process on the initially identified 98 articles. We kept 14 articles for final analysis, as they met the inclusion criteria. Contribution: This study contributes to the fields of (a) information science, (b) information technology (IT), and (c) education by offering a more detailed analysis and understanding of the use of UTAUT and UTAUT2 in studying technology adoption among K-12 educators. Findings: The results show performance expectancy and social influence are the most used core factors. A total of 27 new variables were identified and organized into a taxonomy. Discrepancies in the application of the models were identified and further discussed. The use of UTAUT and UTAUT2 in K-12 education is minimal. Recommendations for Practitioners: Findings inform stakeholders in education (e.g., directors of technology operations, administrators, educators) and educational technology businesses (e.g., software engineers, interface and content designers, and user experience designers) how to create and integrate products that fit the true needs of the end-users. Technology must align with the tasks needed to accomplish educational objectives (performance expectancy), and certain environmental conditions are needed to support technology usage. Educators should also be aware their decisions regarding technology adoption are influenced by social factors, such as their superiors and peers. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers need to conduct more studies using UTAUT and UTAUT2 within K-12 education. It is likely that teachers are influenced by their students, although little research exists to study this relationship through the lens of these models. Moreover, consideration should be given when renaming variables, using certain relationships, and developing research models. Impact on Society: Findings support our understanding of educational technology adoption, which benefits our education system, especially teachers and students alike, when done successfully. Future Research: Future research should include a meta-analysis exploring the statistical extent of relationships and new variables identified.
... For example, the evaluation of psychological distance might yield conflicting values related to high-level and low-level construals, particularly in scenarios where cognitive tendencies, such as analytic vs. holistic thinking styles, predominate, as observed in consumer contexts (Monga and John, 2007). Similarly, when considering technological cognitive styles, variables like technological reflectiveness (Andrade-Valbuena and Torres, 2018), technological optimism (Parasuraman, 2000), technological selfefficacy (Compeau and Higgins, 1995), technological anxiety, and social influences on technology adoption (Venkatesh et al., 2003) could be taken into account in future research. ...
This research investigates how entrepreneurs perceive the hypothetical nature of technologies (based on situations that are often imagined or theoretical) as a foundation for entrepreneurial endeavors and how this perception influences the formation of business Opportunity Beliefs. Drawing on the Construal Level Theory, we explore the relationship between the perceived hypotheticality of technologies and Opportunity Beliefs. Two experimental studies are conducted to examine these relationships, with Study 1 ( n = 177 entrepreneurs) focusing on the perception of innovative technologies as more distant or hypothetical, and Study 2 ( n = 404 entrepreneurs) delving into how the perceived distance to technology influences Opportunity Beliefs. The results indicate that entrepreneurs view more innovative technologies as more hypothetical and that hypotheticality mediates the relationship between the perceived degree of innovation and Opportunity Beliefs. We find evidence that Entrepreneurs tend to view the feasibility and fit/alignment of business opportunities more favorably when they perceive the psychological distance (hypotheticality) of the opportunity as closer rather than more distant. However, the difference this difference is nonsignificant in how they evaluate the desirability of the opportunity in any psychological distance. These results provide insight into the cognitive processes of entrepreneurs and offer implications for understanding how entrepreneurs perceive and evaluate business opportunities.
... The finalized experiment setup is composed as follows: At the beginning of each wave, participants obtained onboarding materials (Sect. 6.3.1 of the Supplementary Material) in which they are introduced to the app and answered demographic questions, Computer Self-Efficacy (adapted from Compeau and Higgins (1995); Thatcher et al. (2008) as performed in Sun et al. (2019)) and Personal Innovativeness in IT (adapted from Agarwal and Karahanna (2000) as performed in Sun et al. (2019)) questions. ...
Organizations have to adjust to changes in the ecosystem, and customer feedback systems (CFS) provide important information to adapt products and services to changing customer preferences. However, current systems are limited to single-dimensional rating scales and are subject to self-selection biases. The work contributes design principles for CFS and implements a CFS that advances current systems by means of contextualized feedback according to specific organizational objectives. The authors apply Design Science Research (DSR) methodology and report on a longitudinal DSR journey considering multiple stakeholder values by utilizing value-sensitive design methods. They conducted expert interviews, design workshops, demonstrations, and a four-day experiment in an organizational setup, involving 132 customers of a major Swiss library. In the process, the identified design principles and the implemented software artifact were validated qualitatively and quantitatively, leading to conclusions for their efficient instantiation. The authors found that i) blockchain technology can afford four design principles of effective CFS. Also, ii) combining DSR with value-sensitive design methods explicitly provides rationale for design principles in the form of identified important values. Moreover, iii) combining DSR with value-sensitive design methods makes the construction of software artifacts more efficient it terms of design time by restricting the design space of a software artifact to those options that align with stakeholder values. The findings of this work thus extend the knowledge about the design of CFS and offer both researchers a theoretical contribution to reasoning about design principles and managers and decision makers a guide for the efficient design of software artifacts.
... " In the context of this study, SE can be defined as the belief or confidence of the students in their own cell and tissue culture skills in both the actual and virtual environment. Unsurprisingly, SE was discovered to influence one's BI to use technology, as depicted by Compeau and Higgins (1995). However, as mentioned by Fussell and Truong (2022), the influence exerted by SE on BI yielded mixed results. ...
The high cost of establishing a cell and tissue culture facility has denied students an opportunity to practice proper aseptic techniques during their studies. An in-house application named AsepticTech Virtual Reality (VR) was developed to simulate a cell and tissue culture facility for students to train their aseptic techniques virtually. However, the performance gain associated with the application will be limited by the student’s willingness to use the application. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the driving factors behind students’ intention to use AsepticTech VR. A total of 55 biomedical undergraduates were granted access to AsepticTech VR. After using the application, the students completed a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire. It measures seven latent constructs that are believed to influence the students’ behavioral intention to use the application, namely Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Attitude Towards Use (ATU), Behavioral Intention (BI), Perceived Enjoyment (PENJ), Perceived Health Risk (PHR) and Self-Efficacy (SE). The questionnaire was preliminarily evaluated on its validity and reliability using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Composite Reliability (CR), and Cronbach’s alpha. Subsequently, the interactions between the seven latent variables were analyzed via path analysis. Findings of the path analysis suggested that ATU is the most influential factor on BI, followed by PENJ and SE. In turn, ATU was positively and significantly influenced by PENJ, whereas PHR exerted a significant negative influence on ATU. This study revealed that enjoyment and comfort are the principal factors influencing students’ acceptance of AsepticTech VR. This study also identifies other determinants that influence users’ acceptance of AsepticTech VR and paves guidance for the future development of the application.
... The measurement items tapping the theoretical constructs were developed based on an extensive literature review. They were adapted from Compeau and Higgines, 88 Lu et al., 52 Martinez et al., 89 Moore and Benbasat, 61 O'Reilly and Chatman, 90 Rho et al., 47 Sandberg et al., 75 Whitten et al., 85 Vandenberg et al., 91 and Ventakash and Davis, 53 thus satisfying content validity. The sources of the items in the survey questionnaire are displayed in Table 3. ...
Background
The Malaysian healthcare system is under strain due to an aging population, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and heavy workloads among physicians. As costs and requirements continue to rise, telemedicine is critical for bridging gaps in supply and demand. However, there are limited studies on telemedicine adoption among Malaysian physicians. Furthermore, the existing literature on telemedicine adoption does not contain a comprehensive framework that integrates the multidimensional social influence, and technological, clinical, and individual factors.
Objective
This research investigates the adoption of telemedicine among Malaysian physicians. It draws from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Kelman's Social Influence Theory.
Methods
A survey was conducted among 230 participants in hospitals located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
Results
The study identified crucial factors influencing telemedicine adoption, including informational influences, rewards, perceived ease of use, and usefulness. Meanwhile, the Importance-performance Map Analysis (IPMA) identified perceived ease of use as the most important factor for physicians, but the highest performance was patient’s records.
Conclusions
The proposed integrated model enhances the understanding of telemedicine adoption and highlights the differential effects of individual, technological, clinical, and multidimensional social influence factors from the physicians’ perspective. The findings can guide future studies and influence implementation strategies for telemedicine promotion in the Malaysian healthcare context. Hospitals should prioritize user-friendly technology and information provision, while telemedicine providers should enhance the accessibility of patient records to facilitate telemedicine adoption. Policymakers should consider supporting training programs that will boost physicians’ confidence in effectively utilizing telemedicine.
... Untuk menjelaskan kesiapan mahasiswa untuk mengadopsi pembelajaran online, penelitian ini mengadopsi lima dimensi yang dikemukakan oleh Hung et al. (2010), lima dimensi ini dibangun berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya yaitu computer and internet self-efficacy oleh Compeau & Higgins (1995), learner control oleh Shyu & Brown (1992), self-directed learning oleh Garrison (1997), motivasi untuk belajar online oleh Ryan & Deci (2000) dan online communication self-efficacy oleh Li et al. (2014). ...
