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Are Children at Risk for Sexual Abuse by Homosexuals?
Abstract
To determine if recognizably homosexual adults are frequently accused of the sexual molestation of children.
Chart review of medical records of children evaluated for sexual abuse.
Child sexual abuse clinic at a regional children's hospital.
Patients were 352 children (276 girls and 76 boys) referred to a subspecialty clinic for the evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse. Mean age was 6.1 years (range, 7 months to 17 years).
Charts were reviewed to determine the relationships of the children to the alleged offender, the sex of the offender, and whether or not the alleged offender was reported to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual.
Abuse was ruled out in 35 cases. Seventy-four children were allegedly abused by other children and teenagers less than 18 years old. In 9 cases, an offender could not be identified. In the remaining 269 cases, two offenders were identified as being gay or lesbian. In 82% of cases (222/269), the alleged offender was a heterosexual partner of a close relative of the child. Using the data from our study, the 95% confidence limits, of the risk children would identify recognizably homosexual adults as the potential abuser, are from 0% to 3.1%. These limits are within current estimates of the prevalence of homosexuality in the general community.
The children in the group studied were unlikely to have been molested by identifiably gay or lesbian people.
... That homosexual persons are more prone to pederasty is another idea that does not find support in available scientific evidence (Cromer & Goldsmith, 2010). Research is clear that child sexual abuse is the result of abusive behavior that takes advantage of a child's vulnerability and is in no way related to the sexual orientation of the abuser (Jenny, Roesler & Poyer, 1994). Furthermore, "the data contradict the myth that perpetrators of CSA are most likely to be homosexual and indicate that most cases of CSA are heterosexual" (Jenny, Roesler & Poyer, 1994). ...
... Research is clear that child sexual abuse is the result of abusive behavior that takes advantage of a child's vulnerability and is in no way related to the sexual orientation of the abuser (Jenny, Roesler & Poyer, 1994). Furthermore, "the data contradict the myth that perpetrators of CSA are most likely to be homosexual and indicate that most cases of CSA are heterosexual" (Jenny, Roesler & Poyer, 1994). However, of the few cases of sexual abuse committed by homosexuals, these tend to be publicized in the media by pointing out the sexual orientation of the perpetrator (Cameron & Cameron, 1998). ...
Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to benefit from scientific knowledge. In the case of the social problem of sexual abuse, we already have scientific knowledge about what actions are most effective in prevention and response. The application of this knowledge is an indispensable tool to make real the commitment of the Catholic Church to support victims of sexual abuse in ecclesial contexts and to effectively prevent this grave adverse experience to occur again. This article claims the importance that safeguarding work in the Church has social impact. It examens the need to base safeguarding work in the Church on scientific evidence of social impact, dismantles myths regarding sexual abuse perpetrated by clergy and non-clergy in the Church and outside, and shares Successful Actions in safeguarding. As pioneer of this scientific and social impact approach in safeguarding in the Church, the article also presents the worldwide strategy of the Jesuits to eliminate abuse: The Promotion of a Consistent Culture of Protection Project (PCCP). This large-scale project is already drawing a new path for society at large toward a world free from abuse.
... LGBTs are also denied of child custody of their own children due to the damaging myth that this group of people are child molesters even though Jenny, Roesler and Poyer (1994) reported that a child is 100 times more likely to be molested by a heterosexual than by a homosexual. ...
... The communication such as ‗I explained to Dai', ‗That got us talking' and ‗When Dai asked us' between her and the man exhibits the positive and normal communication that the protagonist is able to have with the opposite sex without having any negative perception towards him. Jenny, Roesler & Poyer (1994) argued that LGBTs are stereotyped as child molesters. They reported that studies found pedophiles are usually among heterosexuals compared to homosexuals. ...
This research investigates how authors in 19 short stories in the anthology, Body 2 Body: A Malaysian Queer Anthology (B2B) use language to portray LGBT characters. It also investigates if these authors reinforce or challenge the stereotypical views about LGBT people. The theoretical framework for this research is based on Systemic Functional Linguistics in which attitude is selected to examine the evaluation of LGBT characters. Based on the analysis, it reveals that authors in B2B have adopted various strategies to evaluate LGBT characters in their stories. The authors portray the LGBT character as insecure person. This results in these LGBT characters to be evaluated negatively. The stereotypical views about LGBT people are either reinforced or challenged mostly through the various tokens in affect and judgment. Finally, suggestions for future research are presented to strengthen linguistic analysis as a method to unravel authors' perspectives in literary texts.
... He, therefore, recommends that we should examine continuities as well as differences after stating that there is no actual obligation to attempt to comprehend a 'different' perspective. People, almost universally, may define the act of paedophilia as 'evil' because of the nature of the victim: the innocent, not-as-yet-sexual child, who cannot defend themselves against the inappropriate advances by an older person (Jenny et al., 1994). It is neither the aim nor is it possible for this paper to provide a definition of 'evil' that would allow each and every act of evil to be adequately determined. ...
... If pedophiles are not in complete control of their urges and these urges are the result of a mental illness or brain malfunction (an organic disorder), do we alter our attitudes toward them? Criminal defense lawyers have already recognised this malfunction and propose that we socially construct pedophilia differently (Freund et al., 1984;Jenny et al., 1994;Wegesin, 1998). Durkheim (1964) argues that social facts are groupinduced and group-maintained phenomena that create motives for committing 'evil' acts. ...
