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The Future IoT: The Current Generation 5G and
Next Generation 6G and 7G Technologies
Sandeep Bhatia
School of Computing Science and
Engineering,
Galgotias University
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
sandeepbhatia1711@gmail.com
Urvashi Gupta
Research Scholar
SRMIST, Delhi-NCR Campus,
Ghaziabad
ug3398@srmist.edu.in
Basetty Mallikarjuna
School of Computing Science and
Engineering,
Galgotias University
Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
basetty.mallikarjuna@galgotiasuniversi
ty.edu.in
Surender Kumar
Department of ECE
ADGITM
Shastri Park, New Delhi, INDIA
drsurenderkdhiman@gmail.com
Devraj Gautam
Department of ECE
ADGITM
Shastri Park, New Delhi, INDIA
devrajgautam10@gmail.com
Soniya Verma
Department of Humanities
KIET, NCR Delhi
Uttar Pradesh, INDIA
soniav134@gmail.com
Abstract— Internet of things can be referred to as embedded
objects, and broad band cellular networking technologies
5G/6G/7G for connecting people and transferring data over the
Internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) combines many different
objects and communication strategies. The term "Internet of
Things" (IoT) refers to the concept of everything connected to
the internet. Because it allows for new services and
developments, IoT will be critical in the future. There are
numerous applications of Internet of Things varying from
simple home automation to complex ones like smart cities, smart
farming and smart transportation etc. All objects/ devices under
IoT are connected to a network. In near future, the emerging
technology like Internet of Things have a prediction to dominate
traditional concept of controlling devices, IoT bring about huge
amount of traffic as a result of the strong interaction among the
millions of connected things available at the time of deployment
to particular application. The increase in the popularity of the
Internet of Things has been likened to an increase in the number
of barriers. In this study, the current use of 5G edge network
infrastructure with IoT enabled, and hybrid and multi-cloud
deployments need 6G and 7G technologies, and we examine the
current state of IoT, as well as potential conditions and
challenges that may influence IoT acquisition. In this paper
there is a comparison of different communication technology in
the context of IoT. At the end of the paper the impact of 5G, 6G,
and beyond 7G technologies have been discussed in the preface
of IoT.
Keywords— Future IoT, Smart Things, 5G, 6G and 7G
technologies,
I. INTRODUCTION
The Internet refers to a globally effective tool that transmits
real-time data over geographical, cultural, linguistic, and
temporal barriers [1]. The Internet is basically used to connect
people across the globe with each other and make their living
easy by connecting various devices to the internet [2]. From
the past in 4G, there are so many issues in mobile internet and
facing uncertainties and people feel instabilities of Internet
Protocol. The subscribers are not satisfied with 4G, and the
industry looking to improve the network latency with 5G and
6G expands the industries in all things in terms of the low
network latency and high reliability. As when the physical
world would be connected through the internet it would ease
the life of people. The Internet would further act as a
commutator for people [3]. The internet has improved our
daily life in a variety of ways, including health monitoring,
home appliance control, research and development, science,
smart manufacturing, tourism, entertainment, mass
communication and so on. Approximately 200 countries use
IoT technology through data, information, news, and opinion
exchanges [4]. Ultimate goal of IoT is to automate and ease
human life. The high-speed growth of telecommunication
technology all over the industrial partners and IT marketing
in the telecommunication sector, looking over the digital
transformation from 6G to 7G as shown in rough diagram in
Figure 1.
Fig. 1. The digital transformation from 5G to 6G and, jumped to 7G
The IoT is increasing its application area across the globe.
Smartphones, smart vehicles, and telecommunication
technologies 5G/6G/7G used in almost all applications of IoT
plethora of other gadgets may now all share data via the
Internet [5]. 3G supports wireless telecommunication and it
upgraded 2g and 2.5G used for fast data transfer and better
voice control and for edge networks, then 3G upgrades to 4G
and 5G. 4G upgrades for video conferencing and long-term
evaluation (LTE) to 5G, current 5G is running. The following
application domains are covered by the personal and social
aspects Networking is an important aspect of the internet [6].
For example, a vehicle outfitted with the Internet of Things
(IoT) technology will not only assist drivers by giving maps,
but will also provide real-time in-formation, but will also
provide instructions and propose the best routes to reach the
location [7]. In the year 1999/2000 once SIM card inserted,
then 3G running inside mobile and it supported MAN, it
978-1-6654-7491-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE
212
2023 International Conference on Device Intelligence, Computing and Communication Technologies, (DICCT) | 978-1-6654-7491-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/DICCT56244.2023.10110066
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became a popular network service in IoT and recognized the
‘thing/object’ [8]. In [9], the author discussed 4G, 5G, 6G and
7G impact on IoT enabled applications. The IoT revolution
with emerging communication technologies has been
discussed by the author.
