Vishal Sorathiya

Parul Universiy · Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering

A quad-port Multiple Input Multiple Output Antenna with high isolation is presented in this paper. The MIMO design is intended to receive Ultra-Wide Band response to target various wireless applications. The engineered model has 40 x 40 × 1.6 mm3 electrical dimensions. A single antenna achieves size compactness due to an appropriate inclusion of ve...

A circularly polarized (CP) antenna with ultra-wideband resonance and a broad axial ratio bandwidth is designed for UWB communication systems. The prescribed design comprises of a modified annular ring-shaped radiator and a modified step-graded slots loaded partial ground plane. The projected antenna is prototyped on FR4 substrate of 35 × 30 × 1.6...

We presented the numerical investigation of the multilayered structure formed with Tungsten-MgF2-SiO2-MXene-Au. This study presents several solar absorber materials that exploit their unique properties for efficient absorption and polarization over an extensive terahertz frequency range (100–2500 THz). The numerical investigation shows the effect o...

The 4-Port multiband operated MIMO antenna operating at 4GHz, 6GHz and 9GHz is proposed to target the 5G and P2P communication applications. The electrical size of the 4-Port antenna structure is 0.8λ x 0.48λ. The unique shape of a single radiating patch element is identified by engraving a circular shape patch element and modifying the shape of th...

We presented the numerical investigation of a multilayered borophne-metal-Si-based refractive index sensor for the wide range of the THz frequency. The proposed structure is worked for the frequency range of 1 to 15 THz. The structure is formed to identify reflectance variation, resonating frequency and other physical parameters over the broad freq...

Among the most hazardous heavy metals, cadmium can be found in various environmental compartments. Cadmium pollutants are ubiquitous in soil, surface water, groundwater, plants, vegetables, and the atmosphere. The focus of this research was specifically on cadmium pollution in wastewater. When present at high concentrations, cadmium can lead to a r...

Modern web application development involves handling enormous amounts of sensitive and consequential data. Security is, therefore, a crucial component of developing web applications. A web application's security is concerned with safeguarding the data it processes. The web application framework must have safeguards to stop and find application vuln...

We have designed a multilayered solar absorber composed of several materials, including tungsten, magnesium fluoride, MXene, silicon, and silver. The structural frame is composed of a resonator constructed from silver (Ag) in the form of Jerusalem. The absorption results are compared with the traditional AM 1.5 data, and the finite element method c...

Shadow extraction and elimination is essential for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in vehicle tracking application. The shadow is the source of error for vehicle detection, which causes misclassification of vehicles and a high false alarm rate in the research of vehicle counting, vehicle detection, vehicle tracking, and classification. Mos...

Using ring resonator structure, we have presented a structure of the six-element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna structure. The proposed structure is numerically investigated and experimentally verified for antenna performance in the 1 to 25 GHz wideband frequency range. We have designed and verified the five antenna structure types,...

A four-port MIMO antenna with high isolation is presented. The antenna is primarily envisioned to cover the n48 band of Frequency Range-1 (FR-1) with TDD duplex mode. The engineered antenna has electrical dimensions of 90 × 90 × 1.57 mm3. The size miniaturization of a single antenna unit is achieved through an optimized placement of slots and exten...

We proposed the numerical studies and machine learning prediction for the multilayered Borophene-GST-silica-Ag-based refractive index sensor for the 1.3–1.5 µm wavelength range. The top layers of the proposed sensor incorporate Ag gratings. The proposed structure utilizes a mode based on surface plasmonic resonance, which has been created using a f...

Investigators are looking at radio frequency ranges that may suit cellular data consumers' growing requirements. Terahertz's ( THz) frequency range is vital for high-speed data communication in wireless gadgets and has indignant the interest of researchers. A novel spiral-shaped patch and diffracted ground-based MIMO antenna structure are presented...

Log-periodic dipole antenna-shaped multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) with multiband operation features employing graphene resonator material operating in the 1–30 THz frequency range was proposed for numerical analysis. The main aim of the proposed MIMO antenna structure is to achieve a future CMOS and communication device-compatible structure. Th...

