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The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10
Abstract
The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) is a short structured diagnostic interview, developed jointly by psychiatrists and clinicians in the United States and Europe, for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders. With an administration time of approximately 15 minutes, it was designed to meet the need for a short but accurate structured psychiatric interview for multicenter clinical trials and epidemiology studies and to be used as a first step in outcome tracking in nonresearch clinical settings. The authors describe the development of the M.I.N.I. and its family of interviews: the M.I.N.I.-Screen, the M.I.N.I.-Plus, and the M.I.N.I.-Kid. They report on validation of the M.I.N.I. in relation to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Patient Version, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and expert professional opinion, and they comment on potential applications for this interview.
... Psychiatric disorders, including PTSD, were assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; Sheehan et al., 1998). The MINI has shown good psychometric properties in assessing PTSD, with a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 96% and a Cohen's kappa of 0.78. ...
... Have you ever experienced or witnessed or had to deal with an extremely traumatic event that included actual or threatened death or serious injury to you or someone else? Examples of traumatic events include: Serious accidents, sexual or physical assault, a terrorist attack, being held hostage, kidnapping, fire, discovering a body, war, or natural disaster, witnessing the violent or sudden death of someone close to you, or a life threatening illness (Sheehan et al., 1998). ...
Purpose
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) occurs in 1-1.5% of the general population and possibly in up to 20% of psychiatric outpatients. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) occurs at some point in life in 4% of the general population and in 14–20% of psychiatric outpatients. Knowledge about how PTSD manifests in people with ASD is important in order for it to be correctly diagnosed and intervened for.
Methods
This study investigated the relationship between PTSD and autism among adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 90) of whom 63 had ASD or subthreshold ASD based on DSM-5 criteria. The study group was subjected to in-depth psychiatric assessments using validated instruments. Diagnosis of PTSD was made based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).
Results
There was a trend towards PTSD being more common among participants with ASD compared to participants without ASD, although significant differences could not be shown in this small sample. 21% of the ASD group had current PTSD, compared to 4% of the study group without ASD. There were no differences between the groups regarding exposure to trauma. There was a trend towards a relationship between number of autism symptoms and hyperarousal symptoms in PTSD. Conversely, the PTSD symptom of irritability/outbursts of anger, was significantly associated with number of autism symptoms.
Conclusions
A subgroup of psychiatric outpatients with ASD also suffer from PTSD. Hyperarousal symptoms are possibly more prevalent in the presentation of PTSD in individuals/patients with ASD compared to those without ASD.
... Thus, our theoretically driven approach provides unique insights that may have been missed by previous studies that either relied only on task-free data or mined large numbers of features using exploratory data analysis techniques. In our sample of 801 participants with depression and anxiety (95% of whom were unmedicated), the use of the same fMRI sequences, symptoms and behavioral measures enabled us to clinically validate theory-driven biotypes and demonstrate that they differ in symptom 32 or DSM-IV (iSPOT-D) 33 criteria for major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder were ascertained by a psychiatrist, general practitioner or research personnel using the structured interview, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 34 . In the ENGAGE sample, patients were considered eligible if they scored ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), a threshold with 88% specificity for major depressive disorder 35 , and had a qualifying BMI at study screening. ...
... DSM-IV-TR (RAD), DSM-5 (HCP-DES) or DSM-IV (iSPOT-D) criteria for major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder were ascertained by a psychiatrist, general practitioner or researcher using the structured MINI 34 . In ENGAGE, patients were considered eligible if they scored ≥10 on the PHQ-9, a threshold with 88% specificity for major depressive disorder 35 , and had a qualifying body mass index (BMI). ...
There is an urgent need to derive quantitative measures based on coherent neurobiological dysfunctions or ‘biotypes’ to enable stratification of patients with depression and anxiety. We used task-free and task-evoked data from a standardized functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol conducted across multiple studies in patients with depression and anxiety when treatment free (n = 801) and after randomization to pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy (n = 250). From these patients, we derived personalized and interpretable scores of brain circuit dysfunction grounded in a theoretical taxonomy. Participants were subdivided into six biotypes defined by distinct profiles of intrinsic task-free functional connectivity within the default mode, salience and frontoparietal attention circuits, and of activation and connectivity within frontal and subcortical regions elicited by emotional and cognitive tasks. The six biotypes showed consistency with our theoretical taxonomy and were distinguished by symptoms, behavioral performance on general and emotional cognitive computerized tests, and response to pharmacotherapy as well as behavioral therapy. Our results provide a new, theory-driven, clinically validated and interpretable quantitative method to parse the biological heterogeneity of depression and anxiety. Thus, they represent a promising approach to advance precision clinical care in psychiatry.
... Patients who had already been diagnosed using structured clinical interviews were recruited on a voluntary basis from the Mood Disorder outpatient treatment facilities of the Helsinki University Hospital Mood Disorder Division, Turku University Central Hospital Department of Psychiatry, and City of Espoo Mental Health Services. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview [35] was used for the diagnosis of MDD and BD, and the Structured Clinical Interview-II [36] was used for BPD. The patients with any psychotic features, concurrent substance use disorder, or imminent risk of suicide were excluded. ...
Mood disorders (MD) are among the most common mental health conditions worldwide, significantly contributing to mortality, morbidity, and disability rates. Individuals generate digital traces through their interactions with wearable and consumer-grade personal digital devices. These traces can be collected, processed, and analyzed, offering a unique opportunity to quantify and monitor individuals with mental disorders in their natural living environments. Various forms of digital traces from the use of smartphones and other personal digital devices hold the potential to reveal new behavioral markers associated with depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders. We conducted an observational longitudinal study, MoMo-Mood Pilot, involving a cohort of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and a healthy control group without any diagnosed mental disorder to confirm the feasibility of our digital phenotyping study design. Upon confirming feasibility, we conducted a year-long, more extensive study, MoMo-Mood, with a similar design. This study comprised (1) three subcohorts of patients with a major depressive episode (MDE), including those with either MDD, bipolar disorder (BD), or concurrent borderline personality disorder (BPD), as well as (2) a healthy control group without any diagnosed mental disorder. We investigated whether differences in behavioral patterns, as quantified by passively collected digital trace data, could be observed at the group level, i.e., patients vs. healthy controls. We studied the volume and temporal patterns of smartphone screen and application usage, communication, sleep, mobility, and physical activity. Additionally, we examined which of the passively quantified behavioral features and sociodemographic factors are associated with the presence of depression in study participants at different points in time. MoMo-Mood Pilot and MoMo-Mood recruited 201 participants. The pilot study enrolled 14 patients with MDD and 23 healthy controls. The participants completed a 2-phase study: the first two weeks (the active phase) involved collecting data from bed sensors, actigraphy, and smartphone data passively collected through the Niima platform. Additionally, participants had to actively engage with the study by answering five sets of questions daily, prompted on their smartphones throughout the day. In the second phase (the passive phase), which lasted up to 1 year, only passive smartphone data and bi-weekly Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessments were collected. The MoMo-Mood study, which had a similar setting to the pilot study, enrolled 164 participants: 133 were patients diagnosed with current MDE through structured interviews (85 with MDD, 27 with BPD, and 21 with BD), and 31 were healthy controls. Survival analysis was performed to compare the adherence of healthy controls and the patient subcohorts. Statistical tests were performed to compare behavioral patterns, and a generalized linear mixed model was used to assess the association between different factors and the presence of depression. The study design was proven feasible upon completing the pilot study. Survival analysis using the log-rank test showed no statistically significant difference in participants adherence between subcohorts. The overall communication volume was similar in both groups, but the weekly temporal patterns revealed distinct preferences as the controls typically made or received calls in the afternoon. Regarding location patterns, significant differences emerged: weekday location variance showed lower values for patients, and normalized entropy of location was also lower among patients. However, no differences were observed in weekend location patterns. The temporal communication patterns for controls were found to be more diverse than that of patients (MWU test, p<0.001). In contrast, patients' smartphone usage temporal patterns were more varied than the controls. Investigating mobile-derived behaviors and their relationship with the concurrent presence of depression, we observed that the duration of outgoing calls over the past two weeks was negatively correlated with the presence of depression. Conversely, longer durations of incoming calls and a larger proportion of time spent at home were positively associated with the presence of depression. This work demonstrates the design of a longitudinal digital phenotyping study harnessing data from a cohort of patients with depression. It also shows the important features and data streams for future analyses of behavioral markers of mood disorders. However, among outpatients with mild to moderate depressive disorders, their group-level differences from healthy controls in any of the modalities alone remain overall modest. Therefore, future studies need to be able to combine data from multiple domains and modalities to detect more subtle differences, identify individualized signatures, and combine passive monitoring data with clinical ratings.
