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Publications (85)
Brown root rot, caused by infection of the basidiomycete Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. Cunn., threatens many tree species in forests, orchards, and plantations of tropical regions. However, the precise physiological impairment of the trees with disease progression remains inadequately understood. Here, we chronicle the root decay, water relation, an...
Brown root rot disease (BRRD), caused by Phellinus noxius, is an important tree disease in tropical/subtropical areas. To improve chemical control of BRRD and deter emergence of fungicide resistance in P. noxius, this study investigated control efficacies and systemic activities of fungicides with different modes of action. Fourteen fungicides with...
We describe two new species of Fulvifomes based on morphological observations and phylogenetic investigations. Both species were identified as Phellinus rimosus by former mycologists, but both are morphologically distinct from authenticated specimen of P. rimosus. Fulvifomes boninensis is characterized by perennial basidiomata, a sulcate pileus sur...
The rare achlorophyllous orchid Cyrtosia septentrionalis is thought to switch mycobiont from a Physisporinus species (‘TK-10’) to an Armillaria species as it develops. We conducted morphological, chemical and molecular analyses of the root system of three adult plants growing sympatrically in Japan to assess reliance on different mycorrhizae. The r...
Armillaria root disease, caused by diverse species from the Agaricomycete genus Armillaria s.l. (including the closely related genus Desarmillaria), is a primary cause of mortality and growth loss of widely ranging horticultural, urban, and forest trees and shrubs in diverse boreal, temperate, and tropical/subtropical regions where woody plants gro...
The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between strength characteristics, basic density and decay-area ratio of Japanese larch heartwood decayed by white-pocket rot fungus Polodaedalea chrysoloma. Sound trees and decayed trees of Japanese larch were logged from 117-yr old plantation forest, and green-wood specimens were collected...
Tuber himalayense is a species of edible Asiatic black truffle which is sister to Tuber indicum. Local populations contribute significantly to the reproduction of truffles, but fundamental data of fine-scale genetic structure is lacking in Asiatic truffle species. In this study, we provide the first report on the genotypic diversity and spatial fru...
Phoretic nematodes associated with two mass-occurring populations of the millipede Parafontaria laminata were examined, focusing on Pristionchus spp. The nematodes that propagated on dissected millipedes were genotyped using the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. Four Pristionchus spp. were detected: P. degawai, P. laevicollis,...
The activity concentrations of radiocesium (¹³⁷Cs) in wild mushrooms are reported to vary according to species, genus or ecological types. In addition, the concentration fluctuates among the same species collected within the same area. Therefore, we investigated whether the ¹³⁷Cs concentration of wild mushrooms would be (1) spatially biased, or (2)...
Textbook for under graduate and graduate student of universities, tree doctors , and government workers on park management etc. 森林全体に対する病理を解説する教科書．主な読者対象は農学部（森林科学系），樹木医を目指す方，現役の樹木医．
Phellinus noxius, the cause of brown root-rot disease, is an invasive fungal pathogen that causes a white rot among woody plants in Asia, Oceania, and Africa. Because the origin and diversity of this pathogen are unknown, it is difficult to predict its behavior and invasive capacity, especially under future climate-change scenarios. We characterize...
Tricholoma bakamatsutake, which forms its fruit body in oak forests, is similar to T. matsutake in shape and odor; therefore, it is expected to have a high economic value similar to T. matsutake. Recently, the fruit bodies of T. bakamatsutake were produced after planting of a Quercus phillyraeoides sapling with a pure culture of the fungal mycelia....
The order Hymenochaetales of white rot fungi contain some of the most aggressive wood decayers causing tree deaths around the world. Despite their ecological importance and the impact of diseases they cause, little is known about the evolution and transmission patterns of these pathogens. Here, we sequenced and undertook comparative genomics analys...
The order Hymenochaetales of white rot fungi contain some of the most aggressive wood decayers causing tree deaths around the world. Despite their ecological importance and the impact of diseases they cause, little is known about the evolution and transmission patterns of these pathogens. Here, we sequenced and undertook comparative genomics analys...