This paper approaches 'evil' from sociological and social science perspectives, using them to increase our insight into the concept of 'evil' since they have long neglected direct analyses of 'evil'. For example, sociology has focused on questions of the good, treating its other as an absence or a residual category. Durkheim suggested to avoid using common sense categorisations, without exploring their social construction as social fact. Therefore, because 'evil' is a common sense conception, a rather vague and multi-form one, we can see why sociologists have ignored the concept; we have abandoned that territory within sociology. To fill this gap in the literature and make a contribution to knowledge, this paper will explore sociological and social science perspectives to the study of 'evil'. Bringing these perspectives together from disparate disciplines is not only original, but also enlightening, permitting deeper insights into the conception of 'evil'. This paper also attempts to address how 'evil' relates to pedophilia, using it as a case study to explore how it is perceived as 'evil' with the help of sociological and social science theoretical frameworks. It is argued that 'evil' is socially constructed and differs in meaning within different cultures. The paper contributes to knowledge by opening up a dialogue regarding the sociology of 'evil'.
... To that end, adult sexual orientation is a factor that likely shapes people's perceptions of adult-child interactions. Despite research showing no association between sexual minority status and child sexual abuse perpetration (Groth & Birnbaum, 1976;Jenny et al., 1994), prior research has shown that some people believe there is a relationship between same-sex attraction and pedophilia (Crockett & Kusak McGuire, 2002;Herek, 2002;Human Rights Campaign, 2006). Research has also shown that some people endorse erroneous and negative stereotypes about gay people. ...
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a highly prevalent concern that carries lifelong consequences for the survivor. Many instances of CSA may be prevented when people correctly recognize precursory behaviors to abuse; however, research has shown that people’s biases color their perceptions of behavior. Past research demonstrated sexual and gender minority adults are more likely to erroneously be seen as predators and face harsher consequences compared to straight adults. The current study examined how knowledge of adults’ sexual orientation influenced perceptions regarding the nature of adult-child interactions. Participants in the current study read a series of vignettes describing interactions between adults and children where the adult sexual orientation (straight male, gay male) and the gender of the child (male, female) were manipulated. Participants then indicated whether they believed the behavior to be predatory or innocuous. Participants were less likely to recognize dangerous behaviors when the adult was described as a straight man interacting with a male child, suggesting that harmful adult-child interactions are more likely to go undetected in these instances.
... Pedophilia, which is the sexual attraction of an adult to a child, is completely unrelated to the adult's sexual orientation (Mallon, 2000). In fact, Jenny et al. (1994) reported that children are "over 100 times" (p. 44) more likely to be molested by a relative's heterosexual partner than by an identifiably gay person. ...
Global trends increasingly appear to be legitimizing same-gender relationships, yet international research shows that despite statutory rights to marry—and by extension, adopt children—same-gender couples continue to experience difficulties when trying to adopt. Primary among these barriers are the persistent heteronormative beliefs, which strongly underpin the unfounded myths about parenting abilities of same-gender couples. Such biased beliefs are perpetuated by some adoption professionals who oppose placing children with lesbian or gay couples. In 2013, New Zealand passed the Marriage Equality Act, making it possible for same-gender couples to legally marry—and by extension, adopt. This provided an opportunity to investigate the perceptions of New Zealand professionals about children being placed with same-gender couples, in a country often perceived to be more tolerant of LGBT people. New Zealand social workers and lawyers (an under-studied group)—the professions most likely involved in adoption—were recruited via professional bodies. Because studying perceptions and beliefs on socially sensitive topics are highly susceptible to social desirability, we designed an instrument utilizing multiple methods to assess and corroborate participants’ views about placing children for adoption with couples of the same gender. Administered online and anonymously, the survey included demographic questions, evaluation of negative-meaning and positive-meaning statements, and used a scenario describing a prospective adoptive couple whose gender was ambiguous, in the context of adopting children of varying needs. Overall, the study found that while New Zealand lawyers and social workers (N = 314) had generally favorable views of gay and lesbian adoption, they still reported a preference to see children adopted by heterosexual couples over same-gender couples, within which lesbian and gay couples were preferred equally. Moreover, being religious and politically conservative were characteristics associated with more negative views toward placing children with same-gender couples. We conclude that, despite winning the rights to marry (and adopt as couples), such legislative wins might be merely the first hurdle to be overcome; normalizing same-gender parenting is what needs to happen next. Our study adds to the research focused on adoption professionals in various countries, with the ultimate aim to inform practices and policies supportive of families headed by same-gender couples and formed through adoption.
... 21 21 A 1994 study of 269 children molested by adults found that 77% of the female children assaulted and 74% of the male children assaulted were abused by a man who had a heterosexual relationship with a female relative, for example. The risk of children being sexually abused by a homosexual person was calculated to be from 0% to 3.1%, which correlates, it has been argued, with the percentage of identifiable homosexuals in the general population (Jenny, Roesler and Poyer, 1994). ...
Fatherhood has been an area of growing interest among British academics in recent decades. Family literature has employed the notion of ‘family practices’ to unpick traditional notions about gendered roles and ‘the family’ as an institution, and a growing body of research has begun to shed light on ways in which ‘families of choice’ headed by non-heterosexual men and women are reconceptualising ‘family life’ into new forms.
When I embarked on my PhD in the early 2000s, there had been little empirical research about non-heterosexual fathers in the UK. My study explored the ‘doing’ of fatherhood by non-heterosexual British fathers who had taken a variety of routes to fatherhood, via a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. I explored how the fathers shaped their fathering, their feelings about fatherhood and their experiences of exclusion, and suggested appropriate policy responses.
... Turning to the findings for discrimination, trans participants typically reported more fears than both CSMM and CSMW. One notable exception was CSMM's greater likelihood of reporting fears related to sexual orientation-which might reflect these men's awareness of many adoption agencies' (and society's) tendency to distrust sexual minority men who wish to become parents, in part because of the erroneous and unsubstantiated conflation of male homosexuality and pedophilia (Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994). In order to understand why trans people report greater fears of discrimination in the vast majority of domains, it is useful to consider the large body of research documenting trans people's exposure to gender minority stress and its consequences, including heightened vulnerability to employment and health care discrimination (James et al., 2016;Reisner et al., 2015) and biases within the family court system (e.g., in the context of divorce and child custody disputes; Minter, 2018). ...
