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Copyright©2023, Published By Jurnal Kimia Valensi
JURNAL KIMIA VALENSI
p-ISSN: 2460-6065; e-ISSN: 2548-3013
Journal homepage: https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/valensi
Research Article
Sesquiterpenoids from the stem bark of Aglaia pachyphylla Miq (Meliaceae) and
cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 Cancer Cell Line
Wahyu Safriansyah1, Fajar Fauzi Abdullah1, Endang Juliansyah1, Kindi Farabi1,2, Harizon3, Hadi
Kuncoro4, Nurlelasari1, Rani Maharani1,2, Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib5, Unang
Supratman1,2 and Desi Harneti1*
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran,
Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
2Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
3Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Jambi, Mendalo Indah, Jambi 36361, Indonesia
4Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarwan University, Samarinda, 75119, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
5School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Email: desi.harneti@unpad.ac.id
Article Info
Abstract
Received: June 11, 2023
Revised: June 17, 2023
Accepted: Sept 27, 2023
Online: November 30, 2023
Sesquiterpenoids are terpenoid-derived compounds formed from three isoprene units
with diverse pharmacological activities. Sesquiterpenoids can be obtained from higher
plants, such as the genus Aglaia from the Meliaceae family. This study aims to isolate
and characterize the structure of sesquiterpenoidsfrom the n-hexane extract of Aglaia
pachyphylla Miq stem bark and to determine their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7
breast cancer cells. The n-hexane extract was separated and purified by various
chromatography techniques such as vacuum liquid chromatography, normal-phase
chromatography, and reversed-phase chromatography to obtain three sesquiterpenoids.
The chemical structures of sesquiterpenoids were identified by various spectroscopic
analyses such as IR, MS, 1D-NMR, and 2D-NMR and compared with previously
reported spectrum data. Three sesquiterpenoids were identified as β-caryophyllene oxide
(1), 1β-Hydroxy-4(15),5-eudesmadiene (2), and spathulenol (3). The three compounds
were tested against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the PrestoBlue method. Compound
2 showed the highest cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 262,25 µM.
Keywords: Aglaia pachyphylla, cytotoxic activity, MCF-7, sesquiterpenoid.
Citation:
afriansyah, W., Abdullah, F.
F., Juliansyah, E., Farabi, K.,
Harizon, Kuncoro, H.,
Nurlelasari, Maharani, R.,
Taib, M. N. A. M.,
Supratman, U., & Harneti, D.
(2023). Sesquiterpenoids
from the stem bark of Aglaia
pachyphylla Miq (Meliaceae)
and cytotoxic activity against
MCF-7 Cancer Cell Line.
Jurnal Kimia Valensi, 9(2),
300-305.
Doi:
10.15408/jkv.v9i2.32782
1. INTRODUCTION
Meliaceae is a family of plants in the
Sapindales order, consisting of trees and shrubs
with pinnate leaves that are widely distributed from
Southeast Asia to South America 1. Ethnobotanical
studies show all parts of plants from the meliaceae
family including stem barks, roots, and leaves are
often used as traditional medicine to treat wounds,
constipation, dysentery, rheumatism, viral
respiratory diseases, and skin diseases 2–6. Plants
from this family have also been scientifically
proven for their pharmacological activities such as
antiplasmodial, insecticidal, antioxidant,
anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory
with diverse chemical constituents 7–9. Terpenoids
and limonoids are major compounds produced
from this family with cytotoxic activity that has
been widely studied and also includes antiviral,
antiplasmodial, antifeedant, antimicrobial, anti-
inflammatory, and antioxidant 10. Aglaia is the
largest genus of this family, with 65 of the 150
species distributed in Indonesia 11. In addition, the
Aglaia genus is one of the producers of terpenoid
with a percentage of 43%, including
sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid and triterpenoid,
especially sesquiterpenoid isolated from variety of
species such as A. grandis, A. simplicifolia, A.
leucophylla, A. foveolata, A. harmsiana, A.
