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Homosexuality and the American Left:: The Impact of Stonewall
Abstract
Following the Stonewall Riots in New York City in June 1969, the left had to reassess negative appraisals of homosexuality that prevailed among virtually all leftist currents. Pressure for change came from within and from without. By the mid-1970s, three approaches had emerged: (1) radical support for sexual liberation and acceptance of same-sex love as being on a par with heterosexuality; (2) liberal support for the civil rights of homosexuals but without challenging heterosupremacy; and (3) continued adherence to the (Stalinist) view that homosexuality is a form of "bourgeois decadence" alien to the working class. This essay assesses the ways in which the left adapted to the new challenges that confronted it, with particular focus on attitudes toward the nature of homosexuality and its relation to the broader goals of the left.
... Kerusuhan terjadi ketika tahanan bereaksi terhadap kondisi sekitarnya (misalnya, Colvin 1982;Useem dan Resig 1999). Kerusuhan yang meletus di New York City setelah polisi menggerebek sebuah tempat gay terkenal telah dikenal sebagai kerusuhan Stonewall (diambil dari nama tempat hiburan malam yang digerebek) dan menandai awal dari gerakan hak-hak gay (Teal 1971;Thorstad 1995). Hal ini adalah salah satu dari sedikit gerakan sosial di mana tanggal gerakan itu pertama kali mengambil tindakan publik dapat ditetapkan. ...
Buku ini adalah akumulasi kekesalan dan pengalaman penulis sebagai pengajar matakuliah Pengantar Sosiologi. Salah satu tantangan utama adalah bagaimana menjelaskan jalinan konsep dan teori dalam sosiologi dengan cara yang paling sederhana. Jika saya mengatakan interaksi sosial, semua orang melakukan itu tanpa disadari. Namun memahami interaksi sosial secara teoritik adalah hal yang amat berbeda. Sama halnya dengan berbagai konsep lain, misalnya stratifikasi sosial, konflik sosial, dan lain sebagainya. Belajar dari pengalaman, bahwa mahasiswa yang saya temui mengalami kesulitan mendasar untuk melihat keterkaitan antarteori, yang boleh jadi disebabkan karena dua hal. Pertama, boleh jadi karena mahasiswa yang saya temui bukan dari major sosiologi. Kedua, boleh jadi karena sebagai generasi Z, mahasiswa ini cenderung untuk selalu kembali ke dunia maya untuk mencari jawaban. Jika saya bertanya tentang konsep interaksi sosial, maka mereka hanya menjelaskan bahwa interaksi adalah hubungan antar individu. Mereka tidak melihat, atau tidak merasa perlu melihat, bagaimana interaksi berkaitan dengan pelapisan sosial, dengan gejala bahasa, dengan relasi kekuasaan. Maka tidak heran jika mereka memahami konsep sepotong- sepotong tanpa melihat keterkaitan antar konsep. Menjawab kedua tantangan tersebut, maka saya memilih untuk menjadikan buku ini bukan sebagai buku pegangan, melainkan pintu masuk untuk masuk ke dalam belantara konsep dan teori dalam sosiologi. Keputusan saya untuk menjelaskan berbagai konsep dan teori dalam satu payung besar, yang kemudian ditarik ke dalam pecahan dan kerangka yang lebih kecil adalah cara saya untuk menjelaskan bagaimana keterkaitan antara satu konsep dengan konsep lainnya.
... The major catalyst for the alignment of political ideologies with sexual preference was the 1969 Stonewall riot in New York City. At the time, the political left moved away from the Stalinist view that homosexuality is a form of bourgeois decadence alien to the working class, and instead adopted the idea that individuals should have the freedom to use their body as they wish (Thorstad, 1995). ...
This article examines the ideological connections between the Left and the gay movement from the 1930s to the 1970s. Using the concepts of spillover, spin-off, and collective identity, I develop a model of social movement connections and splits that stresses the dialectical relationship between the individual identities of social movement participants and the collective identity of the movement within different organizational structures. Using this model, I argue that the organizational centralization of the Old Left in the Communist Party prevented early "gay" activists from extending the collective identity of the Left to accommodate issues of same-sex oppression; alternatively, the organizational fluidity of the New Left encouraged a more flexible understanding of collective identity, and same-sex oppression was incorporated into the rhetoric, albeit in a limited way and for a brief period. This model not only helps to identify the ideological innovations of the gay movement but also contributes to the recent social movement literature concerned with bridging the micro and macro levels of analysis.