... The vilification of homosexual men as promiscuous or paedophilic has long been a powerful rhetoric to incite public hostility towards homosexual men. Sexual abuse from homosexual male parents is a notion that still pervades in the minds of some, despite the historical absence of evidence to support it [52,53]. ...
Social and legal equality for same-sex male couples continues to grow in many countries. Consequently, increasing numbers of same-sex male couples are seeking assisted reproductive technology to achieve parenthood. Fertility treatment for same-sex male couples is an undoubtedly complex issue and raises a variety of ethical concerns. Relevant considerations include ethical issues relating to the surrogate and a possible egg donor, the commissioning same-sex couple, the welfare of the child and the fertility clinic itself. This work analyses these arguments in the context of modern fertility services, providing reflection on the evidence present and what it means for clinicians today. Herein, we argue that fertility treatment for same-sex male couples via surrogacy agreements are acceptable, subject to considerations of each individual case, as in all assisted reproductive treatment. It is in the interest of open and equal access to health services that barriers to assisted reproductive technology for same-sex male couples should be minimised where possible.
... Part of this may be because some jobs in the study were in conflict with other aspects of stereotypes about gay men. For example, the job requiring social skills was Bleader of a kindergarten association,^for which participants may have been reluctant to recommend gay men, irrespective of their levels of communion and agency, due to the harmful and untrue stereotype that gay men are more likely to be pedophiles than heterosexual men (Jenny et al. 1994). ...
The current set of studies examines perceptions of gay men’s fitness for leadership positions in the workplace. In two between-subjects experiments we examined the effect of a male employee’s sexuality on perceptions of his suitability for stereotypically feminine, masculine, and gender-neutral managerial positions, as well as potential mediators (perceptions of target agency and communion) and moderators (target out status) of these effects. In Study 1, 341 U.S. college student participants rated a gay male target as more communal and more suitable for feminine managerial positions than an otherwise identical heterosexual target, irrespective of his “out” status. Moreover, ratings of communion mediated the relationship between targets’ sexuality and suitability for feminine leadership. No differences between gay and heterosexual targets in targets’ agency or targets’ suitability for masculine or gender-neutral managerial positions were detected. Study 2 used a sample of 439 U.S. adults and an ambiguous target’s résumé to replicate and expand Study 1. This study provided participants with conflicting information on targets’ agency and communion, and it assessed the same dependent variables of targets’ agency, communion, and leadership suitability for various positions. Study 2 again found that ratings of communion significantly mediated the relationship between male targets’ sexuality and perceived suitability for feminine managerial roles. These findings extend previous research on perceptions of gay men in the workplace and have practical implications for being “out” at work.
... Um outro mito recorrente é o de que as crianças de pais homossexuais estarão mais sujeitas a situações de abuso sexual. Contudo, o abuso sexual de crianças não se encontra directamente relacionado com a orientação sexual do indivíduo (Howitt, 1995;Jenny, Roesler & Poyer, 1994;Sarafino, 1979;Stevenson, 2000). ...
... Um outro mito recorrente é o de que as crianças de pais homossexuais estarão mais sujeitas a situações de abuso sexual. Contudo, o abuso sexual de crianças não se encontra directamente relacionado com a orientação sexual do indivíduo (Howitt, 1995;Jenny, Roesler & Poyer, 1994;Sarafino, 1979;Stevenson, 2000). ...
Research in the area of sexuality has been evolving over the past decades and issues such as gender of identity and attitudes towards homosexuality they have not remained constant over time, due to the deep social and cultural changes that have occurred in recent years. In this sense, we investigated how gender of identity and attitudes towards homosexuality / homoparenthood are related to gender and different age groups. 636 questionnaires were administered to 126 men and 510 women Portuguese and Brazilian. The results show that there is equity in gender of identity and most have favorable attitudes towards homosexuality and homosexual parenthood. But we found statistically significative differences between genders and age groups: as expected women more often are identified with the feminine gender and men with the masculine gender. The younger participants more often refered not have a gender identity exclusivity. Women and younger participants have attitudes less discriminatory towards homosexuality / homoparenthood. To experience sexuality positively it’s crucial to invest in (re) sexual education as a strategy of sexual and reproductive health.
... Por outro lado, alguns estereótipos sobre a homossexualidade masculina põem em causa a capacidade parental dos gays (Gross, 2012). Embora se saiba que o abuso sexual infantil é geralmente perpetrado por homens heterossexuais que fazem parte do ambiente familiar das crianças (e.g., Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994;Maria & Ornelas, 2010), a associação entre homossexualidade e pedofilia é uma crença ainda largamente partilhada (Gross). A esta acrescenta-se o estereótipo de que os gays não investem em relações estáveis , o que é visto como sendo incompatível com o exercício da parentalidade (Gross). ...
Pesquisas têm identificado semelhanças entre a heteroparentalidade e a homoparentalidade, tanto no que diz respeito às práticas parentais, como no que se relaciona com o desenvolvimento psicossocial das crianças e jovens. Contudo, comparativamente com o volume de investigação com mães lésbicas, os estudos com famílias homoparentais masculinas são ainda minoritários. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, assim, o de efetuar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre homoparentalidade no masculino. Em primeiro lugar, refletimos acerca dos preconceitos particulares contra a parentalidade gay. Em segundo lugar, revimos os principais estudos com famílias homoparentais masculinas, publicados entre 1979 e 2011. Os resultados das referidas pesquisas foram organizados em torno de cinco temáticas: atitudes face à parentalidade, identidade sexual, relação com o contexto, competência parental e qualidade/dinâmica das relações familiares, e desenvolvimento psicossocial das crianças e jovens. Por último, destacámos algumas limitações e implicações para o futuro da investigação revista.
