Software Defined Networking based Information Centric Networking: An Overview of Approaches and Challenges

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Software Defined Networking based
Information Centric Networking: An Overview
of Approaches and Challenges
Yousef Fazea
School of Computing
University Utara Malaysia
06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
yosiffz@uum.edu.my
Fathey Mohammed
School of Computing
University Utara Malaysia
06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
Fathey.mohammed@uum.edu.my
Abstract— ICN (Information-Centric Networking) is a
traditional networking approach which focuses on Internet
design, while SDN (Software Defined Networking) is known as a
speedy and flexible networking approach. Integrating these two
approaches can solve different kinds of traditional networking
problems. On the other hand, it may expose new challenges. In
this paper, we study how these two networking approaches are
been combined to form SDN-based ICN architecture to improve
network administration. Recent research is explored to identify
the SDN-based ICN challenges, provide a critical analysis of the
current integration approaches, and determine open issues for
further research.
Keywords: Information centric network, ICN, Software defined
network, SDN, SDN based ICN
I. INTRODUCTION
SDN (Software Defined Networking) is an approach that
removes the control plane from network hardware and
implements it in software instead. SDN separates the control
and data planes to enable high programmability making
network administration more flexible using (logically)
centralized node, known as the controller. It extends facilitates
design, delivery and operation of network services without the
need to change network components [1][5].
This enables virtualizing the whole networks on a per-flow
base, which may impose a significant enhancement over
current solutions. Therefore, SDN has received huge
endorsement by companies like Google, working out
dedicated SDN-based structure for supporting their clients’
Internet services. The SDN controllers manage the data plane
of network switches by changing the entries of the flow table
on each node.
So, a trust will be built that software defined Networking
(SDN) is an important chance since it guarantees to change the
persistent development of systems administration models.
SDN is consistently concentrated control plane and a well-
characterized separation among control planes and clients [5].
SDN devices execute functions and rules chosen by a possibly
remote controller. SDN can prompt a product time of systems
administration, giving an inherent ability to advancement and
innumerable developments [5].
A few recommendations for administration affixing see
indirection as a basic segment for accomplishing high
adaptability to help fluctuated circumstances just as hub
quality, reserving and any cast. It proposes a field of study
alteration to TCP/IP organizes in order to permit extra
indirection than what is backed by DNS, allowing simple
coordination of middle boxes into the TCP/IP configuration
likewise features the issue of having an IP address – area
subordinate component – as the identifier of end has, and
proposes the presentation of a few dimensions of indirection
[4]. Figure 1 shows architecture of SDN proposed by [9]
Figure 1. Software Defined Networking Architecture [8]
On another hand, Information-Centric Networking (ICN)
has become attracting to researchers who would like to replace
the existing IP-based internetworking layer with another
solution [2]. Based on the perception that the content of the
message is the main part of the whole communication rather
than to whom it will be sent, this leads to considering data as
2021 International Congress of Advanced Technology and Engineering (ICOTEN) | 978-1-6654-1224-7/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICOTEN52080.2021.9493541
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the major factor in all ICN approaches [1]-[3]. Another
important part of ICN approaches is partitioning the control
functions dealing with information supply-demand matching
from those dealing with resources forwarding in the network.
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is expected to deal with
the system and the functions given by information plane for
the separated control plane [3]. In another word, with
Information Centric Networking (ICN), the system is based on
clients’ content, rather than the intermediate channels between
hosts [4]. It can move toward more reliable management when
organizing hubs locally support ICN components.
Transmitting to ICN capable devices into existing systems
might be a crucial issue since it could require the replacement
or update of current active devices [4]. Figure 2 shows an ICN
model proposed by [11].
Figure 2. The information-centric networking model [10]
The advantages of system virtualization and ICN storing
have been examined with regards to gadget to gadget
interchanges. The most recent creators detail the virtual asset
allotment and storing ways as a joint improvement downside.
Specific attention is given on diminishing the computational
multifaceted nature and the flagging overhead. As the trial
results recommend, the proposed disseminated calculation can
accomplish a quick assembly rate even without depending on
the trading of channel-state data. For instance, a distributed
portable application for live video gushing is introduced [6].
The application abuses the principle functionalities of ICN,
for example, named routing, in-network caching, and
multicasting. This empowers neighboring MUs and Wi-Fi
clients to work together by using the Wi-Fi organize.