... Participants registered in response to advertisements distributed online and on public transport in Bydgoszcz (Poland). At the same time, participants had to meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) age: 60-75 years old or 20-35 years old, where the 60-75 age group is classified as early late-adulthood, and the 20-35 group as early adulthood [22]; (2) no mental illness and neurological disorders (verified by structured interview and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview -M.I.N.I. 7.0 [23]; (3) normal or corrected-to-normal vision; (4) no dementia symptoms (verified in older adults with the Polish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE, which was purchased from the Psychological Testing Laboratory of the Polish Psychological Association, which holds the rights to the MMSE on the Polish market.) [24]; (5) signing an informed consent to participate in the study (after familiarizing oneself with the aim of the study and the conditions of participation, as well as having received satisfactory answers to all questions). ...
Objective
Numerous studies confirm the effectiveness of cognitive training in older adults. However, there is limited evidence of the transfer occurrence. The part of the study presented here tested the effect of 12 process-based working memory training sessions on the performance of the trained task (training effect) and other cognitive tasks (transfer effect). A pretest-posttest study design with one experimental group and two control (passive and active) groups. The sample comprised three groups of older adults: experimental (n = 25), passive control (n = 22), active control (n = 7), and young adults: experimental (n = 25), passive control (n = 25), and active control (n = 12). The study was registered after completion with a ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06235840 on 31 January 2024.
Results
Under the influence of training, the performance of the trained task improved significantly, but only in young adults. Transfer of WM training effects was not revealed. Among young adults, a testing effect was observed for the indicator of attentional focus and psychomotor speed. Moreover, the obtained results suggest the transfer from practice in multi-domain training, implemented in the active control group, to tasks that require the use of fluid intelligence. However, this finding should be interpreted with great caution due to the small size of active control groups.
... Participants in this study were 54 adults who were enrolled in the metacognitive reflection and insight therapy trial at the Psychology Community Clinic at Bar-Ilan University in Israel (trial number: NCT03427580). Participants approached the clinic voluntarily, seeking therapy due to psychological problems and having been diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, self-reported and then confirmed via the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Axis I Diagnostic 5.0 (Sheehan et al., 1998), which was conducted at intake. The present study was based on the baseline-pre-intervention data of these participants. ...
Self-stigma is a common phenomenon among people with schizophrenia and is related to negative outcomes such as psychological distress as well as poor emotion regulation (ER). However, few studies have examined possible moderators or mediators in the association between ER and self-stigma. In the present study, we examined two competing models regarding the role of depression as a moderator or mediator in the relationship between ER as an independent variable and self-stigma as a dependent variable among individuals with schizophrenia. Fifty-four adults diagnosed with schizophrenia took part in the study. Participants filled out questionnaires about self-stigma, depression, and ER, and data was analyzed cross-sectional. Results showed positive associations between self-stigma, deficits in ER, and depression. An examination of moderation and mediation models of depression did not show support for the moderation role of depression but rather for its mediating role between ER and self-stigma. Namely, difficulties in ER were associated with greater depression, which, in turn, was associated with higher levels of self-stigma. Our study expands the understanding regarding the association between impaired ER as it might relate to the formation of self-stigma and highlights the importance of depression as a mediator between them. It also stresses the need to improve ER abilities as a possible means to reduce negative effects such as depression and self-stigma among people with schizophrenia.
... Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.; Sheehan et al., 1998). The M.I.N.I. is a semistructured, diagnostic interview that we adapted with permission of the author to assess DSM-5 symptoms. ...
We aimed to determine and compare the longitudinal predictive power of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition’s (DSM-5) two models of personality disorder (PD) for multiple clinically relevant outcomes. A sample of 600 community-dwelling adults—half recruited by calling randomly selected phone numbers and screening-in for high-risk for personality pathology and half in treatment for mental health problems—completed an extensive battery of self-report and interview measures of personality pathology, clinical symptoms, and psychosocial functioning. Of these, 503 returned for retesting on the same measures an average of 8 months later. We used Time 1 interview data to assess DSM-5 personality pathology, both the Section-II PDs and the alternative (DSM-5) model of personality disorder’s (AMPD) Criterion A (impairment) and Criterion B (adaptive-to-maladaptive-range trait domains and facets). We used these measures to predict 20 Time 2 functioning outcomes. Both PD models significantly predicted functioning-outcome variance, albeit modestly—averaging 12.6% and 17.9% (Section-II diagnoses and criterion counts, respectively) and 15.2% and 23.2% (AMPD domains and facets, respectively). Each model significantly augmented the other in hierarchical regressions, but the AMPD domains (6.30%) and facets (8.62%) predicted more incremental variance than the Section-II diagnoses (3.74%) and criterion counts (3.31%), respectively. Borderline PD accounted for just over half of Section II’s predictive power, whereas the AMPD’s predictive power was more evenly distributed across components. We note the predictive advantages of dimensional models and articulate the theoretical and clinical advantages of the AMPD’s separation of personality functioning impairment from how this is manifested in personality traits.
... DSM-5 diagnosis was confirmed by either the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, v. 7.0.2 (41) or the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (42). Twenty-three participants had schizophrenia and 7 had schizoaffective disorder. ...
Introduction
Suicidal ideation and behavior (SIB) are serious problems in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Nevertheless, relatively little is known about the circuitry underlying SIB in SSD. Recently, we showed that elevated emotional impulsivity (urgency) was associated with SIB in SSD. Here we examined brain activity in people with SSD and elevated SIB.
Methods
We tested 16 people with SSD who had low SIB and 14 people with high SIB on a task in which emotion regulation in response to affective pictures was implicitly manipulated using spoken sentences. Thus, there were neutral pictures preceded by neutral statements (NeutNeut condition), as well as negative pictures preceded by either negative (NegNeg) or neutral (NeutNeg) statements. After each picture, participants rated how unpleasant each picture was for them. The latter two conditions were compared to the NeutNeut condition. We compared the emotion-regulated condition (NeutNeg) to the unregulated condition (NeutNeut). Statistics were threshold using threshold free cluster enhancement (TFCE).
Results
People in the low SIB group showed higher activation in this contrast in medial frontal gyrus, right rostral anterior cingulate, bilateral superior frontal gyrus/DLPFC, and right middle cingulate gyrus, as well as right superior temporal gyrus.
Discussion
This study provides clues to the neural basis of SIB in SSD as well as underlying mechanisms.
... Our version of the interview was adapted according to the 5th version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The M.I.N.I. shows excellent inter-rater reliability andgood to excellent test-retest reliability for both clinical and primary care populations(Sheehan et al., 1998). ...
Objective
Cognitive theories emphasize the central role of anger and anger suppression in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). According to these theories, anger suppression is seen as a consequence of OCD, whereas cognitive beliefs, such as an inflated sense of responsibility, are seen as antecedent factors. To extend the findings from cross‐sectional studies, the current study investigated the temporal associations between OCD symptoms, an inflated sense of responsibility, and anger suppression. Consistent with cognitive considerations, we hypothesized that OCD symptoms mediate the association between feelings of responsibility and anger suppression. These associations were also explored in patients presenting particularly high checking‐related symptoms. Further, the stability of effects beyond controlling for depressive symptoms and medication intake was explored.