[Online Learning in Chemistry Education Study Programs: Student Readiness Surveys] Kesiapan mahasiswa merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran daring. Studi ini mengeksplorasi kesiapan mahasiswa untuk pembelajaran daring di Prodi Pendidikan Kimia UIN Walisongo Semarang. Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain penelitian survei dengan instrumen Online Readiness Scale (OLRS) yang valid dan reliabel. OLRS memiliki lima aspek yaitu efikasi diri dalam penggunaan komputer, kemandirian dalam belajar, pengendalian diri, motivasi, dan efikasi diri dalam komunikasi secara online. 90 mahasiswa terlibat dalam survei kesiapan mahasiswa ini. Hasil pengisian angket dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Media pembelajaran online yang paling sering digunakan mahasiswa adalah E-Learning dan Whatapps Group. Mahasiswa memiliki tingkat kesiapan tertinggi dalam dimensi efikasi diri pada komputer dan internet, diikuti oleh kemandirian dan motivasi untuk belajar. Sedangkan yang terendah adalah efikasi diri pada komunikasi online dan pengendalian diri. Tantangan terbesar yang mereka hadapi saat belajar online adalah konektivitas internet diikuti dengan data broadband yang terbatas. Hal ini dapat dijadikan evaluasi dalam penyelenggaraan pembelajaran online di Pendidikan Kimia UIN Walisongo Semarang
... Performance expectancy: several studies confirm that users are likely to adopt technology if they perceive it as useful and promoting favorable outcomes [22]. Further, in the context of innovation or new technology adoption, extant literature confirms the positive relationship between performance expectancy and behavioral intentions [23]. ...
Limited understanding exists regarding the involvement of digital technologies in population and housing censuses (PHCs) or national housing survey (NHS) due to the historical dominance of paper-and-pencil interviewing (PAPI). To address this gap, this study investigates the adoption of digital census methods in Ghana's PHC using mixed-methods approach. The qualitative analysis identified challenges related to household surveys, including political interference, inadequate remuneration for census officers, financial constraints, and difficulties with software upgrades and GPS access. These inhibitors can be categorized into individual, technological, environmental and administrative factors. Quantitative findings revealed that performance expectance, social influence, facilitating conditions and organizational influence significantly influence field officers’ intention to use digital census tools. Given the nascent research on digital technologies in the NHS, the empirical findings from this study provide a valuable foundation for informing their use in various countries.
... This brief and improved version known as the STAM has four constructs including attitudinal beliefs, control beliefs, anxiety and health situation. The attitudinal beliefs and control beliefs are largely in line with that of traditional TAMs (Cimperman et al., 2016;Compeau & Higgins, 1995). The attitudinal beliefs construct includes attitude toward using PU in traditional TAMs. ...
... The survey questions and their sources are presented in Table 1. Despite the widespread English fluency among the general population in the UAE, the initial instruments were rendered into Arabic through the expertise of a qualified translator proficient in many Technology self-efficacy Users' perception of their capabilities to use a system to conduct tasks and achieve intended outcomes 5 (Compeau and Higgins, 1995) Government support The role of government-related authorities in promoting and encouraging the implementation and usage of technology 4 (Amin et al., 2011) Source: Prepared by the authors for this research JIMA languages. The Arabic version was subsequently retranslated into English by another qualified multilingual translator. ...
Purpose
The rapid global use of Financial Technology (FinTech), an innovative and advanced technology, is leading to the replacement of traditional financial services. Despite this, consumers in the United Arab Emirates are still not accepting FinTech services as anticipated. This study aims to investigate the barriers preventing consumers from using FinTech services in the banking industry based on the technology-organisation-environment (TOE) framework and anchored by the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT).
Design/methodology/approach
The current study used an exploratory sequential mixed-method design. A purposive sample was used to conduct preliminary semi-structured interviews with ten banking practitioners. These interviews aimed to explore the obstacles that hinder consumers from adopting FinTech services. To provide further empirical validation, the conceptual model has been systematically examined through a quantitative cross-sectional online survey encompassing a sample of 332 bank customers.
Findings
The qualitative investigation highlighted six new barriers to the usage of FinTech based on TOE’s model attributes. Through quantitative data analysis, the preliminary qualitative findings were primarily verified. It was discovered that self-efficacy, electronic word-of-mouth, system quality and bank image substantially influence consumers to use FinTech services, in addition to performance expectancy and facilitating conditions. Meanwhile, IT features and governmental support were found to have insignificant effects. Yet, government support was found to have a positive moderating role in strengthening social influence and system quality towards customer use of FinTech. Thus, the research supports the UTAUT and TOE models’ fitness for explaining FinTech usage with high predictive relevance.
Originality/value
This study is the authors’ pioneering effort to propose a comprehensive research framework that integrates the UTAUT and TOE models to tackle the limited adoption of FinTech services among consumers. Moreover, the study specifically examined the moderating influence of government support to propose an integrated model. Remarkably, this study is one of the initial attempts to investigate the adoption of FinTech using a mixed-methodology approach by incorporating quantitative and qualitative methods within a single inquiry to yield more comprehensive and insightful findings than research that relies on a single method.
... In the area of IS research, researchers have been interested in exploring the relationship between the adoption of technology and individuals' behavioral intention, as evidenced by the numerous studies and technology acceptance models available in the literature. Existing research has developed several models to explain technology acceptance, such as the TAM (Davis et al., 1989), the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), the theory of planned behavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991), the innovation diffusion theory (IDT) (Moore and Benbasat, 1991), and the social cognitive theory (SCT) (Compeau and Higgins, 1995). Among them, TAM has been the guiding paradigm for explaining user acceptance processes of IS in a variety of contexts over the past few decades. ...
Purpose: The Internet of Things (IoT) offers substantial potential for improving efficiency and effectiveness in various applications, notably within the domain of smart construction. Despite its growing adoption within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, its utilization remains limited. Despite efforts made by policymakers, the shift from traditional construction practices to smart construction poses significant challenges. Consequently, this study aims to explore, compare, and prioritize the determinants that impact the acceptance of the IoT among construction practitioners.
Design/methodology/approach: Based on the integrated model of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2), Task-Technology Fit (TTF), and perceived risk. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 309 construction practitioners in China, and the collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses.
Findings: The findings indicate that TTF, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, facilitating conditions, and perceived risk exert significant influence on construction practitioners’ intention to adopt IoT. Conversely, social influence and habit exhibit no significant impact. Notably, the results unveil the moderating influence of gender on key relationships – specifically, performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit – in relation to the behavioral intention to adopt IoT among construction practitioners. In general, the model explains 71% of the variance in the behavioral intention to adopt IoT, indicating that the independent constructs influenced 71% of practitioners’ intentions to use IoT.
Practical implications: These findings provide both theoretical support and empirical evidence, offering valuable insights for stakeholders aiming to gain a deeper understanding of the critical factors influencing practitioners’ intention to adopt IoT. This knowledge equips them to formulate programs and strategies for promoting effective IoT implementation within the AEC field.
Originality/value: This study contributes to the existing literature by affirming antecedents and uncovering moderators in IoT adoption. It enhances the existing theoretical frameworks by integrating UTAUT2, TTF, and perceived risk, thereby making a substantial contribution to the advancement of technology adoption research in the AEC sector.
... Earlier investigations have demonstrated the influence of self-efficacy particularly on the perceived utility and perceived ease of use of technology in a broad sense (Kulviwat et al., 2014), including applications in health informatics (Tsai, 2014). Moreover, it has been proposed by Compeau and Higgins (1995) that the predictive efficacy of the self-efficacy construct can be enhanced by contextualizing it through a domain-specific measure, as opposed to its generic manifestation. A substantial number of previous studies (Bilgrami et al., 2020;Tang et al., 2019;Deng & Liu, 2017) have proved that individuals possessing elevated levels of self-efficacy exhibit affirmative intentions to adopt telemedicine applications, thereby facilitating effective disease management. ...
In the rapidly evolving landscape of healthcare, the integration of cutting-edge technologies has become pivotal for enhancing patient care, optimizing operational efficiency, and driving overall advancements in the field. However, the successful adoption of these technologies hinges upon the acceptance and utilization by healthcare stakeholders, particularly patients. Unraveling the complexities of technology acceptance in the healthcare domain necessitates a nuanced understanding of the underlying factors that shape individuals' attitudes and behaviors towards technology. This paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of the support factors that influence health technology acceptance. To explore these drivers (variables), 5 study hypotheses were made using the PSL-SEM model based on a developed questionnaire. The obtained results suggest that systemic support for the development of ICT in healthcare has a stronger positive impact on patients' intention to use ICT than professional support. On the other hand systemic support does not affect patients’ self-efficacy unlike professional support.
... Self-efficacy is defined as the confidence of an individual in their ability to perform actions necessary to succeed in a particular situation (Bandura, 1977). In the technology context, computer self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in his or her capacity to use computers to accomplish tasks (Compeau and Higgins, 1995). Similarly, internet selfefficacy relates to a perception that an individual can successfully utilize the internet to undertake a required course of action (Eastin and LaRose, 2000). ...