Distinctive client cooperation methodologies have been
explored and the exploratory outcomes show improved
execution of the video spilling administration.
An ICN hub does two significant capacities. One is a
storing capacity that reserves an information object
disregarding and conveys the reserved information article to
clients on solicitation. The other is a name based directing
capacity that highways a client solicitation and its comparing
reaction dependent on the name of the information object.
Then again, the SDN switches ought to have the option to
separate the two distinct identifiers of the information protests
so as to do ICN related activities, e.g., reserving.
Consequently, the identifier of the information object better
conveys adequate data, thus the framework of ICN can make a
proper move over the information object [5].
In view of research there are two plan alternatives for this
operational situation. One is to utilize ICN as a structural
arrangement that gives low dimension ICN organizing
capacities notwithstanding for the end gadgets. In spite of the
fact that, it is a perfect methodology, it causes the similarity
issue. For example, off-the-shelf gadgets have been as of now
sent in the systems, e.g., its convention stack can't be adjusted
effectively. The other plan alternative is to utilize ICN as a
center transport organizes that gives a reserving framework to
the systems associated through the ICN network [7].
Software defined network faces few difficulties, together
with responsibility, versatility and accessibility. These
difficulties might be handled by thoroughly picking
arrangements inside the system. Be that as it may, the
assessment of all situations is functional for little systems. In
[8], a quick and prudent adjustment of natural procedure
calculations is given to unwind substantial scale multi-target
controller situation issues. The given recipe needs reasonable
memory asset and appreciates an avaricious heuristic to think
of an amazing starting populace, reasonable components to
energize the expansion and strengthening, and a fresh out of
the box new brisk financial master discoverer [9]. This study
explores the literature to identify the challenges of integrating
SDN and ISN, present the advantages and drawbacks of
current integration approaches, and highlight some
suggestions for future research.
II. CHALLENGES & OPEN ISSUES
This section introduces the challenges and open issues
related to the integration of SDN (Software Defined
Networking) and ICN (Information-Centric Networking).
Figure 3 shows the discussed issues and challenges
Figure 3. Challenges and Open Issues related to ICN & SDN
Integration
Flexibility
Dynamicity
Measurability
Reliability
Controllability
and
Manageability
Extended
Name-Based
Control
QoS
Scalability
Security
Big Data
Challenges and
Open Issues in
ICN & SDN
Integration
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A. Flexibility
The result of packet process by a middle box will also
modify the set of functions that to be connected on future
packets of the flow. As an example, when DPI receives a
packet, the algorithm of the program could decide the demand
for additional network native functions like interruption
identification, work to be connected on the flow. It’s
additionally possible that functions will scale back and replace
the functions a flow that must undergo. Despite whether or not
a great deal of apriority service functions was determined,
they may be modified the throughout the period of the flow.
The middle boxes should have the choice to make your mind
up the weather of flow themselves and the progressions should
produce good results instantly.
Hence, any significant change to IP would involve
replacing or overhauling the routers used in the network [25].
This inflexibility attached with the absence of application
awareness makes it difficult to optimize for applications
running over the framework [29]. The abstracting of network
functions from the physical infrastructure, and the separation
of control and data planes, should bring more flexibility to
efficiently use radio and computing resources [27].
B. Dynamicity
The advent of Network Functions Visualization will enable
for network local middleboxes to dynamically incorporate
functionality by revolving additional virtual machines on
demand. Since there are more functions running on virtualized
platforms, they can possibly be placed anywhere in the
network rather than using it on only selected predefined nodes.
Therefore, the network should be able to apply these changes
immediately while keeping the communication cost low. And
for the functions which have various instances, the network
should balance the load on the instances to improve
performance [6].
C. Measurability
The measurability needs to be in three dimensions which
are the amount of tasks, the amount of flows and also the size
of the network. Many nodes placed in the network with
different functions to provide additional services. Network
operators need the data flows to go through certain nodes to
reach certain objectives (like attack prevention and user
experience enhancement) by service chaining. With the help
of SDN, network operators can place these functions and
strongly steer data flows without the need for general-purpose
devices for Network Functions Virtualization. A measurable
service chaining solution should not constrain the number of
users, the amount of functions a flow that should navigate, or
the network’s scalability due to the reaction inactivity.
D. Reliability
To increase scalability and reliability, it has been accepted
that the logically centralized controller should be physically
distributed [21]. The caching in big number of nodes in ICNs
has also crucial role in enhancing the performance in terms of
response time and reliability [12][9].