... 60 Wardle's last assertion is the boldest, as the social science evidence shows that child molestation is overwhelmingly a male activity, with straight men just as or more (depending on the study) prone to it as gay men, and lesbian as well as straight women the least prone. 61 Added to his surprisingly weak factual claims is the striking way Wardle's argumentation rhetorically tracks prejudice-based antihomosexual rhetoric in this century, namely, (1) the hysterical focus on dirty sexual activities such as sodomy, (2) the narcissistic insistence on rigid gender identities, and (3) the obsessional focus on the predatory homosexual seeking to recruit new homosexuals. As in Evans itself, the weak connection between antigay rules and their ostensible policy goals and the strong connection between antigay rules and traditional prejudice are mutually and powerfully reinforcing. ...
Addison C. Harris Lecture, October 27, 1998, Indiana University Law School.
... Notably, sexually abusive clergy were more likely to have dating and sexual experiences with a male than were other clergy members. Even though this is consistent with the stereotype that homosexuals are a threat to children, there is no empirical evidence to support this notion (see Freund, Watson, & Rienzo, 1989;Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994). This stereotype led the Boy Scouts of America to ban gay scout leaders and for the Catholic Church to ban ordination of gay priests. ...
... Por outro lado, alguns estereótipos sobre a homossexualidade masculina põem em causa a capacidade parental dos gays (Gross, 2012). Embora se saiba que o abuso sexual infantil é geralmente perpetrado por homens heterossexuais que fazem parte do ambiente familiar das crianças (e.g., Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994;Maria & Ornelas, 2010), a associação entre homossexualidade e pedofilia é uma crença ainda largamente partilhada (Gross). A esta acrescenta-se o estereótipo de que os gays não investem em relações estáveis , o que é visto como sendo incompatível com o exercício da parentalidade (Gross). ...
Research has mainly identified similarities between lesbian/gay parenting and heterosexual parenting, namely in what concerns parental practices and the psychosocial development of children. However, comparatively with the bulk of research with lesbian mothers, studies with gay fathers are still residual. The purpose of this work was to critically revise the psychological literature about gay fathers and their children. Firstly, we reflected about specific prejudices against gay parenting. Secondly, we revised the most important scientific studies with gay male parents, published between 1979 and 2011. Results of this body of research were organized around five themes: attitudes towards parenthood, sexual identity, relation with the contexts, parental competence and family dynamics/relationship quality, and psychosocial development of children and youngsters. Finally, we highlighted some limitations of the revised research and we drew implications for the future.
... Notably, sexually abusive clergy were more likely to have dating and sexual experiences with a male than were other clergy members. Even though this is consistent with the stereotype that homosexuals are a threat to children, there is no empirical evidence to support this notion (see Freund, Watson, & Rienzo, 1989;Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994). This stereotype led the Boy Scouts of America to ban gay scout leaders and for the Catholic Church to ban ordination of gay priests. ...
Individuals working in churches and other youth-serving institutions have a unique level of access to children, yet the problem of sexual abuse in institutional settings has received scant research attention. To address this gap, we analyzed data from a large sample of clergy (N = 1,121) and applied a social-ecological model of offending to identify risk factors for sexual abuse perpetration. Using a case-control study design that compared clergy sexual abusers with three control groups of clergy, this study focuses specifically on individual-, relationship-, and community-level factors associated with a higher risk of abuse in professional populations. Findings revealed that clergy sexual abusers tended to have more truncated pre-seminary dating histories, and that their dating and sexual partners were more likely to have been male than female. Self-reported sexual abuse history was associated with a greater likelihood of sexual abuse perpetration among clergy. Clergy abusers tended to be more involved with youth and adolescents in their ministries; however, they were observed to relate less well to youth and adolescents than their clergy counterparts. Given widespread changes in our cultural understanding of abuse as well as more specific changes in the organizational approach to seminary education, these differences underscore the role that youth-serving institutions and society can have in the primary prevention of child sexual abuse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... Although most of the perpetrators of sexual abuse tend to be from outside the family, very few of those extrafamilial perpetrators are strangers (Lenderking & Mayer, 1997). Ninety percent or more of perpetrators identify as heterosexual (Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994). Sexual abuse during childhood or adolescence has been associated with a great number of negative outcomes, including increased risk for pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), substance use and abuse, mental health problems, school and family problems, and higher risk of subsequent sexual assault and intimate partner violence (Saewyc, Magee, & Pettingell, 2004). ...
Extrafamilial sexual abuse experiences of young adolescents (ages 10–14), particularly young teen boys, are not well studied. This retrospective chart review study compared psy-chosocial correlates and victimization experiences between young adolescent girls (n 226) and boys (n 64) referred to a hospital child advocacy center. Several differences in risk behaviors and abuse experiences were found: Girls were more likely to have run away, to be truant from school, to report substance use, to have multiple perpetrators, and to have physical findings from the abuse. Boys were more likely to have a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder and to report anal penetration, and rarely disclosed abuse at the time of the incident. Peers were girls' most common choice for disclosing abuse, whereas boys confided most often in their mothers or other adults. These findings suggest sexually abused young adolescent girls and boys need distinct, developmentally appropriate screening and care in school and health care settings.
