Varun Malhotra

All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal | AIIMS · Department of Physiology

Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a widespread cause of chronic liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis to severe conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. Despite its similarity to alcohol-induced liver damage, NAFLD affects individuals with no significant alcohol consumption. This stu...

The existing research on Indian classical music therapy faces several challenges that need attention for the field’s growth and credibility. Most studies rely on anecdotal evidence rather than rigorous scientific methodology, necessitating more controlled trials and longitudinal research. The rich diversity of ragas and talas in Indian classical mu...

Background Yoga practice has multiple health benefits. Surya Namaskar (SN) also known as sun salutation presents mental and physical health benefits equivalent to physical exercise. It consists of a sequence of 12 Hatha yoga postures with coordinated breathing. Aims This study evaluated the effect of SN against mild intensity stationary cycling ex...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Brainwave entrainment (BWE) is a method that uses external stimuli, such as sounds, lights, or vibrations at specific frequencies , to guide the brain into specific brainwave patterns and states of consciousness. BWE has gained importance in reducing stress, anxiety and restoring sleep.

A BSTRACT Background Sun salutation ( Surya namaskar ) is an ancient yogic exercise, which is a combination of 12 different postures rhythmically. Yoga practitioners perform this procedure in a slow as well as fast pace manner. Aim We undertook this study to find out the immediate changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and brain waves spectrum a...

Introduction: The aging process and the pandemic have significantly affected the elderly population, resulting in a wide range of physiological and psychological changes. These changes have created a significant burden for the nation as the elderly is often overlooked. In response to this, the Government of India and AIIMS Bhopal developed a yoga-m...

The research compiled here suggest that yoga could aid at different phases of the disease and its treatment to enhance quality of life, lessen fatigue, boost activity and fitness levels, improve sleep quality, increase appetite, and lessen worry. yoga, meditation, may be able to benefit increase tolerance to pain, endure side effects of cancer ther...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly people have been more prone to depression, anxiety and stress. During these trying times, they require more attention and support for their mental health. This cross-sectional study was performed with the duration of 06 months from March 2021 to August 2021 in AIIMS, Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh, in ce...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly people have been more prone to depression, anxiety and stress. During these trying times, they require more attention and support for their mental health. This cross-sectional study was performed with the duration of 06 months from March 2021 to August 2021 in AIIMS, Bhopal in the state of Madhya Pradesh, in ce...

Background: Stationary cycling is the popular, preferred, and convenient form of exercise. During exercise, autonomic modulation is seen which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in HRV during mild‐intensity cycling exercise. Materials and Methods: An observational cross‐sectional study...

Background: Stationary cycling is the popular, preferred, and convenient form of exercise. During exercise, autonomic modulation is seen which can be assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in HRV during mild-intensity cycling exercise. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study...

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has left an array of direct physical consequences unevenly on the elderly apart from leaving a wide range of indirect consequences of mental health problems on them. This study aims to understand the effect of a Yoga-Meditation based mobile phone application intervention to reduce the duress by mental he...

Arterial blood pressure is crucial for supplying the nutritional demands of the all body tissues and is also under tight control for the same. The day to day stress impacts the blood pressure (BP), which is effectively corrected by the baroreceptors mechanism. The effect of lateral decubitus position on the blood pressure with respect to supine pos...

Abstract Background: Major depression is a chronic condition that may affect cognition. Cognitive disturbances may affect clinical scales used to assess the severity of depression. Aims: To find an association between cognitive disturbance as objectively recorded using event-related potentials (P300) with the Hamilton rating scale for depression (H...

BACKGROUND: The ancient Indian science of Yoga makes use of voluntary regulation of breathing to make respiration rhythmic and calm the mind. This practice is called pranayama. Nadisuddhi pranayama means “purification of subtle energy paths,” inhalation and exhalation are through alternative nostrils for successive respiratory cycles. Surya Anul...

Anuloma viloma pranayama (AVP) also known as Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) is the most commonly used form of pranayama, the ancient breath control practice. It is known to modulate cardiovascular control and brain activity. This study analysed the simultaneous recording of Heart rate variability (HRV) and brain activity during and after AVP at...