forbesii, A. silvetris, A. minahassae¸ A. odorata
var. microphyllina, A. perviridis 12–19. Aglaia
Jurnal Kimia Valensi, Vol 9 (2), November 2023, 300-305
Safriansyah et al. | 301
pachyphylla Miq is distributed in Southeast Asia,
including Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, on
the island of Borneo and the forests of Weh Island
20,21. Until now, there has been no research on
isolated compounds and their biological activities
from this species. Therefore, this study described
the structural elucidation of isolated compounds 1-
3 from A. pachyphylla Miq and their cytotoxic
activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
2. RESEARCH METHODS
General Experimental Procedures
Infrared spectra were measured by a
Perkin-Elmer spectrum-100 FT-IR in the plate of
KBr (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). High-
resolution mass spectra were measured by Waters
Q-TOF-HRTOFMS-XEVotm mass spectrometer
(Milford, MA, USA). Meanwhile, the NMR
spectra of 1 and 2 were also recorded by JEOL
JNM-ECZ500R/S1 spectrometer at 500 MHz for
1H and 125 MHz for 13C, whereas 3 was measured
by Bruker Av-500 spectrometer (Bruker,
Karlsruhe, Germany) at 500 MHz for 1H and 125
MHz for 13C, using CDCl3 as a solvent and
tetramethyl silane (TMS) as an internal standard.
Vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and
Column chromatography was carried out on silica
gel 60 (Merck, 70-230 and 230-400 mesh) and
octadecyl silane (ODS, Fuji Sylisia Chemical
LTD., Chromatorex® C18 DM1020 M, 100–200
mesh). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was
performed using silica gel 60 GF254 (Merck) and
RP-18 F254s plates (Merck) with a variety of solvent
systems. Detection of the TLC plate was monitored
under UV light at 254 and 365 nm before spraying
with 10 % H2SO4 in ethanol.
Plant Materials
The stem bark of A. pachyphylla Miq was
collected from Forest Areas with Special Purposes,
Samboja Research Forest, Kutai Kartanegara, East
Kalimantan, Indonesia, in December 2020. The
plant was determined at the Herbarium Wanariset
(WAN), Balikpapan (collection No. FF 11.20), and
stored at the Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman
University.
Extraction and Isolation
A 4.8 kg stem bark of A. pachyphylla Miq
was constantly macerated using ethanol 70%,
filtered and concentrated under vacuum to remove
the solvent to give concentrated ethanol extract
(685 g). The ethanol extract was suspended in
water: ethanol (1:1), extracted successively with n-
hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol. The
n-hexane soluble fraction (26 g) was fractionated
by VLC using 10% gradient eluent system of n-
hexane: EtOAc (100:0 – 0:100) and EtOAc: MeOH
(100:0 – 80:20) on silica gel to give nine fractions
(A-I). Combined according to TLC results, fraction
B (5.1 g) was subjected to column chromatography
(CC) silica gel (70-230 mesh) with 10% gradient of
n-hexane: CH2Cl2 gained five subfractions (B1-
B5). Subfraction B3 (458.3 mg) was
chromatographed on a column of silica gel, eluting
with n-hexane: EtOAc (20:1) to obtain nine
subfractions (B3a-B3i). Then B3a and B3i were
recrystallization with MeOH to give compounds 1
(8.4 mg) and 2 (20.1 mg). Meanwhile, subfraction
B4 was purified on a silica gel column,eluting with
n-hexane: EtOAc (15:1) obtained B4a-B4c. B4b
(30.5 mg) was separated on the C-18 column and
eluted using 8:2 of MeOH : water to yield
compound 3 (5.8 mg).
β-Caryophyllene oxide (1). Colorless oil,
IR (KBr plate) νmax cm-1: 2927; 1743; 1460; 1381;
1167 cm-1; 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): δH 1.75
(1H, t, 9.5, H-1), 1.65 (1H, m, H-2a), 1.60 (1H, m,
H-2b), 2.05 (1H, m, H-3a), 2.09 (1H, m, H-3b),
2.87 (1H, dd, 5.0 Hz, 11.0 Hz, H-5), 2.08 (1H, m,
H-6a), 2.12 (1H, m, H-6b), 2.21 (1H, m, H-7a),
2.28 (1H, m, H-7b), 2.60 (1H, q, 10.0, H-9), 1.68
(1H, m, H-10a), 1.59 (1H, m, H-10b), 1.19 (3H, s,
CH3-12), 4.96 (1H, s, H-13a), 4.83 (1H, s, H-13b),
0.99 (3H, s, CH3-14), 0.97 (3H, s, CH3-15); 13C-
NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz), see Table 1; HR-TOF
MS (positive ion mode) m/z 221.1905 [M+H]+
(calculated for C15H25O, m/z 221.1905).