Any solution should be able to dynamically respond to the
nodes and links failures within a threshold. The recovery time
of any failure should be within 10s of milliseconds. [11]
E. Controllability and Manageability
Almost all network activities including resource
registration, asset update, interest matching, asset adaptation,
information plane policy are completely constrained by the
operators. Every operator can easily pick its intra-domain
policies by suitable system condition. Moreover, there is no
any message will trade among region controllers that confirm
to be completely superior controllability and manageability of
root controller [1] [11].
F. Extended Name-Based Control
To achieve ICN objectives the mobile devices should be
dynamically managed end-to-end across heterogeneous
objects, networking architectures, and transmission
technologies. Therefore, not only data packets should be
identified, it should also identify network devices and network
topology [10].
G. QoS
One of the important issues of SD-ICN is Quality of
Service (QoS). For any technology that manages data traffic it
needs to reduce three parameters: packet loss, latency and
jitter of the network [11]. QoS control and manage network
resources by setting the priorities of network’s data [11].
Currently, there are three models to implement QoS in a
network: First, the best effort is when all types of packets have
the same priority and this is applied when the network is not
been configured. Second model is the Integrated Services
(IntServ) that reserves the band to be used in a specific path of
the network. Lastly, Differenced Services (DiffServ)
configures services that contain multiple classes with different
methods and the network will be divided based on the
requirements. The QoS parameters can be used to measure
quantitatively. Therefore, in the context of SD-ICN, QoS
deserves more attention on exploiting how QoS can be
improved.
H. Scalability
In SDN-ICN, scalability is an important factor. Both of
them are facing this issue in particular. Numbers of the
content are quite different than the number of devices. To
establish the data path using content names, a great number
will be exceeding the capacity of the forwarding table. In the
control planning ICN and SDN both require more capabilities
to insure good performance even in large scale networks
[1][6].
I. Big Data
To recognize the requirements to develop network
architecture, researcher need to support big data management.
Network layer have been supporting the data process from the
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ICN [9]. For instance, data processing activity in network ICN
could be continued to accept and support provide from SDN to
complete the task with logically centralized controller.
Centralized controller can access, figure out, and also can
operate the process of the network. Moreover, abstract cache
and network efficiency are helped by SDN by user-data
communication and access observation the data from
leveraging analytical methods. On the other hand, network
operations help them to analyze the big data and make a
decision [29].
J. Security
Security is one of the most vital features of wireless
networks, which can be determined to a maximum level.
However, ICN is still facing security problems in some
scenarios like the denial of service (DOS) attacks. These
attacks can threat the authentication, availability, and
confidentiality of the system’s data [17]. For security,
OpenFlow protocol provides optional support for a certificate
exchange between the controller(s) and the switches beside an
encrypted Transport Layer Security (TLS) communication.
But the exact execution and certificate format are still not
specified. Also, for the scenarios with multiple controllers
there is no technique to only grant limited access permissions
to one authorized controller [21]. In addition, integrity and
provenance should be kept for transaction between client-
agent, proxy, and controller for which ICN based techniques
can be applied [18].
III. ICN AND SDN INTEGRATION APPROACHES
Although SDN technology is still facing challenges
regarding its scalability, resilience, and security; but it enables
the developers to solve some longstanding problems of
networking and also create new applications. On the other
hand, ICN technology can efficiently manage the content
delivery. The integration of these two technologies can form
the design for future Internet [9] which uses the advantages of
SDN in flexible programmability and efficient manageability
and ICN’s efficient content delivery. Figure 4 shows a
proposed architecture of ICN over SDN by [30].
There is a large number of research works proposing
different solutions to integrate ICN and SDN. These
researches are separately addressing different network related
issues and tackling different networking problems and
benefiting. In this context, research communities started with
the architecture of the integrated SDN and ICN (SD-ICN)
[6][16][2][7]. There are also other researches focusing on
certine aspects of this integration such as: mobility [16], cache
management [24][12][4], Big Data [29], cloud computing
[18], 5G Wireless Networking related issues [11], and
Internet of Things [10]. Table 1 summarizes the different SDN
based ICN approaches with their advantages and drawbacks.
Figure 4. ICN over SDN/OpenFlow architecture [29]
IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STUDY
From these two ideal models, SDN (software defined
networking) and ICN (information centric networking) has got
wide attention by both researches and industrial communities.