Methods
A total of N = 48 patients with OCD (50% female, M = 32.46 [ SD = 10.63] years of age) completed measures on obsessive beliefs, OCD symptoms, and anger suppression at three assessment points: before and after a metacognitive intervention as well as at a follow‐up 6 months later. Mediation models investigating symptom associations at these three timepoints were conducted. Exploratory analyses investigating these associations in individuals presenting high checking‐related symptoms ( n = 20) and testing the stability of effects beyond controlling for depressive symptoms and medication intake were conducted.
Results
The sense of responsibility did not significantly predict the level of anger suppression. A temporal association between OCD symptoms (as assessed with the self‐report measure) and anger suppression could be evidenced, which was stable beyond controlling for depressive symptoms and medication intake. Against the expectations based on cognitive theories, the sense of responsibility did not predict OCD symptoms. No mediating effect of OCD symptoms was found.
Conclusion
In line with cognitive viewpoints, the present study shows that higher OCD symptoms predict higher levels of anger suppression in a longitudinal design, thereby contributing to the suppression of anger. This effect seems to be independent from depressive symptoms and medication intake. The effect of sense of responsibility on OCD symptoms was less clear and could only be found in the subgroup of patients with OCD and checking‐related symptoms, who generally presented higher levels of responsibility. Overall, this is the first study demonstrating temporal associations between OCD symptoms and anger suppression. Acknowledging that anger and anger suppression may be a consequence of OCD symptoms and may also affect aspects of psychotherapy, which can ultimately inform future adjustments to psychotherapeutic treatment.
... CUD participants were recruited by author NS from the addiction unit of the Timone University Hospital in Marseille (France). All met DSM-V criteria for current cocaine addiction and underwent the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) [54]. In individuals with CUD, additional substance abuse was observed with amphetamines (n = 1), opioids (n = 1), alcohol (n = 2), and multiple substances (n = 5). ...
Addictions often develop in a social context, although the influence of social factors did not receive much attention in the neuroscience of addiction. Recent animal studies suggest that peer presence can reduce cocaine intake, an influence potentially mediated, among others, by the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, there is to date no neurobiological study investigating this mediation in humans. This study investigated the impact of social context and drug cues on brain correlates of inhibitory control in individuals with and without cocaine use disorder (CUD) using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Seventeen CUD participants and 17 healthy controls (HC) performed a novel fMRI “Social” Stop-Signal Task (SSST) in the presence or absence of an observer while being exposed to cocaine-related (vs. neutral) cues eliciting craving in drug users. The results showed that CUD participants, while slower at stopping with neutral cues, recovered control level stopping abilities with cocaine cues, while HC did not show any difference. During inhibition (Stop Correct vs Stop Incorrect), activity in the right STN, right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) varied according to the type of cue. Notably, the presence of an observer reversed this effect in most areas for CUD participants. These findings highlight the impact of social context and drug cues on inhibitory control in CUD and the mediation of these effects by the right STN and bilateral OFC, emphasizing the importance of considering the social context in addiction research. They also comfort the STN as a potential addiction treatment target.
... Patients were recruited from the practices or hospital-based clinics of the participating clinicians. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age 18 and over 2) diagnosed by their treating clinician with MDD using DSM-5 criteria 34 3) MDD diagnosis con rmed via a blinded rater who completed the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 35 and 4) at least moderate severity, as assessed by a blinded rater completing the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (using a cutoff of 20) 36 . Patients must have been able to 5) provide their own informed consent and 6) needed to agree to be treated by their clinician for depression, understanding that they might use a range of approved treatments which might be presented in the CDSS, and understanding they were able to provide or withhold consent for any particular treatment. ...
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability and there is a paucity of tools to personalize and manage treatments. A cluster-randomized, patient-and-rater-blinded, clinician-partially-blinded study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Aifred Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) facilitating algorithm-guided care and predicting medication remission probabilities using clinical data. Clinicians were randomized to the Active (CDSS access) or Active-Control group (questionnaires and guidelines access). Primary outcome was remission (<11 points on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at study exit). Of 74 eligible patients, 61 (42 Active, 19 Active-Control) completed at least two MADRS (analysis set). Remission was higher in the Active group (n = 12/42 (28.6%)) compared to Active-Control (0/19 (0%)) (p = 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). No adverse events were linked to the CDSS. This is the first effective and safe longitudinal use of an artificial intelligence-powered CDSS to improve MDD outcomes.
... DSM-IV diagnosis of SZ was confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), with at least one psychotic episode and maximum of 15-year disease duration since diagnosis (Sheehan et al., 1998). SZ patients were allowed to be on stable antipsychotic/anticholinergic/antidepressant medication dosage for at least eight weeks, and were 18-45 years old. ...
Social dysfunction represents one of the most common signs of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Schizophrenia (SZ) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Perturbed socioaffective neural processing is crucially implicated in SZ/AD and generally linked to social dysfunction. Yet, transdiagnostic properties of social dysfunction and its neuro-biological underpinnings remain unknown. As part of the European PRISM project, we examined whether social dysfunction maps onto shifts within socioaffective brain systems across SZ and AD patients. We probed coupling of social dysfunction with socioaffective neural processing, as indexed by an implicit facial emotional processing fMRI task, across SZ (N = 46), AD (N = 40) and two age-matched healthy control (HC) groups (N = 26 HC-younger and N = 27 HC-older). Behavioural (i.e., social withdrawal, interpersonal dysfunction, diminished prosocial or recreational activity) and subjective (i.e., feelings of loneliness) aspects of social dysfunction were assessed using the Social Functioning Scale and De Jong-Gierveld loneliness questionnaire, respectively. Across SZ/AD/HC participants, more severe behavioural social dysfunction related to hyperactivity within fronto-parieto-limbic brain systems in response to sad emotions (P = 0.0078), along with hypoactivity of these brain systems in response to happy emotions (P = 0.0418). Such relationships were not found for subjective experiences of social dysfunction. These effects were independent of diagnosis, and not confounded by clinical and sociodemographic factors. In conclusion, behavioural aspects of social dysfunction across SZ/AD/HC participants are associated with shifts within fronto-parieto-limbic brain systems. These findings pinpoint altered socioaffective neural processing as a putative marker for social dysfunction, and could aid personalized care initiatives grounded in social behaviour.
... Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 7.0.2) is a revised version for both DSM-5 and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. [19] It assesses the 17 most common psychiatric disorders taking 20-30 min. ...
Background
Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is associated with deficits in cognitive functions and effective communication or interpersonal skills, impacting socio-occupational functioning in adulthood.
Aims
The current study compared individuals with BIF and average intellectual functioning (AIF) on executive functioning, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal communication competence in relation to the quality of life.
Settings and Design
The data were collected via a face-to-face interview conducted in the tertiary care hospital in an urban locality. A cross-sectional and comparative matched-group research design using purposive sampling was used.
Materials and Methods
An estimated sample size of 80 was split into BIF and AIF groups. The participants were recruited as per the defined criteria. The measures used were Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, General Health Questionnaire, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Stroop Test (ST), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (ICCS), and World Health Organization Quality of Life- Brief (Qol).
Statistical Analysis
The differences, between BIF and AIF groups as well as males and females within each group, on measures, namely, ST, DERS, ICCS, and QoL were compared using the independent t -test. Further, the relationship among the measures was examined using Pearson correlation and regression analysis.
Results
Independent t -test analysis revealed significant differences between groups on execution functioning ( t = 11.83, P = 0.000), all domains of emotional dysregulation ( P < 0.000), and many domains of interpersonal communication, and quality of life ( P < 0.000). Significant correlations were found between domains of DERS and ICCS, DERS and QOL; ICCS and QOL.
Conclusions
Emotional dysregulation predicted physical and psychological health and the environment, while interpersonal communication predicted social relations.
... anxiety, or as having no such difficulties, and were from a mid-size Canadian city with a population just over 500,000. Potentially eligible participants were screened for inclusion in this sample first with a short online self-report survey based on an adapted version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; D. V. Sheehan, 2014;D. V. Sheehan et al., 1998), then interviewed briefly by a trained research coordinator using a phone screen that is also based on an adapted version of the MINI. If potentially eligible participants endorsed symptoms of any anxietyrelated disorder during the phone screen, they completed a full MINI assessment with a trained graduate student either in-person or vi ...