Anuloma viloma pranayama (AVP) also known as Alternate nostril breathing (ANB) is the most commonly used form of pranayama, the ancient breath control practice. It is known to modulate cardiovascular control and brain activity. This study analysed the simultaneous recording of Heart rate variability (HRV) and brain activity during and after AVP at...

The existing research on Indian classical music therapy faces several challenges that need attention for the field's growth and credibility. Most studies rely on anecdotal evidence rather than rigorous scientific methodology, necessitating more controlled trials and longitudinal research. The rich diversity of ragas and talas in Indian classical mu...

NO is a gas and has a very short half-life (3-5s), as it is highly reactive. No and its products are inactivated through oxidation into nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) Which is excreted in the urine. NO is regarded as magical molecule which has profound role in regulation of various function in various organs of human body and in health and disea...

Adolescents’ scholastic and social life has become increasingly reliant on the internet and mobile technology in recent years. Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a growing problem in Indian adolescents. However, in many cases, this use has become obsessive, causing them to neglect other elements of their lives. Adolescents account for over 35% of in...

Adolescents’ scholastic and social life has become increasingly reliant on the internet and mobile technology in recent years. Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is a growing problem in Indian adolescents. However, in many cases, this use has become obsessive, causing them to neglect other elements of their lives. Adolescents account for over 35% of in...

The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) is a western-developed questionnaire that assesses 52 health-promoting behaviours (HPB) over six subscales. The purpose of this research was to identify and assess all six components of the Health-Promoting lifestyle Profile among medical and nursing students in central India (AIIMS and Gandhi Med...

Background Elderly persons have been more prone to depression, anxiety and stress during COVID-19 pandemic. They need more care and support towards mental health during these difficult times. Methodology This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted in the state of Madhya Pradesh, during the month of March 2021 to August 2021. Partic...

Background: Kapalbhati is a fast pace respiratory exercise or pranayam, which is supposed to be practiced by yogis to clean their brain. Pranayamas are well known to improve heart rate variability (HRV) ultimately leading to better autonomic functions. Other studies have observed the immediate effect of kapalbhati on various neurological (brain an...

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has left an array of direct physical consequences unevenly on the elderly apart from leaving a wide range of indirect consequences of mental health problems on them. This study aims to understand the effect of a Yoga-Meditation based mobile phone application intervention to reduce the duress by mental health iss...

Various yogic practices focus on breathing. Breathing may affect brain waves. This cross-sectional study was conducted to see the effect slow and deep respiration on EEG activity in experienced Yoga practitioners at the Department of Physiology at AIIMS, Bhopal, India. The duration of the study was about one year. EEG was taken and was analyzed by...

Introduction Pranayamic breathing is a process of continuous, regularity of inhalation, holding of breath and exhalation. All venous blood is converted to oxygenated blood . However, does deep breathing in which oxygen is inhaled in large amounts increase oxygen saturation or does the saturation decrease due to anaerobic metabolism associated with...

Abstract Context: Sirshasan is supposed to increase blood flow to the brain and considered to be beneficial for intellectual function, however mastering these techniques may be difficult. Aims: To see the effect of headstand using a tilt table on heart rate variability (HRV). Settings and Design: A cross‐sectional study that was done on 26 healthy...

Case Based Problems in Applied Physiology and Q and A in all systems of Physiology

Context: Sirshasan is supposed to increase blood flow to the brain and considered to be beneficial for intellectual function, however mastering these techniques may be difficult. Aims: To see the effect of headstand using a tilt table on heart rate variability (HRV). Settings and Design: A cross‑sectional study that was done on 26 healthy volunteer...

Slow deep breathing is known to modulate cardiovascular control and is a used in many ancient breath control practices like pranayama. The changes in Heart Rate Variability (HRV) during a less known form of Slow Deep Breathing (SDB) with equal counts of inhalation, holding and exhalation are not well documented. This study analyses the changes duri...

Introduction Pranayamic breathing is a process of continuous, regularity of inhalation, holding of breath and exhalation. All venous blood is converted to oxygenated blood. However, does deep breathing in which oxygen is inhaled in large amounts increase oxygen saturation or does the saturation decrease due to anaerobic metabolism associated with y...