The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a shift to online learning in many institutions-as a standard practice. Factors influencing its efficacy affect student behavior and future intentions. A cross-sectional study in Vietnam over 2 years assessed changes in student attitudes towards online learning from 2020 to 2021. Data gathered through online surveys, included 161 participants in 2020 and 395 in 2021 (total of 556 students), and were analysed using structural equation modeling. Results indicate perceived enjoyment (PE) as the primary factor influencing online learning intentions, with perceived usefulness (PU) gaining significance from 2020 to 2021. This shift suggests a transition in student mindsets towards online learning. Hence, institutions should adapt courses to optimize both enjoyment and utility, embracing technological evolution.
... Semakin tinggi tingkat inovasi pengguna, semakin besar kemungkinan pengguna tersebut mencoba fitur baru dan mencampurkan dan mencocokkan fitur sistem yang relevan dengan tugas (misalnya, dengan mengganti beberapa fitur yang ada dengan fitur baru, menggabungkan fitur, atau menemukan cara baru untuk menggunakan fitur tertentu untuk tugas yang tidak dimaksudkan untuk digunakan (Chow et al., 2012). Computer Self Efficacy mengacu pada keyakinan pengguna terhadap kemampuannya untuk mengoperasikan teknologi telemedisin, hal ini sendiri dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil yang lebih baik pada pekerjaannya (Compeau et al., 1995;Ozturk et al., 2016). Dalam penggunaan teknologi ini berkorelasi dengan keyakinan pengguna tentang kemampuan dirinya untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan teknologi terbaru. ...
The presence of telemedicine plays a vital role in the healthcare system of developing countries, as it can facilitate access to healthcare services, especially in remote areas. However, various factors can influence the performance of online medical advisors on telemedicine platforms. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the performance of online medical advisors on telemedicine platforms. The variables under investigation include personal innovativeness with information technology (IT), computer self-efficacy, habits, and e-leadership. These four variables will be treated as independent variables. Mediating variables consist of exploitative use of telehealth technology, virtual organizational commitment, and the dependent variable is virtual care performance, also known as virtual healthcare service performance. This research is conducted using a quantitative approach with an online questionnaire instrument. Data analysis is performed using multivariate techniques, specifically Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The research results indicate that all four independent variables under investigation have a positive influence on virtual organizational commitment.
... Venkatesh and Davis (2000) revealed that self-efficacy determines perceived ease of use before and after a hands-on experience with a system. Crucially shaping an individual's emotions and actions (Compeau & Higgins, 1995), self-efficacy has been identified as a significant predictor of perceived usefulness and ease of use in numerous studies, such as those by Hsu et al. (2009) and Macharia and Pelser (2014). ...
Aim/Purpose: This study aims to explore factors influencing engineering students’ acceptance of the Google Classroom platform in communication skills courses to ensure more active engagement and better performance. Background: In response to the underutilization and hesitancy in adopting educational technologies, this study investigates the factors influencing engineering students’ acceptance of Google Classroom in a Middle Eastern university. Despite the potential benefits of such technologies, their integration faces challenges due to cultural factors and resistance from educators and students alike. Methodology: The study utilized a Technology Acceptance Model-based questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to 140 engineering students to analyze the acceptance of Google Classroom. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling with Smart PLS, focusing on critical constructs like ease of use and perceived usefulness. Limitations due to the sample size and single-institution scope are acknowledged, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Contribution: This study outlines practical steps for educators to enhance learning by fostering a user-friendly environment and supporting student proficiency with technology. It highlights the importance of policies encouraging educational technology adoption and urges developers to focus on user-centered features. Additionally, the study calls for collaboration among educators, policymakers, and developers to create engaging and compelling learning experiences. Findings: Findings unveil the significant impact of user satisfaction on perceived ease of use and usefulness, subsequently influencing attitudes. Furthermore, the study identifies the substantial influence of subjective norms and attitudes on intentions and the consequential impact of intentions on self-perception of academic success. Recommendations for Practitioners: The study advocates for educators to cultivate a motivating environment that fosters active engagement with the Google Classroom platform by raising students’ satisfaction and positive attitudes. Recommendation for Researchers: The study encourages further investigation into the long-term effects of technology integration on students’ academic performance and learning outcomes and exploration of additional variables or moderators that may influence technology acceptance in educational settings. Impact on Society: By understanding the factors influencing engineering students’ acceptance of Google Classroom, educators can better integrate technology into communication skills courses, potentially improving student engagement and academic performance and preparing students for success in a technologically driven society. Future Research: Longitudinal studies tracking students’ technology adoption patterns over time would also contribute to understanding the sustained impact of technology integration on educational practices and outcomes.
... There are many rigorous attempts to explain individual behavior toward ICT adoption/usage: the Technology acceptance model (Davis, 1989), the Motivational model (Davis et al., 1992), the Model of PC utilization (Thompson et al., 1991), Innovation diffusion theory (Moore & Benbasat, 1991), and Social cognitive theory (Compeau & Higgins, 1995). Venkatesh et al. (2003) integrate elements of previous models to formulate the so-called Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). ...
Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the vital resources for entrepreneurs as they start and develop new ventures. Therefore, it is important to understand the ICT adoption patterns of individuals. In particular, recent research has emphasized the differences between specific entrepreneurial orientations (such as humane entrepreneurship) or those based on gender. The aim of this chapter is to help understanding the role of a humane orientation in the intention to use ICT by taking into account gender differences as well. This is done through the adoption of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and the concept of humane entrepreneurship. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to estimate the proposed model. The study sample consists of 1229 individuals living in Spain. The data have been collected through surveys. Based on the results, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence have a positive and significant effect on the intention to use ICT. Furthermore, the humane orientation positively affects the ICT use intention of individuals. The results also show that this latter effect is more prominent for women. Based on these results, policies and programs should be implemented to support and fund women’s humane entrepreneurial projects, since they are more likely to adopt ICT as an instrument. The inclusion of humane constructs in entrepreneurship education can help the emergence of new ventures that can produce technological solutions to global challenges. Additionally, ICT training for entrepreneurs can stress the UTAUT constructs such as performance benefits and ease of use to increase ICT use intention.
... Again, the UTAUT model posits that managers are often more likely to engage in a given behavior when they expect to obtain some positive rewards from it (Bandura, 1977). Given the possibility of such rewards, managers have a high predisposition to develop positive attitudes and liking towards the given behavior (Compeau and Higgins, 1995) Therefore, consistent with TAM and UTAUT, PE is included as a predictor of the intention to adopt digitalization, to the extent that SME owners are more likely to implement a technology when they expect that this innovation will generate positive productivity impacts (Soong et al., 2020). Moreover, some empiricist and technological researchers have stated that PE is the strongest predictor of the intention to use a particular system or technology (Cheng, 2019), and may represent a fundamental component in the decision of SMEs to adopt a digital system. ...
The article examines digitalization adoption in European SMEs using an extended UTAUT model. It finds significant factors influencing adoption intentions across different cultural contexts. The study, conducted with owner-managers from the Czech Republic and Slovakia, suggests no significant differences between the two countries. Recommendations include enhancing technology performance and providing adequate infrastructure.
One of the funded resources for this article was the EU project 101071300 Sustainable Horizons (HORIZON).
... Self-efficacy is "an individual's perception of his or her ability to use a technologically innovative product," according to Compeau and Higgins (1995). Self-efficacy is a factor in how easily and effectively something is seen to be used. ...
This research explores consumer resistance to smartphone innovation in the Erbil/Iraq, uncovering several significant findings. The main goal of the study was to identify the consumer characteristics that influence this resistance and its implications. For smartphone manufacturers, marketers, representatives, and researchers, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior and resistance to technological progress. The results can guide targeted strategies to overcome barriers, improve product development, and increase market share. The study contributes to our understanding of innovation resistance in the unique context of the Erbil/Iraq, highlighting the importance of conducting thorough investigations in similar circumstances. In light of the findings of the demographic survey, a significant portion of respondents were young people, supporting the widely held belief that young individuals are more likely to adopt new technology. However, the study emphasizes that age is not the sole determinant of resistance to innovation. The diminished impact of income, marital status, and gender on resistance indicates a complex interplay of factors. Conversely, a higher level of education was associated with a greater likelihood of embracing smartphone innovation. The study delved into various aspects of innovation and revealed that self-efficacy, motivation, complexity, perceived risk, and expectations of a superior product all significantly influenced consumer resistance. Resistance showed a negative correlation with self-efficacy as a psychological trait, suggesting that individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy were less resistant to smartphone innovation. Conversely, higher levels of complexity, perceived risk, expectations of a better product, and motivation were linked to increased resistance, highlighting the crucial role of behavioral and psychological characteristics in shaping consumer attitudes towards innovation. Relative advantage did not appear to have a significant influence, while compatibility and attitudes towards current products were deemed insignificant predictors of resistance. These findings underscore the intricate nature of innovation resistance and demonstrate that socio-demographic traits alone are insufficient as predictors. Consumer resistance is largely shaped by psychological elements such as self-efficacy, motivation, expectations, complexity, and perceived risk.