The use of analogue samples, as opposed to clinical groups, is common in mental health research, including research on social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent observational and statistical evidence has raised doubts about the validity of current methods for establishing analogue samples of individuals with clinically significant social anxiety. Here, we used data from large community samples of clinical and nonclinical participants to determine new cutoff scores on self-report measures of social anxiety symptoms and symptom-related impairment. We then examined whether using these newly determined cutoff scores alone or in combination improves the identification of individuals who have SAD from those who do not, revealing the most ideal cutoff combination to be 34 or above on the Social Phobia Inventory and 11 or above on the Sheehan Disability Scale. Finally, we compared the effects of our new cutoff scores with old cutoff scores by extracting analogue samples of participants with high social anxiety from historical data on seven large groups of undergraduate Psychology research participants from the authors’ institution spanning the past 5 years (2018–2023). We observed that the new combined cutoff scores identified markedly fewer students as having high social anxiety, lending credibility to their utility. We also observed a striking increase in levels of social anxiety symptoms in the undergraduate population from before to after the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, most participants were under 30 and identified as Caucasian or Asian women, indicating that future research is needed to examine whether our findings generalize to diverse populations.
... Male, Female, Other); Education level (Complete Higher Education, Incomplete Higher Education, Complete Secondary Education, Incomplete Secondary Education, Complete Primary Education, Incomplete Primary Education; Marital Status (Single, Married, Divorced, Widowed, No Answer), the Brief Inventory of Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI) 5 , the Defense Styles Inventory (DSQ-40)6 , the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 7 the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A),8 the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 9 and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).10 ...
... Main inclusion criteria for STARS-ADHD-Adult were adults 18 years and older with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD combined or inattentive presentation, according to DSM-5 5 as confirmed by the MINI for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders Studies (Adult) version 7.0.2 36 . Participants were also required to have a demonstrated attentional impairment defined by TOVA-ACS ≤ −1.8 and ADHD RS-IV ≥ 24. ...
Inattention symptoms represent a key driver of functional impairment in ADHD and often persist into adolescence and adulthood, underscoring a need for novel treatments targeting attentional control. We evaluated AKL-T01—a digital therapeutic that is FDA-cleared for children 8–12 y with ADHD—in adolescents and adults with ADHD in two independent single-arm trials: STARS-ADHD-Adolescent, a 4-week trial in adolescents 13–17 y ( n = 162 enrolled), and STARS-ADHD-Adult, a 6-week trial in adults 18 and older ( n = 221 enrolled). AKL-T01 was linked with improvements on the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA ® ) Attention Comparison Score (ACS) of 2.6 (95% CI: 2.02, 3.26 ; p < 0.0001) in adolescents and 6.5 in adults (95% CI: 5.35, 7.57; p < 0.0001), along with improvements in secondary endpoints. 15 participants reported adverse device effects, all mild or moderate. Though limited by a single-arm design, results provide preliminary support for the safety and efficacy of AKL-T01 for adolescents and adults with ADHD.
... Es wurde mittels des klinischen Interviews "Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview" (M.I.N.I.; [30]) geprüft, ob sich die Beschwerden der Teilnehmen-den durch eine F-Diagnose nach ICD-10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; [24]) einordnen lassen. ...
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Inanspruchnahme der psychotherapeutischen Sprechstunde am Arbeitsplatz (PT-A) wurde bislang in Großunternehmen (GU) untersucht. Diese unterscheiden sich strukturell von mittleren und Klein(st)unternehmen (KMU). Unterschiede der Nutzerprofile einer PT‑A hinsichtlich psychosomatischer Gesundheit, arbeitsbezogener Selbstwirksamkeit und Arbeitsfähigkeit sowie des psychosozialen Sicherheitsklimas (PSC) abhängig von der Unternehmensgröße wurden bisher kaum betrachtet.
Methoden
In der Interventionsstudie „Frühe Intervention am Arbeitsplatz“ (friaa) wurden zwischen 09/2021 und 01/2023 an einer PT‑A interessierte Beschäftigte aus GU und KMU deutschlandweit befragt. Mittels t‑ und χ ² -Tests wurden Unterschiede zwischen Beschäftigten in GU ( n = 439) und KMU ( n = 109) hinsichtlich F‑Diagnosen nach ICD-10 („International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems“; psychische und Verhaltensstörungen), Depressivität (PHQ-9), Ängstlichkeit (GAD-2), allgemeinen Funktionsniveaus (GAF), somatischer Symptombelastung (SSS-8), Gesundheit (VR-12), Arbeitsfähigkeit (WAI), Selbstwirksamkeit (SOSES) und psychosozialen Sicherheitsklimas (PSC-4) geprüft und mittels Korrelationsanalyse explorativ deren Zusammenhänge untersucht.
Ergebnisse
Beide Gruppen zeigten sich ähnlich stark beansprucht. In GU wurden aus Sicht der Beschäftigten psychosoziale Themen signifikant häufiger thematisiert als in KMU mit einer mittleren Effektgröße. Die Studie lieferte erste Hinweise, dass in GU positive Zusammenhänge des PSC‑4 mit SOSES und WAI sowie negative mit PHQ‑9 und SSS‑8 vorliegen.
Diskussion
Die vergleichbare psychische Beanspruchung der Beschäftigten in GU und KMU weist auf den Bedarf von verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventiven Maßnahmen unabhängig von der Unternehmensgröße hin. Vor allem in KMU sollte die Thematisierung psychosozialer Gesundheit einen größeren Stellenwert einnehmen.
... The Interviewer Severity Ratings from the drug (in this study, cannabis), alcohol and tobacco sections of the ASI were used to assess the severity of the addiction in the primary substance. Patients with a history or current bipolar or schizophrenia disorder (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0.0 (MINI [31]) were excluded; patients who presented a current comorbid depressive disorder were included. All participants had to be free from conditions incompatible with the use of a smartphone and MRI scanning. ...
Functional inhibition is known to improve treatment outcomes in substance use disorder (SUD), potentially through craving management enabled by underlying cerebral integrity. Whereas treatment is challenged by a multitude of substances that patients often use, no study has yet unraveled if inhibition and related cerebral integrity could prevent relapse from multiples substances, that is, one’s primary drug of choice and secondary ones. Individuals with primary alcohol, cannabis, or tobacco use disorders completed intensive Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) coupled with resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to characterize the extent to which inhibition and cerebral substrates interact with craving and use of primary and any substances. Participants were 64 patients with SUD and 35 healthy controls who completed one week EMA using Smartphones to report 5 times daily their craving intensity and substance use and to complete Stroop inhibition testing twice daily. Subsamples of 40 patients with SUD and 34 control individuals underwent rs-fMRI. Mixed Model Analysis revealed that reported use of any substance by SUD individuals predicted later use of any and primary substance, whereas use of the primary substance only predicted higher use of that same substances. Craving and inhibition level independently predicted later use but did not significantly interact. Preserved inhibition performance additionally influenced use indirectly by mediating the link between subsequent uses and by being linked to rs-fMRI connectivity strength in fronto-frontal and cerebello-occipital connections. As hypothesized, preserved inhibition performance, reinforced by the integrity of inhibitory neurofunctional substrates, may partake in breaking an unhealthy substance use pattern for a primary substance but may not generalize to non-target substances or to craving management.
... The MDD group does not meet criteria for PTSD. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV (SCID-IV; [33]; MDD n = 10, PTSD n = 14) and MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-5 (MINI-7; [34]; MDD n = 14, PTSD n = 14) were used to assess for depression and psychiatric comorbidities, and the DSM-IV [35] (n = 15) and DSM-5 [36] (n = 13) versions of the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) were used for PTSD diagnosis. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, 16-Item, Self-Report version (QIDS; [37]) was used for depressive symptoms. ...