This paper presents a plasmonic metamaterial sensor utilizing an I-shaped gold resonator. The sensor is simulated using the finite-element method (FEM) to detect gas and liquid (ethanol solutions) in the infrared wavelength range of 0.5–2.5 µm. The sensor structure consists of three layers, with a VO2 substrate sandwiched between a bottom SiO2 subs...

About 60 countries around the world have been found to have the chikungunya virus (ChV). It causes the human body to become fatigued and causes joint pain, muscular soreness, headaches, and joint swelling. As a result, the scientific community puts a lot of effort into creating reliable, quick, highly sensitive, and affordable methodologies for ChV...

Plasmonics has drawn a lot of interest because of its exceptional ability to control the flow of light in metamaterials. Metamaterials and active plasmonic materials allow the mass manufacture of low-cost, high-performance, and effective nanosized optical components for imaging, sensing, and communications. Active materials have been presented as a...

Human tooth functionality is the most important for the human body to become fit and healthy. Due to the disease attacks in human teeth, parts may lead to different fatal diseases. A spectroscopy-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor was simulated and numerically analyzed for the detection of dental disorders in the human body. In this sensor s...

This publication proposes a fabricated multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna geometry of multiple dipole arrays and its numerical findings through simulations. The role that antenna resonators have in antenna performance is explored. The antenna’s characteristics have been studied, such as its return loss, peak gain, bandwidth, polar plot,...

High-tech electromagnetic antennas that can receive and transmit at micro- and millimeter wave frequencies are crucial in the modern era of information. Multimedia broadcasting, wireless and satellite communications, radars, environmental sensing, and even medical equipment use them. Raising the working frequency of existing antennas using the tera...

We report on the results of a numerical investigation into a phase transition material and hafnium (IV) oxide-based refractive index sensor with a wide spectral range, including both the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The sensor relies on hafnium (IV) oxide and a phase transition material (HfO2). Three layered version...

Here, we present the findings of parametric analysis into a phase transition material Ge2Sb2Te5(GST)-based, graphene-based, with a wide dynamic range in the infrared and visible electromagnetic spectrum. The suggested structure is studied in multi-layered configurations, built up with layers of GST, graphene, silicon, and silver materials. These mu...

In this manuscript, we have numerically investigated and experimentally verified the six-element split ring resonator and circular patch-shaped multiple input, multiple output antenna operating in the 1–25 GHz band. MIMO antennas are analyzed in terms of several physical parameters, such as reflectance, gain, directivity, VSWR, and electric field d...

In this article, a 4 × 4 miniaturized UWB-MIMO antenna with reduced isolation is designed and analyzed using a unique methodology known as characteristic mode analysis. To minimize the antenna’s physical size and to improve the isolation, an arrangement of four symmetrical radiating elements is positioned orthogonally. The antenna dimension is 40 m...

Wearable devices with 5G technology are currently more ingrained in our daily lives, and they will now be a part of our bodies too. The requirement for personal health monitoring and preventive disease is increasing due to the predictable dramatic increase in the number of aging people. Technologies with 5G in wearables and healthcare can intensely...

Rectangular strip engraved circular patch and corrugated stub-shaped multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO) antenna designs is numerically investigated, and measurement results are presented in this research for the frequency range of 1 to 25 GHz. It is first numerically investigated to study the various antenna parameters and conduct fabrication o...

The manuscript represents miniaturized two-radiating element-based MIMO antennas for the frequency span of 1 THz to 20 THz. Five MIMO antenna structures are designed and analysed by modifying the shape of radiating elements and ground regions to attain better performance. The proposed structures’ performance is compared in terms of return loss, iso...

This study has clarified the simulation of the nonlinear cross phase modulation (CPM) performance signature in optical fiber telecommunication systems. We have been clarified the max Q factor in relation to Cross phase shift modulation for the previous models and proposed model. The optimum optical power varied with spectral time and wavelength var...

We proposed the numerical investigation of Hilbert-shaped multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) with multi-band operation characteristics using graphene resonator material, which operates on the band of 1 to 30 THz of the frequency range. This numerical investigation of antenna structure was carried out for the multiple antenna types, consisting of gr...

Different mode operations based all optical fiber amplifiers with optical differential polarization quadrature phase shift keying transmitter Abstract: This paper simulated the different mode operations based all optical fiber amplifiers with optical differential polarization quadrature phase shift keying transmitter. Gain mode operation, power mod...