... Self-efficacy is a highly domain-specific construct (Bandura 2006). For example, previous empirical research has focused on Internet self-efficacy (Marakas, Johnson, and Clay 2007), computer self-efficacy (Compeau and Higgins 1995), or gamers' selfefficacy (Sharma et al. 2020;Shaw, LaRose, and Wirth 2006) amongst others. Self-efficacy regarding robotic technologies has been developed as a useful and unique construct, mostly due to the social presence, manipulation, and perception of abilities of robotic technologies compared to other technologies, such as phones or computers (Pütten and Bock 2018). ...
... self-efficacy (CSE) is the degree of subjective assessment of the ability to perform a certain task or carry out training with the help of a computer [7] facilitating conditions (FC) the degree to which a person believes that there are organizational and technical resources to optimize the use of technologies [29] In general, Scherer R., Siddiq F. and Teo T. in their work [21] showed that the described variables can be used to describe the effort that is required to use the technology, and therefore is closely related to their beliefs about competence. ...
Nowadays, the use of the latest IT technologies for educational purposes at milk processing enterprises is at a low level. That is why, to study the motives that have a significant impact on the intention to use technology in the process of training specialists of various directions and levels, a study was conducted based on one of the milk processing enterprises of the western region. The methodology of the analysis was based on the concept of TAM, 32 specialists of various services of the milk processing enterprise in the western region of Ukraine, who are engaged in personnel training in addition to the job, took part in the survey. To obtain primary data, a questionnaire was developed based on literature data of similar studies. The analysis includes testing for the adequacy of the data and the research model – the relationship between the six research elements. The obtained data indicate a relatively low level of confidence in the effectiveness of using computer technologies during corporate training, and the indicator of internal motivation or personal intentions (PI) is the lowest of all values - 3.44. Thus, it can be assumed that such data are related to certain internal beliefs of each member of the group of interviewed employees of the enterprise. To test this assumption, multiple-cause modeling (MIMIC) was used to assess whether there are correlations in respondents' intrinsic motivation with their age and level of education. The calculated coefficients will make it possible to assess the presence of a direct influence of these two variables on the level of employees’ motivation, and their value can be interpreted as the possible presence of an additional factor i.e. the presence of a degree or its absence, as well as the difference in the age of the respondents. The obtained results of the statistical analysis established a correlation between motivation and higher education among employees, indicating that the presence of a specialist or master's degree increases the probability of using computer technologies in the learning process. This is probably related to the use of electronic learning technologies in the programs of their training at the university. Thus, it is obvious that in order to increase the use of IT technologies in the process of corporate training, it is necessary to form among the company's employees computer literacy skills necessary for life in modern society and to develop the ability to use the latest technologies for searching, analyzing, using and transmitting information.
... When individuals are more confident in their ability to complete a task, they are more willing to choose and stick to completing the task. Numerous studies [56][57][58] have shown a significant positive correlation between an individual's self-efficacy and behavioral intention and performance, as has been observed in studies related to driver behavior, such as intention to use a self-driving car [59][60][61] and driver speeding behavior [31,55]. The current study therefore incorporates self-efficacy into the research model, and in the context of real-time control, self-efficacy describes the confidence of bus drivers in their ability to respond to and comply with instructions [62]. ...
Developing intelligent bus control systems is crucial for fostering the sustainability of urban transportation. Control instructions are produced in real time by the bus control system; these are important technical commands to stabilize the order in which buses operate and improve service reliability. Understanding the behavioral intention of bus drivers to comply with these instructions will help improve the effectiveness of intelligent bus control system implementation. We have developed a psychological model that incorporates decomposed variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and other influencing variables to explain the micromechanisms that determine bus drivers’ behavioral intention to comply with real-time control instructions during both peak and off-peak-hour scenarios. A total of 258 responses were obtained and verified for analysis. The results showed that the influential factors in the peak- and off-peak-hour scenarios were not identical. Female drivers had greater off-peak-hour behavior intention to comply than male drivers, and there were significant differences in peak-hour behavior intention among drivers of different ages. In both peak and off-peak-hour scenarios, perceived benefit positively and perceived risk negatively affected behavioral intention. Perceived controllability positively affected behavioral intention only during peak hours. Self-efficacy only negatively affected behavioral intention during off-peak hours. Three antecedent variables (i.e., trust, mental workload, and line infrastructure support) influenced drivers’ behavioral intentions indirectly via the decomposed variables of TPB. These results provide profound insights for the improvement and implementation of real-time control technology for bus services, thereby facilitating the development of smart and sustainable urban public transport systems.
... Moreover, self-efficacy significantly impacts how individuals set goals, face challenges, and overcome obstacles, being a key element for motivation and human behavior (Bandura, 1977). This concept is relevant not only in educational contexts, where its direct relationship with performance and student motivation has been demonstrated (Pajares, 1996;Zimmerman, 2000), but also in the adoption and adaptation to new technologies, introducing the term "computer self-efficacy" (Compeau and Higgins, 1995). ...
Background
Individual beliefs about one’s ability to carry out tasks and face challenges play a pivotal role in academic and professional formation. In the contemporary technological landscape, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is effecting profound changes across multiple sectors. Adaptation to this technology varies greatly among individuals. The integration of AI in the educational setting has necessitated a tool that measures self-efficacy concerning the adoption and use of this technology.
Objective
To adapt and validate a short version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-6) for self-efficacy in the use of Artificial Intelligence (GSE-6AI) in a university student population.
Methods
An instrumental study was conducted with the participation of 469 medical students aged between 18 and 29 (M = 19.71; SD = 2.47). The GSE-6 was adapted to the AI context, following strict translation and cultural adaptation procedures. Its factorial structure was evaluated through confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA). Additionally, the factorial invariance of the scale based on gender was studied.
Results
The GSE-6AI exhibited a unidimensional structure with excellent fit indices. All item factorial loads surpassed the recommended threshold, and both Cronbach’s Alpha (α) and McDonald’s Omega (ω) achieved a value of 0.91. Regarding factorial invariance by gender, the scale proved to maintain its structure and meaning in both men and women.
Conclusion
The adapted GSE-6AI version is a valid and reliable tool for measuring self-efficacy in the use of Artificial Intelligence among university students. Its unidimensional structure and gender-related factorial invariance make it a robust and versatile tool for future research and practical applications in educational and technological contexts.
... UTAUT was formulated through a review and synthesis of eight theories/models. These eight theories/models are Fishbein and Ajzen's [49] Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), TAM, the Motivational Model (MM) [50,51], Theory of Planned Behavior [52,53], Taylor and Todd's [54] Combined TAM and TPB, Thompson [57,58]. UTAUT contains moderating (or indirect) effects (i.e. ...
This study presents a critical literature review on the models of users' adoption of blockchain applications in supply chains. This review pertaining to blockchain technology adoption by supply chain stakeholders is significant as it is a pre-requisite for the technical sustainability of blockchain technology in supply chains. Through a critical literature review, the previous studies related to technology adoption models were analyzed to explore practices brought about by blockchain applications for supply chain management. This study examined the suitability of the existing models (e.g., the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, task technology fit (TTF), unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)) of technology adoption for blockchain applications in supply chains and came up with a new unified model, namely, TOE-TTF-UTAUT. This review provides implications for a more appropriate research design using mixed methods. When adopting the TOE-TTF-UTAUT model in a study, two phases of research using mixed methods can be performed. The first phase is an exploratory sequential design in which a qualitative approach to explore the TOE and supply chain task constructs is followed by a quantitative approach using a survey and quantitative analyses to investigate the factors affecting blockchain adoption in supply chains. The second phase adopts explanatory sequential design in which the quantitative findings from the first phase are reviewed for follow-up by qualitative interviews to obtain explanations.
... Affect towards use (Compeau & Higgins, 1995) RELEX makes writing recipes more interesting. ...
Writing high-quality procedural texts is a challenging task for many learners. While example-based learning has shown promise as a feedback approach, a limitation arises when all learners receive the same content without considering their individual input or prior knowledge. Consequently, some learners struggle to grasp or relate to the feedback, finding it redundant and unhelpful. To address this issue, we present , an adaptive learning system designed to enhance procedural writing through personalized example-based learning. The core of our system is a multi-step example retrieval pipeline that selects a higher quality and contextually relevant example for each learner based on their unique input. We instantiate our system in the domain of cooking recipes. Specifically, we leverage a fine-tuned Large Language Model to predict the quality score of the learner’s cooking recipe. Using this score, we retrieve recipes with higher quality from a vast database of over 180,000 recipes. Next, we apply to select the semantically most similar recipe in real-time. Finally, we use domain knowledge and regular expressions to enrich the selected example recipe with personalized instructional explanations. We evaluate in a 2 x 2 controlled study (personalized vs. non-personalized examples, reflective prompts vs. none) with 200 participants. Our results show that providing tailored examples contributes to better writing performance and user experience.