After the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011, high activities of radiocaesium have been reported in wild mushrooms in Japan. Fungi play an important role in the dynamics of radiocaesium in forest ecosystems. We examined the contents of caesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb), and potassium (K) in the mycelium of 15 isolates of ectom...
2017): Insights into the phylogeny of Northern Hemisphere Armillaria: Neighbor-net and Bayesian analyses of translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences, Mycologia To link to this article: http://dx.
An unusual mortality of several woody plant species was recently found in the Ogasawara Islands. Here, we show that brown root rot caused by Phellinus noxius was the primary cause of this unusual tree death. Typical symptoms of the disease were confirmed on 41 plant species in 29 plant families. Among them, 23 were novel hosts of P. noxius, includi...
Phellinus noxius is a pathogenic fungus that causes brown root rot disease in a variety of tree species. This fungus is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Southeast and East Asia, Oceania, Australia, Central America and Africa. In Japan, it was first discovered on Ishigaki Island in Okinawa Prefecture in 1988; since then, it has be...
Trunk rot, caused by Fomitiporia torreyae, is one of the most economically important sap rot diseases on Cryptomeria japonica, especially on a cutting cultivar ‘Sanbu-sugi’. This disease had been reported only from Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures in Japan; however, a similar trunk rot on Japanese cedars was found recently in Kyoto prefecture. We iden...
The distribution of Phellinus noxius is currently limited to tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast and East Asia, Oceania, Central America, and Africa. The ability of this pathogen to produce disease in temperate climates is unknown. We examined the pathogenicity of Phellinus noxius on four important conifer plantation species grown under t...
Tricholoma matsutake is the most commercially important edible mushroom in pine forests in Japan. Tricholoma bakamatsutake and T. fulvocastaneum, species closely related to T. matsutake, occur in Fagaceae forests. We examined ectomycorrhizal (EM) formation by these Tricholoma species by in vitro synthesis among seven strains (two of T. matsutake, f...
Trunk rot poses a substantial threat to Sanbu-sugi, one of the most economically important cultivars of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). The etiology of this disease, including its main agents, is incompletely known. This trunk rot was attributed to Fomitiporia (Phellinus) hartigii or F. (Phellinus) punctata. Here we phylogenetically analyzed...
Tricholoma dulciolens is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete that produces “matsutake”-like mushrooms in association with Picea abies in Fennoscandia. The phylogenetic position of T. dulciolens relative to matsutake species is, however, unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that T. dulciolens is phylogenetically independent from T. matsutake...
The decay risk of airborne wood-decay fungi in the same volume of air was investigated by using an air sampler over the course of a year at three different sampling sites. Japanese cedar disks measuring 7.8 cm in diameter and about 3 mm in thickness, and with a moisture content of about 100 % were placed in a “BIOSAMP” air sampler and then exposed...
Armillaria plays diverse ecological roles in forests worldwide, which has inspired interest in understanding phylogenetic relationships within and among species of this genus. Previous rDNA sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of Armillaria have shown general relationships among widely divergent taxa, but rDNA sequences were not reliable for separa...
We examined the level of specificity exhibited by seeds of Cyrtosia septentrionalis for germination-inducing fungi. Three wood-decomposing Armillaria species (A. gallica, A. mellea subsp. nipponica and A. tabescens) known to colonize adult plants and an unidentified species of Polyporales isolated from naturally growing protocorms were tested. Xylo...
Multiple alignment of sequences containing megB1 from matsutake. Base positions are given above the alignment. Arrows indicate the location of sequences that form the direct repeat unique to T. magnivelare. SFT08; T. bakamatsutake SF-Tf08, WKN10; T. fulvocastaneum WK-N10-29, R107; T. caligatum TFM-M-R107, R106; T. caligatum TFM-M-R106, TpC3; T. mag...