The study has outlined grating index difference (GID) and grating order based distributed feedback laser effects on coarse wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber systems. Signal amplitude level (SPL), noise signal level are measured accurately based on various grating order of distributed feedback laser. Max. signal power (MSP), noise signa...

In this manuscript, we proposed the split ring resonator loaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for the frequency range of 1 and 25 GHz. The proposed antenna is numerically investigated and fabricated to analyze the different antenna parameters. We provided statistics on a wide range of antenna parameters for five different des...

This paper proposes a tunable graphene-silica-assisted squared pixel array-shaped polarizer construction for the infrared frequency range. A silica and pixel graphene array layered structure was used to create the tunable polarizer. The polarizer behavior of the structure is studied over the 1–15 THz of infrared frequency. Single-layer graphene she...

We present the numerical investigation of the phase change material and MXene-based wide range refractive index sensor for the visible and infrared spectrum. The proposed structure is investigated in three layered structures, consisting of layers of Ge2Sb2Te5, Ti3C2TX, silica, and silver materials. We have presented the reflectance response of thes...

In this paper, a biosensor based on a Y-shape gold resonator metamaterial structure is simulated to detect biomaterials, such as hemoglobin and urine, using Ge–Sb–Te (GST) as a phase changing material in the infrared wavelength range from 1.2 µm to 1.7 µm. Here, the Y-shaped resonator is placed on top of the GST layer. Simulation results shows that...

Today, basal cancer cells is one of the most frequent diseases on the planet, which is global concern for human health. In order to maximize the success of treatment, early detection is a vital prerequisite. So, a rapid and sensitive detection of cancerous basal cells is a necessary topic. In this paper, a photodetector based on SPR nanostructure c...

The presented manuscript represents the superlative 1 × 2 MIMO antenna structure. Eight designs were analyzed by the patch elements' varying shapes and inserting the slits in the ground regions. The overall dimensions of the structure are 50 × 39 × 1.6 (mm³). The low-profile substrate FR4 is used for the fabrication, and the reflectance response of...

We proposed the narrow band graphene metamaterial-based infrared tunable 4-split ring-shaped absorber, it can be fabricated by the chemical vapor deposition method, using Finite Element Method simulations. The proposed design is numerically investigated for the wavelength range 1.2 µm to 1.6 µm and 99.5% of the absorption response was shown. A wide...

We designed a phase change material-based biosensor that has been investigated for infrared range from 75 THz to 600 THz using the finite element method. The proposed structure is designed for different alloy combinations of Germanium Antimony Telluride by using different refractive indices of hemoglobin and urine. A comparison for absorption respo...

Usage for mobile devices will climb to 24 GB in 2025. This increase will strain the networks. It is reported in a research report that THz (Terahertz) networks' ability to provide many terabits per second (Tbps) of capacity would be a possible solution to provide the predicted bandwidth bottleneck. Though this new technology is still in its early s...

We present the comparative analysis of tunable graphene-based metasurface polarizer structure THz frequency range. These polarizer structures have been numerically investigated over the 10 THz to 25 THz frequency range. Reflectance co-efficient, phase variation, and phase difference parameters have been investigated to identify the behavior of pola...

Abstract A gold-plated D-formed photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been facilitated for ultrahigh sensitive applications using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approach. Gold layer has been chosen as the plasmonic material to avoid oxidizing trouble which is located at the smooth surface of PCF to ensure formation simplicity. The proposed D-SPR PCF is...

A gold-plated D-formed photonic crystal fber (PCF) has been facilitated for ultrahigh sensitive applications using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approach. Gold layer has been chosen as the plasmonic material to avoid oxidizing trouble which is located at the smooth surface of PCF to ensure formation simplicity. The proposed D-SPR PCF is compete...

The mathematical and numerical analysis of the Graphene infrared tunable frequency selective surface (FSS) for far-infrared spectrum has been clarified. The proposed FSS shows different properties of transmittance, reflectance, polarization variation for the different range of fermi voltage which can be tuned by external biasing. Angular changes in...

Wireless data transmission has surged at an exponential rate and researchers are now looking at radio frequency bands that can accommodate these ever-increasing needs of cellular data users. Wireless infrastructure must be developed and utilized to meet the growing capacity and connectivity requirements. To fulfil the requirement of high-speed data...

