Tirath Patel

American University of Antigua · Medical School

Background: SGLT-2 inhibitors are one of the emerging drugs in heart failure. Several meta-analyses prove its effect in reducing the composite outcome of cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure but it is unknown if they contain all the primary studies hence a need for a pooled analysis Methods: We performed an umbrella analysis and...

Background The Entrapped Temporal Horn (ETH) is characterized by localized enlargement of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain. This study aimed to investigate the factors, development, prognosis, and effective treatment. Methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines...

Background: The global burden of stroke remains a significant public health challenge, with high body mass index (BMI) emerging as a notable and modifiable risk factor in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Method: Using Global burden of disease tool, deaths and disability adjusted life years due to Stroke attri...

Background: Stroke ranks as the 2 nd leading cause of mortality, following ischemic heart disease, within the spectrum of cardiovascular-related deaths. Method: Employing the Global Burden of Disease tool, Stroke prevalence, incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) by age, sex, and year across the High-Income North America (...

Pregnancy-related syncope presents special difficulties due to the rapid physiological changes that occur throughout gestation. This narrative review provides a thorough summary of the patterns and pregnancy outcomes secondary to syncope during pregnancy. There is an increase in syncope burden during pregnancy, and hence it is critical that medical...

Background: Smoking has long been associated with an increased risk of various cancers, and it plays a significant role in deaths related to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), accounting for 1.69% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States of America (USA). Additionally, among all other risk factors contributing to AML development, smoking is res...

Migraines are chronic, painful, and one of the most prevalent disabling primary headache disorders, mainly treated with pharmacological methods. Patients suffering from migraine suffer from a significantly reduced quality of life. The use of non-pharmacological methods to reduce the stress and anxiety associated with long-term chronic conditions ca...

Introduction: Clinical evidence and emerging studies suggest that the clinical heterogeneity observed in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) could be due to sex-based differences. However, definite evidence to guide sex-specific treatment is not yet available. We aim to explore the sex-related differences in treatment outcomes following...

This report presents the case of a 45-year-old man with a history of episodic headaches, palpitations, and sweating for the past six months. His blood pressure on admission was 170/100 mmHg. The patient was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma confirmed by elevated levels of plasma catecholamines and metanephrines. CT imaging revealed a 3 cm mass in the...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental health condition affecting individuals exposed to traumatic events. This paper is a narrative review of the existing literature on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD. Treatment includes selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reupta...

Immunotherapy has emerged as a pioneering therapeutic approach that harnesses the immune system's abilities to combat diseases, particularly in the field of oncology where it has led to significant advancements. However, despite its significant impact in the field of oncology, the potential of immunotherapy in the context of cardiovascular disease...

Background The emergence of genetically-modified human proteins and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have presented a promising strategy for effectively managing diabetes. Due to the scarcity of clinical trials focusing on the safety and efficacy of semaglutide as an adjunctive treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes who had in...

Surgical site infection (SSI) is a growing global concern. The principal explanation for this is its adverse clinical outcomes, such as morbidity and mortality. However, the link between the economic burden of SSIs and patient outcomes needs to be sufficiently characterized. This review aims to describe the financial implications of SSIs on patient...

Heart failure remains a leading cause of hospitalization and death, and presents a significant challenge for healthcare providers despite the advancements in its management. This umbrella review aimed to pool the results of meta-analyses on the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure patients. A l...

Brain rehabilitation and recovery for people with neurological disorders, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and neurodegenerative diseases, depend mainly on neuroplasticity, the brain's capacity to restructure and adapt. This literature review aims to look into cutting-edge methods and treatments that support neuroplasticity and recover...

High-power, short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation is expected to be more effective and safer than low-power, long-duration (LPLD) RF ablation in treating atrial fibrillation (AF). Given the limited data available, the findings are controversial. This meta-analysis evaluated whether the clinical effects of HPSD outweigh those of LPLD. A...

