About
59
Publications
2,630
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
1,713
Citations
Publications
Publications (59)
Ionizing radiation (IR) initiates intracellular oxidative stress through enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that attack DNA leading to cell death. Because of the diversity of IR applied in medicine, agriculture, industry, and the growing threats of global terrorism, the acquisition of radioprotectors is an urgent need for the natio...
The multifold bioactive medicinal properties of ginseng have been closely linked to its antioxidative ability, which is related to its ginsenoside content. Since the key mechanism of radiation-induced cell death and tissue damage is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that attack cellular DNA, this study focuses on the impact of a stand...
To explore the radioprotective effect of a standardized North American ginseng extract (NAGE) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), a micronuclei (MN) assay was conducted in PBL obtained from 12 volunteers. NAGE (50-1000 microg/mL) and WR-1065 (1 mM and 3 mM) were applied to PBL cultures at 0 h and 90 min post-irradiation. It was found that...
15540
Background: Since formation of micronuclei (MN) in interphase cells is a reflection of DNA damage, it has been postulated that enhanced peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) radiosensitivity might correlate with the development of radiation morbidity. Methods: We conducted the cytokinesis-block (CB) MN assay of PBL in 54 prostate cancer (PC) pat...
A majority of potential radioprotective synthetic compounds have demonstrated limited clinical application owing to their inherent toxicity, and thus, the seeking of naturally occurring herbal products, such as ginseng, for their radioprotective capability has become an attractive alternative. In general, ginseng refers to the roots of the species...
To assess the effect of Chinese ginseng in modifying the radiation-induced micronuclei (MN) yield in human G(o) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), we conducted the cytokinesis-blocked (CB) MN assay in blood samples obtained from healthy volunteers (n=4). Before (137)Cs ex vivo irradiation, mononuclear cell cultures from each sample were incubated...
To test the hypothesis that, before treatment, prostate cancer patients who demonstrate a high yield of ex vivo radiation-induced micronucleus (MN) in G(0) lymphocytes represent a patient population with a greater-than-average risk of developing radiotherapy (RT)-related morbidity.
We prospectively conducted the cytokinesis-block MN assay of periph...
One of the objectives of the HUman MicroNucleus (HUMN) project is to identify the methodological variables that have an important impact on micronucleus (MN) or micronucleated (MNed) cell frequencies measured in human lymphocytes using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. In a previous study we had shown that the scoring criteria used were lik...
One of the objectives of the HUman MicroNucleus (HUMN) project is to identify the methodological variables that have an important impact on micronucleus (MN) or micronucleated (MNed) cell frequencies measured in human lymphocytes using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. In a previous study we had shown that the scoring criteria used were lik...
The effect of tobacco smoking on the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in human lymphocytes has been the object of many population studies. In most reports, the results were unexpectedly negative, and in many instances smokers had lower frequencies of MN than non-smokers. A pooled re-analysis of 24 databases from the HUMN international collaborative pr...
To verify the applicability of the micronucleus (MN) yield in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) as a quantitative biodosimeter for monitoring in vivo ionizing radiation damage, we applied the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay in PBLs of cancer patients treated with partial-body radiotherapy. Dosimetric information on these 13 patients repres...
Micronucleus (MN) expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes is well established as a standard method for monitoring chromosome damage in human populations. The first results of an analysis of pooled data from laboratories using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and participating in the HUMN (HUman MicroNucleus project) international...
To further verify the applicability of the micronucleus (MN) assay in biodosimetry, we measured the MN yield in cytokinesis-blocked (CB) peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of eight prostate cancer (PC) patients. These patients had no previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy (xRT). They were treated with standardized schemes of fractionated pelvic xRT....
To evaluate the effect of blood storage on the yield of micronuclei (MN) in both irradiated (in vivo and ex vivo) and unirradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), we applied the MN assay in cytokinesis-blocked (CB) PBL obtained from healthy subjects (n=11), and from cancer patients (n=10) who were undergoing fractionated partial-body radiothera...
To investigate the effect of ex vivo hyperthermia (HT) and -irradiation on micronucleus (MN) production in cytokinesis-blocked lymphocytes, we obtained the peripheral blood samples from the same cancer patients (n=6) before and during fractionated partial-body radiotherapy (xRT). The whole blood cultures were heated at 43.5°C for 60 min, followed b...
Compared with peripheral blood sampling, capillary blood collecting by finger stick is less traumatic and more convenient. To assess the sensitivity and reliability of capillary blood for the lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) assay, this study was performed in three sample groups, i.e. healthy donors (n = 3), cancer patients before treatment (n = 7), an...