Introduction: The Corona virus that originated in China in December 2019, has now spread rapidly globally. It is highly contagious & to date no cure in form of vaccine or medicines is available. COVID-19 and Immunity: Enhancing body’s natural defense system plays an important role in maintaining optimum health. The serum levels of IL2R and IL-6 in...

Gita 108 Verses Chapter 1: Who is Krishna Chapter 2: Methods of Attaining Him : Action, Wisdom, Devotion Chapter 3: Kevalam: Unification with Krishna

Introduction:Diabetes mellitus is a dangerous disease with complications and prevalence of mortality accounting for at least 10% of total health care A few published reports of both in vitro and in vivo studies on the interactions among Zinc (Zn), Alkaline- phosphatase (AP) enzyme activity, Ascorbic acid (AA) and glucose drew attention to their alt...

The use of herbal agents in medicine and dentistry is gaining importance worldwide. One such nutraceutical is turmeric which has come all the way from kitchen to clinic. Historically, turmeric finds a place in ancient Ayurvedic, Sidhha, Unani and Chinese systems of medicine. Although they are very popular in their day-today use, only few medicinal...

BACKGROUND As the incidence of asthma and major lung diseases is on the rise, it is necessary to check the lung function of school going children in major cities which are polluted. We wanted to study and correlate the lung function test and BMI of asthmatic school children and compare the same with that of normal healthy children living in Delhi....

Abstract: Introduction Alterations in the lipid metabolism have been reported in the subject of diabetes mellitus. They may be influenced by the presence of hypertension. Aims The present study was undertaken to estimate the serum lipids profiles of diabetics with and without hypertension. Study design The study design is experimental with comparat...

Introduction Alterations in the lipid metabolism have been reported in the subject of diabetes mellitus. They may be influenced by the presence of hypertension. Aims The present study was undertaken to estimate the serum lipids profiles of diabetics with and without hypertension. Study design The study design is experimental with comparative study...

Obesity is becoming a pandemic these days. People are overweight and are losing the joy of self control. Lack of exercise, poor dietary habits lead to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We wanted to scientifically compare anthropometric and pulmonary function parameters in Diabetes & Healthy Controls. The present study was a case control hospital...

arious metabolic and clinical disorders are associated with diabetes mellitus, the most prominent being vascular disease. There may be a relationship between diabetes and reduced lung function, so this study was designed to evaluate the impairment of lung function on spirometry among diabetic patients. The study included 50 type II diabetic patient...

Menstrual cycle is a cycle of natural changes that occurs in the uterus and ovaries as an essential part of making sexual reproduction possible. The biological activity of the menstrual cycle is created by coordination among hypothalamic, hypophyseal and ovarian hormones. Many females suffer from dysmenorrhea, painful cramping sensation in the lowe...

Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, end-stage renal disease and peripheral vascular disease. It accounts for a major part of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Relaxation and stress relieving methods like Pranayama, Meditation has been sho...

Second International Book in Viva Voce in Physiology Viva Voce in Practical Physiology

Problem Based Learning and Objective Structured Clinical Examination

The present research attempted to study the efficacy of Yogic exercises in enhancing the wellness of adolescents. The sample consisted of 70 adolescent participants randomly selected for the study and an experimental design with a pre-post intervention assessment was adopted. Assessment of the participants was done on the measure of Adolescent Well...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a group of metabolic disorders presenting with hyperglycemia resulting from insulin deficiency or decrease glucose utilization and increased glucose production. The present work was aimed at evaluating the serum Zinc, Alkaline phosphatase and Ascorbic acid levels in Diabetes Mellitus and to compare their levels in n...

Pyogenic granuloma is a common tumor-like growth of the oral cavity that is supposed to be non-neoplastic in nature. It is a reactional response to minor trauma or chronic irritation and due to hormonal changes. Clinically oral pyogenic granuloma is a smooth or lobulated exophytic lesion on a pedunculated or sessile base, which is mostly haemorrhag...

IntroductionCigarette smoking is the single most cause of the preventable deaths globally. It' leads to heart attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. It contains nicotine which causes physical and psychological dependencies. Material and MethodsWe assessed the effect of smoking on respir...

