Triple-frequencies of co-polarization Yagi Patch Antenna for 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz Application

Abstract

This paper presents a triple-frequencies of co-polarization Yagi Patch antenna dropped at desired frequency 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio will be introduce as an effective tool for 3D electromagnetic simulation of high frequency components. The analysis on performance will be based on the obtained results especially in return loss, bandwidth, surface current and radiation pattern.

Full text

Triple-frequencies of co-polarization Yagi Patch
Antenna for 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz
Application
M.F.Jamlos1, R.A.Rahim1, H.Othman1, M.Jusoh1, Z.A.Ahmad1, M.A.Romli1, M.N.salimi2
1School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP),
Kampus Pauh Putra, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
2School of Bioproses Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
faizaljamlos@unimap.edu.my, rosemizi@unimap.edu.my, hazila@unimap.edu.my, ame_tango1@yahoo.com,
zahari@unimap.edu.my, asmi@unimap.edu.my, nabil@unimap.edu.my
Abstract – This paper presents a triple-frequencies of co-
polarization Yagi Patch antenna dropped at desired frequency
2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Computer Simulation
Technology (CST) Microwave Studio will be introduce as an
effective tool for 3D electromagnetic simulation of high
frequency components. The analysis on performance will be
based on the obtained results especially in return loss,
bandwidth, surface current and radiation pattern.
Keywords-triple frequency, yagi patch antenna;
I. INTRODUCTION
Modern wireless communications suffer from the
increasing in interference between users or electronic
jamming. One of the means to resolve the problems is to use a
reconfigurable antenna whose characteristics can be
reconfigured in term of frequency, polarization, and radiation
pattern.
Many reconfigurable antennas have been proposed and
Yagi patch antenna is one of the candidates due to compact,
low profile and light weight [1-3]. Yagi-Uda, commonly
known simply as a Yagi antenna, is a directional antenna
consisting of a driven element (typically a dipole or folded
dipole) and additional parasitic elements (usually a so-called
reflector and one or more directors). The beam pattern is end-
fire type, and it has good FBR (Front-to-back ratio) and a high
directivity [4-8].
The work reported in this paper not only seeks to reduce the
space between elements, but also the height of elements, and
meanwhile improve performance. A special double-folded
monopole is introduced as the element of the monopole-type
antenna, which can overcome the mismatching and efficiency
problem for close space and low height. The antenna is
reduced successfully in both height and space between
elements, and has high directivity, gain and front-to-back ratio
[9-20]. This paper presents a principle of the proposed
antenna along with analysis and design of the reconfigurable
antenna operating at 2.3GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8GHz.
II. MATERIALS AND METHOD
The Yagi Patch antenna utilizes five director elements and
one reflector in order to maximize beam directivity by CST
Simulation Software in Figure 1. The shape of the Yagi
antenna patch is the rectangular which is etched on FR4
substrate of thickness h=1.6mm and dielectric constant εr
=4.7. The antenna was designed at desired frequency of
2.3GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8GHz.
Figure 1: Design of proposed Yagi Patch Antenna
The proposed Yagi antenna consists of one element
reflector (RL), one driven element (DE) and five elements of
director. The Reflector is located at the back of DE and
directors as depicted by Figure 1. While, the DE is situated
between RL and directors in order to intercept the receiving
equipment through the cable.
The dimension of the elements is frequency-dependent.
This antenna is designed at the desired combination frequency
of 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz is based on the equation 1
up to 5.
Reflector
Driven element
Director 1
Director 2
Director 3
2012 IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology and Applications (ISWTA), September 23-26, 2012, Bandung, Indonesia
978-1-4673-2210-2/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE 138

Reflector length = 0.495 x wavelength (1)
Dipole radiator = 0.473 x wavelength (2)
Director D1 = 0.440 x wavelength (3)
Director D2 = 0.435 x wavelength (4)
Director D3 = 0.430 x wavelength (5)
III. RESULT AND DISCUSS ION
Figure 2 shows a return loss, S11 drops at 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz
and 5.611GHz with -10.12 dB, -28.13dB and -
19.432dB respectively. A good antenna design should
indicate a return loss of less than -10dB. VSWR simulation
result for three different frequencies shown in Figure 3. The
three frequencies’ VSWR are below 2. In designing antenna,
requirement value for VSWR is beween 1 and 2.
Figure 2: Return loss of Yagi Patch antenna
Figure 3: VSWR of Yagi Patch antenna
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 4: Surface current of proposed Yagi antenna at (a) 2.3
GHz (b) 2.4 GHz (c) 5.8 GHz
Figure 4 shows a surface current for 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz and
5.8 GHz. At 2.3GHz and 2.4 GHz, current flow at four
2012 IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology and Applications (ISWTA), September 23-26, 2012, Bandung, Indonesia
139

director elements of Yagi patch antenna. It is observed that
good intensity of current flow is delivered at 2.3GHz.
However, at higher frequency, current has been distributed
almost all over the five director elements as depicted by
Figure 4(c).
Figure 5(a), (b) and (c) show the radiation pattern of
proposed Yagi patch antenna at 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz and
5.8GHz. The gain can be increased by adding more directors
or optimizing spacing (or rarely, adding another refelctor).
Some improvement will be done to increase the gain value for
Yagi patch antenna.
The radiation pattern of the antenna tends to transmit or
receive the bulk of the signal from the forward direction. A
Yagi patch antenna can be placed either vertically or
horizontally. Although this could shift the radiation pattern
slightly, the concepts of gain and directivity still remain.
Figure 6 shows that the radiation pattern operates at 2.3 GHz,
2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. It is found out from Figure 5(a) that
lower frequency has broader HPBW when radiating compared
to higher frequency.
(a)
(b)
Figure 5: 2D Farfield for gain in linear (a) (theta/phi0°) (b)
(theta/phi90°)
(a)
(b)
Figure 6: 2D Farfield for gain in linear (a) (phi/theta0°) (b)
(phi/theta90°)
Table 1: Simulation result for Yagi Patch antenna.
Frequency
2.3GHz
2.4GHz
5.8GHz
Gain
3.2055
4.2051
4.2758
S11
-10.076dB
-23.14dB
-19.43dB
VSWR
< 1.7
< 1.7
< 1.7
Meanwhile Figure 6 shows that the cross-polarization
radiation pattern of proposed Yagi patch antenna in free
space. The signal radiate looks like number eight as depicted
by Figure 6(b). The simulation results for gain, return loss and
VSWR are summarized in Table 1. The proposed Yagi
2012 IEEE Symposium on Wireless Technology and Applications (ISWTA), September 23-26, 2012, Bandung, Indonesia
140

antenna has been successfully dropped at three desired
frequency which is 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. This
antenna covers the frequency of 2.3 GHz for Wimax, 2.4 GHz
band for wireless LAN application and 5.8 GHz ISM band
application.
IV. CONCLUSION
Triple-frequencies of co-polarization Yagi Patch Antenna
has been designed. Improvement done for gain which can be
increased by adding more directors or optimizing spacing (or
rarely, adding another refelctor). So there are a number of
trade-offs which must be considered when contemplate
putting up a good antenna system. The proposed antenna has
been successfully in working at three different frequencies
which are 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. With that
capability, the proposed antenna is potentially to be
implemented for Wimax, Wi-Fi and ISM applications.
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