This study clarifies the data error rates optimization for OFC/OWC channels based on different transmission codes. These codes that are namely multi bits/symbol digital pulse interval modulation (DPIM), multi bits/symbol pulse position modulation (PPM), nonreturn to zero inverted (NRZI), 4 bit data symbol/5 bit code (4B5B), and Manchester for upgra...

This paper aims to simulate performance efficiency of carrier suppressed non return to zero line coding based FSO transceiver systems under light rain conditions with amplification units at 40 Gbps. The max. Q , BER and total optical power are simulated and demonstrated after FSO channel and PIN Photodetector Receiver under light rain weather condi...

The study clarified spatial single mode laser interaction with measured pulse based parabolic index multimode fiber. Peak power level margin, maximum/minimum signal amplitude margin after parabolic index multimode fiber are measured with core radius of 25 µm, cladding thickness of 10 µm, refractive index peak of 1.4142, length of 300 m, and refract...

We introduce a novel method to actualize the adapter for nanofocusing of single-mode fiber to photonic crystal. The nanofo-cusing of 250 nm from the 9 µm fiber source is achieved. The staircase structure of 2 µm × 0.5 µm size is used to achieve this nanofocusing. We used 10 symmetric staircase slits of each size to achieve a tapered staircase struc...

The aim and scope of the paper is to simulate the signal propagation parameters estimation through designed multi-layer fibre with higher dominant modes by using OptiFibre simulation software. The multi-layer fibre profile has a length of 1000 m is designed and clarified with six layers. RI difference profile variations are clarified with radial di...

The research article represents the graphene-metal composition based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with dual-core to cover applications of low refractive sensors. The outer side of PCF structure plasmonic material silver (Ag) is placed and the oxidation layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2) is placed on the up...

We proposed cross-shaped gold metasurface-based ultrawideband solar absorber. The wideband absorber is formed by the three-layer structure of Tungston, MgF2, and gold material. The behaviour of the absorber is investigated numerically for the solar wavelength range of 0.25–3 µm wavelength range. The absorption values of the proposed structure are c...

In this work, an ultra-wideband graphene-based micro-sized circular patch-shaped Yagi-like MIMO antenna was investigated over 1–30 THz of the frequency spectrum. The proposed antenna structure was designed over a polyimide substrate with 620 × 800 µm2. This antenna was radiated over three bands over 1–30 THz. The maximum bandwidth achieved 10.96 TH...

We have presented the borophene based refractive index sensor for the infrared frequency spectrum of 188 to 250 THz (1.2–1.6 µm) range. The proposed structure was formed by using the Silver-borophene-silica-Ag layered structure. The behaviour of the different analyte (with a different refractive index) material is numerically calculated by placing...

This article proposes multi-layered graphene, silica, and cross patterned gold stack structure-based polarizers. This structure is numerically investigated over the frequency range of 1–15 THz. The behaviour of the polarizer structure is numerically investigated in terms of various structural parameters such as phase variation, reflectance, transmi...

There are a vast variety of crops, land characteristics, fertilizers, and thereby different ranges and extents of the diseases, which need an ensemble method to detect and cure these crop diseases. The research fraternity is striving more to get a better solution for curing the crop disease which will thereby increase the yield of the crop producti...

The proposed work represents a simple and effective approach to achieve frequency tunability. The tunability is attained by the switching mechanism of the two PIN diodes. The biasing issue is reduced due to the usage of two PIN diodes. Simulation is carried by a high‐frequency structure simulator tool and compared with the fabricated structure for...

The tunable graphene-based short band absorber has been numerically examined in this article. The absorption response of the proposed design has been analyzed with the variations of chemical potential, the radius of the resonator, width of the resonator, height of silver (Ag) resonator and the height of silica substrate. The proposed structure prov...

A novel structure of microstrip patch antenna is presented for high gain enhancement and broadband wireless applications. The manuscript describes a comparative analysis of the patch antenna with the multiple split-ring resonators loaded patch antenna. The design performance was examined using different parameters like return loss, frequency resona...

This paper proposes the tunable graphene-assisted polarizer structure which is working on the infrared frequency range. The tunable polarizer has been designed by a three-layered structure of silica, graphene, and gold. The polarizer behavior of the structure is analyzed for the frequency range of 3 to 12 THz. The tunability of the structure is ana...

