... Many different tissue sources have been used to evaluate ACL graft fixation, including human, porcine, bovine and ovine. Human knees are the most commonly used for evaluation of ACL graft fixation devices (Kurosaka et al. 1987, Shapiro et al. 1992, Matthews et al. 1993, Butler et al. 1994, Kohn and Rose 1994, Steiner et al. 1994, Kao et al. 1995, Johnson et al. 1996, Caborn et al. 1997, Rowden et al. 1997, Aune et al. 1998, Caborn et al. 1998, Dalldorf et al. 1998, Matthews et al. 1998, Stapelton et al. 1998, Höher et al. 1999, Magen et al. 1999, Seitz et al. 1999, Stadelmaier et al. 1999, Brand et al. 2000a, Brand et al. 2000b, Shino and Pflaster 2000, Nagarkatti et al. 2001, Rittmeister et al. 2001, Selby et al. 2001, Honl et al. 2002, Rittmeister et al. 2002, Scheffler et al. 2002, Starch et al. 2003, Steenlage et al. 2002, Nurmi et al. 2003, Aydin et al. 2004, Kocabey et al. 2004, Nurmi et al. 2004a, Nurmi et al. 2004c). Obviously it would be optimal to use human cadaver tissue from young and healthy donors in evaluating the structural properties of ACL graft fixation, but since human tissues are difficult to obtain in the required extent, animal tissues have been used widely in biomechanical experiments. ...