... Given this advice, several theoretical frameworks have been used to explain individuals' behaviours to an IS. Among these theories include: the theory of plan behaviour (TPB) (e.g., Mathieson, 2001), the decomposed theory of planned behaviour (DTPB) (e.g., Taylor & Todd, 1995a), diffusion theory (e.g., Mao, 2002), task technology fit model (e.g., Dishaw & Strong, 1997), social cognitive theory (e.g., Compeau, et al. 1995), technology acceptance model (TAM) (e.g., Davis, 1986) and Triandis' framework (e.g., Triandis, 1979). Whilst this body of research has produced some useful insights into cognitive, affective, and behavioural reactions to technology and into factors that influence their reactions. ...
Whilst there has been considerable research on innovation adoption and diffusion in the rapid growth of mobile money, fewer studies have been conducted on the active engagement with the technology using a reference theory particularly studies in the context of SSA. Past studies of mobile money based on case studies, interviews and reviews of secondary data have focused on potential benefits, features, and implementation. Research studies on mobile money about SSA are mixed. The existing studies on mobile money adoption based on reference theories focused largely on Southeast Asia and developed nations. Most of these studies presume mobile money is readily available but the anus of accepting or rejecting it resides with end-users. This assumption falls short of realities for SSA, because SSA trails behind the rest of the world in modern technological infrastructures. This study investigates the precursors pertinent to understanding the adoption of mobile money in the context SSA as well as the implications of the interplay between technological infrastructures for mobile money with socioeconomic and political forces. The study makes important contributions to the literature and managerial practice by providing adequate understanding of the factors inherent to SSA contributing to poor mobile money adoption behaviour, building a modified TAM for mobile money adoption for SSA and establishing adequate knowledge for policymakers, governments, private investors, and NGOs in mapping-out key factors managers may have control over for investment in mobile money.
... Another group of researchers evaluates the efficacy of newly implemented systems at the institutional level, as well as the compatibility of the technology with the intended tasks. Numerous researchers, including Compeau & Higgins (1995); ; Goodhue & Thompson (1995); Leonard-Barton & Deschamps (1988); Venkatesh et al. (2003) have conducted these investigations. Within the area of technology acceptance, various theories have gained popularity among researchers. ...
The ultimate goal of this research is to evaluate the barriers to women's entrepreneurship development at small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) and provide recommendations for
the SME foundation to assist women in successfully managing their businesses. The design of the empirical study was based on primary data that was gathered using a structured questionnaire. The respondents were selected based on a convenient sampling method and the
sample size was 50 women entrepreneurs in Dhaka Metropolitan (DM) area. Data analysis was
done using SPSS-23. After the analysis, the empirical result suggests that Family-Social- Financial (FSF) barriers have significantly influenced women’s entrepreneurial activities in
DM, and regression analysis was done to show what factors contributed most. Thus, the limitation of this research is that it focuses only on a very small research sample size. In
addition, most of the respondents in this study were involved with similar types of businesses; consequently, generalizability cannot be made. However, this study makes some useful suggestions for enhancing the policy support for rising female entrepreneurs.
Conversational AI (CAI) systems which encompass voice- and text-based assistants are on the rise and have been largely integrated into people's everyday lives. Despite their widespread adoption, users voice concerns regarding privacy, security and trust in these systems. However, the composition of these perceptions, their impact on technology adoption and usage and the relationship between privacy, security and trust perceptions in the CAI context remain open research challenges. This study contributes to the field by conducting a Systematic Literature Review and offers insights into the current state of research on privacy, security and trust perceptions in the context of CAI systems. The review covers application fields and user groups and sheds light on empirical methods and tools used for assessment. Moreover, it provides insights into the reliability and validity of privacy, security and trust scales, as well as extensively investigating the subconstructs of each item as well as additional concepts which are concurrently collected. We point out that the perceptions of trust, privacy and security overlap based on the subconstructs we identified. While the majority of studies investigate one of these concepts, only a few studies were found exploring privacy, security and trust perceptions jointly. Our research aims to inform on directions to develop and use reliable scales for users' privacy, security and trust perceptions and contribute to the development of trustworthy CAI systems.
The study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (Al) in recruitment and selection processes at Company A and Company B, reflecting the increasing trend of Al utilization in HR practices. The research aims to investigate HR professionals' perceptions and attitudes towards Al adoption in recruitment, utilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to understand the factors influencing behavioral intentions towards Al integration. Through a quantitative descriptive approach, structured surveys and questionnaires were employed to gather data from HR professionals at the two companies via snowball sampling, providing valuable insights into the perspectives of professionals involved in the hiring process. The study revealed the significant impact of educational background on attitudes towards Al adoption, with a positive reception towards the performance expectancy and social influence of Al tools in recruitment and selection processes, as indicated by the UTAUT model. The findings underscore the importance of considering educational background in shaping attitudes towards Al integration in HR practices, highlighting the potential benefits of Al tools in enhancing recruitment and selection processes.
The ubiquity of instructional leadership integrated with technology has necessitated research into the application of instructional leadership and its influencing factors. The aim of this study is to investigate contributing factors to in-service teachers’ informatization instructional leadership by determining the relationship between use expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence, behavioral intention and teachers’ informatization instructional leadership. Quantitative research is employed using a questionnaire to collect data. The sample comprises 230 randomly selected in-service teachers from private undergraduate universities in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS. The results show that use expectancy, facilitating conditions, computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence and behavioral intention all have a positive and significant effect on teachers’ informatization instructional leadership. Use expectancy, computer self-efficacy and blended teaching competence have a positive and significant effect on behavioral intention, and behavioral intention significantly mediates the relationships between use expectancy, computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence and teachers’ informatization instructional leadership. The research provides practical guidance for universities attempting to implement or improve teachers’ informatization instructional leadership practices. Efforts for policymakers to develop teachers’ informatization instructional leadership should consider the importance of not only use expectancy and facilitating conditions but also computer self-efficacy, blended teaching competence, and the role of behavioral intention to use teachers’ informatization instructional leadership.
The onset of COVID-19 dealt a severe blow to the education sector in Uganda, leading to the mandatory closure of all learning institutions to mitigate the spread of the virus. Makerere University, a venerable institution in the region, was not exempt from this directive. The initial uptake of e-learning was sluggish due to various factors, including inadequate infrastructure, digital illiteracy among both students and some faculty members, and, most notably, a lack of preparedness in utilizing digital eLearning technologies. The objective of this study was to examine the factors that impacted students’ embrace of eLearning at Makerere University during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a quantitative approach, the study utilized questionnaires structured based on the nine constructs of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model. Between August and December 2021, a questionnaire was distributed to 374 students from two colleges. Structured equation modelling was employed to assess 16 factors that were hypothesized to have an impact on adoption. Effort expectancy emerged as the most robust predictor. Likewise, the behaviour of utilizing eLearning technologies was predominantly impacted by facilitating conditions. Utilizing the UTAUT methodology, this study’s theoretical significance arises from our effort to broaden the existing literature on the utilization of video conferencing software (Zoom) in conjunction with a learning management system (MUELE) during the challenging period of COVID-19, an area that has not been extensively explored. The results offer insights into the embrace and approval of both systems within the framework of a developing nation. This study delivers valuable perspectives for developers of eLearning systems, emphasizing the importance of creating user-friendly platforms that enhance the learner experience. This includes the incorporation of intuitive designs and intelligent features such as chatbots and AI-driven tutoring systems, which adapt to the unique needs of students.
Mobile banking is one of the most promising technologies which have evolved as the next generation banking system and has tremendous impact on banks to spend large budget on building mobile base banking system. However the adoption rate of mobile banking applications is still underused than expected. As we recognized, in recent studies on mobile banking, there is good numbers of papers focusing on the adoption of mobile banking technology. Thus the purpose of this study to enrich current knowledge about what affects individuals to use mobile banking is required. The study addresses two unexplored mediating relationships of self-efficacy, trust on repeated usage and actual use of mobile banking applications. A quantitative survey based approach was used to collect data from (n=421) customers of commercial banks in India who were using mobile banking applications. The study found that behavioral intention to adopt and actual use of mobile banking applications is significantly mediated by trust and self-efficacy and also that self-efficacy is not mediating repeated use contrary trust is partially mediating repeated usage. This study would be helpful for banks mangers and banking policy makers to enhance the actual and repeated use of mobile banking services.