... Por outro lado, alguns estereótipos sobre a homossexualidade masculina põem em causa a capacidade parental dos gays (Gross, 2012). Embora se saiba que o abuso sexual infantil é geralmente perpetrado por homens heterossexuais que fazem parte do ambiente familiar das crianças (e.g., Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994;Maria & Ornelas, 2010), a associação entre homossexualidade e pedofilia é uma crença ainda largamente partilhada (Gross). A esta acrescenta-se o estereótipo de que os gays não investem em relações estáveis , o que é visto como sendo incompatível com o exercício da parentalidade (Gross). ...
RESUMO Pesquisas têm identificado semelhanças entre a heteroparentalidade e a homoparentalidade, tanto no que diz respeito às práticas parentais, como no que se relaciona com o desenvolvimento psicossocial das crianças e jovens. Contudo, comparativamente com o volume de investigação com mães lésbicas, os estudos com famílias homoparentais masculinas são ainda minoritários. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, assim, o de efetuar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre homoparentalidade no masculino. Em primeiro lugar, refletimos acerca dos preconceitos particulares contra a parentalidade gay. Em segundo lugar, revimos os principais estudos com famílias homoparentais masculinas, publicados entre 1979 e 2011. Os resultados das referidas pesquisas foram organizados em torno de cinco temáticas: atitudes face à parentalidade, identidade sexual, relação com o contexto, competência parental e qualidade/dinâmica das relações familiares, e desenvolvimento psicossocial das crianças e jovens. Por último, destacámos algumas limitações e implicações para o futuro da investigação revista. Palavras-chave: família; paternidade; gays. RESUMEN Investigaciones han identificado similitudes entre heteroparentalidad y la homoparentalidad, tanto en lo referente a prácticas parentales, como al desarrollo psicosocial de los niños y jóvenes. Sin embargo, en comparación con el volumen de investigación sobre madres lesbianas, los estudios con familias homoparentales masculinas siguen siendo la minoría. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre la homoparentalidad masculina. En primer lugar, se reflexiona sobre los prejuicios particulares contra la paternidad gay. En segundo, se revisaron los principales estudios con familias homoparentales formadas por gays, publicados entre 1979 y 2011. Los resultados se organizan en torno a cinco temas: las actitudes hacia la parentalidad, la identidad sexual, la relación con el contexto, la competencia parental y la calidad/dinámica de las relaciones familiares y el desarrollo psicosocial de los niños y jóvenes. Por último, destacamos algunas limitaciones e implicaciones para el futuro de la investigación revista.
... Although none of the offenders were asked about sexual orientation, two were assumed to be homosexual. 20 This sample reflects what could be anticipated from a sample of children whose abuse was discovered relatively soon after the event and who were taken for evaluation: the victims would be predominantly young girls abused by someone they knew. It is not relevant to the problem of clergy abuse, since few of the victims of clergy abuse told anyone what happened until years later. ...
The reports The Nature and Scope of Sexual Abuse of Minors by Catholic Priests and Deacons in the United States 1950- 2002 and the Supplementary Data Analysis, and The Causes and Context study (2011) by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, commissioned by the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, concluded that the childhood and adolescent sexual abuse committed by clergy was totally unrelated to homosexuality. The latest John Jay attempt to explain the deliberate homosexual predation and abuse of adolescent males, the primary victims in the crisis, as a crime of opportunity ignores the severe psychological conflicts and grooming behaviors in priests who offended against minors. This article discusses why the studies used to support the view of the abuse of minors as being not related to homosexuality are not applicable to the problem of clergy childhood sexual abuse. The data in the John Jay reports strongly suggests that homosexual abuse of adolescent males is at the heart of the crisis. The psychological causes of homosexual attraction in men to adolescent males are presented. A number of well-designed studies have found that men with SSA are more likely to have psychiatric and substance abuse disorders and STDs than heterosexual males, and are more likely to have a positive attitude to sexual relations between adult and adolescent males. Competent mentalhealth professionals should offer a second opinion about the causes of the crisis in regard to the psychological conflicts in the priests. Also, priests and seminarians with deep-seated homosexual tendencies have a serious responsibility to pursue appropriate treatment and spiritual direction in order to protect adolescent males, in particular, and the Church from further damage. © 2011 by the Catholic Medical Association. All rights reserved.
... Despite a common myth, homosexual men are not more likely to sexually abuse children than heterosexual men (Jenny, Roesler, & Poyer, 1994). Pedophiles who abuse only boys are different from homosexuals (Gartner, 1999). ...
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... Common prejudices contributing to this include concerns that the children will be stigmatized, that the children are more likely to become homosexual and that gay males are more likely to molest their own children. 21 Despite several studies discrediting these ideas, [22][23][24][25][26][27] universal access to fertility treatment does not exist. ...
Background: With the progression of the gay rights movement, including increased legalization of same sex marriage and parenting options through joint adoption and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), there is support of access to ART regardless of marital status or sexual ori- entation. As an increasing number of gay men are now seeking biological parenthood through gestational surrogacy, there is limited data on the decision making processes and experiences for gay male couples and their Gestational Surrogates (GS) using ART in order to identify po- tential needs for programmatic improvement.
... Um outro mito recorrente é o de que as crianças de pais homossexuais estarão mais sujeitas a situações de abuso sexual. Contudo, o abuso sexual de crianças não se encontra diretamente relacionado com a orientação sexual do indivíduo (Howitt, 1995;Jenny, Roesler & Poyer, 1994;Sarafino, 1979;Stevenson, 2000). ...
... Obavy ohľadne toho, ņe deti lesieb by mohli byť častejńími obeťami moņného zneuņívania zo strany rodičov boli vyvrátené vo výskumoch S t r a n a | 216 (Groth & Birnbaum, 1978;Jenny et al., 1994;Sarafino, 1979) Predpoklady, ņe deti v starostlivosti homosexuálnych párov sú ohrozenejńie sexuálnym násilím nemajú ņiadnu podporu vyplývajúcu z výskumných zistení. ...
