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Taxonomic studies on the genus Cystofilobasidium: Description of Cystofilobasidium ferigula sp. nov. and clarification of the status of Cystofilobasidium lari-marini
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A new species of the genus Cystofilobasidium is described as Cystofilobasidium ferigula sp. nov. The new taxon represents the teleomorphic stage of Cryptococcus ferigula and was obtained in mating experiments using three strains deposited in the Portuguese Yeast Culture Collection (mating types A1) and a recent isolate (mating type A2). Cystofilobasidium ferigula is characterized using an integrated approach encompassing morphological studies, investigation of the ultrastructure of the septal pore, a comparative study of physiological traits, determination of the DNA base composition, DNA reassociation experiments and PCR fingerprinting. During the course of this study, a close similarity of microsatellite-primed PCR fingerprints was detected between Cystofilobasidium lari-marini and Cystofilobasidium capitatum. DNA-DNA reassociation experiments gave high homology values, which indicates that Cystofilobasidium lari-marini must be regarded as a synonym of Cystofilobasidium capitatum.
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... Later, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum was also transferred from the genus Rhodosporidium to the genus Cystofilobasidium [3]. Three more species, namely Cystofilobasidium ferigula, Cystofilobasidium lacus-mascardii and Cystofilobasidium macerans, were then added to the genus [4,5]. The above-mentioned six species were accepted as members of the genus Cystofilobasidium in the fifth edition of The Yeasts, a Taxonomic Study [6]. ...
... The inoculated agar plates were incubated at 17 °C for up to 2 months and examined periodically. Germination of teliospores was induced as described previously [5][6][7]. ...
... Clamp connections were not observed in the mycelium (Fig. 2b). Germination of the teliospores was observed after they were soaked in demineralized water for one and a half months at 4 °C, then transferred to 2 % water agar and incubated for 2 days at room temperature [5][6][7]. A slender septate hypha with a more or less swollen terminal cell was usually germinated from a teliospore (Fig. 2c-e). ...
A yeast strain belonging to the basidiomycetous yeast genus Cystofilobasidium was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected in an intertidal zone in Shandong province, PR China. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicate that this strain, together with three other strains isolated from basal ice collected in Norway, the gut of an insect and an alga collected in Russia, represent a novel species of the genus, for which the name Cystofilobasidium josepaulonis sp. nov. (holotype strain CGMCC 2.6672T) is proposed. The novel species differs from the known species of the genus Cystofilobasidium by 1.7 %-4.1 and 11.3 %-17.1 % mismatches in the D1/D2 domain and the ITS region, respectively. This species forms teliospores on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and 10 % V8 juice agar, but teliospore germination with basidia was not observed.
... Physiological characterization of the yeast stages was performed according to the techniques described by Yarrow (1998). For determination of molar % G ϩ C and the extent of DNA-DNA reassociation, total genomic DNA was extracted and purified using the procedures described by Sampaio et al (2001). The nuclear DNA base composition was determined following the method of Marmur and Doty (1962) with a Gilford Response UV-VIS Spectrophotometer and its Thermal Programing software, using nDNA from Candida parapsilosis (Ashford) Langeron & Talice PYCC 2545 T (CBS 604) (mol% G ϩ C ϭ 40.2%) as reference. ...
Two new genera, Bulleribasidium and Papiliotrema, and three new species, B. oberjochense, P. bandonii and Fibulobasidium murrhardtense are described. An integrated analysis of morphological, ultrastructural, physiological, and molecular data indicates that the new taxa belong to the Tremellales (Basidiomycota). Relevant characteristics of the new genera and species are discussed and compared with those of closely related taxa.
... This phylogenetic hypothesis is consistent with the morphological and ultrastructural data. The formation of teliospores (except for Xanthophyllomyces) and dolipores without parenthesomes are unique features in Agaricomycotina and characterize Cystofilobasidiales (Oberwinkler et al. 1983;Suh et al. 1993;Sampaio et al. 2001). That order is one of the most basal agaricomycotinous lineages (Fell et al. 2000(Fell et al. , 2001, but teliospores of Cystofilobasidium germinate with holobasidia, whereas Bartheletia has longitudinally septate phragmobasidia and further multiple plasmodesma-like perforations in the septa. ...