Measuring people’s self-efficacy in navigating the digital world has become essential in an age where the Internet permeates every aspect of life. This paper describes the creation and validation of the VISES (Virthulab Internet Self-Efficacy Scale), an instrument designed for the modern Internet environment. The way we work, communicate, and access information is changing as a result of the digital revolution, and VISES encapsulates the abilities and self-assurance needed to succeed in this Web 4.0 era. The study investigated the connections between VISES scores, Internet usage habits, net frustration, self-disparagement, and Internet addiction using a rigorous methodology. The study included a sample of 773 participants who could speak Italian (66.5% women). Participants were 31.38 years old on average (standard deviation = 11.19). The 3-factor structure of VISES, which demonstrated strong reliability for each subscale, was discovered by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). According to the study, there is a substantial positive link between the VISES Internet self-efficacy ratings and both the frequency and duration of online use. Additionally, VISES scores exhibited positive associations with expected outcomes of Internet use, including social outcomes, personal entertainment, and personal information. The negative link between VISES scores and net frustration and self-disparagement emphasized the importance of self-efficacy in reducing negative emotional and cognitive states while using the Internet. Surprisingly, the association between VISES scores and Internet addiction was found for just one of the dimensions of VISES.
Este caso para ensino narra experiências de um servidor técnico-administrativo nos primeiros meses após sua transferência para a secretaria de um programa de pós-graduação (PPG) de uma universidade federal brasileira. Aqui, as experiências de interesse referem-se a conflitos interpessoais e à percepção de falta de poder de controle na institucionalização de um sistema organizacional de tecnologia da informação (TI), qual seja, um sistema de informação gerencial do tipo enterprise resource planning (ERP). A introdução de sistemas ERP altera profundamente as rotinas organizacionais e os comportamentos esperados de seus usuários (aqui, os docentes daquele PPG), de modo que conflitos entre colegas são comuns e devem ser entendidos e tratados. Em organizações públicas, porém, a prática revela desafios para além da modelagem de novas rotinas e treinamentos funcionais, pois estruturas de poder—real ou imaginário—podem estar profundamente estabelecidas. O quadro teórico deste caso envolve a aceitação, a adoção, a resistência e o uso do sistema ERP pelo grupo de trabalho, bem como aspectos da efetividade desse uso e onde se localiza (locus) a fonte de controle do seu processo de institucionalização. Esse quadro teórico é formado pela apresentação dos modelos mais clássicos da área e breve discussão de suas contribuições e deficiências conhecidas. A narrativa geral oportuniza análise guiada por tradições de pesquisa iniciadas na década de 1980 e evoluídas ao longo de três décadas, e permite problematizar a enorme complexidade e as contingências dos ambientes em que tecnologias organizacionais compulsórias são introduzidas a indivíduos acostumados com o poder de decisão sobre novas práticas.
Currently popular models of employee behavior generally grant the individual a relatively passive role. It has recently been argued that a more comprehensive view would recognize three-way reciprocal interaction among employee behaviors, cognitions, and the environment. This paper contributes to this expanded viewpoint, focusing specifically on the role of the self and including characteristics and consequences of self-reinforcement systems, self-efficacy expectations, and an integrative model of the self in organizational research. This relatively broad viewpoint has potentially important implications for organizational behavior.
A study developed and validated new scales for perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, which were hypothesized to be fundamental determinants of user acceptance. The definitions of the 2 variables were used to develop scale items that were pretested for content validity. The items were then tested for reliability and construct validity in 2 studies involving a total of 152 users and 4 application programs. After refining and streamlining the measures, the resulting 2 scales of 6 items each demonstrated reliabilities of .98 for usefulness and .94 for ease of use. The scales also exhibited high convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity. In both studies, usefulness had a greater correlation with usage behavior than did ease of use, though both were significantly correlated with current usage and future usage. Regression analyses suggest that perceived ease of use may actually be a casual antecedent to perceived usefulness, as opposed to a direct determinant of system usage.
In a recent paper, Lepper (1985) pointed out that the rapid development of microcomputer technology has provided a unique opportunity to investigate, in vito, the process of technology adoption. This paper summarizes the results of two experiments that were concerned with the responses of "high-tech phobics" to innovative technologies. Previous research has demonstrated that personal efficacy with respect to computers is a strong predictor of subsequent adoption of computer technology. The results of the present research show (a) that the more technologically advanced a product, the more important a factor is personal efficacy in the decision to adopt the technology, and (b) that people low in personal efficacy (as compared to people high in personal efficacy) with regard to computers tend to be more easily persuaded by expert communicators to try an advanced software product.
Self-efficacy theory predicts that people will perform better when they believe they have the skills necessary for success. It also suggests, however, that believing in long-term rewards for success ("response-outcome expectations") does not correlate with adequate performance. This paper supports the generality of self-efficacy theory and provides evidence that self-efficacy beliefs predict insurance sales performance, whereas response-outcome expectations did not. A questionnaire was developed to measure self-efficacy beliefs and response-outcome expectations using 200 insurance sales representatives. Regression analyses were computed on a different sample of 97 insurance sales representatives using four separate dependent variables (calls-per-week; number of policies sold; sales revenue and a composite performance index on which actual sales commission was based). (1) These analyses established a correlation (but no causal relationship) between self-efficacy beliefs and sales performance. (2) The generality of self-efficacy theory in a business setting is suggested by the relationship between self-efficacy and objective measures of sales performance. (3) The relevance of these results, and the importance of integrating them into the practice of organizational behavior modification is discussed.
This article analyzes organizational functioning from the perspective of social cognitive theory, which explains psychosocial functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. In this causal structure, behavior, cognitive, and other personal factors and environmental events operate as interacting determinants that influence each other bidirectionally. The application of the theory is illustrated in a series of experiments of complex managerial decision making, using a simulated organization. The interactional causal structure is tested in conjunction with experimentally varied organizational properties and belief systems that can enhance or undermine the operation of the self-regulatory determinants. Induced beliefs about the controllability of organizations and the conception of managerial ability strongly affect both managers' self-regulatory processes and their organizational attainments. Organizational complexity and assigned performance standards also serve as contributing influences. Path analyses reveal that perceived managerial self-efficacy influences managers' organizational attainments both directly and through its effects on their goal setting and analytic thinking. Personal goals, in turn, enhance organizational attainments directly and via the mediation of analytic strategies. As managers begin to form a self-schema of their efficacy through further experience, the performance system is regulated more strongly and intricately through their self-conceptions of managerial efficacy. Although the relative strength of the constituent influences changes with increasing experience, these influences operate together as a triadic reciprocal control system.
The effects of a change in technology on organizational structure and power were investigated in a longitudinal study of the introduction and diffusion of a computerized information system. Employees increased their power and network centrality following the change in technology. In particular, early adopters of the new technology increased their power and centrality to a greater degree than later adopters. Results of cross-lagged correlation analyses suggest that centrality precedes power. While the diffusion process occurred via the network structure, it also imposed changes in the structure. Adoption patterns were found to be more closely related to network structure after the change than prior to the change.