This chapter focuses on the provision of counseling treatment to address early life trauma. It begins with a case illustration that is interwoven into the subsequent conceptualization. Descriptions and research related to the function, typical clinical presentations, and impacts of various attachment styles are presented. A normative developmental trajectory is summarized, which includes an in-depth analysis of how a child’s relationship with others influences the growth process. This is followed by an exploration of the effects of early childhood trauma on a person’s psychological growth, including the formation of attachment wounds and their influence on subsequent psychological development. Furthermore, this chapter reviews current best practices associated with the assessment of past trauma and provides treatment-informed guidelines. Lastly, it includes a discussion of applicable cultural, legal, and ethical considerations that one must take into account when working with clients impacted by early trauma.
This chapter addresses a range of factors that interfere with normative sexual functioning and that have been shown to characterize sex offenders. First, descriptions of features that are involved in healthy sexuality are described. These features are discussed as normative and include effective communication, mutual focus during sex, mutual self‐disclosure regarding sexual needs, mutual and solitary masturbation, and, most importantly, information about activities during sex that facilitate mutual sexual pleasure. A description is provided of the normative male and female sexual arousal patterns and desire for sex, and also behaviours that facilitate mental satisfaction. Homosexual relations are presented as normative and as involving issues similar to heterosexual activities (e.g., expressions of love and affection, mutual respect and concern, communication). Sexual preoccupation is outlined and strategies for managing these excessive desires are noted. Finally deviant sexual interests are noted and strategies for changing these interests are described.
¿Importa la orientación sexual de los progenitores? (y si es así, ¿cómo?)
This study argues that institutional psychiatry's pathologizing stance on homosexuality persisted after 1973, when the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. It persisted not only through the well-known diagnoses of "ego-dystonic homosexuality" and "gender identity disorder of childhood," but also through case studies published in four editions of the DSM Casebooks (1981, 1989, 1994, 2002), the APA publications advertised as a "learning companion to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual." These publications contained harmful and false homosexual stereotypes, associating gay men with child abuse, violence, and sexual sadism; associating homosexuality with mental disturbance while failing to similarly mark heterosexuality or bisexuality; associating psychopathology with gay social contexts while failing to similarly mark non-gay social contexts. This study provides evidence that the DSM Casebooks portrayed homosexual women and bisexuals as invisible, and homosexual men as narcissistic, predatory, and dangerous.
This important book broadens our conceptualization of the topic of children and law, addressing a wide-ranging set of issues in need of attention. The authors confront many difficult questions such as: Are the rights that our nation's laws ascribe to children commensurate with their capabilities and needs? How should laws governing the punishment of crime acknowledge developmental differences between adult and juvenile offenders? Throughout the book, the authors consider (a) current laws and policies relating to children; (b) how social science research can test assumptions behind child-relevant laws and policies; (c) ways that courts can become more receptive to social science recommendations; and (d) challenges faced in the 21st century as our society continues its struggle to accommodate children's concerns within our legal system. With its unique integration of psychological research, social policy, and legal analysis, the volume is an important resource for any professional concerned with children and the law.
Bu araştırmada çocuk cinsel istismar olgusunun belirtileri, çocuk üzerindeki etkileri ve çocuk istismarına yönelik müdahale basamaklarının açıklanması amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda alan yazında yapılmış olan araştırma sonuçları ile birlikte çocuk cinsel istismar olgusunun müdahale basamaklarının ve bu müdahale basamaklarının etkili olma düzeyleri tartışılmıştır. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda okul temelli önleyici çalışmaların, çocukların cinsel istismar mağduru olma oranlarındaki düşüşler üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca istismar mağduru çocukların istismar hikâyesinin alınmasında, oyun terapinin, resim çizme ve öykü çalışmalarının istismar mağduru çocuğun kaygısı üzerinde olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer açıdan cinsel istismar olayı sonrasında mağdur olan çocukların sağaltım sürecinde travma odaklı bilişsel davranışçı terapinin deneysel olarak kanıtlanmış en etkili yöntem olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirme çalışmasının sonuçları ilgili alan yazın ışığında tartışılmış ve araştırmacılar ile politika üreticilerine çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.
While much research provides evidence that gay men and lesbians are discriminated against in the U.S. labor force, the contexts in which such bias is enhanced or reduced, or the mechanisms behind it, are harder to pinpoint. This article puts forth that occupational context—and specifically, the stereotypes about gay men and lesbians evoked by certain occupational contexts—plays an important role in shaping bias against gay men and lesbians in the labor force. I argue that people are implicitly guided by cultural stereotypes about gay men and lesbians, which affects perceptions about whether they are suitable for specific occupations. This leads to penalties for being openly gay or lesbian in some occupational scenarios, but may lead to less or no penalties in others. This theory is tested empirically using a list experiment, a methodological technique designed to reduce or eliminate social desirability bias in responses. Results suggest that bias against gay men and lesbians is not standard across all occupations or subgroups of gay employees, but rather, is shaped by important contextual factors that can activate certain stereotypes about gay and lesbian individuals.