“Matsutake” mushrooms are formed by several species of Tricholoma sect. Caligata distributed across the northern hemisphere. A phylogenetic analysis of matsutake based on virtually neutral mutations in DNA sequences resolved robust relationships among Tricholoma anatolicum, Tricholoma bakamatsutake, Tricholoma magnivelare, Tricholoma matsutake, and...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (AMT) was successfully applied to mycelia of the 3 economically important mushrooms Hypsizigus marmoreus, Flammulina velutipes, and Grifola frondosa. We used the hygromycin B resistance gene (hph) under the control of the Cryptococcus neoformans actin promoter. Eighty-six resistant strains of H. mar...
The fungus Phellinus noxius has a broad host range and causes brown root rot in a variety of tree species of various ages, irrespective of their original health. The fungus is widely distributed in tropical countries of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands and Australia, Central America and Caribbean, and Africa. Since 1988, when brown root rot was...
We have optimized a simple and rapid preparation procedure for mushroom DNA extraction from colonies on media or from fruiting bodies for PCR amplification. The protocol combines microwaving twice for 1 min, cooling for 10 min, and centrifuging for 5 min. By using this procedure, more than 100 samples of mushroom DNA can be prepared within 1 h. The...
Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito & S. Imai) Singer and its allied species are referred to as matsutake worldwide, and are the most economically important edible mushrooms in Japan. They are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere and establish a ectomycorrhizal relationship with conifer and broadleaf trees. To clarify relationships among T. matsu...
The relationship between the taxa of airborne fungi and the decay risk was investigated. Airborne fungi in 1,000 l of air were trapped on Japanese cedar disks, and incubated in a damp container kept at 26ºC. After 16-week incubation, filamentous fungi grown on the disks were isolated and DNA extracted from each isolate was amplified with the primer...
An undetermined Armillaria species was collected on Amami-Oshima, a subtropical island of Japan. The phylogenetic position of the Armillaria sp. was determined using sequences of the elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The phylogenetic analyses based on EF-1α a...
We have optimized a simple and rapid preparation procedure for mushroom DNA extraction from colonies on media or from fruiting bodies for PCR amplification. The protocol combines microwaving twice for 1 min, cooling for 10 min, and centrifuging for 5 min. By using this procedure, more than 100 samples of mushroom DNA can be prepared within 1 h. The...
Distribution, host preference and pathogenicity of Japanese Armillaria species on conifers were investigated on the basis of field collections of 65 isolates. We identified seven Armillaria species from 19 conifer species including six major Japanese plantation conifers using mating tests and sequences of the translation elongation-1 α gene. Armill...
The distribution of genets of a root and butt rot pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum was studied in a 68-year-old Abies sachalinensis plantation in Japan. A total of 33 pure cultures of H. parviporum were isolated from diseased Todo fir stumps after clear-felling. Individual genets of the fungus were identified by three different methods: somatic i...
A taxonomic study based on morphological and phylogenetic characters revealed that the specimens referred to as ‘Polyporus pseudobetulinus’ in Japan actually represent two distinct species, namely, P. pseudobetulinus and P. subvarius. These cam be distinguished by characteristics of the pileus surface, the presence/absence of clamp-connections on g...
An undetermined Armillaria species was collected on Amami-Oshima, a subtropical island of Japan. The phylogenetic position of the Armillaria sp. was determined using sequences of the elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The phylogenetic analyses
based on EF-1α a...
Fatal root rot caused by Armillaria tabescens is common on cherry trees planted in parks and on streets in Japan. Inoculation experiments using Japanese isolates of A. tabescens and A. gallica were conducted on 3-year-old cherry seedlings. Four years after inoculation, one of four seedlings inoculated with A. tabescens was dead, and all seedlings h...
A taxonomic study based on morphological and phylogenetic characters revealed that the specimens referred to as ‘Polyporus pseudobetulinus’ in Japan actually represent two distinct species, namely, P. pseudobetulinus and P. subvarius. These cam be distinguished by characteristics of the pileus surface, the presence/absence of clamp-connections on g...