Introduction: Sleep paralysis is a prevalent phenomenon characterized by suffocation, immobility, and hallucinations. Its causes remain unknown, although the neurotransmitter imbalance is suggested as a potential factor. This condition is closely associated with hallucinations and a sense of intrusion, often observed in patients with narcolepsy, h...

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of finerenone therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with cardiovascular and chronic renal diseases. This meta-analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of finerenone in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Google Sch...

I'm writing to provide more information about the study by Theresa et al., "The Role of a Multidisciplinary Heart Failure Clinic in Optimization of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy: HF-optimize [1]." While the study examines how a multidisciplinary approach might be used to enhance medical care for heart failure patients controlled by guidelines,...

It has been noted that people who have epilepsy have an increased propensity for cognitive dysfunction. We explored 25 relevant articles on PubMed and Cochrane Library after implementing inclusion criteria. Different factors have been postulated and studied that may cause cognitive dysfunction in these patients; structural brain abnormalities, poly...

Patients diagnosed with cancer often experience an abnormal occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its related complications. In order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of both treatment approaches, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis within the realm of cancer-associated thromboembolism. A thorough searc...

Blunt aortic injury is the second most prevalent cause of patient fatalities post-trauma, closely following head injuries as the leading cause. In recent years, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has evidently improved survival rates and reduced complications in patients suffering from blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI) in comparison to...

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is a rare congenital or acquired neurological disorder that most commonly affects the pediatric population but is also rarely reported in adults. DDMS results from brain injury in the intrauterine or early years of life. It is characterized by prominent cortical sulci, hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinus, u...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder that impacts the gastrointestinal tract. Significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD have been made during the past few decades, improving patient outcomes. This narrative review aims to provide...

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common entrapment neuropathy characterized by pain, numbness, and impaired function of the hand due to compression of the median nerve at the level of the wrist. Although CTS can develop from repetitive strain, injury, or medical conditions, there are also congenital and genetic risk factors that can predispose ind...

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune condition marked by isolated thrombocytopenia, which makes people more likely to hemorrhage. We provide a case of a 45-year-old female patient with ITP who displayed unusual clinical symptoms, emphasizing the diagnostic difficulties and treatment options in such circumstances.

The literature on pharmacologic treatments for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is inconsistent and unstandardized. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate choices in pharmacologic treatment options for POTS and the challenges encountered in the studies. We searched numerous databases like PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google...

Drug-eluting stents have transformed the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), and there are two types: polymer-free and polymer-coated stents. Polymer-free stents have a coating that is quickly absorbed by the body, whereas polymer-coated stents have a coating that remains on the stent surface. This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed...

Stress urine incontinence (SUI) is most common in middle-aged women and the second most common in those over 75. SUI causes significant discomfort and suffering for patients and has a considerable financial impact on the healthcare system. Conservative approaches are recommended as the first step in treatment. However, surgery is often necessary to...

A 72-year-old White male complained of memory loss, trouble recalling names and events, and a regular-duty deterioration. Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia characterized the patient’s history. He never drank or used drugs. His mother had Alzheimer’s, and his father had a stroke. The patient’s physical examination was unremarkable ex...

Cold agglutinins are autoantibodies that can cause agglutination or clumping of red blood cells (RBCs) at temperatures below normal body temperature. This case report discusses a 37-year-old male patient who suffered from multiple injuries due to a motorcycle accident. The patient’s laboratory tests revealed a high level of cold agglutinins, which...

Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) is a promising therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) that has the potential to improve treatment outcomes and reduce side effects compared to traditional, continuous DBS. In aDBS, the stimulation parameters are adjusted in real-time based on feedback from the patient’s brain signals or symptoms. This allows for...

Electrocardiography (ECG) parameters are significant in the prognosis of ischemia and other cardiovascular conditions. Reperfusion or revascularization techniques are essential in reestablishing blood flow to ischemic tissues. This study aims to demonstrate the association between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a revascularization techni...