1β-Hydroxy-4(15),5-eudesmadiene (2).
Pale yellow oil, IR (KBr plate) νmax cm-1: 3400;
2931; 1712; 1463; 1379; 1041 cm-1; 1H-NMR
(CDCl3, 500 MHz): δH 3.43 (1H, dd, 11.0, 4.0 Hz,
H-1), 1.82 (1H, m, H-2a), 1.67 (1H, m, H-2b), 2.17
(1H, m, H-3a), 2.35 (1H, m, H-3b), 5.54 (1H, s, H-
6), 2.01 (1H, m, H-7a), 1.60 (1H, m, H-8a), 1.33
(1H, m, H-8b), 1.34 (1H, m, H-9a), 1.89 (1H, m,
H-9b), 1.63 (1H, m, H-11), 0.91 (3H, d, 7.0 Hz,
CH3-12), 0.89 (3H, d, 6.6 Hz, CH3-13), 0.91 (3H,
s, CH3-14), 4.61 (1H, t, 2.0 Hz, H-15a), 4.79 (1H,
t, 2.0 Hz, H-15b); 13C-NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz),
see Table 1; HR-TOF MS (positive ion mode) m/z
243.1729 [M+Na]+ (calculated for C15H24ONa, m/z
243.1725).
Jurnal Kimia Valensi, Vol 9 (2), November 2023, 300-305
Safriansyah et al. | 302
Table 1. Comparison of 13C-NMR data of compound 1-3 (CDCl3, 125 MHz) and literatures
Carbon
Position
Compounds
1
β-
caryophyllene
oxide *
2
1β-Hydroxy-
4(15),5-
eudesmadiene
**
3
Spathulenol**
*
δC (mult.)
δC (mult.)
δC (mult.)
δC (mult.)
δC (mult.)
δC (mult.)
1
50.7 (d)
50.7 (d)
79.0 (d)
78.9 (d)
53.5 (d)
53.5 (d)
2
27.3 (t)
27.3 (t)
30.2 (t)
30.2 (t)
26.8 (t)
26.8 (t)
3
39.2 (t)
39.2 (t)
32.4 (t)
32.3 (t)
41.8 (t)
41.8 (t)
4
59.9 (s)
59.7 (s)
148.0 (s)
147.9 (s)
81.1 (s)
81.1 (s)
5
63.9 (d)
63.9 (d)
144.3 (s)
144.3 (s)
54.4 (d)
54.5 (d)
6
29.8 (t)
29.8 (t)
126.6 (d)
126.6 (d)
29.9 (d)
29.9 (d)
7
30.3 (t)
30.3 (t)
42.2 (d)
42.2 (d)
27.5 (d)
27.5 (d)
8
151.9 (s)
151.9 (s)
20.9 (t)
20.9 (t)
24.8 (t)
24.8 (t)
9
48.8 (d)
48.8 (d)
35.1 (t)
35.1 (t)
38.9 (t)
38.9 (t)
10
39.8 (t)
39.8 (t)
40.4 (s)
40.4 (s)
153.5 (s)
153.5 (s)
11
34.1 (s)
34.1 (s)
32.2 (d)
32.1 (d)
20.4 (s)
20.4 (s)
12
17.1 (q)
17.1 (q)
19.5 (q)
19.5 (q)
16.4 (q)
16.4 (q)
13
112.9 (t)
112.9 (t)
19.1 (q)
19.0 (q)
28.7 (q)
28.7 (q)
14
21.7 (q)
21.7 (q)
17.4 (q)
17.3 (q)
106.3 (t)
106.4 (t)
15
29.9 (q)
29.9 (q)
109.6 (t)
109.5 (t)
26.2 (q)
26.2 (q)
*(CDCl3, 150 MHz); **(CDCl3, 100 MHz); ***(CDCl3, 125 MHz)
Spathulenol (3). Colorless oil, IR (KBr
plate) νmax cm-1: 3388; 2928; 1635; 1454; 1375;
1128 cm-1; 1H-NMR (CDCl3, 500 MHz): 1.30 (1H,
m, H-1), 1.89 (1H, dd, 6.0, 12.0 Hz, H-2a), 1.62
(1H, dd, 6.0, 12.0 Hz, H-2b), 1.75 (1H, m, H-3a),
1.55 (1H, m, H-3b), 1.30 (1H, m, H-5), 0.46 (1H, t,
5.0 Hz, H-6), 0.71 (1H, m, H-7), 1.96 (2H, m, H-
8), 2.42 (1H, dd, 6.0, 13.5 Hz, H-9), 1.03 (3H, s,
CH3-12), 1.05 (3H, s, CH3-13), 4.66 (1H, s, H-14a),
4.69 (1H, s, H-14b), 1.28 (3H, s, CH3-15); 13C-
NMR (CDCl3, 125 MHz), see Table 1; HR-TOF
MS (positive ion mode) m/z 221.1918 [M+H]+
(calculated for C15H25O, m/z 221.1905).