Résumé
La paternité gay innovante par ces formes (adoption, PMA et coparentalité) impose aujourd’hui une conformation nouvelle de la famille. Bien qu’une similitude s’observe au travers de toutes les sociétés en ce qui concerne le mariage et le concept de la famille, la systématisation d’un lien entre alliance et filiation n’a jamais fait consensus. La famille bio-conjugale imposée de facto presque dans toutes les sociétés pour et par des considérations ethno-religieuses et ou sociologiques, est un modèle qui se désagrège aujourd’hui au profit d’autres dont l’homoparentalité. Toutefois, toutes les formes de parentés dites innovantes dont la parentalité gay s’emploient à établir un lien intrinsèque original entre la procréation et la filiation et/ou l’alliance et la filiation. Ceci à la faveur de cinq modèles différents que sont : la monoparentalité gay, la biparentalité gay, trois formes de coparentalités gays (exclusive, bipolaire, intégrative). Ainsi, le présent travail décrira et commentera les différentes formes de filiations dans le cadre de la paternité gay.
This article argues for exploring lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) young people's experiences with police. While research examines how factors such as indigeneity influence young peoples' experiences with police, how sexuality and/or gender identity mediates these relationships remains largely unexplored. Key bodies of research suggest a need to explore this area further, including: literature documenting links between homophobic violence against LGBT young people and outcomes such as homelessness that fall within the gambit of policing work; research showing reluctance of LGBT communities to report crime to police; international research documenting homophobic police attitudes and Australian research demonstrating arguably homophobic court outcomes; and research outlining increasing police support of LGBT communities. Drawing on these bodies of literature, this article argues that LGBT young peoples' experiences of policing warrants further research.
The incidence of sexual crimes against children occurs in many areas of Bandar Lampung Municipality. This study aims to explore the condition and the lack of environmental arrangement in Bandar Lampung Municipality, in order to build a safe environment that can prevent sexual crimes in children. The study limits the scope of the material using the mainframe conceptual framework of neighborhood planning (neighborhood planning) and interventions for safe environmen- tal arrangement for children’s lessons from Tokyo Municipality, Japan. This research uses qualitative methods of analysis and verification effort (reliability and validity). The results show that Bandar Lampung City has not implemented a wellplanned environmental plan for the safety of children from crime. The solving of child crimes in Bandar Lampung City is still reactive in tackling criminal cases, not preventive by organizing the residential, school, and other public spaces in a well planned and well managed by the municipal government by involving the surrounding community.
This chapter opens with a discussion on the term “gaydar.” Gaydar works sometimes but not all the time, because it is almost entirely based on identifying “feminine” or “masculine” characteristics. The problem with this method is that an individual's sexual orientation is not tied to his/her own gender but to the gender of the people to whom he/she is attracted. The chapter talks about bisexuals, transgenders, homosexuality, and same-sex relationships. It further discusses the comparisons of gays and lesbians as parents. The fears about same-sex couples raising children may stem from outdated and stereotypical views of lesbians and gay men themselves and the discriminatory belief that they're simply not fit to raise children. Studies have found, for example, that lesbian women and heterosexual women are not particularly different when it comes to either their overall mental health or their approach to child rearing.
W artykule przedstawiono aktualny stan wiedzy na temat wykorzystywania sek-sualnego nieletnich przez księży katolickich, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na badania empiryczne dotyczące profilu sprawcy i wpływu czynników kontekstualnych przemocy. Podkreślono, że jest to grupa atypowych przestępców seksualnych, do któ-rej nie pasuje popularne w mediach wyrażenie ksiądz-pedofil, a także wskazano na konieczność uwzględnienia czynników kontekstualnych przy ocenie tego zjawiska w instytucji o globalnym charakterze, ale działającej w zróżnicowanych warunkach geograficznych i kulturowych. Słowa kluczowe: ksiądz, Kościół katolicki, pedofilia, ofiary, celibat, orientacja seksualna Wprowadzenie P roblematyka wykorzystywania seksualnego nieletnich przez duchownych katolickich1 jest szeroko dyskutowana w mediach, co sprawia wrażenie ja-koby była dobrze poznana. W rezultacie w świadomości społecznej zaczęło 1 W artykule skupiam się wyłącznie na księżach diecezjalnych (świeckich) i zakonnych. Do stanu duchownego zalicza się w Kościele katolickim także diakonów. Wśród przestęp-ców seksualnych wobec nieletnich w Kościele katolickim są także bracia zakonni i siostry zakonne. Zarówno księży (diecezjalnych i zakonnych), jak i zakonników (ojców/braci) oraz zakonnice (siostry) odróżnia się jeszcze od osób świeckich zatrudnionych w instytucjach kościelnych, które również bywają przestępcami seksualnymi w stosunku do nieletnich. Najliczniejszą grupę sprawców stanowią jednak księża i im poświęca się w piśmiennictwie
This quote came from an interview with a now retired, gay male police officer conducted in a research project in 2010. He elaborates how he thinks LGBTIQ people still hold onto old understandings of police interactions. Furthermore, he notes how he thinks about discussions about these historical moments as ‘stereotypes and prejudices’, as though events in the past now shape what people think about police in the present. Interestingly, how he thinks about this contradicts with the way research and commentary tend to document this policing history. There is little doubt that relationships between LGBTIQ people and police have been historically turbulent (Radford, Betts, & Ostermeyer 2006). Discussions about LGBTIQ policing history can tend to chart this as though conflicts are matters in the past, and that we have moved to a more enlightened present as a result of historical events. While the documented accounts of this history rarely follow a fully linear chronology (Dwyer 2014), they can also romanticise a present and assumed future that is or will be ever grounded in sensitive, community-based police relationships.