Reductions in default mode (DMN) connectivity strength have been reported in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the specificity of DMN connectivity deficits in PTSD compared to major depressive disorder (MDD), and the sensitivity of these alterations to acute stressors are not yet known. 52 participants with a primary diagnosis of PTSD ( n = 28) or MDD ( n = 24) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging immediately before and after a mild affective stressor. A 2 × 2 design was conducted to determine the effects of group, stress, and group*stress on DMN connectivity strength. Exploratory analyses were completed to identify the brain region(s) underlying the DMN alterations. There was significant group*stress interaction ( p = 0.03), reflecting stress-induced reduction in DMN strength in PTSD ( p = 0.02), but not MDD ( p = 0.50). Nodal exploration of connectivity strength in the DMN identified regions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the precuneus potentially contributing to DMN connectivity deficits. The findings indicate the possibility of distinct, disease-specific, patterns of connectivity strength reduction in the DMN in PTSD, especially following an experimental stressor. The identified dynamic shift in functional connectivity, which was perhaps induced by the stressor task, underscores the potential utility of the DMN connectivity and raises the question whether these disruptions may be inversely affected by antidepressants known to treat both MDD and PTSD psychopathology.
... Voluntary patients were recruited in Finland from the mood disorder outpatient treatment facilities of the Helsinki University Hospital Mood Disorder Division, Turku University Central Hospital Department of Psychiatry, and City of Espoo Mental Health Services. The patients were diagnosed with structured interviews, namely the Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) [23] and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II) [24]s, as having ongoing major depressive episodes. Healthy controls were collected by contacting emailing lists of students of the University of Helsinki and Aalto University, users of student health services from these institutions, and recruiting voluntary healthcare personnel from Helsinki University Hospital. ...
Background: Clinical diagnostic assessments and outcome monitoring of patients with depression rely predominantly on interviews by professionals and the use of self-report questionnaires. The ubiquity of smartphones and other personal consumer devices has prompted research into the potential of data collected via these devices to serve as digital behavioral markers for indicating presence and monitoring of outcome of depression.
Objective: This paper explores the potential of using behavioral data collected with mobile phones to detect and monitor depression symptoms in patients diagnosed with depression.
Methods: In a prospective cohort study, we collected smartphone behavioral data for up to one year. The study consists of observations from 99 subjects, including healthy controls (n=25) and patients diagnosed with various depressive disorders: major depressive disorder (MDD) (n=46), major depressive disorder with comorbid borderline personality disorder (MDD|BPD) (n=16), and bipolar disorder with major depressive episodes (MDE|BD) (n=12). Data were labeled based on depression severity, using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores. We performed statistical analysis and employed supervised machine learning on the data to classify the severity of depression and observe changes in the depression state over time.
Results: We identified 32 behavioral markers associated with the changes in depressive state. Our analysis classified depressed subjects with an accuracy of 82% and depression state transitions with an accuracy of 75%.
Conclusions: The use of mobile phone digital behavioral markers to supplement clinical evaluations may aid in detecting the presence and relapse of clinical depression and monitoring its outcome, particularly if combined with intermittent use of self-report of symptoms.
... Patients were recruited from the practices or hospitalbased clinics of the participating clinicians. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age 18 and over 2) diagnosed by their treating clinician with MDD using DSM-5 criteria 34 3) MDD diagnosis confirmed via a blinded rater who completed the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) 35 and 4) at least moderate severity, as assessed by a blinded rater completing the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (using a cutoff of 20) 36 . Patients must have been able to 5) provide their own informed consent and 6) needed to agree to be treated by their clinician for depression, understanding that they might use a range of approved treatments which might be presented in the CDSS, and understanding they were able to provide or withhold consent for any particular treatment. ...
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability and there is a paucity of tools to personalize and manage treatments. A cluster-randomized, patient-and-rater-blinded, clinician-partially-blinded study was conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of the Aifred Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) facilitating algorithm-guided care and predicting medication remission probabilities using clinical data. Clinicians were randomized to the Active (CDSS access) or Active-Control group (questionnaires and guidelines access). Primary outcome was remission (<11 points on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) at study exit). Of 74 eligible patients, 61 (42 Active, 19 Active-Control) completed at least two MADRS (analysis set). Remission was higher in the Active group (n = 12/42 (28.6%)) compared to Active-Control (0/19 (0%)) (p = 0.01, Fisher exact test). No adverse events were linked to the CDSS. This is the first effective and safe longitudinal use of an artificial intelligence-powered CDSS to improve MDD outcomes.
... Additional exclusion criteria for phlebotomy were having given birth within the last year, breastfeeding, pregnancy, and hemophilia. Psychiatric conditions were assessed using a modified version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 5 (Sheehan et al., 1998). Participants completed the self-report questionnaires in conjunction with blood sampling. ...
... The International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), version 7.0.2 [24] was used for diagnostic purposes, and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) [25] to establish the severity of the MDE. ...
Depression is a prevalent and incapacitating condition with a significant impact on global morbidity and mortality. Although the immune system’s role in its pathogenesis is increasingly recognized, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the involvement of innate and adaptive immune cells. To address this gap, we conducted a multicenter case–control study involving 121 participants matched for sex and age. These participants had either an active (or current) major depressive episode (MDE) (39 cases) or a remitted MDE (40 cases), including individuals with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. We compared these 79 patients to 42 healthy controls (HC), analyzing their immunological profiles. In blood samples, we determined the complete cell count and the monocyte subtypes and lymphocyte T-cell populations using flow cytometry. Additionally, we measured a panel of cytokines, chemokines, and neurotrophic factors in the plasma. Compared with HC, people endorsing a current MDE showed monocytosis (p = 0.001), increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.002), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.003), and an altered proportion of specific monocyte subsets. CD4 lymphocytes presented increased median percentages of activation markers CD69⁺ (p = 0.007) and exhaustion markers PD1⁺ (p = 0.013) and LAG3⁺ (p = 0.014), as well as a higher frequency of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3⁺ regulatory T cells (p = 0.003). Additionally, patients showed increased plasma levels of sTREM2 (p = 0.0089). These changes are more likely state markers, indicating the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response during an active MDE. The Random Forest model achieved remarkable classification accuracies of 83.8% for MDE vs. HC and 70% for differentiating active and remitted MDE. Interestingly, the cluster analysis identified three distinct immunological profiles among MDE patients. Cluster 1 has the highest number of leukocytes, mainly given by the increment in lymphocyte count and the lowest proinflammatory cytokine levels. Cluster 3 displayed the most robust inflammatory pattern, with high levels of TNFα, CX3CL1, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-23, and IL-33, associated with the highest level of IL-10, as well as β-NGF and the lowest level for BDNF. This profile is also associated with the highest absolute number and percentage of circulating monocytes and the lowest absolute number and percentage of circulating lymphocytes, denoting an active inflammatory process. Cluster 2 has some cardinal signs of more acute inflammation, such as elevated levels of CCL2 and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IFNγ, and CXCL8. Similarly, the absolute number of monocytes is closer to a HC value, as well as the percentage of lymphocytes, suggesting a possible initiation of the inflammatory process. The study provides new insights into the immune system’s role in MDE, paving the ground for replication prospective studies targeting the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools and new therapeutic targets.
... years; range = 20-40 years) were recruited through advertisements at universities in Zurich, Switzerland. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-SCID) [63], the DSM-IV fourth edition self-rating questionnaire for Axis-II personality disorders (SCID-II) [64], and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) [65] were used to exclude subjects with present or previous psychiatric disorders or a history of major psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives. Sample size was determined based on a previous study reporting psychedelic-induced effects on functional brain connectivity [66]. ...
Visual alterations under classic psychedelics can include rich phenomenological accounts of eyes-closed imagery. Preclinical evidence suggests agonism of the 5-HT2A receptor may reduce synaptic gain to produce psychedelic-induced imagery. However, this has not been investigated in humans. To infer the directed connectivity changes to visual connectivity underlying psychedelic visual imagery in healthy adults, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed, and dynamic causal modelling was applied to the resting state eyes-closed functional MRI scans of 24 subjects after administration of 0.2 mg/kg of the serotonergic psychedelic drug, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), or placebo. The effective connectivity model included the early visual area, fusiform gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We observed a pattern of increased self-inhibition of both early visual and higher visual-association regions under psilocybin that was consistent with preclinical findings. We also observed a pattern of reduced inhibition from visual-association regions to earlier visual areas that indicated top-down connectivity is enhanced during visual imagery. The results were analysed with behavioural measures taken immediately after the scans, suggesting psilocybin-induced decreased sensitivity to neural inputs is associated with the perception of eyes-closed visual imagery. The findings inform our basic and clinical understanding of visual perception. They reveal neural mechanisms that, by affecting balance, may increase the impact of top-down feedback connectivity on perception, which could contribute to the visual imagery seen with eyes-closed during psychedelic experiences.