In this article, we propose different Hilbert shape-based tunable and multiband polarizers for the lower-terahertz frequency range. The tunability of this structure is achieved using a single-layer graphene sheet placed between the Hilbert resonator and silica substrate. The tunability of the graphene is further controlled using external biasing co...

In this manuscript, patch-shaped graphene metasurface polarizer has been numerically investigated for the far-infrared frequency spectrum. We have identified the resonance response of the proposed polarizer by changing the physical dimensions of the proposed polarizer. The proposed polarizer structure has been investigated for the 1-20 THz of the f...

The proposed manuscript represents the easy and analytical approach for designing a tun-able multi-band Graphene-based absorber. The crossed-shaped resonators are used in the presented manuscript in near-infrared wavelengths over the wavelength of 1400 nm to 1700 nm. Four modes are included based upon the position of resonators for the reflec-tance...

p>This study clarified an overview of wired and wireless optical communication system block diagram with practical applications. Freespace optical (FSO) communication is a trending field that is rising so fast to replace electromagnetic waves in a communication, so we have presented a theoretical circuit as an example and modified it to fit and wor...

p>The paper has demonstrated the first order surface grating fiber coupler under the period chirp and apodization functions variations effects. The Fiber coupler transmittivity/reflectivity, the fiber coupler grating index change and the fiber coupler mesh transmission cross-section are clarified against the grating length with the quadratic/cubic...

Effective role of optical duobinary transmitter with optical coherent quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) receiver based on light amplifiers measured is stimulated by using optisystem simulation software version 13. Signal, noise power levels are stimulated after long haul fiber optic range up to 350 km distance. Measured light amplifiers, optica...

We propose the tunable polarizer structure using graphene and gold resonator array-based geometry. The proposed structure is investigated numerically from 1 to 7 THz range of frequency. For the different Fermi energy values of the graphene sheet, the graphene-based polarizer is tunable. The Fermi energy of the graphene is ultimately controlled by t...

The popularity of the internet has increased the use of e-commerce websites and news channels. Fake news has been around for many years, and with the arrival of social media and modern-day news at its peak, easy access to e-platform and exponential growth of the knowledge available on social media networks has made it intricate to differentiate bet...

Terahertz technology has grown in popularity in recent years due to the rapid development of wireless communication applications. To begin, the evolution of Terahertz antennas is briefly studied, and the fundamental concepts of THz antennas are employed. THz antennas are then classified as dielectric antennas, metallic antennas, recent novel materi...

Graphene-based Terahertz devices have attracted huge attention because of their ultrathin design and tunable property. The graphene-based polarizer can be formed using a single or multilayer of graphene sheet over the dielectric substrate. The different shapes and size of the engraved graphene geometry make possible to design different band and dif...

We present the comparative analysis of tunable graphene-based metasurface polarizer structure THz frequency range. This polarizer structures have been numerically investigated over the 10 THz to 25 THz of the frequency range. Reflectance co-efficient, phase variation, and phase difference parameters have been investigated to identify the behavior o...

A comparative study of different highly efficient broadband solar absorbers based on gold resonators is presented. We compare the absorption parameters for cylindrical, hollow cylindrical, pyramid, and sawtooth-shaped gold resonator structures over a wide input incident range at solar frequencies from 100 to 1200 THz (250 to 3000 nm). The performan...

This article has indicated optical coherent differential polarization (DP) 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) transceiver systems with free-space optical (FSO) channel in the presence of differential coding scheme. The optical coherent DP 16-QAM receiver executes the reverse process conversion of the optical signal into an electrical one that...

A micro-scaled printed log periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna is proposed for terahertz (THz) applications. The proposed low profile graphene conductor based LPDA antenna is designed with integrated protudent dipoles to realize super wide bandwidth and high gain characteristics. The suggested THz antenna is designed on a 10 µm thick Rogers RT / D...

This paper proposes the tunable graphene-assisted polarizer structure which is working on the infrared frequency range. The tunable polarizer has been designed by a three-layered structure of silica, graphene, and gold. The polarizer behavior of the structure is analyzed for the frequency range of 3 to 12 THz. The tunability of the structure is ana...