Determination of Cytotoxic Activity
Compounds 1-3 were determined for their
cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 human breast
cancer cells using PrestoBlue cells viability assay
22. The cells were maintained in a Roswell Park
Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium supplemented
with 10% (v/v) Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and 1
μL/mL penicillin type antibiotic (Sigma Aldrich
P4333). Cultures were incubated at 37°C in a
humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. The cells were
seeded in 96-well microliter plates at 1.7 × 104 cells
per well. After 24 h, compounds 1-3 were
separately added to the wells. After 96 h, cell
viability was determined by measuring the
metabolic conversion of resazurin substrate into
pink fluorescent resorufin product resulting from
reduced viable cells. The PrestoBlue assay results
were read using a multimode reader at 570 nm. IC50
values were taken from the plotted graph of the
percentage of living cells compared to control (%),
receiving DMSO, versus the tested concentration
of compounds (μg/mL). The IC50 values mean
concentration required for 50% growth inhibition.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The ethanolic extract from the dried stem
bark of A. pachyphylla Miq was macerated and
extracted consecutively with n-hexane, ethyl
acetate, and n-butanol. The n-hexane extract of A.
pachyphylla Miq was separated by a combination
of normal phase and reversed-phase column
chromatography to give compounds 1-3.
Compound 1 was isolated as a colorless
oil, with a molecular formula C15H24O based on
HR-TOFMS of the positive ion peak m/z 221.1905
[M+H]+ calcd. (221.1905) with four degrees of
unsaturation. IR spectra show absorption bands
that indicate the presence of aliphatic CH sp3 (2927
cm-1), C=C olefinic (1743 cm-1), gem-dimethyl
(1460 and 1381 cm-1), and ether group (1167 cm-1),
The 1H-NMR spectra showed proton resonance
related to three methyl singlets at δH 0.97 (3H, s,
CH3-15), 0.99 (3H, s, CH3-14), and 1.19 (3H, s,
CH3-12). In addition, it was observed at δH 4.83
(1H, s, H-13a) and 4.96 (1H, s, H-13b) as one
olefinic methylene group. Analysis of 13C-NMR
and DEPT 135° spectra of compound 1 shows that
there are 15 carbons consisting of three methyls [δC
Jurnal Kimia Valensi, Vol 9 (2), November 2023, 300-305
Safriansyah et al. | 303
17.1 (C-12), 21.7 (C-14), 29.9 (C-15)], five
methylenes [δC 27.3 (C-2), 29.8 (C-6), 30.3 (C-7),
39.2 (C-3), 39.8 (C-10)], three methines [δC 48.8
(C-9), 50.7 (C-1), 63.9 (C-5)], two quaternary
carbons δC 34.1 (C-11) and 59.9 (C-4), one olefinic
methylene δC 112.9 (C-13) as well as one olefinic
quaternary δC 151.9 (C-8). The 13C-NMR and
DEPT suggested one disubstituted double bond has
been identified as olefinic methylene (C=CH2)
which calculated for one unsaturated degree.