The SDN technology can give the developers an incredible
asset to make new applications, resolving issues of different
networking functionalities related to content management. It
faces some challenges, such as extended name based control,
QoS, scalability, big data and artificial intelligence. This leds
to the concept of integrating the existing SDN with ICN to
form future Internet designing is another shape different than
IP-based networking. The ICN in proficient substance
conveyance and software defined networking in formative
programmability and proficient sensibility. They
characteristically have extremely solid complementarily to one
another. SDN based ICN currently a popular technology that
may impact in this world just like other cloud computing was
introduced. We know about this because many people have
done a lot of researches about SDN based ICN in hoping to
make the thing easy for future.
In this paper, rules and guidelines for researchers who
want to explore more on SDN based ICN by analyzing the
critical analysis part were presented. A discussion about the
functionality of software defined networking and information
centric networking was provided. Then, a survey of currently
existing solutions to different aspects of networking was
made. This current development of new technologies will help
network provider and their users and will give better network
services.
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Table 1 summarize the SDN based ICN techniques, advantages, and drawbacks.
Author Year
Technique Evaluation
Method/ Tool
Advantage Drawback
Arumaithurai,
et al. [6]
2010
ICN for flexibility
in SDN
Simulation
-
Focusing on service chaining.
-
Improve the flexibility,
scalability for network
management
Capable switches only
maintain rules on a per
available instance of a
function
Veltri, et al.
[16]
2012
Supporting ICN
functionality in
SDN
OpenFlow
installation
-
Allowing the forwarding
based on a forwarding-by-
name strategy
- implementing the
OpenFlow extensions
does not support packet
match based on IP options
fields
G. Wang, et al.
[29]
2012
SDN based Big
data
Hadoop to
discuss the
integrated
network control
architecture, job
scheduling,
topology and
routing
configuration
mechanisms
Improve application
performance with relatively
small configuration overhead.
run-time routing
configuration for big data
jobs over a dynamic network
topology requires rapid and
frequent flow table updates
over a potentially large
number of switches.
Raghavan, et
al. [25]
2012
Software-Defined
Internet
Architecture.
- It would ease the adoption of
assorted new web
architectures and blur the
excellence between
architectures and services.
-
Router vendors must invest
in ASIC support for new
features before they can be
widely used;
-
Domains face significant
deployment costs in adopting
a new design.
Syrivelis &
Parisis [2]
2012
Pursuing SDN
ICN
Blackadder
Prototype
Implementing
forwarding functions based
on incoming unknown flow
labels
The used testbed is not
enough to assess
the scalability of the
proposed system
Salsano, et al.
[7]
2013
ICN over SDN off-the-shelf
OpenFlow
equipment
support ICN functionality
over a large scale SDN
It is not practical to perform
matching over ICN names of
variable length.
Ravindran, et
al. [18]
2013
Cloud computing
in SDN based ICN
Simulation using
NDN-SIM
Enable several edge-cloud
services such as enterprise
applications, big data
analytic, or M2M/IoT
services
under
constrained link capacity,
the queuing delay in the
network
increases causing an
increase in the convergence
time
Lv, et al. [14] 2013
RISC-ICN routing
mechanism
incorporating
SDN
Numerical
analysis &
experiments
implementation
using C++
proposed a community
division scheme based on
maximal tree in order to help
retrieve the content
conveniently and effectively
Not scalable enough and
mobility is not considered
Adrichem, et
al. [20]
2013
Software-Defined
Named Data
Networking
CCNx Network Capabilities to use the
advantages of NDN of
intermediate caches,
distinctive flows of content.
An open supply software
package implementation of a
Named Data Networking
primarily based forwarding
theme in OpenFlow-
controlled SDN.
Vahlenkamp,
et al. [19]
2013
ICN based SDN
in IP networking
- Ease of deployment in
existing IP networks, not
requiring additional
Changing of ICN
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transport protocols or
extensions to the IP protocol
and separation of the ICN data
and control plane
Chanda, et al.
[3]
2013 SDN based ICN in
Traffic engineering
Numerical
analysis
The ability to access content
metadata transparently
enables metadata driven
services in associate ICN
leading to higher utilization of
network resources.
focus only on content sent
over HTTP
Chowdhury, et
al. [28]
2014 SDN based
Framework
PayLess
framework
Openflow help better statistics
collection,
- High messaging overhead
Nunes, et al.