From the 19th century to the present, cities have played a central role in the introduction, transmission, and control of infectious diseases. Throughout this period, immigration, commerce, transportation, and an expanding habitat have introduced infectious agents into urban populations. Transmission is enhanced through concentrated poverty and segregation, decaying infrastructure, and patterns of social behavior and substance abuse. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic medical technologies and public health interventions, infectious diseases present an ongoing threat to urban populations. Multiple levels of factors can affect the introduction and spread of disease, including individual factors, local social and physical environments, municipal policies, and national and international trends. In the short run, few public health authorities have the capacity or resources to intervene on all levels to achieve control of infectious diseases. Reducing poverty, segregation, and substance abuse are worthy but long-term goals. Fortunately, evidence from the public health responses to resurgence and outbreaks of disease, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and AIDS, shows that even limited activities can make an immediate difference. Aggressive case finding, isolation, and treatment accomplished a reversal of the resurgence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in New York City.123 Some evidence suggests that outreach education and programs such as needle exchange resulted in drastically lower incidence of HIV infection in New York and other cities.124, 125 To build on these successes and short-term strategies, funding for surveillance (locally and nationally), detection (including state, national, and international reference laboratories), clinician training, public education, and accessible and affordable preventive and therapeutic services applied broadly at the local and national levels is needed to achieve sustained control of infectious diseases. Social supports, community agencies, civic association, and market influences have received limited attention in the public health literature for the role they might play, but they hold great potential for incorporation into a strong long-term strategy. The example of the mobilization of the gay community to educate about AIDS, provide supportive services, and lobby for successful modifications of regulatory practices for novel medications is instructive and should be developed for use by other populations. In the development and implementation of a strategy for immediate as well as sustained responses to the spread of infectious diseases in cities, a broad conceptual approach should be considered that takes into account control at multiple levels.
For many years in social work, as in many other professions and disciplines, very little was known about gay men and lesbians. There was an even greater dearth of knowledge regarding gay men and lesbians as they move through the aging process. Social work has been criticized for its ignorance, intolerance, and insensitivity in this area. Following the Stonewall Riots in 1969, there was an emergence of both interest and research into homosexuality and, subsequently, homosexuality and aging. The authors critically examine the current status of social work regarding practice and research with older gays and lesbians and presents recommendations for both practice and research.
This volume fills a gap in the literature on planning and the development of queer spaces. It highlights the resistance there has been within the planning profession to incorporate gay and lesbian concerns into the planning mainstream. Bringing together leading academic planners and geographers, it reflects on the ways in which issues germane to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community have been slowly integrated into the planning mainstream, as well as those topics on which there is more work to do.
This article examines the ideological connections between the Left and the gay movement from the 1930s to the 1970s. Using the concepts of spillover, spin-off, and collective identity, I develop a model of social movement connections and splits that stresses the dialectical relationship between the individual identities of social movement participants and the collective identity of the movement within different organizational structures. Using this model, I argue that the organizational centralization of the Old Left in the Communist Party prevented early "gay" activists from extending the collective identity of the Left to accommodate issues of same-sex oppression; alternatively, the organizational fluidity of the New Left encouraged a more flexible understanding of collective identity, and same-sex oppression was incorporated into the rhetoric, albeit in a limited way and for a brief period. This model not only helps to identify the ideological innovations of the gay movement but also contributes to the recent social movement literature concerned with bridging the micro and macro levels of analysis.
A review on the synthesis and biological activity of substituted amides, ylidenehydrazides, and acylhydrazides of 1,4-dicarboxylic
(succinic, maleic, citraconic, fumaric, and phthalic) acids and their derivatives is presented. The well-known and recent
data on the preparation of amides and hydrazides of dicarboxylic acids used in the synthesis of these biologically active
compounds are summarized. Detailed information on the biological activity of amides and hydrazides of dicarboxylic acids and
their derivatives (salts, esters, amides, and hydrazides) is provided.
The present report is a review of all 554 papers published on Medline on pedophilia. The first discussion is the history of the disorder from ancient Greece to the present time, especially the influence of the liberal country of the Netherlands, the North American Man-Boy Love Association, and the sexual crisis in the Catholic Church. One important question is the relationship between homosexual pedophilia and adult homosexuality. Evidence for and against this relationship is presented. Next discussed are the characteristics of the victim and the long lasting serious effects of sexual abuse. Laboratory correlations are included, especially phallometric tests in order to objectively measure the physical responses to sexual stimuli. Electrophysiological and radiographic tests are also mentioned, including electroencephalography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography scans. An important section is the characterization of pedophiles with emphasis on their frequent previous sexual abuse, their past, their present, and their anticipated future. The final topic is treatment of this disorder with surgery, medication, behavioral therapy and the combination of medication and behavioral therapy.
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