Meanwhile, the three remaining unsaturated
degrees corresponded to the tricyclic
sesquiterpenoid, one cyclic came from epoxide
cyclic it is supported by a typical shift in 1H-NMR
for epoxide ring at δH 2.87 and from 13C-NMR it
can observed from chemical shift at δC 63.9 (C-5)
for methine and 59.9 (C-4) for carbon quaternary,
two unsaturated degrees for two cylices. Based on
analysis 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT 135°,
compound 1 indicate caryophyllene type 13, it is
supported by three methyl singlets δH 0.97 (3H, s,
CH3-15), 0.99 (3H, s, CH3-14), and 1.19 (3H, s,
CH3-12), two methyls δH 0.97 (3H, s, H-15) and
0.99 (3H, s, H-14) as gem-dimethyl suggested at C-
14/C-15 based on biosynthetic of caryophyllene 23.
The comparison of the NMR data of compound 1
with the data for β-caryophyllene oxide isolated
from A. harmsiana 13 was similar. Therefore, the
structure of compound 1 was identified as β-
caryophyllene oxide. Compound 1 was isolated for
the first time from this species.
Compound 2 was isolated as a pale yellow
oil with a molecular formula C15H24O based on
HR-TOFMS of the positive ion peak m/z 243.1729
[M+Na]+ calcd (243.1725) with four degrees of
unsaturation. IR spectra showed absorption bands
that indicate the presence of hydroxyl (3400 cm-1),
aliphatic (C-H sp3) (2931 cm-1), olefinic (C=C)
(1712 cm-1), gem-dimethyl (1463 and 1379 cm-1),
and ether group (C-O) (1041 cm-1). The 1H-NMR
spectra showed proton resonance related to one
tertiary methyl δH 0.91 (3H, s, CH3-14), two
secondary methyls at δH 0.89 (3H, d, J= 7.0 Hz,
CH3-13) and 0.91 (3H, d, J= 7.0 Hz, CH3-12), one
oxymethine at δH 3.43 (1H, dd, J= 4.0, 11.0 Hz, H-
1), one olefinic group at δH 5.54 (1H, s, H-6), and
olefinic methylene group at δH 4.61 (1H, t, J= 2.0,
H-15) and 4.79 (1H, t, J= 2.0, H-15). Analysis of
13C-NMR and DEPT 135° spectra of compound 2
shows that there are 15 carbons consisting of three
methyls [(δC 17.4 (C-14), 19.1 (C-13), 19.5 (C-
12)], four methylenes [(δC 20.9 (C-8), 30.2 (C-2),
32.4 (C-3), 35.1 (C-9)], two aliphatic methines [(δC
32.2 (C-11), 42.2 (C-7)], one oxygenated methine
δC 79.0 (C-1), one aliphatic quaternary carbon [(δC
40.4 (C-10)], two olefinic quaternary carbons [(δC
144.3 (C-5); 148.0 (C-4)], one olefinic methylene
δC 109.6 (C-15) and one olefinic methine δC 126.6
(C-6). Based on 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT
135°, compound 2 has four unsaturated degrees,
two unsaturated degrees from two double bonds
such as terminal olefinic group (C=CH2) and
methine olefinic group (C=CH), two unassigned
hydrogen deficiency indexes corresponded to the
bicyclic sesquiterpenoid structure. Three methyls
and quaternary carbon from compound 2 indicate
the characteristic of eudesmane-type
sesquiterpenoid. It is supported by the existence
one tertiary methyl at δH 0.91 (3H, s, H-14) and one
aliphatic quaternary carbon at (δC 40.4 (C-10), as
well as the evidence of two secondary methyls with
the same value of J coupling constant δH 0.89 (3H,
d, J= 7.0 Hz, H-13) and 0.91 (3H, d, J= 7.0 Hz, H-
12) as an isopropyl group in eudesmane skeleton.
A comparison of the NMR data of compound 2 and
1β-Hydroxy-4(15),5-eudesmadiene isolated from
Artemisia annua 24 showed that the structure of
these two compounds is very similar, consequently,
compound 2 was identified as a 1β-Hydroxy-
4(15),5-eudesmadiene, the compound 2 was the
first time isolated from the Aglaia genus and this
species.