... Dieser Beitrag dient somit als Referenz für die während der Interventionsphase in Anspruch genommenen Leistungen und damit einhergehenden Kosten. [22]) oder Symptome einer psychosomatischen Erkrankung ohne ICD-10-Diagnose, gemessen mit der Global-Assessment-of-Functioning-Skala (GAF) mit einem Wert von < 81 [23,24]. ...
Einleitung. Die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen durch Arbeitnehmer:innen mit psychischen Belastungen sowie die damit
verbundenen Kosten im Gesundheitsund Sozialsystem wurden bisher nicht systematisch in Studien erhoben bzw. nur indirekt erfasst. Diese Publikation hat zum Ziel, die Inanspruchnahme in dieser Zielgruppe zu dokumentieren, die Kosten im Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem erstmalig abzuschätzen und mögliche Einflussfaktoren der Kostenvarianz zu untersuchen.
Methodik. Als Teil einer Multicenter-Studie wurden Häufigkeiten der Inanspruchnahme sowie Kosten im Gesundheits- und Sozialsystem von 550 Arbeitnehmer:innen mit psychischen Belastungen erhoben. Die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen
wurde mit der deutschen Version des Client Sociodemographic Service Receipt Inventory (CSSRI) erhoben. Kosten wurden für 6 Monate berechnet. Mithilfe eines Regressionsmodells wurden Einflussfaktoren auf die Kosten überprüft.
Ergebnisse. Zu Studienbeginn betrugen die durchschnittlichen Gesamtkosten der vergangenen 6 Monate in der Stichprobe € 5227,12 (Standardabweichung € 7704,21). Das Regressionsmodell weist auf einen signifikanten Anstieg der Kosten mit zunehmendem Alter sowie bei Personen mit Depressionen, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten mit körperlichen Symptomen und anderen Diagnosen hin.
Diskussion. Die berechneten Kosten sind im Vergleich zu klinischen Stichproben ähnlich hoch. Des Weiteren sollte zukünftig
untersucht werden, ob sich dieses Ergebnis durch die Analyse der Längsschnittdaten verändert und ob die Intervention einen
Kosteneinfluss aufweist.
... A total of 298 teachers expressed their interest by filling a Google form. After completion of informed consents, self-reported information and psychological interviews, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Ferrando et al., 2000;Sheehan et al., 1998), were used to select the sample. The inclusion criteria were (i) women; (ii) primary school teachers in practice; and (iii) right-handedness. ...
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the effects of a virtual Mindful Self-compassion (MSC) intervention on mindfulness and self-compassion, empathy, stress, and well-being in Uruguayan primary school teachers, during COVID-19 times.
Method
A quasi-experimental, longitudinal study was conducted with an active control intervention that involved practicing Kundalini yoga (KY). Uruguayan volunteer female teachers were randomly assigned to MSC or KY 9-week virtual training. They completed self-reported psychometric tests and an empathy for pain task (EPT) at pre- and post-training, and follow-up (3 months).
Results
At post-MSC training, mindfulness (observing, non-reactivity, and total mindfulness) and self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, and self-judgment) increased. The empathy dimensions perspective-taking increased and personal distress decreased. Stress decreased and well-being increased. Concerning EPT, the accuracy in attributing intentionality to the harm inflicted, i.e., the intentionality comprehension accuracy, increased. At follow-up, observing and total mindfulness remained elevated, and non-judging increased. Common humanity remained elevated and personal distress remained decreased. Comparing MSC with KY trainings at post-training, the psychometric tests showed that personal distress was lower in the MSC group. At follow-up, observing and total mindfulness were higher in the MSC group. No differences between groups were found for the EPT at post-training and follow-up.
Conclusions
Virtual MSC training increased mindfulness and self-compassion, associated with higher well-being, reduced stress, and increased empathy in primary school teachers in Uruguay.
Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
... Primary MD in this order included serious MD (schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders, and personality disorders), common MD (anxiety, depressive, adjustment disorders, and other common MD), and SUD without MD. Except for personality disorders, which were measured using the Standardized Assessment of Personality Abbreviated Scale [32], MD were assessed based on the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0 [33]. SUD were measured with both the Alcohol Use Disorders Identifcation Test [34] and the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 [35]. ...
Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is the main approach advocated in Western countries for eradicating homelessness. Considering that PSH residents are not a homogeneous group and that their quality of life (QoL) and community integration (CI) might differ in this setting, improving our understanding of these residents’ profiles may help stakeholders formulate informed recommendations to improve PSH. This study identified PSH resident profiles based on their QoL, CI, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and associated these profiles with housing features and service use. A total of 308 PSH residents were recruited in Montreal (Canada) in 2020–2022. Structured interviews were conducted. PSH resident profiles were produced with cluster analysis and subsequently compared using chi-square, Fisher’s, and t-tests, taking into account housing features and service use. Three PSH resident profiles were found. Profile 1 residents (22% of the sample) had low QoL and CI, were younger, and had major social and health issues and unmet needs. Showing moderate QoL and CI, Profile 2 residents (27%) were more educated, had little foster care history, were older on their first homelessness episode, and had few co-occurring MD-SUD. Profile 3 residents (51%) had the best QoL and CI and mostly included men with little education, affected by co-occurring MD-SUD and satisfied with services. More intensive housing support and care coordination may be recommended for Profile 1 PSH residents in response to their diverse needs. Work integration may be beneficial to Profile 2 residents, with programs such as Individual Placement and Support, along with increased rehabilitation activities. A better integration of MD-SUD treatments may be promoted for Profile 3 residents. Considering most PSH residents had multiple health issues and unmet needs, satisfaction with care could be monitored better, as it was found to be a key variable in measuring care adequation.
Prior research has consistently documented elevated rates of comorbid mood and anxiety disorders in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）. However, there remains a limited body of literature examining the manifestation of mood and anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD who do not have comorbid mental disorders. This study aims to explore the potential vulnerability of adults with ADHD, unburdened by comorbid mental conditions, to the development of mood and anxiety disorders. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of mood and anxiety disorder symptoms in a cohort comprising 61 adults diagnosed with ADHD, who did not exhibit comorbid mental disorders, and matched them for age and gender with 64 neurotypical control participants. This investigation involved scrutinizing the interplay between emotional symptoms and those characteristic of ADHD. Substantial disparities emerged across all symptom rating scales when comparing the ADHD group to the control group. Regarding gender distinctions within the ADHD cohort, females exhibited a heightened susceptibility, demonstrating a propensity to manifest more severe symptoms compared to their male counterparts. Notably, the ADHD group displayed more pronounced correlations among emotional symptoms and those associated with ADHD. The most marked differences between the two groups were observed in the scores of Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale （BSDS） and state anxiety assessments. The findings from this study provide compelling evidence that adults with ADHD, unencumbered by comorbid mental disorders, exhibit significantly more pronounced mood and anxiety symptoms when compared to their mentally healthy counterparts. These results underscore a noteworthy vulnerability among this population to the eventual development of mood and anxiety disorders, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions and vigilant monitoring in clinical practice.
Introduction: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a severe clinical disorder, which has been associated with 5.3% of death worldwide. Although several treatments have been developed to improve AUD symptomatology, treatment effects were moderate, with a certain amount of patients displaying symptom deterioration after treatment termination. Moreover, outpatient treatment placements become increasingly scarce, thus necessitating more efficient treatment options. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of a newly invented, short, group based metacognitive therapy (MCT) for patients diagnosed with AUD. Method: Seven patients were treated with eight sessions of group based MCT using a single case series design with an A-B replication across patients. Patients were assessed one month and one week before treatment, as well as one week and three months after treatment termination. Results: Patients improved significantly and with large effect sizes regarding dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, desire thinking/craving and depressive symptoms up to three months after treatment termination. AUD symptomatology as well as positive and negative metacognitive beliefs improved at post-treatment, but improvements could not be maintained at follow-up. All included patients completed the treatment and were highly satisfied. Conclusion: The presented findings show preliminary evidence for the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of the implemented group based MCT treatment. Large scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm the effectiveness of the developed program for patients diagnosed with AUD.