Background: Textile industries play a significant role in the economic growth of the country. Health concern of these textile mill workers is the biggest challenge. Respiratory alterations were found in these workers with long-term exposure to cotton dust. Effect of cotton dust on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is not very well documented in the...

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Background: those dreadful Aims and Objectives: like age, sex, religion, smoking, Materials and Methods: OPD, was done in a tertiary care hospital to find out an association of risk factors and ischaemic heart disease. Results: age of subjects with MI was 38.87+9.64 years with male to female ratio of 1.4:1 and 37.62+9.26 years...

Background: Continuous exposure to occupational noise may create physiological derangements of parameters pertaining to stress and anxiety of an individual’s life. Controversial outcomes over the years from different studies made this a topic of debate. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of noise exposure on blo...

p> Background: Every activity requires a certain amount of concentration and no effective action may be performed without deep concentration. Businessman or artists or students in school must know the art of focusing all powers of attention on a single point in order to succeed in their respective vocation. Methods: We wanted to find the best tech...

Introduction: Pulmonary function tests have added in the early detection of pulmonary dysfunction in patients considered to be normal on the basis of clinical and radiological examination. The present study was designed to evaluate pulmonary functions in car paint sprayers. Material and Methods: Sixty subjects in the age group 18 to 45 year were di...

Introduction: Occupational health diseases affect more people every year. The present study is done evaluate the liver and renal function test in car paint sprayers in Indian settings. Environmental and occupational exposure to nephrotoxic substance causes impairment of renal and liver functions test. Material and Methods: Sixty subjects in the age...

Sleep is part of the rhythm of life; without a good sleep the mind is less adaptive, mood is altered and the body loses the ability to refresh. The sleep-wake cycle of medical students is quite different and sleep deprivation, poor sleep quality, occurrence of napping episodes during the day. This study was designed to assess sleep habits in firs...

Diabetes is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases and underlying lipid abnormalities. Dyslipidemia, a modifiable risk factor is often underdiagnosed and undertreated in our patients. Its early identification can make aggressive cardiovascular preventive management possible. This report seeks to determine the prevalence and pattern...

Introduction: Yoga has beneficial effects on memory. In females, left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for verbal memory and right hemisphere is responsible for the spatial memory, while the opposite is true for males. Aim: Aim of the present was to study the effect of unilateral right nostril breathing, left nostril breathing and alternate n...

BACKGROUND Modern man is the victim of stress and stress related disorders which threaten to disrupt his life totally. Being holistic in its approach, Yoga offers the best way out of this 'whirlpool of stress.

The Yoga is a path of personal spiritual development that utilizes meditation for the brighten enlightenment of physical and mental health. The Yogasanas influence the cardiovascular parameters by altering the pre load and after load. Isometric Hand Grip [IHG] exercise, a convenient and popular means of eliciting reflex cardiovascular responses, ha...

Objective: To assess the effect of 45 minute yogic kriya (Surya Namaskar and Kapalbhati) for 30 days on various physiological and biochemical parameters. Methods: About 20 Nursing College students of the Santosh Medical University, Ghaziabad, between the age group 17 and 21 years volunteered to participate in the study. They were divided into two G...

Background: Initial exposure of the students to the Professional Institutes specifically Medical Colleges can be stressful because they can easily make students anxious while trying out to juggle school work, friends and family in order to figure out the future of their life. Most of them bounce back. Students head off to college with excitement an...

The present study was conducted to assess the autonomic activity in 30 normal healthy [control] and 30 Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [POAG] subjects. The studies related to record the autonomic dysfunction in POAG was undertaken. The results showed that both the parameters used for sympathetic as well as parasympathetic activities were found to be st...

Every activity requires a certain amount of concentration and no effective action may be performed without deep concentration. Chandranadi pranayama was analyzed scientifically in our study to assess its effect on reaction times and pulse rate. Material and Methods: Chandranadi Suddhi pranayama starts with closing the right nostril with the thumb o...

BACKGROUND Patanjali, foremost exponent of Yoga, described pranayama as gradual unforced cessation of breathing. Pranayama or control of prana or life force yields heartbeat, pulse and mind control. Brahmari Pranayama (BP) is a pranayama the humming sound of a flying wasp is mimicked. That slow pace pranayama influence the heart rate and blood pres...