40 male first-line supervisors were randomly assigned to a behavioral modeling training program or to a control group. The training was designed to improve supervisors' interpersonal skills in dealing with their employees. The training program produced highly favorable trainee reactions, which were maintained over time. Moreover, the performance of the trainees was significantly better than that of supervisors in the control group on a learning test administered 6 mo after training, on behavioral simulations collected 3 mo after training, and on performance ratings collected on the job 1 yr after training. After the control group received the training, they achieved significant improvement in their supervisory skills and did not differ from the trainees who had originally undergone the training on any of the measures. The modeling films, developed by M. Sorcher (A. Goldstein and M. Sorcher, 1974) were based primarily on A. Bandura's (1977) principles of social-learning theory. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The complexity of innovations has long been recognized as a factor affecting the rate of adoption. We investigated the relation between sense of efficacy regarding computers and people's readiness to use them. Using structural equation modeling procedures ({lisrel}) in Study 1, we showed the hypothesized relation between efficacy beliefs with respect to computers and the likelihood of using computers (as measured by subsequent enrollment in computer-related courses) in two independent samples. We demonstrated that beliefs of efficacy regarding computers exert an influence on the decision to use computers that is independent of people's beliefs about the instrumental value of doing so. In Study 2 we extended this finding by showing that, consistent with Bandura's research on the personal efficacy construct, previous experience with computers is related to beliefs of efficacy with respect to computers, but that it does not exert a direct independent influence on the decision to use computers. Furthermore, a significant relation was found in Study 2 between general beliefs of personal efficacy and use of other electronic devices. These studies demonstrate the importance of efficacy beliefs in the decision to adopt an innovation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Determined the long-term effects of self-management training given to 20 unionized state government employees to increase their job attendance in a 6-month follow-up study. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed that enhanced self-efficacy and increased job attendance were effectively maintained over time. Perceived self-efficacy at the end of training predicted subsequent job attendance. The control group (
n = 20) was then given the same training in self-management by a different trainer. Three months later, this group showed the same positive improvement as the original training group with regard to increased self-efficacy and job attendance. These findings lend support to a self-efficacy based theory of job attendance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
134 female and 101 male undergraduates were asked to indicate their perceptions of their capabilities to successfully complete the educational requirements and job duties of each of 10 traditionally female and 10 traditionally male occupations. Ss also indicated their degree of interest in and extent of consideration of each occupation. Finally, American College Test Math and English subtest scores were obtained. Results indicate significant and consistent sex differences in self-efficacy with regard to traditional vs nontraditional (for females) occupations: males reported equivalent self-efficacy with regard to the 2 classes of occupations; females reported significantly higher levels of self-efficacy with regard to traditional occupations and significantly lower levels of self-efficacy with regard to nontraditional occupations. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Manipulated self-efficacy and task strategies in the training of 209 undergraduates under high strategy, low strategy, and control conditions. Ss underwent 5 trials and were administered a self-efficacy scale after each trial. Results show that ability, past performance, and self-efficacy were the major predictors of goal choice. Ability, self-efficacy, goals, and task strategies were related to task performance. Self-efficacy was more strongly related to past performance than to future performance but remained a significant predictor of future performance even when past performance was controlled. Self-efficacy ratings for moderate to difficult levels of performance were the best predictors of future performance; a reanalysis of 2 previous goal-setting studies by the first author confirms this finding. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
56 children (mean age 9 yrs, 10 mo) showing low arithmetic achievement received either modeling of division operations or didactic instruction, followed by a practice period during which half of the Ss in each treatment received effort attribution for success and difficulty. Both treatments enhanced division persistence, accuracy, and perceived efficacy, but cognitive modeling produced greater gains in accuracy. Perceived efficacy was an accurate predictor of arithmetic performance across levels of task difficulty and modes of treatment. The treatment combining modeling with effort attribution produced the highest congruence between efficacy judgment and performance. (34 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Examined the influence of modeling interventions in a training situation on short-term leader behavior and on subsequent subordinate affective response using 40 leader–subordinate dyads. Ss read scenarios describing setting and 4 performance objectives; then they role-played as supervisor, subordinate, or observer. Three separate videotapes of a supervisor–subordinate interaction were prepared for supervisors that emphasized positive reward, reprimand, or goal-setting behavior. Ss viewed 1 of the videotapes or were assigned to a control condition in which no videotape was used. Results of subsequent role-playing indicate a significant overall change in leader behavior in response to the videotape modeling interventions. In addition, positive reward behavior was most responsive to the reprimand intervention, reprimand behavior was most responsive to the goal-setting intervention, and goal-setting behavior was most responsive to the reprimand intervention. Findings suggest that the modeling process should be viewed as a complex phenomenon involving multiple behavioral and affective linkages that go beyond a simplistic imitation or demand effect interpretation. (37 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Tested the hypothesis that learned helplessness can be induced through modeling and that the effects are mediated by perceived similarity in competence. 40 male college students observed a model fail at anagram tasks under variations in perceived similarity. Ss who perceived the unsuccessful model to be of comparable ability and those given no competence feedback persisted less throughout the tasks than Ss who perceived the model as less competent than themselves and control Ss who did not observe a model. The latter 2 groups did not differ in their initial level of persistence, but their performances diverged on succeeding trials, with Ss who perceived themselves as more competent than the model showing higher persistence. A similar pattern of results was obtained for the effects of perceived similarity on Ss' expectations of self-efficacy. A microanalysis revealed that regardless of treatment condition, the higher the Ss' expected efficacy, the longer they persisted. The strength of this relationship increased over trials, suggesting that Ss came to rely more heavily on their judgments of self-efficacy in regulating their expenditure of effort as the experiment progressed. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Alternative training methods on self-efficacy and mastery of a computer software program were compared in the context of a field experiment involving 108 university managers. A behavioral modeling approach relative to a tutorial approach yielded higher self-efficacy scores and higher performance on an objective measure of computer software mastery. Participants scoring high in self-efficacy performed significantly better than participants with low computer self-efficacy scores. Participants low in self-efficacy reported greater confidence in their ability to master the software training in the modeling compared with the tutorial conditions. Participants in the modeling training reported more effective cognitive working styles, more ease with the task, more satisfaction with training, and less frustration compared with participants in tutorial training. Implications for training interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
In order to test the hypothesis that reinforcements administered to a model influence the performance but not the acquisition of matching responses, groups of children observed an aggressive film-mediated model either rewarded, punished, or left without consequences. A postexposure test revealed that response consequences to the model had produced differential amounts of imitative behavior. Children in the model-punished condition performed signifcantly fewer matching responses than children in both the model-rewarded and the no-consequences groups. Children in all 3 treatment conditions were then offered attractive reinforcers contingent on their reproducing the model's aggressive responses. The introduction of positive incentives completely wiped out the previously observed performance differences, revealing an equivalent amount of learning among children in the model-rewarded, model-punished, and the no-consequences conditions. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Training in self-management was given to 20 unionized state government employees to increase their attendance at the work site. Analyses of variance revealed that compared to a control condition (
n = 20), training in self-regulatory skills taught employees how to manage personal and social obstacles to job attendance, and it raised their perceived self-efficacy that they could exercise influence over their behavior. Consequently, employee attendance was significantly higher in the training than in the control group. The higher the perceived self-efficacy, the better the subsequent job attendance. These data were significant at the .05 level. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Addresses the centrality of the self-efficacy mechanism (SEM) in human agency. SEM precepts influence thought patterns, actions, and emotional arousal. In causal tests, the higher the level of induced self-efficacy, the higher the performance accomplishments and the lower the emotional arousal. The different lines of research reviewed show that the SEM may have wide explanatory power. Perceived self-efficacy helps to account for such diverse phenomena as changes in coping behavior produced by different modes of influence, level of physiological stress reactions, self-regulation of refractory behavior, resignation and despondency to failure experiences, self-debilitating effects of proxy control and illusory inefficaciousness, achievement strivings, growth of intrinsic interest, and career pursuits. The influential role of perceived collective efficacy in social change and the social conditions conducive to development of collective inefficacy are analyzed. (21/2 p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1982 American Psychological Association.
Computer systems cannot improve organizational performance if they aren't used. Unfortunately, resistance to end-user systems by managers and professionals is a widespread problem. To better predict, explain, and increase user acceptance, we need to better understand why people accept or reject computers. This research addresses the ability to predict peoples' computer acceptance from a measure of their intentions, and the ability to explain their intentions in terms of their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and related variables. In a longitudinal study of 107 users, intentions to use a specific system, measured after a one-hour introduction to the system, were correlated 0.35 with system use 14 weeks later. The intention-usage correlation was 0.63 at the end of this time period. Perceived usefulness strongly influenced peoples' intentions, explaining more than half of the variance in intentions at the end of 14 weeks. Perceived ease of use had a small but significant effect on intentions as well, although this effect subsided over time. Attitudes only partially mediated the effects of these beliefs on intentions. Subjective norms had no effect on intentions. These results suggest the possibility of simple but powerful models of the determinants of user acceptance, with practical value for evaluating systems and guiding managerial interventions aimed at reducing the problem of underutilized computer technology.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the roles played by individual differences and goal origin in the goal setting process. In order to accomplish this objective this study (a) briefly reviews the existing empirical evidence on individual differences in the goal setting literature, (b) develops a model of the goal-setting process that specifies different roles for individual differences depending upon goal origin, and (c) tests hypotheses generated by this model in a laboratory setting. The results indicate that under self-set conditions variables associated with self-perceptions of task-specific ability, but not generalized self-esteem, are related to the difficulty of the goals selected, with more difficult goals being set by individuals high in task-specific ability perceptions. Furthermore, when goals are self-set, regardless of individual differences, the expectancy and valence of goal attainment tends to be high and invariant relative to assigned conditions (i.e., the motivation to pursue the goal is high), and a strong goal difficulty-performance relationship is in evidence for all subjects. Under assigned goal conditions, individual differences determine the reaction to the assigned goal. Individuals high in task-specific self-esteem have stronger expectancies for attaining the goal relative to those low in this trait; and, individuals high in generalized self-esteem exhibit higher valence for goal attainment than those low in generalized self-esteem. In assigned conditions, there was a positive goal difficulty-performance relationship only for individuals high in generalized self-esteem. Some evidence actually suggested that for subjects low in generalized self-esteem, it is better to assign low goals. Low goals seem to increase the self-perceived task-specific ability of these subjects which relates positively with performance.
The statistical tests used in the analysis of structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error are examined. A drawback of the commonly applied chi square test, in addition to the known problems related to sample size and power, is that it may indicate an increasing correspondence between the hypothesized model and the observed data as both the measurement properties and the relationship between constructs decline. Further, and contrary to common assertion, the risk of making a Type II error can be substantial even when the sample size is large. Moreover, the present testing methods are unable to assess a model's explanatory power. To overcome these problems, the authors develop and apply a testing system based on measures of shared variance within the structural model, measurement model, and overall model.