Introduction Little is known about the interplay between genetics and epigenetics on antidepressant treatment (1) response and remission, (2) side effects, and (3) serum levels. This study explored the relationship among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA methylation (DNAm), and mRNA levels of four pharmacokinetic genes, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and ABCB1, and its effect on these outcomes.
Methods The Canadian Biomarker Integration Network for Depression-1 dataset consisted of 177 individuals with major depressive disorder treated for 8 weeks with escitalopram (ESC) followed by 8 weeks with ESC monotherapy or augmentation with aripiprazole. DNAm quantitative trait loci (mQTL), identified by SNP-CpG associations between 20 SNPs and 60 CpG sites in whole blood, were tested for associations with our outcomes, followed by causal inference tests (CITs) to identify methylation-mediated genetic effects.
Results Eleven cis-SNP-CpG pairs (q<0.05) constituting four unique SNPs were identified. Although no significant associations were observed between mQTLs and response/remission, CYP2C19 rs4244285 was associated with treatment-related weight gain (q=0.027) and serum concentrations of ESCadj (q<0.001). Between weeks 2-4, 6.7% and 14.9% of those with *1/*1 (normal metabolizers) and *1/*2 (intermediate metabolizers) genotypes, respectively, reported ≥2 lbs of weight gain. In contrast, the *2/*2 genotype (poor metabolizers) did not report weight gain during this period and demonstrated the highest ESCadj concentrations. CITs did not indicate that these effects were epigenetically mediated.
Discussion These results elucidate functional mechanisms underlying the established associations between CYP2C19 rs4244285 and ESC pharmacokinetics. This mQTL SNP as a marker for antidepressant-related weight gain needs to be further explored.
Introduction: schizophrenia is accompanied by deficits such as alterations in social perception. Alexithymia, the impairment to express emotions or feelings, is an emotional communicative deficit common to schizophrenia. Objective: to evaluate the ability to perceive social cues, interpersonal attitudes and the communication of intentions by nonverbal expressive channels in patients with schizophrenia when compared with a control group. Method: a cross-sectional, comparative study (102 subjects, aged 18 to 45). The first group consisted of 50 patients with schizophrenia, (48% men) according to DSM-5 criteria. The second group consisted of 52 subjects (51.9% men) without psychopathology or history of mental disorders in first degree relatives, neurological deficits and intellectual disabilities. MiniPONS was used to assess social perception and the TAS-20 scale was used to assess alexithymia. We used χ2 and Student’s t-tests, and an analysis of variance of two factors (group-sex) was used for MiniPONS and TAS scores. We searched for correlations between MiniPONS, alexithymia and PANSS. Results: we found a significant correlation between education and MiniPONS and TAS scores in the schizophrenia group: r = .36, p < .01 and r = -.46, p < .01, but not in the control group: r = .17, p = .41 and r = -.08, p = .71. The schizophrenia group performed worse on the MiniPONS: 39.90, SD = 5.99. Discussion and conclusions: our results show a worse overall performance in nonverbal communication and affect identification in the patient group. These failures exemplify the difficulty of understanding their own emotions.
Importance
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision ( DSM-5-TR ), recently identified internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a condition warranting more research, and few empirically validated treatments exist. Mindfulness meditation (MM) has multiple health benefits; however, its efficacy in treating IGD and potential neural mechanisms underlying MM treatment of the disorder remain largely unknown.
Objective
To explore the efficacy of MM used to treat adults with IGD and to identify neural mechanisms underlying MM.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This randomized clinical trial was performed from October 1 to November 30, 2023, at Hangzhou Normal University in Hangzhou, China. Adults (aged ≥18 years) who met at least 6 of the 9 DSM-5-TR proposed criteria for IGD were recruited to receive either MM or progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Data analysis was performed on December 1, 2023.
Intervention
Participants underwent MM training (an 8-session meditation program that focuses on attention and acceptance) and PMR training (an 8-time program for body relaxation) delivered in groups that met 2 times each week for 4 weeks.
Main Outcomes and Measures
This per-protocol analysis included only participants who finished the pretest assessment, 8 training sessions, and posttest assessment. The main outcomes were addiction severity (measured with the DSM-5-TR proposed criteria for IGD and with Internet Addiction Test scores), gaming craving (measured with Questionnaire for Gaming Urges scores), and blood oxygen level–dependent signals assessed with cue-craving tasks on fMRI. Behavioral and brain measurements were compared using analysis of variance. Functional connectivity (FC) among identified brain regions was measured to test connectivity changes associated with MM.
Results
This study included 64 adults with IGD. A total of 32 participants received MM (mean [SD] age, 20.3 [1.9] years; 17 women [53%]) and 32 received PMR (mean [SD] age, 20.2 [1.5] years; 16 women [50%]). The severity of IGD decreased in the MM group (pretest vs posttest: mean [SD], 7.0 [1.1] vs 3.6 [0.8]; P < .001) and in the PMR group (mean [SD], 7.1 [0.9] vs 6.0 [0.9]; P = .04). The MM group had a greater decrease in IGD severity than the PMR group (mean [SD] score change for the MM group vs the PMR group, −3.6 [0.3] vs −1.1 [0.2]; P < .001). Mindfulness meditation was associated with decreased brain activation in the bilateral lentiform nuclei ( r = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.60; P = .02), insula ( r = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.60; P = .047), and medial frontal gyrus (MFG; r = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.70; P = .01). Increased MFG-lentiform FC and decreased craving (pretest vs posttest: mean [SD], 58.8 [15.7] vs 33.6 [12.0]; t = −8.66; ƞ ² = 0.30; P < .001) was observed after MM, and changes in MFG-lentiform FC mediated the relationship between increased mindfulness and decreased craving (mediate effect, −0.17; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.08; P = .03).
Conclusions and Relevance
In this study, MM was more effective in decreasing addiction severity and gaming cravings compared with PMR. These findings indicate that MM may be an effective treatment for IGD and may exert its effects by altering frontopallidal pathways.
Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2300075869
Background
Cerebral microvascular dysfunction is a promising area for research into the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Despite the scientific and clinical potential of studying microvascular dysfunction, progress in this area has long been hampered by the lack of methods to study microvessels intravitally.
Aims
The aim of the present study was to search for potential optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA) biomarkers of BD and MDD.
Methods
One hundred and five consecutive patients with a current depressive episode were enrolled in the study (39 – BD and 66 – MDD). In addition, forty-one generally healthy subjects were enrolled as a control group. Only the right eye was examined in all subjects. Structural OCT and OCTA scans with signal strength ≥7 were included.
Results
Structural OCT measurements showed no significant differences between the groups. OCTA measurements of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), area and skeleton density showed a decrease in the retinal capillary bed in BD patients, whereas OCTA values in MDD patients did not differ from the control group. Several significant differences were found between the BD and control groups. In the BD group, the FAZ of the deep capillary plexus was increased, reflecting a reduction in capillary perfusion in the central subfield of this plexus.
Conclusions
OCTA measurements of FAZ, area and skeleton density showed a decrease in the retinal capillary bed in BD patients, whereas OCTA values in MDD patients did not differ from the control group.
Objectives
Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence‐based treatment for people with emerging borderline personality disorder (BPD). In “real world” clinical settings, standard DBT is resource intensive. Emerging evidence suggests that group‐based DBT skills training alone can lead to promising outcomes. This hybrid type 1 effectiveness‐implementation trial directly compared the effectiveness of an 8‐week group DBT‐skills training program and a 16‐week DBT‐informed program including individual treatment and group‐based skills training.