An undetermined Armillaria species was collected on Amami-Oshima, a subtropical island of Japan. The phylogenetic position of the Armillaria sp. was determined using sequences of the elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The phylogenetic analyses based on EF-1α a...
Postia stellifera sp. nov. from Malaysia is described. This fungus is characterized by the distinctly stipitate basidiomata, terrestrial habit, and verrucose chlamydospores both in the context and in culture. Its macromorphology resembles that of Albatrellus, but phylogenetic analysis based on LSU places it within a clade comprising Postia, Amylocy...
This article briefly reviews the history of white pine blister rust, attributed to Cronartium ribicola, and addresses current research and management issues in South Korea, Japan and other regions of eastern Asia (China, Russia and Himalaya). For each region, the distribution, damage, aecial hosts, telial hosts and management of C. ribicola and oth...
Relationships were investigated among North American and Japanese isolates of Laetiporus using phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences and single-spore isolate incompatibility. Single-spore isolate pairings revealed no significant compatibility between North American and Japanese isolates. ITS analysis revealed 12 clades within the core Laetiporus c...
The decay risk of airborne wood-decay fungi was investigated by using an air sampler. Japanese cedar disks 7.8 cm in diameter
and about 3 mm in thickness with moisture content of about 100% were placed in a “BIOSAMP” air sampler and exposed to 1000
l air. Air sampling was carried out from June to September at the same sampling site in Tsukuba, Japa...
We analyzed the sequences of three DNA regions-the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of ribosomal DNA-to compare their accuracy in identifying species of Japanese Armillaria. We studied 49 isolates of eight Armillaria species, A. mellea, A. ostoyae,...
In: Noshad David; Noh Eun Woon; King, John; Sniezko, Richard A., eds. Breeding and Genetic Resources of Five-Needle Pines. Proceedings of the Conference 2008, Yangyang, Korea. Seoul, Korea: Korea Forest Research Institute. p. 56-60.
Sixty-two isolates from basidiocarps of Armillaria spp. were obtained from Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. Six species (Armillaria cepistipes, A. gallica, A. nabsnona, A. ostoyae, A. sinapina, and an undescribed species, “Nag. E”) were identified by pairing tests with known tester strains and one subspecies (Armillaria mellea subsp. nipponica, a n...
Relationships among East Asian, North American and European Laetiporus sulphureus s. lat., a cosmopolitan brown rot species complex, were assessed with phylogenetic analyses and incompatibility tests. Three East Asian taxa, Laetiporus cremeiporus sp. nov., Laetiporus montanus and Laetiporus versisporus, are described and illustrated as well as comp...
Polyporus longiporus, belonging to group Polyporellus, is newly reported from Japan in what also constitutes the second report of the species
since its original description. This species is characterized by radially elongated pores, smooth and brown to dark brown
pileus, and cylindrical and slightly curved basidiospores. Phylogenetic analysis based...
We carried out a taxonomic investigation of Echinochaete species collected from Japan and Malaysia using molecular phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations. Phylogenetic
trees based on the LSU and ITS regions detected three main clades among the Echinochaete collections used in this study. The morphology of the type specimen of E. russi...
We describe and illustrate three Heterobasidion species distributed in East Asia, based on both dried specimens and cultures. Heterobasidion parviporum, formerly known as H. annosum from Asia, is characterized by effused-reflexed basidiocarps with cuticulate pilei, small round pores, thin context and short
tubes in each layer. Examination of the ty...
We developed an efficient method for high-throughput extraction of high-quality DNA from various fungi. In this method, fungal mycelia were cultured and harvested on the surfaces of membranes on media plates. We degraded cell walls using a lytic enzyme (Yatalase). Purification was performed on 96-well glass fibre filter plates. DNA was successfully...
Armillaria tabescens is one of the most serious root rot pathogens affecting ornamental trees in Japan. To investigate the distribution of A. tabescens in the soil, experiments using the bait method were conducted in a Cerasus × parvifolia 'Fuyu-zakura' stand. A total of 615 oak logs were placed in 11 experimental plots in the damaged stand, which...