Bartheletia paradoxa, a basidiomycete growing on fallen leaves of Ginkgo biloba, is redescribed. In autumn a rapidly developing anamorph is formed on freshly fallen leaves and subsequently a teleomorph with hemispherical pustules of thick-walled resting spores (teliospores) that germinate after a resting period of one year with stipitate, longitudinally septate, statismosporic phragmobasidia. The basidia produce several basidiospores on each sporogenous locus. Inoculation experiments and observations in the field suggest that the basidiospores infect the freshly fallen leaves of G. biloba so that the life cycle is completed. The extraordinarily rapid development has also been confirmed in cultures on agar media and in inoculation experiments. Inoculation experiments also indicate that the fungus is specific to G. biloba. The septa of the hyphae have no central pores, but multiple plasmodesma-like perforations. The basidiospores and conidia are uninucle- ate, but an assessment of the karyology is still pending. A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on nuSSU rDNA sequences suggests that the fungus belongs to the Agaricomycotina, clustering in an unresolved position at the basal branching of the group. The family Bartheletiaceae fam. nov. is proposed to accommodate Bartheletia paradoxa in the Agaricomycotina. The name B. paradoxa is validated by a Latin diagnosis and by the designation of types.
... Cystofilobasidiales Crossing compatible yeast strains of Cryptococcus ferigula resulted in a teleomorph that was described as Cystofilobasidium ferigula by Sampaio et al. (2001). The genome of the basal agaricomycete Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous provided insights into the organization of its acetyl-CoA derived pathways (Sharma et al. 2015). ...
Unexpectedly and tragically, Robert Bauer died September 7,
2014. He was born March 20, 1950 in Großbettlingen, Baden-
Württemberg. After qualification as a metal craftsman, he decided
to study biology at the University of Tübingen, where he
obtained a diploma for his study BSporenbildung bei
Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers.) Lév.^ in 1980. He continued
an experimental approach to elucidate ontogenetic and karyological
features in rust fungi and finished his dissertation
BExperimentell-ontogenetische und karyologische
Untersuchungen an Uredinales^ in 1983. Expanding such studies
in related groups, Bauer became more andmore interested in
smuts, developed special skills for transmission electron
microscopy, and successfully combined culture work on fungi
with newly available techniques and organisms.
This reappraisal of Bauer’s contributions to mycology is
arranged systematically and partly chronologically and includes
exclusively his publications as author or coauthor. A
list of these scientific publications concludes this tribute to
him with the intention to unroll a scientist’s life dedicated to
fungi and their hosts.
... Two different Cystofilobasidium , C. capitatum and C. lari-marini, were identified according NCBI blast. However, according to a taxonomic study (Sampaio et al., 2001) based on DNA-DNA reassociation experiments it has been reported that C. lari-marini must be regarded as a synonym of C. capitatum. ...
Many different studies about autochthonous yeast populations and their potential use as starters in the fermentation process have been conducted. However it is not clear enough which is the most suitable environment to sampling with the purpose of isolating the best indigenous yeast populations. Most researches had carried out the isolation in fermentative environments (cellars), although other studies sampled in natural habitats (vineyards). Yeast isolation was made from Prieto Picudo grape samples taken from different vineyards which are spread in the cultivation area of this variety. Different yeast species have been identified unequivocally by molecular techniques. Major were yeast species associated to this natural habitats (named " indigenous yeast "), although a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was isolated too. Furthermore this Saccharomyces 3d strain was isolated in two different vineyards (with a separation area of approximately 50 km). Accordingly, this strain could be considered as a " terroir strain ". Small-scale fermentations were made with this strain. Their oenological properties were compared with the average properties of a collection of yeast strains isolated in our laboratory in fermentative habitats (cellars). Results show that the Saccharomyces 3d strain couldn't produce a complete fermentation, therefore is not suitable as a starter in an industrial process. Therefore, the isolation of autochthonous yeast strains must be done in fermentative habitats (cellars) in order to achieve success.
... Continuity between ER and saccules is visible for one of upper saccules in (b). (d) Wallemia sebi (a) reprinted from Sampaio et al. (2001) with permission (see previous discussion). Dikaryotic hyphae may constitute a fruiting body that ultimately produces basidia and basidiospores or conidiogenous hyphae, giving rise to conidia. ...