Children Raised by Gay and Lesbian Parents or CarersWhy does Homophobia Exist in Peer Culture?Adolescence, Sexuality and Popularity among PeersThe Psychological Consequences of Homophobia in AdolescenceChallenging Homophobia: Legislative Issues and Curriculum GuidanceConclusion
Issues for PracticeReferencesAppendix
Introduction Lesbian women and gay men become parents via a number of routes depending on national regulatory legislation, access to health care and the implementation of social policies affecting parenting. Obtaining gametes or embryos from a third party is not always an issue. Both men and women can have conceived children within heterosexual relationships; can adopt where it is legal; and can become the same-sex partner of someone who has a child conceived within a heterosexual relationship, and are therefore considered a co–parent or step–parent. Reproductive donation is involved when lesbians become mothers using sperm, eggs or embryos (the latter two usually only if the woman is infertile) from a donor who is anonymous, known or open–identity. Recent legislative changes in the UK now allow both women of a couple to be named on their child’s birth certificate. Lesbians and gay men can donate eggs and sperm, respectively, to lesbian or straight women and conceive a child with the intention of having or not having a parenting role. For a gay man to become a parent using reproductive donation he needs both a surrogate and a source of eggs (or possibly embryos), which may or may not be donated by the surrogate.In this chapter we discuss some of the ethical debates surrounding same–sex parenting, which we define as gay or lesbian couples becoming joint parents using gametes or embryos from a third party. We are not considering issues for those of other sexual orientations. Our discussion is confined to the context of countries where same-sex relations are legal and where lesbian women and gay men have at least some access to parenthood through donation. The legal and social implications for same–sex parenting outside of this context, as well as lesbian and gay (L&G) rights more generally, are beyond the scope of this chapter.
Most youth, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity, are supported by their families and peers as they progress through adolescence, including the establishment of gender identity and the exploration of sexuality. Unfortunately, many lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth experience social stigma and abuse from their families and peers, interrupting normative development, threatening mental and physical health, and leading to a series of negative outcomes for some LGBT youth, including school failure and truancy, family conflict, placement in group and foster homes, homelessness, and involvement in the juvenile justice system. In this chapter, Garnette and colleagues provide a framework for understanding healthy adolescent development, the ways that social stigma and abuse can arrest healthy adolescent development and the often harmful effects of detention, presenting new research on the links between social stigma and abuse and juvenile detention. It also offers policy and programmatic recommendations for meeting the needs of this vulnerable and mostly invisible population.
Sexual abuse or exploitation of children is never acceptable. Such behavior by health care providers is particularly concerning because of the trust that children and their families place on adults in the health care profession. The American Academy of Pediatrics strongly endorses the social and moral prohibition against sexual abuse or exploitation of children by health care providers. The academy opposes any such sexual abuse or exploitation by providers, particularly by the academy's members. Health care providers should be trained to recognize and abide by appropriate provider-patient boundaries. Medical institutions should screen staff members for a history of child abuse issues, train them to respect and maintain appropriate boundaries, and establish policies and procedures to receive and investigate concerns about patient abuse. Each person has a responsibility to ensure the safety of children in health care settings and to scrupulously follow appropriate legal and ethical reporting and investigation procedures.
Sexuality and sensuality contribute to a person's self-concept, which influences self-esteem and relationships with others throughout life. There are many myths surrounding ageing and sexuality fuelled by assumptions that libido and sexual needs decline along with the loss of culturally valued signs of beauty or handsomeness. By 75–85 years of age, only one-quarter of the population is sexually active; the reasons for this are many and include psychosocial factors such as loss of a partner, age-related physiological changes and illness. In older women, the major problems are reduced libido, poor lubrication and inability to climax. In males, erectile dysfunction is the central problem. Health problems are the major reason for a decline in sexuality with ageing. Drugs for the management of erectile dysfunction (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors) and new delivery systems to treat low libido (patches, nasal, gels, injections of testosterone) are revolutionizing sexuality in older persons. There is increased awareness of the special needs of the older homosexual. Paraphilias are life-long and do not necessarily disappear with ageing. Management of inappropriate and aggressive sexual behaviours in older persons with dementia is a major problem.
Thousands of children are awaiting placement with adoptive families in the United States. However, agency practices in selecting appropriate families are slow to change, with gay men and lesbians often facing various barriers. As such, the decision-making model often used by child-placement agencies does not adequately consider the impact of the social workers’ socialization factors and attitudes when making placement recommendations. In this article, the current theoretical model used in determining placements is critically examined and the fundamental determinants influencing social workers’ placement recommendations are empirically examined from a social constructionist perspective. Using a path analysis, significant socialization factors are identified, potential implications for practice and policy are discussed, and questions for further research are posed.
Judges carry the burden of making custody decisions based on multiple factors. Parental sexual orientation is one increasingly considered. This survey assessed the opinions and knowledge of family court judges from eight East Coast states. A one-page survey was mailed to judges, comparing multiple demographic characteristics. Geographic location reflected significant differences comparing Northeastern to Southeastern United States, Deep South states to border Southern states, and a state allowing same-sex civil unions to other Northern states. Awareness regarding available guidelines and current literature correlated positively with fewer negative opinions related to parental sexual orientation; however, causation of the correlation was unclear.
In recent years a growing recognition of same sex unions as culturally and socially acceptable has led inevitably to a parallel acceptance of such unions as a foundation for family. Advances in gay rights, the liberalization of legal restraints, and the increasing availability of assisted reproduction have led to more men and women being open about their homosexuality, open about their relationships, and open about their desire to become parents within the context of a same sex relationship. As a result, fertility programs have experienced a growing demand for service from same sex couples seeking parenthood through alternative reproductive techniques. This movement has culminated in a phenomenon commonly referred to as the “gay baby boom”.
Conception for same sex couples requires assisted reproduction by definition. As such, gay men and women considering parenthood through these means face a decision-making process not common to heterosexual couples. For example, lesbian couples entering fertility treatment need to give consideration as to who will carry the pregnancy and how to choose a sperm donor. Gay male couples need to give consideration as to who will provide the sperm as well as how to choose an egg donor and a surrogate.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.