Micronuclei (MN) production in the peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer increases with increasing integral radiation dose to the prostate/pelvic area, thereby demonstrating a linear, in vivo, clinical dose response relationship for this biological dosimetry system. Use of this lympho...
Micronuclei (MN) production in the peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer increases as a function of increasing integral radiation dose to the prostate/pelvic area, thereby demonstrating an in vivo, systemic, clinical dose response relationship for this biological dosimetry system. Alt...
study indicated that by adding cytochalasin B (6 μg/ml) at 24 h, the lymphocyte culture time for micronucleus (MN) assay could
be shortened to 64 h. In both unirradiated and ex-vivo irradiated (2 Gy) lymphocytes from three populations, we found that the differences in MN yield obtained by our modified
cytokinesis-blocked time frame and that recomme...
We studied the synergistic effect of hyperthermia (HT) and cesium-137 radiation on micronuclei (MN) production in HT29 cells. Exponential growth HT29 cells were heated at 37°C or 43°C for one hour and exposed to 137Cs (0.5 to 4 Gy). After irradiation, cytochalasin B (5 μg/mL) was added to the culture at 23 hours, and the cells were harvested at 47...
A major limitation in the quantitative accuracy of the human lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) assay is preservation of the cytoplasm during the cell harvesting. In this short communication, an improved method for cytoplasm preservation in a cytokinesis-blocked, whole-blood microculture (0.3 ml) technique is described. We believe that the timing of the...
Using the cytokinesis-block technique, lymphocytes from healthy volunteers (n = 9) were evaluated for 1) the radiation dose-response curve for micronuclei (MN) expression; 2) technique variables on the yield of MN; and 3) the shortest lymphocyte incubation time required for the MN assay. We found that the best fitting of relationships between incre...
We investigated the variations in DNA ploidy by flow cytometry (FC) among cell suspensions acquired by different disaggregation methods from the same tumor specimens. Cell suspensions (n = 121) of 40 solid tumors were obtained by mechanical mincing (n = 33), enzymatic digestion (n = 19), in vitro fine needle aspiration (FNA) (n = 34) or scraping (n...
We obtained peripheral lymphocytes from both healthy donors (n = 7) and cancer patients (n = 14) for the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (MN) assay. Lymphocytes were irradiated with 137Cs to 2 Gy. Cytochalasin B (6 μg/ml) was added to the incubation at 44 hr and the cells were harvested at 72 hr. We found that compared to healthy donors, lymphocyt...
The effect of mechanical, enzymatic and combined disaggregations on the same tumor tissue (n = 154) to define variables related to clonogenic efficiency (CE) of human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) was examined. Overall, CE was highly associated with the percentage of malignant cells in the inoculative suspensions (P less than 0.001) and the total c...
The size of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells has often been ambiguously defined as one and a half to four times that of a lymphocyte. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio of nuclear diameter (ND) of SCLC cells to that of lymphocytes in the same tissue sections and to assess whether the size of SCLC cells correlates with the si...
Experimental evidence suggests that jejunal allografts are rejected as rapidly as are ileal grafts, despite their lesser content of lymphoid tissue as an immunologic stimulus. However, it may be possible to postpone the rejection of jejunal grafts more readily than that of ileal grafts by means of immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporin (CyA). T...
The nuclear diameters (NDs) of randomly selected malignant cells from 35 cases of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC; 4,370 nuclei) and 31 cases of non-SCLC (NSCLC; 1,280 nuclei) were measured on the pretreatment tissue sections by ocular micrometry. The mean ND (+/- standard deviation) of malignant cells for SCLC patients was 8.1 +/- 1.5 microns; these...
The nuclear diameter of 5,117 malignant cells from 42 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) patients was assessed either on pretreatment tissue sections (35 cases) or cytologic smears (7 cases) by ocular micrometry. The SCLCs were subtyped as 30 oat cell carcinomas and 12 intermediate cell carcinomas according to the World Health Organization classifica...
We report the pretreatment quantitative nuclear morphological findings of malignant cells from 42 patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to evaluate their impact on the stage of disease, therapeutic response and survival as well as their interrelationships. The variables analysed were nuclear configuration, distinction of nuclear membrane, chr...
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) combined with anti-cytoplasmic antibodies (ACA) in 0.6% (n = 43) of 7,121 consecutive patients referred for ANA screening were observed. Homogeneous/cytoplasmic was the most frequently combined ANA/ACA pattern among 6 different indirect immunofluorescent (IF) combinations. Distribution of diseases was similar in patien...