Compound 3 was isolated as a colorless oil, with a
molecular formula C15H24O based on HR-TOFMS
of the positive ion peak m/z 221.1918 [M+H]+
calcd. (221.1905) with four degrees of
unsaturation. IR spectra showed absorption bands
that indicate the presence of hydroxyl (3388 cm-1),
CH sp3 aliphatic (2928 cm-1), C=C olefinic (1635
cm-1), gem-dimethyl (1454 and 1375 cm-1), and
ether group (1128 cm-1). The 1H-NMR spectra
showed proton resonance related to three tertiary
methyls at δH 1.03 (3H, s, CH3-12), 1.05 (3H, s,
CH3-13), and 1.28 (3H, s, CH3-15), olefinic
methylene group at δH 4.66 (1H, t, J= 2.0 Hz, H-
15) and 4.69 (1H, t, J= 2.0 Hz, H-15), and two
methines at δH 0.46 (1H, t, J= 5.0 Hz, H-6) and 0.71
(1H, m, H-7). Analysis of 13C-NMR and DEPT
135° spectra of compound 3 shows that there are
15 carbons consisting of three methyls at δC [16.4
(C-12), 26.2 (C-15), 28.7 (C-13)], one aliphatic
quaternary carbon δC [20.4 (C-11)], four aliphatic
methylenes δC [24.8 (C-8), 26.8 (C-2), 38.9 (C-9),
41.8 (C-3)], four aliphatic methylenes δC [27.5 (C-
7), 29.9 (C-6), 53.5 (C-1), 54.4 (C-5)], one
oxygenated quaternary carbon δC [81.1 (C-4)], one
olefinic methylene δC [106.3 (C-14)], one olefinic
quaternary carbon [153.5 (C-10)]. Based on 1H-
NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT 135°, compound 3 has
four unsaturated degrees. One unsaturated degree
from terminal olefinic group (C=CH2). Meanwhile,
the remaining from tricyclics framework, the
chemical shift from 1H-NMR at δH 0.46 (1H, t, J=
5.0 Hz, H-6) and 0.71 (1H, m, H-7), suggested the
Jurnal Kimia Valensi, Vol 9 (2), November 2023, 300-305
Safriansyah et al. | 304
Figure 1. Structure of compound 1-3
presence of cyclopropane moiety on a
sesquiterpenoid aromadendrane type framework
and it supported by the existence of upfield
quaternary carbon at δC 20.4 (C-11) that verifies the
cyclopropane ring on aromadendrane type 25.
Determination of the structure of compound 3 was
compared with previously isolated
aromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoid compounds
from the Aglaia genus. These aromadendranes
were spathulenol, 4β,10α-
dihydroxyaromadendrane, 4α, 10α-
dihydroxyaromadendrane, ledol, and viridiflorol 11.
The NMR data of spathulenol has similarities with
compound 3, based on a comparison of spectra data
with spathulenol 14. Therefore, compound 3 was
determined as known compound, namely
spathulenol. Compound 3 was isolated for the first
time from this species.
Table 2. Cytotoxicity of compounds 1-3 against MCF-
7 cancer cell line
Compounds
IC50 (µM)
MCF-7
1
>500
2
262.25
3
340.20
Cisplatin (positive
control)
53.0
The results of the cytotoxic activity test of
compounds 1-3 against MCF-7 breast cancer cell
line were summarized in Table 2. Cisplatin (53
µM) was used as a positive control. The evaluation
of compounds 1-3 showed that compound 2 has the
highest activity with an IC50 value of 262.25 µM,
and compound 1 has the lowest cytotoxic activity
value, which is > 500 µM, and is included in the
inactive category. Compound 2 was first
determined for cytotoxic activity, in previous study
by Brown et al., 2003 only showed the structure
elucidation and not reported the cytotoxic activity.
Compounds 1&3 were determined the cytotoxic
activity for the first time from this species.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Three known sesquiterpenoids, one
caryophyllene-type, β-caryophyllene oxide (1),
one eudesmane-type, 1β-Hydroxy-4(15),5-
eudesmadiene (2), and one aromadendrane-type,
spathulenol (3) were isolated from n-hexane extract
of the stem bark of Aglaia pachphylla Miq.
Compound 2 was isolated for the first time from
this genus with the highest cytotoxic activity
against MCF-7 breast cancer cell 262.25 µM.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to Indonesian
Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher
Education for Grant of Pendidikan Magister
menuju Doktor untuk Sarjana Unggul (PMDSU)
2022-2023 (1318/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2022; 12 May
2022) Indonesia, Directorate of Research and
Community Engagement Universitas Padjadjaran
for publication funding, and to Universitas
Padjadjaran for supporting with the study facilities.
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