Sixty-two isolates from basidiocarps of Armillaria spp. were obtained from Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. Six species (Armillaria cepistipes, A. gallica, A. nabsnona, A. ostoyae, A. sinapina, and an undescribed species, “Nag. E”) were identified by pairing tests with known tester strains and one subspecies (Armillaria mellea subsp. nipponica, a n...
We describe and illustrate three Heterobasidion species distributed in East Asia, based on both dried specimens and cultures. Heterobasidion parviporum, formerly known as H. annosum from Asia, is characterized by effused-reflexed basidiocarps with cuticulate pilei, small round pores, thin context and short tubes in each layer. Examination of the ty...
Polyporus longiporus, belonging to group Polyporellus, is newly reported from Japan in what also constitutes the second report of the species since its original description. This species is characterized by radially elongated pores, smooth and brown to dark brown pileus, and cylindrical and slightly curved basidiospores. Phylogenetic analysis based...
Relationships among three Japanese Laetiporus taxa (“L. sulphureus var. sulphureus” auct. jap., L. sulphureus var. miniatus, and L. versisporus) were assessed with phylogenetic analysis and incompatibility tests. Gene phylogenies inferred from the internal transcribed
spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA, elongation factor 1α, and β-tubulin gene...
Polyporus accommodates morphologically heterogeneous species and is divided into six infrageneric groups based on macromorphological characters. On the other hand allied genera have macro- and microscopic characters similar to those of Polyporus. The phylogenetic relationships of Polyporus and allied genera were established from sequences of RNA po...
Relationships among three Japanese Laetiporus taxa (“L. sulphureus var. sulphureus” auct. jap., L. sulphureus var. miniatus, and L. versisporus) were assessed with phylogenetic analysis and incompatibility tests. Gene phylogenies inferred from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA, elongation factor 1α, and β-tubulin gene...
The occurrence and symptoms of root and butt rot were examined in a 35 × 30 m plot of 68-year-old Todo fir plantation in Hokkaido, Japan. Forty-seven percent of the cut stumps were decayed and 52% of the decayed stumps showed similar decay characteristics with yellowish orange to light brown colouration and expanded pockets in the heartwood. Morpho...
The phylogenetic relationships of two Japanese Heterobasidion species, H. annosum sensu lato and an undetermined species, were revealed based on three gene loci, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), heat shock protein (hsp) and elongation factor 1-alpha (ef). The tree, based on combined data of gpd, hsp and ef, showed that Japanese H. an...
The phylogenetic relationships of two Japanese Heterobasidion species, H. annosum sensu lato and an undetermined species, were revealed based on three gene loci, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), heat shock protein (hsp) and elongation factor 1-α (ef). The tree, based on combined data of gpd, hsp and ef, showed that Japanese H. annosu...
The genetic variation of Armillaria mellea sensu stricto was studied within and among non-heterothallic populations from Japan and Africa, and heterothallic populations from Europe and North America, using somatic incompatibility tests and RAPD analysis. Non-heterothallic isolates from Japan and Africa were divided into four somatic compatibility (...
The life cycle of Japanese Armillaria mellea was studied with regard to basidiomata formation from monosporous cultures, the nuclear behavior during basidiospore formation and germination, and DNA content per nucleus at different developmental stages. The nuclear behavior during basidiospore formation of A. gallica and Nagasawa's E group (Nag. E) w...
Pairing tests with isolates of Armillaria in culture were used to identify species of Armillaria and their distribution throughout Japan. The existence of 10 intersterile groups of Armillaria was determined by pairing haploid single spore isolates obtained from 20 basidiocarps from a wide geographic distribution in Japan. Two to four haploid tester...
The life cycle of Japanese Armillaria mellea was studied with regard to basidiomata formation from monosporous cultures, the nuclear behavior during basidiospore formation and germination, and DNA content per nucleus at different developmental stages. The nuclear behavior during basidiospore formation of A. gallica and Nagasawa's E group (Nag. E) w...