Methods
This pragmatic trial employed a staggered, parallel‐groups design. We recruited 104 participants, aged 16–25 years, with emotion dysregulation or emerging BPD symptoms. Participants were randomized to receive either program at a youth mental health service located in the Gold Coast, Australia. Data was collected via online surveys at baseline, 8‐week, 16‐week, and 24‐week follow‐up. Mixed effect linear models compared groups on the primary outcomes of emotion dysregulation and BPD symptoms, and secondary outcomes of suicidal ideation, coping skills, depression, anxiety, and stress.
Results
Across groups there were significant and sustained improvements relating to emotion dysregulation, BPD symptoms, stress, depression, and emotion‐focused coping; but not suicide risk, anxiety, or task‐focused coping. There was no significant time by group differences between the 8‐week and 16‐week interventions on any primary or secondary outcome.
Conclusion
The more intensive mode of delivering DBT was not more effective than the brief group‐based skills training. Both interventions resulted in significant improvements across both primary and most secondary outcomes. These results have implications for clinical practice regarding length and intensity of DBT treatment in young people.
Peer victimization contributes to the development of major depressive disorders. While previous studies reported differentiated peripheral physiological responses in peer victimized individuals with depression, little is known about potential alterations of cortical event-related potentials in response to social stimuli in depressive patients with a history of peer victimization. Using a social condition paradigm, the present study examined whether peer victimization alters conditioned cortical responses to potentially threatening social stimuli in MDD patients and healthy controls. In the task, we studied event-related potentials to conditioned stimuli, i.e. still images of faces, that were coupled to unconditioned socially negative and neutral evaluative video statements. Peer victimization was related to more pronounced P100 amplitudes in reaction to negative and neutral conditioned stimuli. Attenuated P200 amplitudes in peer victimized individuals were found in response to negative CSs. Cortical responses to CSs were not influenced by a diagnosis of MDD. The results suggest altered responsiveness to interpersonal information in peer victimized individuals. Facilitated early processing of social threat indicators may prevent peer victimized individuals from adaptive responding to social cues increasing their vulnerability for depression.
Emotion recognition is central in prosocial interaction, enabling the inference of mental and affective states. Individuals who have committed sexual offenses are known to exhibit socio-affective deficits, one of the four dynamic risk assessment dimensions found in the literature. Few research focused on emotion recognition. The available literature, exclusively on individuals in prison who have committed sexual offenses, showed contrasting results. Some found a global (across all emotions) or specific (e.g., anger, fear) deficit in emotion recognition. In contrast, others found no difference between individuals in prison who have committed sexual offenses and those who have committed non-sexual offenses. In addition, no such study has been undertaken among forensic inpatients who exhibit socio-affective deficits. This study aims to investigate the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotion in 112 male participants divided into three groups: forensic inpatients who have committed sexual offenses (n = 37), forensic inpatients who have committed non-sexual offenses (n = 25), and community members (n = 50), using the Signal Detection Theory indices: sensitivity (d’) and response bias (c). In addition, measures related to reaction time, emotion labeling reflection time, task easiness, and easiness reflection time were also collected. Non-parametric analyses (Kruskall-Wallis’ H, followed by Mann-Whitney’s U with Dunn-Bonferroni correction) highlighted that the two forensic inpatient groups exhibited emotion recognition deficits when compared to community members. Forensic inpatients who have committed sexual offenses were more conservative in selecting the surprise label than community members. They also took significantly more time to react to stimuli and to select an emotional label. Despite emotion recognition deficits, the two forensic inpatient groups reported more stimuli easiness than community members.
Importance: Amidst an unprecedented opioid epidemic, identifying neurobiological correlates of change with medication-assisted treatment of heroin use disorder is imperative. Distributed white matter (WM) impairments in individuals with heroin use disorder (iHUD) have been associated with increased drug craving, a reliable predictor of treatment outcomes. However, little is known about the extent of whole-brain structural connectivity changes with inpatient treatment and abstinence in iHUD.
Objective: To assess WM microstructure and associations with drug craving changes with inpatient treatment in iHUD (effects of time/re-scan compared to controls; CTL).
Design: Longitudinal cohort study (12/2020-09/2022) where iHUD and CTL underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI#1) and follow-up (MRI#2) scans, (mean interval of 13.9 weeks in all participants combined).
Setting: The iHUD and CTL were recruited from urban inpatient treatment facilities and surrounding communities, respectively.
Participants: Thirty-four iHUD (42.1yo; 7 women), 25 age-/sex-matched CTL (40.5yo; 9 women).
Intervention: Between scans, inpatient iHUD continued their medically-assisted treatment and related clinical interventions. CTL participants were scanned at similar time intervals.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Changes in white matter diffusion metrics [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial diffusivities (RD)] in addition to baseline and cue-induced drug craving, and other clinical outcome variables (mood, sleep, affect, perceived stress, and therapy attendance).
Results: Main findings showed HUD-specific WM microstructure changes encompassing mostly frontal major callosal, projection, and association tracts, characterized by increased FA (.949<1-p<.986) and decreased MD (.949<1-p<.997) and RD (.949<1-p<.999). The increased FA (r=-0.72, p<.00001) and decreased MD (r=0.69, p<.00001) and RD (r=0.67, p<.0001) in the genu and body of the corpus callosum and the left anterior corona radiata in iHUD were correlated with a reduction in baseline craving (.949<1-p<.999). No other WM correlations with outcome variables reached significance.
Conclusions and Relevance: Our findings suggest whole-brain normalization of structural connectivity with inpatient medically-assisted treatment in iHUD encompassing recovery in frontal WM pathways implicated in emotional regulation and top-down executive control. The association with decreases in baseline craving further supports the relevance of these WM markers to a major symptom in drug addiction, with implications for monitoring clinical outcomes.
In the era of expanded access to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), the life expectancy of the estimated 1.2 million people with HIV (PWH) in the United States has significantly increased. There is a timely need to develop and evaluate interventions for older PWH to improve their health and functioning. The primary objective of the present work was to describe the pilot trial methodology that aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for HIV and Symptom Management – “CHAMP” designed to promote healthy aging by way of decreasing psychological distress, health risk behaviors, and inflammation among older PWH. Ultimately, these data will be used to refine the intervention and study methods, and inform a future efficacy trial.
Aims
The objective of the current study was to describe and analyse associations between childhood emotional abuse, severity of depressive symptoms, and analgesic expectations of drinking in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).
Methods
A total of 240 individuals aged 43.85 ± 11.0 with severe AUD entering an inpatient, abstinence-based, and drug-free treatment program were assessed. The data on AUD severity, depressive symptoms, expectations towards the analgesic effects of alcohol and childhood emotional trauma was collected using questionnaire measures. The PROCESS SPSS macro for serial mediation with bootstrapping was used to test whether current severity of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol use serially mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity.
Results
There was evidence for two simple mediated effects, whereby the severity of depressive symptoms mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity, and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity. There was also evidence to support serial mediation whereby both severity of depressive symptoms and expectations towards analgesic effects of alcohol mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse on AUD symptom severity.
Conclusions
It might be clinically relevant to address experiences of childhood emotional trauma, as well as individual expectations of analgesic effects of alcohol, in AUD treatment programs.
Decline in spatial context memory emerges in midlife, the time when most females transition from pre- to post-menopause. Recent evidence suggests that, among post-menopausal females, advanced age is associated with functional brain alterations and lower spatial context memory. However, it is unknown whether similar effects are evident for white matter (WM) and, moreover, whether such effects contribute to sex differences at midlife. To address this, we conducted a study on 96 cognitively unimpaired middle-aged adults (30 males, 32 pre-menopausal females, 34 post-menopausal females). Spatial context memory was assessed using a face-location memory paradigm, while WM microstructure was assessed using diffusion tensor imaging. Behaviorally, advanced age was associated with lower spatial context memory in post-menopausal females but not pre-menopausal females or males. Additionally, advanced age was associated with microstructural variability in predominantly frontal WM (e.g., anterior corona radiata, genu of corpus callosum), which was related to lower spatial context memory among post-menopausal females. Our findings suggest that post-menopausal status enhances vulnerability to age effects on the brain’s WM and episodic memory.