This study evaluated data from 30 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to determine whether demographic, clinical, and morphologic and morphometric data that were obtained prior to treatment, could be used to predict survival. All patients had Stage III disease, and all subsequently were treated identically with concurrent radiotherapy, cisp...
The relationship between nuclear diameter and biologic behavior was studied in 127 cases of thyroid carcinoma. Using a sonic digitizer coupled to a minicomputer, nuclear diameters of 200 randomly selected cancer cells from each case (hematoxylineosin-stained paraffin sections) projected at X 400 magnification were traced and averaged. A total of 25...
The present study examines disease distributions in patients with multiple nuclear immunofluorescent staining patterns detected by FANA testing. Among 4003 consecutive patient sera examined, we found that 813 yielded conventional well-defined single staining patterns, while 46 produced multiple pattern combinations. Homogeneous plus nucleolar was t...
The association between mitotic rate and biologic behavior was studied in 127 cases of thyroid cancer. Based on the observation of 12,700 high-power fields (HPF), the mitotic rate varied from 0 to 316 (33.3 +/- 4.9) mitoses/100 HPF. Mitotic rate differed among the four types of thyroid cancers and correlated inversely with the differentiation of th...
In studies on 779 fresh, unselected ANA+ sera, 50 (6.4%) were found to have anti-dsDNA antibodies, by using CIP (C. luciliae immunoperoxidase), and 84% of the 50 patients met the criteria for definite SLE. After freezing 36 of these sera for 13 +/- 1 months, only 52.8% were again positive by CIP. Using CIF (C. luciliae immunofluorescence), 16.7% an...
Experiments were carried out to examine relationships between alveolar macrophage maturity and amounts of tissue factor (Clotting Factor III) in these cells under physiologic conditions and during immunologically induced pneumonitis. Using discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, alveolar macrophages from healthy rabbits were rapidly isolated...
Rabbit mononuclear leukocytes isolated from a variety of anatomic sites were examined for ability to generate procoagulant activity in vitro. Marrow, blood and spleen mononuclear cell populations were found to differ functionally from lymph node, thymus and alveolar populations by having much greater ability to increase in tissue factor activity in...
The present experiments examine leukocyte procoagulant activity using mononuclear cell populations purified or enriched from rabbit bone marrow, blood, spleen, lymph node, thymus, and pulmonary alveoli. Cells from these six sites, obtained from control and endotoxemic animals and assayed without an intermediate culture step, were found to have proc...
The present experiments examine leukocyte procoagulant activity using mononuclear cell populations purified or enriched from rabbit bone marrow, blood, spleen, lymph node, thymus, and pulmonary alveoli. Cells from these six sites, obtained from control and endotoxemic animals and assayed without an intermediate culture step, were found to have proc...
Review of 8428 autopsies (1870 for known cancer) showed that 68 patients had had multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMT). Those 68 cases represented 0.8 per cent of all autopsies done, 3.6 per cent of all cancer autopsies. Diagnosis of MPMT was made only at autopsy in 24 cases (35.3 per cent). Thirty-six patients were male, 32 female. Their averag...
Human Rh+ and A+ red cells sensitized with human anti-Rh and anti-A blood group alloantibodies are shown to stimulate large increases of tissue factor activity as compared to controls after incubation with leukocytes for 3-18 hours. As little as a 1/1280 dilution of human anti-Rh serum was stimulatory. Immunospecific effects in experiments with 5 d...
A review of 308 cases of colorectal carcinoma showed 12 cases (3.9%) of colorectal multiple primary malignant tumors and 14 cases (4.5%) of colorectal primary malignant tumor associated with extracolonic primary malignant tumor. A total of 60 tumors was involved: 14 each in the sigmoid and transverse colon; eight in the cecum; six in the rectum; on...
Cellular measurements and microstructural changes are reported in 68 proven esophageal squamous cell carcinomas including 29 cases (1,100 cells measured) of early cancer (in situ or early invasive) and 39 cases (1,170 cells measured) of advanced cancer. The cytoplasmic diameters were 20.72 +/- 0.20 micrometers in the early cancers and 22.98 +/- 0.2...
To explore the radioprotective effect of a standardized North American ginseng extract (NAGE) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), a micronuclei (MN) assay was conducted in PBL obtained from 12 volunteers. NAGE (50â 1000 µg/mL) and WR-1065 (1 mm and 3 mm) were applied to PBL cultures at 0 h and 90 min post-irradiation. It was found that (1...