This article is explained in section 2 as the related work of the
integrated environment of upcoming technologies, section 3
demonstrated as methodology and objectives, section 4
provides the explanation and 5th section defines the
references preceded by the conclusion.
II. RELATED WORK
IoT is considered to be used across various regions and
platforms. Healthcare, agriculture, smart buildings (schools,
hospitals, and homes), supply chain management,
transportation, and defense are among areas where
technology is being used [10]. The current 5g technology
includes SDN, IoT and AI it supports for core edge
technologies and based application [11]. For the integrated
environment 5G not sufficient minimum 6G required, 6G is
1000 times faster than 5G and improves the SDN, AI and IoT
within the relevant areas of security and privacy [12]. The
network slicing said that multi-access and edge computing
(MEC) shows the integrated environment of end-to-end
network service capability with artificial intelligence (AI),
IoT, and Software Defined Network (SDN), these
technologies guaranteed to transfer the data with a high
service rate and provided the service level agreement (SLA)
as shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 2. The integrated environment of upcoming technologies
The network services will be enhanced from 6G to 7G. IoT
changed the way we want to live upon and automate our
lifestyle. IoT large spread usage has the potential to change
our daily lives. The IoT is very useful for boosting city
smartness and infrastructure in general [13]. 6G operates a
higher energy radio spectrum than 5G, 6G is sufficient for
"smart house" as per security and privacy 6G also not
sufficient, network-enabled medical gadgets looking for
6G/7G gadgets find applications in healthcare [14]. IoT
optimizes the connected devices in terms of energy
consumption and low cost. IoT assists elderly people and
hearing-impaired persons by providing smart gadgets which
facilitate voice recognition. Under IoT enabled smart
transportation, connected cars, bridges embedded with smart
sensors give us new ways to deal with daily life problems like
huge traffic and insufficient space for parking by providing
real time information about the movement of traffic to
peoples [15]. IoT faces security issues as all the things are
vulnerable and anyone can hack it for illegal purposes. The
evolution and concept of smart things required for 7G, as well
as the issues associated with IoT required for 7G, will be
discussed in the paper [16].
III. METHODOLOGY
As a result of smart things, our society is becoming intelligent
and autonomous. IoT based smart connected things are a
collection of connected gadgets that can be remotely
controlled and monitored through the use of hub location i.e.
central processing workstation and provides online services
to applications [17]. In IoT enabled smart devices, mobile
edge networks build 6G network, it improves access to AI,
SDN and IoT capabilities, the sensors included in smart
products 6G expected to be launched by 2030 [17]. If smart
things automate the objects, the research work starts in 6G
2020. Smart refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, and
other household goods, as well as smart shoes and phones,
are all on the horizon, but security breaches are also the factor
of concern in IoT enabled applications [18].
The present we are moving from 5G to 6G in the coming
future we are jumped to 6G to 7G with an integrated
environment of IoT, AI, and SDN with the layer of openness
and customization, and it's more and more innovative to all
industries, openness, and customization supports agile
services and API interfaces [19]. It is surrounded by the
terahertz communication of frequency band 100 GHz to
10THz exploited in the 6G to 7G era, it has never been used
before and it has no limitations. The network security
provides the post-quantum cryptography and quantum key
distribution (QKD) as shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 3. The future IoT and current 5G and next 6G and 7G Technology
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TABLE 1: COMPARISON OF ALL GENERATIONS 1G TO 8G [15]
Integration of IPv6 and global interoperability, and IoT -
Cloud integration are all examples of IoT interaction and
integration in the global Internet. IoT connects billions of
Smart Things around the world while remaining mindful of
their unique limits [20]. In the forthcoming years, the
intertwining of Smart Things, companies, and people leads
to product, service, and business model innovation. Self-
contained physical or digital entities with sensing,
analyzing, responding, and networking capabilities are
described as smart things [1]. Adding intelligence to