In this chapter, we present an overview of the Tremellomycetes, a basal group in the Agaricomycotina that contains Cystofilobasidiales, Filobasidiales, Holtermanniales, Trichosporonales, and Tremellales, and some possibly related taxa (Bartheletia, Wallemia). Tremellomycetes comprise mostly dimorphic species, which have both a monokaryotic yeast stage and a dikaryotic filamentous stage. The majority of species that produce macroscopically visible, mostly gelatinous basidiomes belong to the Tremellales; some belong to the Holtermanniales (Holtermannia) or Filobasidiales (Syzygospora). Only a yeast stage is known for many Tremellomycetes, which has hampered a coherent phylogenetic classification. Micromorphology in the Tremellomycetes is diverse, with basidial types ranging from longitudinally septate to transversely or obliquely septate to holobasidiate. We review the state of knowledge of the morphology, ultrastructure, and ecology of Tremellomycetes and discuss their phylogenetic relationships, complemented by a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis, including most of the species for which sequence data are available.
Astragalus sinicus and Vicia villosa; are frequently applied green manure plants used in China. However, there is poor knowledge of the fungal endophytic community and the mycobiome of green manure crops. Field surveys were conducted during 2017-2019 in four provinces in China. Asymptomatic plant parts were collected. Using a culture-dependent method, 517 fungal isolates were obtained from Astragalus sinicus and Vicia villosa. These isolates were further identified using a combination of morphological and multi-loci phylogenetic analyses and were differentiated into 30 species in 15 genera in ten families belonging to only Ascomycota. Most isolated strains belonged to Sordariomycetes. The most dominant genus was Fusarium, with 381 isolates from both crops, while all other taxa were isolated less than 40 times. The similarity search on the Fusarium MLST database showed the 370 strains belonged to seven Fusarium complexes and one subclade. Eleven strains could not be assigned to any complex. The remaining 136 isolates were identified and assigned to 23 known and seven novel species. A total of 178 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained from Illumina analysis and mainly classified into five phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Cryptomycota, and Mucoromycota). Overall OTUs were further assigned to 21 classes, 48 orders, 66 families, and 74 genera. Based on overall OTUs, the most abundant species was Alternaria alternata, which was also isolated from the culture-dependent method. Most species and genera recorded from the High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) approach were not obtained in the culture-dependent method (Boeremia, Cladosporium, Filobasidium, Magnoporthe, Mucor, Rhizoctonia, Sporidiobolus). Functional annotation reveals that all Ascomycetes genera obtained in both approaches comprised several plant pathogenic species.
The present work's aim was to study the microbial quality of minimally processed apples commercialized in Portugal. Sixty eight samples of fresh-cut apple were analyzed before their best-before date in 2011 and 2012 for aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, total coliforms, lactic-acid bacteria (LAB), coagulase-positive staphylococci and fungi. The parameters of food safety studied were Cronobacter sakazakii, Salmonella spp. and Listeria sp. Samples were analyzed according to standard methodologies and using Chromocult Agar for coliforms and Escherichia coli. The yeasts were identified by restriction analysis of the ITS-5.8S rDNA-region and 26S rDNA partial sequencing. The mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms ranged from 3.3 to 8.9 and from 4.9 to 8.4 log CFU/g, respectively. Coliforms were detected in all the samples and staphylococci in 5.8% of them. LAB numbers varied from 2.8 to 8.7 and fungi (yeast and molds) from 3.6 to 7.1 log CFU/g. The most common yeasts were Candida sake and Pichia fermentans followed by Hanseniaspora spp., Candida spp., Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Cryptococcus spp. and the psychrotrophic Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum. Foodborne bacteria and opportunistic pathogenic yeasts were not detected in the apples studied. The results obtained respected the European Commission regulation regarding criteria of food hygiene and safety.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
This chapter focuses on Mrakia genus and its member species. Growth of this genus on solid media is white to cream-colored, often mucoid, and visible carotenoid pigments are not present. Both yeast and mycelial phases occur in this genus. In the yeast phase, the cells are ovoid to elongate and reproduce by budding whereas the formation of the mycelial phase occurs in the absence of mating. Teliospores are produced terminally or intercalarily on the mycelium and yeast cells are uninucleate and produce uninucleate teliospore-bearing hyphae without clamp connections. The sole member species of this genus is Mrakia frigida. The cells of this species, after undergoing growth in 5% malt extract for three days at 12° C, appear as short-ovoidal to ovoidal-elongate, and occur either singly or in pairs. Occasionally, septate cells are also observed. In the case of undergoing growth on 5% malt agar for one month at 12° C, the streak culture is cream-, yellowish-white to light brownish-gray, raised, dull, mucoid and smooth or wrinkled.