[21]
2014 Programmable
networks
(Survey) Presented current SDN
implementations and testing
platforms, and network
services and applications
developed based on the SDN
paradigm.
-
Luo, et al. [15] 2014 ICN and SDN in
CoLor
Numerical
analysis for flow
setup delay,
number of flow
entries, and
number of flow
setup requests/sec
CoLoR’s characteristics make
efficient integration of ICN
and SDN with less flow setup
requests, shorter flow setup
delay, and
significantly less flow entries
for a switch to store.
-
The forwarding entries are
configured based on Path
Identifiers only except for
elephant flows which
consider Service Identifier as
well
-
the content source should
wait for the forwarding rules
from the Network Controller
Wang, et al.
[23]
2014
An Interoperable
Deployment
Framework for
SDN and ICN
- Supported OVS for ICN
architectures.
ICN architectures are
projected to deal with the
prevailing issues of the web.
Yang, et al.
[26]
2015
ICN meet C-RAN
for HetNets
Tested using a
large-scale
wireless
innovation
campus network
-
reduce the burden of
controllers, and integrate the
wired and wireless sides of
SDN seamlessly
-
easier to set up better
broadcasting/multicasting
and in-network caching
mechanisms
-
Scalability
-
the pico and D2D tiers are far
from the fully loaded state
when the
-
micro tier comes to the
critical steady state.
Liang, Yu, &
Zhang [11]
2015 5G Wireless
Networking in
ICN
Simulation
based on a
heterogeneous
network
Considerably improve end-to
end networking performance.
admission control is not
considered the interfaces
between in-network caching
and virtualization controllers
should be studied
Mougy, et al.
[10]
2015
SDN based
architectures in
IOT
- Flexibility of the resources
and adaptation of network
functionality.
Network scalability is not
studied
Security and privacy issues
that may not be easy to solve
due to the limited capabilities
of some nodes
Shailendra, et
al. [22]
2015
Overlay
Architecture for
ICN
- O-ICN can be deployed over
the current Internet and can
operate both
at ICN and non-ICN/legacy
network without much
Detailed analysis is not
deployed as the architecture
is not fully implemented.
Issues like scalability,
caching,
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modifications. multicasting, and security are
not tested
Vassilakis &
Alzahrani [27]
2016
Toward ICN
Cellular SDN
NS3-based
simulator
address the problems of
mobility management, multi-
RAT coordination, and
efficient content routing
Traffic reduction also
greatly depends on the cache
hit ratio,
Wang, et al.
[24]
2016
An Optimal Cache
Management
Framework for
ICN with Network
Coding
Numerical
analysis
minimize the network
bandwidth cost and cache
cost by jointly considering
caching strategy and content
routing with LNC
a tradeoff between the
network performance and
computational complexity
Eum, Jibiki &
Murata [13]
2017
Inside SDN
framework ICN
architecture
Numerical
analysis for delay
and collision
probabilities
Introduced forwarding
identifier that enhances the
matching capability
of an openflow switch
use ICN as a core transport
network to provide a caching
infrastructure which limits
the full potential of ICN
within the core transport
network
Zhang, et al.
[9]
2018
SDN meet ICN (Survey) analyze the points of SD-ICN
strengths and opportunities,
discuss the SDN enablers for
deploying ICN architecture
No detailed analysis of the
technology since the model is
not fully developed
Al-Turjman
[12]
2018
Fog based caching,
SDN based ICN
Numerical
analysis and
simulation using
NS3
Studied the availability of
sensed information and energy
consumption with Mobile
nodes
Replacement provides vital
availableness for the
foremost valuable and tough
to sense information
Siracusano, et
al. [5]
2018
ICN over SDN
Mininet emulator Publically provide the open
source and monitoring suite
Functionality
Din, et al. [17] 2018
ICN-based
VANET
(Survey) Considered a dynamic
topology (i.e. VANET)
No detailed analysis of the
technology since the model is
not fully developed
Gao, Zeng &
Luo [1]
2018
Scalable based
area hierarchical
control plane
OMNET++ Achieve good awareness of
network resources and
content resources
It faces scalability problem in
control plane
Badshah &
Nadir Shah [4]
2019 Deploy cache
servers
Deploy multiple cache servers
supported joint improvement
Transfers huge information
from one node to different
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