ordinary things in our environment makes our lives more
amazing. The world of connect-ed devices is now at your
fingertips thanks to smart things [2]. Traditional gadgets
are even less intelligent, convenient, secure, safe, and
efficient than smart things. These make it simple to connect
tangible objects to the internet to automate, monitor,
control, and have fun with them from any position, at any
time, above any network, and by anybody. Sensors, GPS,
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ambient intelligence, EPC, barcode, and
telemedicine are some of the embedded Internet of Things
technologies that can help with this smartness [3]. Smart
refers to any physical entity that is connected to the internet
Technology
Generations
Features
Year
Data
Rate
Enabled
Technology
and services
Type of
Switching
Multiple
xing
Core
Network
Frequency
Handoff
Location
of First
Commerci
alization
1G
1970-
1980
2.4Kbps
Cellular
Analog, Voice
only and
AMPS
Circuit
FDMA
PSTN
Few
thousand
Kbps
Horizont
al
Tokyo
2G
1980-
1990
64Kbps
GSM, EDGE,
GPRS, Digital
Voice and short
messaging and
Cellular Digital
Circuit
and
packet
TDMA
and
CDMA
PSTN and
packet
Network
Few
thousand
Kbps
Horizont
al
Finland
3G
1990-
2000
2Mbps
Integrated high
quality audio,
video and
Broadband IP,
CDMA 2000,
WCDMA,
UMTS
Packet
except
circuit for
air
interface
CDMA
Packet
Network
Few Mbps
Horizont
al and
Vertical
Japan
4G
2000-
2015
200Mbps
Unified IP and
combination of
LAN, WAN,
PAN, WLAN,
LTE, VoIP and
WiMAX,
Wearable
devices
Packet
Switching
OFDMA
Internet
2-6 GHz
Horizont
al and
Vertical
South
Korea
5G
2015-
2026
(Predi
cted)
1Gbps
and
higher
4G+WWWW,
LAS-CDMA,
OFDM, MC-
CDMA and
IPv6, Wearable
devices with AI
IPv6 but
still up-
dation
pending
MIMO,
CDMA
Internet
4G
Frequency
Horizont
al and
Vertical
Mexico
6G
2027-
2035
(Predi
cted)
10-
11Gbps
GPS, Galileo
systems, 5G+
Satellite, Ultra-
fast internet
access
All Packet
CDMA
Internet
90 GHZ-
3.5THz
Horizont
al and
Vertical
South
Korea by
2028
7G
Beyon
d
2035
(Predi
cted)
About
12+
Gbps
Secured and
global cellular
services, Ultra-
fast internet
access
All packet
CDMA
Internet
90 GHZ-
3.5THz
Horizont
al and
Vertical
Norway,
USA,
China and
Japan by
2035-2040
8G
Beyon
d
2040
(Predi
cted)
About 20
Gbps
Secured and
global cellular
services, Ultra-
fast internet
access
All Packet
CDMA
Internet
Beyond
4THz
Horizont
al and
Vertical
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that has certain sensing capabilities. Its primary objectives
are as follows
• Identify users and their social relationships [4].
Gain access to the info of the user [5].
• Determine the user's social context by evaluating
into their framework, interests, and attributes [6].
• Infer social aspirations focuses on the cultural
environment [7].
• Behavior coordination [8].
• In the context of IoT smart phones, as well as
physical things like shoes, brushes, beds, curtains, and
tables [9].
We are moving into a smart world as year by year we move
forward. Smart Things are a collection of connected
gadgets that can be monitored and controlled using a
central processor and online services [5]. In other words,
smart things are transform-ing the physical world into a
vast information system, and Big Data Analytics (BDA) is
aiding in the processing of better decisions [6]. Even
though it was not recognized until 1999 [7]. The Coke
machine was one of the very first of all internet appliances
that came into existence. Programmers working several
feet above the vending ma-chine constructed a server
application to track how long a storage column in the ma-
chine had been vacant [8]. The programmers could use the
Internet to connect to the machine, check its condition, and
see whether there was a cold drink waiting for them if they
went down to it. Now in the current situation in the world,
IoT is gathering momentum and people look to it as a future
[9]. Various forecasts around smart gadgets or innertubes
things have been created based on numerous evaluations.
Ac-cording to the "Internet of Things" paper in 2025, there
might be up to 16 billion linked devices, on average, each
person on the earth owns about 6 gadgets [10]. IMS
research estimates that by 2028, there will be 22 billion
Internet-connected gadgets [11].
IV FINAL DISCUSSION
The IoT poses substantial hurdles that could prevent it from
attaining its full potential [12]. As per the network security
aspects 5G not sufficient 6G/7G leads the integrated
environment, as well as developing economies and
development, are among the obstacles.
Security: Many IoT deployments face new and distinct
security problems [13]. These obstacles should be resolved
in terahertz communication, as should ensuring the security
of IoT goods and services. 6G/7G provides security
components of the IoT [14].