Septal pore ultrastructure of selected species of basidiomycetous yeasts was observed. Rhodosporidium dacryoidum and Leucosporidium fellii of the teliospore-forming yeasts have simple septal pores, whereas those of Mrakia frigida and Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum of the Filobasidiaceae possess dolipores without parenthesomes. In Erythrobasidium hasegawianum and Kondoa malvinella, also of the Filobasidiaceae, the septa are simple, uniperforate, and associated with pore occlusions. Erythrobasidium hasegawianum has the septal pore structure typical of members of Rhodosporidium and related genera in the teliospore-forming yeasts, whereas K. malvinella has septal pores similar to those of Atractogloea stillata (Atractiellales). In addition to these features, E. hasegawianum is characterized by the multilayered cell wall structure and enteroblastic conidiogenesis typical of basidiomycetous yeasts. Sympodiomycopsis paphiopedili, a yeast-like anamorph with basidiomycetous nature, has a simple septal pore structure suggesting a possible affinity with the teliospore-forming yeasts. Comparisons between the ultrastructural. morphological and chemosystematic evidence are made, and the taxonomic decisions of recent years are discussed.
Two new species of the yeast genus Pichia were isolated from frass obtained from loblolly pines growing in Mississippi. The new taxa, designated Pichia amylophila and Pichia mississippiensis, are heterothallic, and Candida obtusa var. arabinosa proved to be a haploid member of the latter species. The species show interspecific mating, but ascospores from the crosses are infertile. The nuclear deoxyribonucleic acids from the species differ by 2 mol% in guanine plus cytosine content and exhibit low (25%) base sequence complementarity. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness was determined spectrophotometrically, and the methodology is given in detail.
Low molecular weight lignin-related aromatic compounds were used as sole sources of carbon and energy for the selective isolation of yeasts. A total of 227 yeast strains were isolated from terrestrial and aquatic habitats and ascribed to three groups: ascomycetous yeasts (17.6%), ascomycetous yeast-like microorganisms (5.3%) and basidiomycetous yeasts (77.1%). About half of the strains, representing the proportions of the various groups, were identified to the species level. Among the basidiomycetous yeasts, those affiliated to the Ustilaginales were present in higher number (75 strains) than the representatives of the Tremellales/Filobasidiales (16 strains). The ability of each identified isolate to grow in liquid medium with the same composition as the solid selective isolation medium was checked. Only 41% of the ascomycetous yeasts were able to grow, whereas all the ascomycetous yeast-like isolates and 90% of the basidiomycetous yeasts had that capacity. A novel basidiomycetous anamorphic yeast species was found among the strains collected and is described as Rhodotorula vanillica. Conspecificity with the phenotypically similar species Rhodotorula ingeniosa was excluded based on absence of DNA-DNA complementarity.
The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and the chemotaxonomic data of Rhodosporidium infirmominiatum strains indicate a close relationship to the strains of the genus Cystofilobasidium in the Filobasidiaceae. Therefore, Rhodosporidium infirmominiatum is eclassified in the chemotaxonomically defined genus Cystofilobasidium, as Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (Fell, Hunter et Tallman) Hamamoto, Sugiyama et Komagata comb. nov. which includes its anamorph taxa. Interrelations among Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Cystofilobasidium,
Mrakia, and Leucosporidium are discussed.
Description is provided of a new heterobasidiomycetous genus, Cystofilobasidium, based on Rhodosporidium capitatum. The genus is characterized by teliospores which give rise to filobasidiaceous basidia, sessile primary basidiospores which remain attached to the basidium, and a yeast phase developing from buds produced by the primary spores. Two species formerly placed in Rhodosporidium are transferred to Cystofilobasidium; these are C. bisporidiis (Fell, Hunter and Tallman) Oberw. and Bandoni comb, nov., and C. capitatum (Fell, Hunter and Tallman) Oberw. and Bandoni, comb. nov.