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Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1

May 2017
Studies in Mycology 86(C)

May 2017
86(C)

DOI:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002

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CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

Authors:

Yasmina Marin

Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research

J.Z. Groenewald

Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute

Lei Cai

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Qian Chen

Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris, Boeremia, Calonectria, Ceratocystis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniella, Curvularia, Monilinia, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Pilidium, Pleiochaeta, Plenodomus, Protostegia, Pseudopyricularia, Puccinia, Saccharata, Thyrostroma, Venturia and Wilsonomyces. For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, nine new combinations, and four typifications of older names.

. DNA barcodes of accepted Coniella spp.

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. DNA barcodes of accepted Thyrostroma spp.

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. DNA barcodes of accepted Venturia spp.

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Coniella hibisci (ex-epitype CBS 109757). A. Conidiomata forming on OA. B, C. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. D. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 350 μm, others = 10 μm.

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May 2024

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Several species of Botr yosphaeria are known to occur on grapevines, causing a wide range of disorders including bud mortality, dieback, brown wood streaking and bunch rot. In this study the 11 Botryosphaeria spp. associated with grapevines growing in various parts of the world, but primarily in South Africa, are distinguished based on morphology, DNA sequences (ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2 and EF1-α) and pathological data. Botryosphaeria australis, B. lutea, B. obtusa, B. parva, B. rhodina and a Diplodia sp. are confirmed from grapevines in South Africa, while Diplodia porosum, Fusicoccum viticlavatum and F. vitifusiforme are described as new. Although isolates of B. dothidea and B. stevensii are confirmed from grapevines in Portugal, neither of these species occurred in South Africa, nor were any isolates of B. ribis confirmed from grapevines. All grapevine isolates from Portugal, formerly presumed to be B. ribis, are identified as B. parva based on their EF1-α equence data. From artificial inoculations on grapevine shoots, we conclude that B. australis, B. parva, B. ribis and B. stevensii are more virulent than the other species studied. The Diplodia sp. collected from grapevine canes is morphologically similar but phylogenetically distinct from D. sarmentorum. Diplodia sarmentorum is confirmed as anamorph of Otthia spiraeae, the type species of the genus Otthia (Botryosphaeriaceae). A culture identified as O. spiraeae clustered within Botryosphaeria and thus is regarded as probable synonym. These findings confirm earlier suggestions that the generic concept of Botryosphaeria should be expanded to include genera with septate ascospores and Diplodia anamorphs.

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Mar 1999

Cylindrocladium candelabrum-like isolates were collected from a wide variety of geographic locations and compared based on their morphology, sexual compatibility and the nucleotide sequences of their rDNA ITS regions. All isolates included in this study mated to produce Calonectria teleomorphs with viable progeny. Four distinct mating populations were identified, each representing a genetically isolated, biallelic, heterothallic population. Several representative isolates of each mating population, reflecting geographic diversity, were chosen for sequence comparisons. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 that flank the 5.8S rDNA gene, as well as the gene itself, were sequenced and compared. All isolates representing the same group yielded similar sequences, but small, consistent differences were found between the groups. Based on these results we recognise Calonectria scoparia (anamorph Cylindrocladium candelabrum), and describe three new species, namely Calonectria pauciramosa (anamorph Cylindrocladium pauciramosum), Calonectria insularis (anamorph Cylindrocladium insularae) and Calonectria mexicana (anamorph Cylindrocladium mexicanum).

Cochliobolus phylogenetics and the origin of known, highly virulent pathogens, inferred from ITS and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences

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Nov 1999

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Mar 2001

Two morphologically similar fungi are associated with canker and die-back of eucalypts in South Africa, one of which was identified as part of the Botryosphaeria dothidea-complex. In this study, the identity of the other fungus was determined by comparing morphology, pathogenicity and DNA sequence analysis of isolates of both taxa. Based on these results, a new species, Botryosphaeria eucalyptorum, and its anamorph Fusicoccum eucalyptorum, are described. Although the teleomorph is morphologically similar to other taxa in the B. dothidea-complex, conidial characteristics of the anamorph are distinct, as well as the sequences of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2. Like B. dothidea, the fungus is pathogenic to Eucalyptus, although there do not appear to be clear differences in pathogenicity between these two species.

A taxonomic reassessment of Phyllachora proteae , a leaf pathogen of Proteaceae

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May 1999

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Monilinia Gaylussaciae , A New Species Pathogenic to Huckleberries ( Gaylussacia ) in North America

Article

Sep 1988

Lekh R. Batra

Monilinia gaylussaciae sp. nov. (Discomycetidae: Sclerotiniaceae) is sympatric with several other species such as M. vaccinii-corymbosi, M. polycodii, and M. azaleae, which also parasitize ericaceous hosts endemic to North America. It is generally restricted to Gaylussacia (Huckleberry). In contrast to the species on Vaccinium, the mummified fruit of the new species remain attached to the host until late summer, and the pseudosclerotium within matures on the bush. The apothecia develop from pseudosclerotia on the ground, formed the previous year, and mature in late March through April. Asci are octosporic and stain blue in Melzer's iodine reagent; ascospores are 13.0-15.1 × 7.5-8.6 μm, ellipsoid, subhyaline and smooth; conidia are formed on very tender foliage of the current year, are ash gray limoniform, 26–31 × 20–23 μm and are separated by fusiform disjunctors 8–10 × 2–2.5 μm. Cultures of M. gaylussaciae on potato dextrose and yeast-malt agar media are zonate, without micro-conidia and produce a copious amount of a yellow crystalline material in the agar and black stromata arranged concentrically.