Tested the hypothesis that learned helplessness can be induced through modeling and that the effects are mediated by perceived similarity in competence. 40 male college students observed a model fail at anagram tasks under variations in perceived similarity. Ss who perceived the unsuccessful model to be of comparable ability and those given no competence feedback persisted less throughout the tasks than Ss who perceived the model as less competent than themselves and control Ss who did not observe a model. The latter 2 groups did not differ in their initial level of persistence, but their performances diverged on succeeding trials, with Ss who perceived themselves as more competent than the model showing higher persistence. A similar pattern of results was obtained for the effects of perceived similarity on Ss' expectations of self-efficacy. A microanalysis revealed that regardless of treatment condition, the higher the Ss' expected efficacy, the longer they persisted. The strength of this relationship increased over trials, suggesting that Ss came to rely more heavily on their judgments of self-efficacy in regulating their expenditure of effort as the experiment progressed. (9 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
This paper reports the results of a field study of 32 decision support systems (DSS) in 9 organizations that was conducted to examine the effects of certain factors which influence DSS implementation success. Based on a framework of decision support system implementation, variables related to the characteristics of the decision support system, the users, the decision environment, and the implementation process were measured to identify the critical factors affecting DSS use and user satisfaction with the DSS. Three factors — system flexibility, user participation in implementation, and useii willingness to change — were found to exert the strongest influence on both user satisfaction and system use.Résumé:Trente-deux systèmes d’aide à la decision ont été étudiés dans neuf entreprises pour identifier les facteurs qui influent sur le succès d’implantation de ces systèmes. En partant d’un cadre de recherche existant, des variables liées aux caractéitistiques du système, des usagers, de l’environnement décisionnel et du processus d’implantation ont été mesurés. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la flexibilité du système, la participation des usagers à l’implantation et le degré auquel les usagers sont prêts a accepter des changements sont les trois facteurs ayant la plus grande influence sur les deux variables du succès mesurées, soit la satisfaction des usagers et l’utilisation du système.
Training in self-management was given to 20 unionized state government employees to increase their attendance at the work site. Analyses of variance revealed that compared to a control condition (n = 20), training in self-regulatory skills taught employees how to manage personal and social obstacles to job attendance, and it raised their perceived self-efficacy that they could exercise influence over their behavior. Consequently, employee attendance was significantly higher in the training than in the control group. The higher the perceived self-efficacy, the better the subsequent job attendance. These data were significant at the .05 level.
This study examined the effects of task labelling (as play or work) and trainee age on learning outcomes. Results indicate an interaction between task labelling and age: Younger employees who received training labelled as ‘play’ showed higher motivation to learn and performed better in an objective test of software knowledge than older employees. In contrast, no differences were found between younger and older employees receiving training labelled as ‘work‘. Implications for training are discussed.
An attempt is made to construct a useful and theoretically sound scale that can be used in future research to measure computer user anxiety and alienation. Because the measurement of either alienation or anxiety often produces similar results, the authors present a concise and reliable measure that is a synthesis of the two constructs. Findings show no differences attributable to age or sex but that number of years of computer experience is a significant indicator of the measure. The scale reported here has been successfully used to predict students' grades in computer-related classes and the level of satisfaction students have with their computer experiences.
Self-efficacy (one's belief in one's capability to perform a task) affects task effort, persistence, expressed interest, and the level of goal difficulty selected for performance. Despite this, little attention has been given to its organizational implications. This paper reviews the self-efficacy concept and then explores its theoretical and practical implications for organizational behavior and human resource management.
This article describes a study of information system users in four Federal agencies in Washington, D.C., to determine associations between user behavior toward their systems and feelings toward the system staff, management support, and several other factors. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
This article presents a model of factors associated with the successful implementation of a computer-based information system or OR/MS model. The model hypothesizes that two classes of variables, model quality and management support, influence attitudes and perceptions of a model or system. The research model also predicts that attitudes and perceptions, management support, system or model quality, decision style and situational and personal factors are related to successful implementation. In general, the relationships in the model receive support from the data; however, further research is needed, particularly to provide more evidence on possible causal links in the model. Certain classes of variables are also difficult to relate to implementation success, including decision style and personal and situational factors. If the evidence for the model is considered sufficient to take action, implementation strategies should concentrate on several key variables. First, the quality of the model must be high, both in terms of logic and user interface. Favorable attitudes and perceptions should be stressed during development of a model or system. Management support should be encouraged and solicited and the implementor should try to consider different decision styles. Finally, personal and situational factors are likely to be related to success. The purpose of this article is to summarize the findings of nine empirical studies which furnish data to test hypotheses derived from a descriptive model of implementation. It is hoped that hypothesis testing and models of implementation such as those proposed in [14] along with empirical studies will provide a better understanding of the variables associated with successful implementation.
Behavioral predictions arising from a simulation of olfactory paleocortex were examined using rats in an olfactory discrimination-learning task. The animals were tested to see whether, as predicted, they would recognize novel similar odors as members of a category, and whether they would nonetheless distinguish and recognize individual category members. The results were positive, providing the first evidence that rats learn perceptual clusters via unsupervised learning. © 1991, Association for Psychological Science. All rights reserved.
As computer-related programs are introduced into school curricula, it is helpful to evaluate student attitudes which may affect the success of such programs. This study, involving 155 eighth-through twelfth-grade students, examines the reliability and factorial validity of the Computer Attitude Scale and its three subscales (Computer Liking, Computer Confidence, and Computer Anxiety). The data suggest that this instrument is an effective, reliable, and convenient means of measuring student attitudes toward learning about and using computers.
The statistical tests used in the analysis of structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error are examined. A drawback of the commonly applied chi square test, in addition to the known problems related to sample size and power, is that it may indicate an increasing correspondence between the hypothesized model and the observed data as both the measurement properties and the relationship between constructs decline. Further, and contrary to common assertion, the risk of making a Type II error can be substantial even when the sample size is large. Moreover, the present testing methods are unable to assess a model's explanatory power. To overcome these problems, the authors develop and apply a testing system based on measures of shared variance within the structural model, measurement model, and overall model.
An empirical study was conducted to investigate demographic predictors of software self-efficacy among undergraduate business students. The relationship between academic major, gender, ACT scores, computer-related experience, family income, and computer anxiety level with software self-efficacy was investigated. The results indicate significant differences in software self-efficacy among students with different majors, amounts of computer-related experience, family income levels, and computer anxiety levels. Although significant differences between students from families with different income levels were found, however no clear patterns were discernable.
This commentary addresses misconceptions concerning perceived self-efficacy contained in the article by Eastman and Marzillier. People who regard themselves as highly efficacious act, think, and feel differently from those who perceive themselves as inefficacious. Self-percepts of efficacy thus contribute significantly to performance accomplishments rather than residing in the host organism simply as inert predictors of behaviors to come. A substantial body of converging evidence is reviewed, lending validity to the proposition that perceived self-efficacy operates as one common mechanism through which diverse influences affect human action, thought, and affective arousal.
This study operationalized the construct of self-efficacy developed by Bandura and applied it to the problem of long-term maintenance of smoking cessation. A measure of self-efficacy for avoiding smoking was used to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and subjects' ability to maintain posttreatment abstinence at a 5-month follow-up. Subjects were confirmed, heavy smokers who previously had quit smoking by three different procedures. Subjects were administered the self-efficacy measure and a demographic and smoking history questionnaire an average of 4 weeks after quitting smoking. Maintenance was assessed at 5-month follow-up. Two-thirds of all subjects successfully maintained nonsmoking at follow-up with no group differences for success. Maintainers (N = 42)did not differ from recidivists (N = 21)on any demographic or smoking history variables. However, maintainers did show significantly higher self-efficacy scores than recidivists. The measure of self-efficacy for smoking cessation maintenance demonstrated good internal consistency.
Information Technology has assumed a role of growing importance in both private and public sector organizations during the 1980's. It is no longer the private preserve of small groups of computer specialists; rather, the office automation and end-user computing trends are placing information technology into the hands of workers at all levels and in areas. The emergence of the business microcomputer has played a central role in this trend. This study investigates microcomputer usage among professionals and managers. Microcomputer was found to be related to computer experience and anxiety about its impact. The results also indicate that a strong, significant, and positive relationship exists between participation in computer training programs and MIS success, as measured by microcomputer usage.
This study investigated the relationship between Type A behavior and the research productivity of university faculty. The research also examined the roles played by various Type A subfactors (job involvement, competitiveness, and impatience) and by three hypothesized intervening variables (self-efficacy, performance goals, and working on multiple projects) in the Type A—productivity relationship. Results showed a direct relationship between Type A behavior and both quantity and quality indices of faculty research productivity. Findings also supported self-efficacy, goals, and working on multiple projects as variables intervening between the display of Type A behavior and performance. Job involvement was found to be the only Type A subfactor related to productivity.
Despite the growing role of computers in society, some individuals may actually avoid and resist learning about computers due to their anxiety. The present study was conducted in order to develop and validate the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS), by examining the behavioral, cognitive, and affective components of computer anxiety. The CARS was shown to be a reliable and valid measure. Higher levels of computer anxiety were related to greater math and test anxiety, and to less computer experience and mechanical interest. During an actual computer interaction, greater computer anxiety was associated with lower expectations and poorer task performance, as well as with greater state anxiety, reported physiological arousal, and debilitative thoughts. These results are consistent with a cognitive-attentional theory of computer anxiety and suggest directions for future research. Consistent differences between women and men on indices of computer anxiety were not found.