The Yoga is an art of developing mental and physical health of the body. The study was done on 30 hypertensive male patients undergoing the treatment since 3-17 years. The basal recording of cardiovascular parameters like Blood Pressure [Diastolic and systolic], Heart Rate, Pulse Pressure and Rate Pressure Product were taken. After that, they were...

Obesity is becoming a pandemic these days. People are overweight and are losing the joy of self control. Lack of exercise, poor dietary habits lead to hypertension and diabetes mellitus. It is essential to make students aware of their faulty habits so they may correct it at an early age. We analyzed the BMI, Body age, Visceral Fat, Total and subcut...

Background Pemphigus is a potentially life threatening autoimmune disease that causes blisters and erosions of the skin and the mucous membrane. The epithelial lesions are a result of auto-antibodies that react with desmosomal glycoproteins that are present on the cell surface of the keratinocyte. The autoimmune reaction against these glycoproteins...

OBJECTIVES: Physical exercise provides multiple benefits to an individual. It is known that exercising regularly can prevent coronary heart disease, hypertension and obesity and improve flexibility. The effect of exercise on visual reaction time needs to be studied, a s the existing data on the benefit of aerobic exercise on psychomotor functions i...

Aims &Objectives: The mechanism of the effects of music is still under scientific study and needs to be understood in a better way. We designed this study to see how music affects reaction time and concentration. The aim of our study was to study the effect of Gayatri mantra on reaction time. Material and Methods: 30 healthy subjects were selected...

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to study the effect of isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise training on resting blood pressure in normal healthy volunteers. Materials and methods: Hand grip spring dynamometer was used for IHG exercise training. A total of 30 normal healthy volunteers in the age group of 20-40 y were enrolled for the...

A slight reduction of blood pressure and pulse rate can reduce the risk of developing cardio vascular disease. Indian and western music have been considered among preventing programmes for time in order to reduce risk associated with cardio vascular disease. Therefore the aim of study is to describe the effect of listening hanuman chalisa music...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to study the sympathetic function tests during the follicular, luteal and menstrual phases of the menstrual cycle in normal healthy eumenorrheic females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty females in the age group of 18- 25 years were recruited for the study. Sympathetic non-invasive autonomic function...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to study the sympathetic function tests during the follicular, luteal and menstrual phases of the menstrual cycle in normal healthy eumenorrheic females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty females in the age group of 18-25 years were recruited for the study. Sympathetic non-invasive autonomic function...

Aims and objectives: The present study was designed to study the influence of various phases of menstrual cycle on visual online reaction time. Material and Methods: Fifty females in the age group of 18-25 years were recruited for the study. Visual reaction time test was taken online. Statistical Analysis: Results were analysed by ANOVA with SPSS v...

Background: A familial history of hypertension increases the risk of hypertension in the offsprings. Aims and objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the underlying hypertension by using the Isometric Handgrip (IHG) exercise test in the offsprings of hypertensive parents and to compare it with age-matched controls of normotensive...

Background: Obesity is one of the common significant health hazards and is associated with autonomic dysfunction. Aims and objectives: The present study was designed to assess the underlying autonomic neuropathy in obese subjects and to compare it with age-matched controls. Material and Methods: Thirty obese subjects in the age group of 21-40 years...

Background and Aim of the Study: The Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) recommended by medical educationists is a new concept in practical assessment. However, this tool of practical evaluation is not widely used in our country. The validity of the examination is improved in OSPE as this tool tests both the process and the product wi...

Background and aims: Anatomy is one of the founding pillars of Medical Science. However, it has a poor preference as a career choice among the medical graduates. This can be attributed to the traditional concept in the minds of the people that it is a subject concerned mainly with cadaver dissection and teaching. This study is therefore aimed at un...

Medical education is undergoing tremendous change. This has been facilitated by medical education units set up in different colleges. The main aim of medical education is to bring about an upliftment in knowledge, skill and attitude of the students. Anatomy, being a basic medical science, is one of the pillars on which medical science stands. A nee...