Yuning Gao

Tsinghua University | TH · School of Public Policy and Management

The exposure to extreme heat at workplaces may result in great risks to the involved labour. This issue becomes more prominent due to the global dispersion of labour-intensive work via trade. Here we combine a high-resolution climate model with an input–output model to investigate the exposure to extreme heat at work due to global trade. We find an...

Input-Output (IO) data describing supply-demand relationships between buyers and sellers for goods and services within an economy have been used not only in economics but also in scientific, environmental, and interdisciplinary research. However, most conventional IO data are highly aggregated, resulting in challenges for researchers and practition...

This paper aims to advance research on transnational corporations (TNCs) and international business policy by identifying the role and influence of foreign-owned TNCs in global value chains (GVCs) compared with those of domestically owned firms. We do this by dividing the topology of trade in value added (TiVA) into three networks composed, respect...

Carbon emissions associated with international trade are significant. The emergence of complex global value chains (GVCs) in recent decades, in which a country can operate as both a consumer and producer simultaneously, has led to a further rise in emissions. The complexity of these GVCs makes it increasingly difficult to determine what country is...

Despite the massive privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China, its impact on firm innovation remains poorly understood. Prior literature fails to capture some significant phenomena because it inappropriately measures SOE privatization as a dummy variable, which, in actuality, should be measured by “degree”. Using a unique Chinese Pat...

US multinational enterprises sell considerable amounts of products to China's domestic consumers that are “made” in either China or other countries. However, these sales are not counted as US exports to China. To account for this, we propose a beyond-borders approach to measuring trade flows that explicitly considers firm ownership, termed “trade i...

This study investigates the US-China relations and examines the impact of the US-China trade war on the global economy through the lens of global value chains (GVCs). We begin by reviewing the history of US-China relations in GVCs from three perspectives: cooperation, competition, and conflict. Using trade in value-added as a metric, we show that t...

Based on the 1% sample survey of the National Population Census (2015), this paper empirically analyzes the impact of intergenerational occupational mobility levels on labor migration in terms of push and pull factors. We found that increasing the degree of intergenerational occupational mobility has a significant “agglomeration effect” on register...

This paper examines China's domestic production networks. It uses VAT invoices to build inter-provincial input-output tables for 2002 and 2012. These are combined with population censuses to determine the location of workers involved in production. We document i) increased trade in intermediate inputs between provinces; ii) inter-provincial product...

Given its substantial contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, household consumption has been identified as a major contributor to climate change. Among various household activities, eating is a basic activity undertaken by everyone, and thus the environmental consequences of food consumption are attracting increasing attention. Although household...

Green innovation is an effective way of solving the dilemma of the economy–environment trade-off. As an important innovation policy in China, national economic and technological development zones (NETDZs) play a significant role in promoting innovation, but empirical studies on their impact on innovation, especially green innovation, are scarce. In...

This chapter provided a broad view of recent developments in GVCs by combining indicators from the literature with ones developed by the authors of this chapter. Although economic nationalism, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other headwinds reinforce the narrative of slowbalization, a comprehensive and systematic look shows that the picture is more mixe...

The industrial air pollution in China and mitigation efforts used to combat it may be related to the career incentives of political elites under informal institutions. This study investigates whether and to what extent the personal connections of political elites, that is, patron-client relations between local and upper-level officials, influence C...

Service industries are generally considered “green” because of their marginal direct emissions; however, they account for 65% of the world gross domestic product and over 20% of total global trade in 2019. Here, we quantify the evolution of carbon emissions embodied in services trade from 2010 to 2018 and identify the driving factors of emission ch...

The existing literature lack of a comprehensive framework for measuring and comparing the efficiency of different types of enterprises. Distinguished from the traditional efficiency, this paper constructs the comprehensive efficiency from a multi-output productivity model including net profit and external enterprise social responsibility based on t...

This paper aims to advance International Business (IB) research by better identifying the role and influential area of foreign-owned multinational enterprises (MNEs) in global value chains (GVCs) compared to that of domestic-owned firms. For doing this, we build an input-output model to divide the topology of trade in value added into three network...

Numerous the US multinational enterprises sold considerable amounts of products, which were "made" in China or third countries, to China's domestic consumers, but these sales were not counted as the US exports to China. We propose a beyond-border-type measure, "trade in factor income," that defines the US-owned factor-income induced by China's fina...

In International Business (IB), the discussion of COVID-19 related GVC models driving resilience has taken momentum since May 2020. This study opts for an integrative review to help create new knowledge through the conceptualisation of exogenous shock context with its succession to disruptive responses, leading to GVC impacts through country-and MN...

As the world's largest carbon emitter, China has set stringent mitigation targets. The Five-Year-Plans have been an important administrative tool for China in climate change mitigation. However, the emissions transfer inside China has raised the problem of pollution haven affect and challenges to the effectiveness of the mitigation policies. This s...

Green innovation (GI) is an important means of achieving a win-win outcome in the form of both economic development and environmental protection. Using a unique Chinese Patent Census Database to identify the quantity and quality of GI in each province and panel data for Chinese industrial sector in 30 provinces from 2002 to 2015, we investigated th...