Privacy: Approaches that respect individual privacy
preferences over a wide range of expectations are
necessary for the IoT to reach its full potential. IoT
consumers can benefit greatly in openness customization
[15].
In the world of IoT applications, one of the most
overused buzzwords is "smart connected things". These
applications have a direct impact on our daily lives right
from the wake up until we go to bed late at night. Smart
Phones have invaded even manmade structures, enabling
these applications to be used. Most of us are connected with
technological equipment like servers, computers, tablets,
phones, and most of the time have access to the internet, so
we need to have faster technology driven by 5G and beyond
communication technology [16].
Integrated environment: The capacity of two or more
systems to share data and subsequently use that data is
referred to as interoperability. Because the IoT will contain
a variety of heterogeneous devices, interoperability is
essential, networks and systems must all function together
to build an IoT [17]. Various integrated applications like
threat detection, facial recognition, knowledge based and
decision-making systems require a 6G/7G approach [18].
There are various aspects also to look up to for things to
move successfully ahead. If developing countries are to
prosper from IoT, they will need to respond as well [19].
The Internet of things will be driven by advanced cellular
networks 4G, 5G and beyond 6G. There is a need to have
faster communication technology which has low latency,
higher throughput and low cost [20]. The Internet of things
can find applications in rescue operations through
deployment of autonomous military robots for the
detection of the human body. This robot is equipped with
the dedicated sensors to perform the operation of sensing
the human presence and simultaneously send its current
location to remote servers through RFID antenna/ sim card.
So, a more specific application of IoT can be found in
military operations where smart robots can do rescue
operations [21].
In [22], the Internet of things can find its applications in
home automation through voice control and head
movement disabled person can control the home appliances
and this makes it easier to use devices which can't be
controlled manually.
In [23], the Internet of things can be used in the healthcare
sector to protect more service security. In medical
hospitals, healthcare related information is vulnerable,
always there is a risk of data leak. In this paper the author
performs a detailed investigation of the internet of things
execution in the healthcare industry to increase cyber
security and protect data leakage.
In IoT the captured data from sensors need to be
communicated to a remote distance via some networking
technologies like 3G and 4G onwards. With the increasing
number of applications and connected devices in IoT there
is a demand for faster communication technology like 5G,
6G and beyond to achieve higher throughput and low
latency [15].
V IMPACT OF 4G, 5G, 6G AND 7G ON IOT
There is a large impact of 4G. 5G, 6G and 7G on IoT for
transmitting the gathered data from sensors to remote
location which was difficult to transmit by using traditional
techniques of transmission. Using new technology
generation higher data rate with low latency and high
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TABLE 2. 4G, 5G, 6G AND 7G PROS AND CONS MONDAL ET AL. [19]
throughput can be achieved as mentioned in table 1 and
table 2 shows pros and cons of all technology upgrade.
VI CONCLUSION
The new diversity applications 6G/7G support digital
manufacture, operation, and administration, it provides
flexibility, redundancy, self-healing, network reliability, and
stability. Smart Things are playing an extremely integral part
of everyday lives, and the possibilities are endless. The best
thing about the Internet of Things is that it improves people's
quality of life, increases operational efficiency, and handles
circumstances where human involvement is impossible. The
Internet of Things, on the other hand, confronts severe
difficulties that could stymie its potential benefits. We will
need to place more emphasis on this.
The future IoT and 6G/7G technologies provide low-carbon
transformation towards the ICT industry. It improves the
network throughput and less resource consumption. And
provide end-to-end AI, IoT, and SDN integrated capability
with open-source cloud infrastructure.
Mobile wireless communication is an emerging concept and
over many years it has fast growth. Efforts are going on to
reduce the various technologies to one standard resulting in
5G to 7G revolution. 5G looking towards wireless world with
no limitation and 6G integrates 5G to provide faster
communication with higher data rate, low latency and higher
throughput. With 6G handoff is the matter of concern leading
the emergence of 7G.
The world tends to move towards wireless completely where
uninterrupted and unlimited access to internet and data
resources with good quality, faster speed, higher bandwidth
and less cost.
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5G
6G
7G
Pros
High speed,
High
Handoff,
MIMO based
Technology,
Global
Technology
Large coverage area,
low power
consumption, more
spectral efficiency
and high security
Global coverage
Less cost of call, Less
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data handling capacity
Cons
Complicated
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hardware
requirement
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execute
Still under
observation, trials are
going on, hard to say
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technological support
across the countries,
infrastructure
development high
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upon
High cost of call and similar 5G disadvantages
Similar 5G and 6G issues
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