One of the most undesirable output of China's rapid economic growth has been increasing carbon emissions. This study measures and analyzes the impact of carbon emissions on China's regional total factor productivity from 2000 to 2017. Using Global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity indexes, we re-estimate the provincial level of total factor product...

Evidence shows that a variety of macroeconomic and firm level factors have a positive impact on carbon emission mitigation. However, little is known regarding the comprehensive effect of research and development (R&D) input on a firm’s environmental performance. Using a data set comprised of public firms operating in 52 countries from 2002 to 2015,...

Endogenous growth theories have underpinned the pivotal role of education in innovation. However, our empirical study uncovers a mixed effect of higher education on firm innovation in China. Using Chinese Patent Census Data, a unique dataset, this paper is able to quantify innovation in China by incorporating a quality dimension for the first time....

In response to climate change issues, China has set clear targets to reduce emissions. The establishment of a carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS) has an important role in China's achievement of these targets. China designed its ETS in 2011 and implemented it in pilot regions in 2013. This study investigated whether the ETS reduces carbon emission...

Energy saving is essential to sustainable development and has been a major target set by the Chinese government. This study analyzes China’s energy intensity change during 1997-2015. This paper applies non-vertical adjusted structural decomposition analysis method to build comparable input-output tables and decomposes China’s energy use according t...

Over the past few decades, the Chinese government has adopted a series of national innovation development strategies, which have begotten the rapid growth of Chinese patenting. However, the views expressed by the international community regarding this patent boom are split right down the middle, with some seeing it as an innovation miracle and othe...

The complexity of shared emissions responsibility for carbon transfers in various regions of China has further raised additional challenges for energy savings and carbon mitigation efforts. This paper establishes an extended provincial input-output (IO) model for each province to calculate carbon emissions based on production, consumption, and tran...

In this article, the efficiency of 12 development financial institutions (DFIs) is measured from 2009 to 2015 using the DEA–Malmquist method from dynamic and static aspects. Empirical analysis is performed on the influence factors of the DFIs using the Tobit model. Studies have shown that a multilateral DFI is more efficient than the other two type...

The big data on the value-added tax (VAT), which links upstream production and downstream consumption, can serve as a key basis for a structured macroeconomic analysis. This paper discusses the construction and aggregation method of the transaction matrix between enterprises based on this data and develops a multiregional input-output (MRIO) table....

The China's Input-Output tables for 2007 and 2012 which were published by the China National Bureau of Statistics are competitive current price input-output tables. Based on these tables, this paper constructs the China's non-competitive constant price input-output data for 2007 and 2012. This dataset is supplementary to Ref. [1]. And we share the...

This paper applies the directional distance function to measure the technical efficiency incorporates carbon dioxide emissions as an undesirable output of 29 provinces in China from 1978 to 2015. In addition, we presented the best-practice provinces during the representative years and analyzed the structural variables of technical efficiency based...

To date, the burden of CO2 emissions reductions has been largely confined to large enterprises in China. Using new data with firm ownership and size information included, we show that micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) produced 53% of China's CO2 emissions in 2010. Detailed supply-chain analysis reveals that final demand for products...

The paper first exams the overall global imbalance by using the Net International Investment Position and then extracts its change with current account balance and merchandise trade deficit between China and the US. The research goes beyond the traditional interpretation of the phenomenon through the analysis of these outsourcing activities to the...

This paper recalculates value added, capital formation, capital stock and related multifactor productivity in China's industrial sectors by further developing the genuine savings method of the World Bank. The sector-level natural capital loss was calculated using China's official input-output table and their extensions for tracing final consumers....

In order to address the serious water shortage problem in northern China, China has launched the South-to-North Water Diversion Scheme, which is a large-scale inter-basin water diversion project. With Beijing as an example and using input–output analysis, this paper analyzes the macroeconomic impact of the increased water supply on the affected are...

The emerging of China as the largest trader, second largest economy, and the third largest outward direct investor of the world definitely has a great impact on all Asian economies during the past decades. This chapter will first examine the role of China in terms of its regional economic growth and its spillover effect through the analysis on the...

This article examines China's major development contributions, looking at its wider impact on world development. In particular, the article examines the impact of China's development on the changing pattern between the North and South and the human development index. The factors and related regimes behind these phenomena are discussed and a concept...

Domestic financial market development is a key determinant of a currency’s international status, and financial depth and market liquidity are two essential attributes for an international currency. This paper discusses the status of the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) financial markets and their depth and liquidity conditions. The paper also com...

The build-up of huge foreign exchange reserve makes China a net creditor and also brings in significant challenges to the Chinese economy. Considering the internationalization of the renminbi as China’s response to the global imbalance, this paper analyzes the effect of renminbi internationalization on the formation of reserves and compares its ben...

The development of China's iron and steel industry (ISI) is an important indication of China's industrialization. This paper analyses the industry from the perspectives of historical retrospect, international comparison and sustainable development. We find that China's ISI has made huge progress at the technical level. During the same period of tim...

One of the most serious consequences of China's rapid economic development has been increased pollution and degradation of natural resources. The purpose of this study is among the first attempts to measure and analyze the impact of environment pollution on production in China by means of applied productivity analysis. We investigate technical prog...