(PDF) Medicinal plants with antioxidant activity

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1980

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Medicinal plants with antioxidant activity – A review

Mahdi M. Thuwaini

Department of Pathology, College of Medical and Healthy Techniques, Southern Technical University, Basrah,

Iraq.

Received: 10.11.2023 Revised: 18.11.2023 Accepted: 26.11.2023 Published: 30.11.2023

________

INTRODUCTION:

The body is constantly producing free radicals due to the

regular use of oxygen. Oxidation is a chemical reaction

that transfers electrons from one molecule to an

oxidizing agent. Oxidation reactions are known to

produce free radicals. These free radicals are responsible

for the cell damage in the body and contribute to various

kinds of health problems, such as heart disease, diabetes,

macular degeneration, and cancer. Antioxidants are a

class of chemical substances naturally found in our food

that can prevent or reduce the oxidative stress of the

physiological system. Plants are the major source of

natural antioxidants. Many previous reviews revealed

that medicinal plants are efficient sources of antioxidant

and free radical scavenging activities [1-3].

Table 1. Medicinal plants with antioxidant effects.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research

(An International Multidisciplinary Peer Review Open Access monthly Journal)

Available online at: www.jparonline.com

ABSTRACT:

The production of free radicals occurs continuously in all cells as part of normal cellular function.

However, excessive production of free radicals can play a role in many diseases. Antioxidants prevent

tissue damage caused by free radicals by inhibition of their production, scavenging them, or by

promoting their decomposition. This review highlighted the natural sources of antioxidants to be

used as beneficial supplements in prevention of many diseases.

Corresponding author:

Dr. Mahdi M. Thuwaini

Professor

College of Medical and Healthy Techniques,

Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq.

Tel: +91- 9641397949

E. Mail ID: mahdimurshd@stu.edu.iq

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Antioxidant,

Free radicals, Therapeutic.

.

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1981

Table 1. Medicinal plants with antioxidant effects.

Ref. Methods Active extracts or compounds Medicinal plant

7-9

Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay and

DPPH assay

Hydroalcoholic extract Achillea santolina

10-13

Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, ABTS

and DPPH assays

Leaf extract Adiantum capillus-

veneris

14-16 ABTS and DPPH assays Flavonoids, crude extract Adonis aestivalis

17-18 ABTS and DPPH assays Different extracts and fractions Agrimonia eupatoria

19-20 ABTS and DPPH assays Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction Ailanthus altissima

21-22 FRAP and DPPH assays Aqueous extract Alhagi maurorum

23

In vivo improve superoxide dismutase,

catalase, glutathionperoxidase, and reduced

glutathione

aqueous extract Allium cepa

24-25

DPPH, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation

assays

Allium sativum

26-28

ABTS and DPPH assays and inhibition of

lipid peroxidation assays

Extracts and essential oil Alpinia galangal

29-30

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay Scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxy

coumarin)

Althaea officinalis

31-32 Inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay Methanolic extract Ammanniabaccifera

33-34 DPPH assay Butanolic extract Ammi visnaga

35-36

DPPH assay butamol extract of Anchusa italicaand

two of the triterpenes’ compounds

Anchusa italica

37-39

ABTS and Inhibition of lipid peroxidation

assays

Chamazulene, aqueous extracts Anthemis nobilis

40-41 DPPH assay Absolute methanol extract Antirrhinum majus

42-43 NO, DPPH, ABTS, LPO, and HPO methods leaf extract Apium graveolens

44-46 DPPH assay Peanut peptide Arachis hypogaea

47-49

The antioxidant activities were measured in

a hexane/2-propanol solution of methyl

linoleate in the presence of a radical initiator

caffeoylquinic acid derivatives from the

root

Arctium lappa

50-53

ABTS and DPPH assays and inhibition of

lipid peroxidation assays

Aqueous, Ethyl acetate extracts and

essential oils

Artemisia campestris

54-55

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DPPH

assay

Juice, anthocyanins A1 and A2 Asparagus officinalis

56-57

In vivo antioxidant enzymes Rhamnocitrin 4'-β-D-galactopyranoside

(RGP) obtained from leaves

Astragalus hamosus

58-60

DPPHassay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation Phenolic-rich fractions of oats and 3

avenanthramides compounds

Avena sativa

61-63

.

DPPHassay, inhibition of lipid peroxidation

and invivo antioxidant enzymes

Aqueous andalcoholic extract Bacopa monniera

64-66

DPPH assay and inhibition of lipid

peroxidation

Aerial parts extracts, diterpenoid and

flavonoid

Ballota nigra

67-68 DPPH assay crude extracts and fractions Bauhinia variegate

69-71 DPPH assay The the aerial parts Bellis perennis

72-75

DPPH, ABTS and in vivo inhibition of lipid

peroxidation

Seeds and fruit extracts Benincasa hispida

76-77 DPPH assay Crude extracts of the herb and flowers Bidens tripartitus

78-79 DPPH assay Crude extract Brassica nigra

80-81

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DPPH

assay

Root extract and the carbohydrate

derivatives of the roots

Brassica rapa

82-83 DPPH assay leaf extracts Bryophyllumcalycinum

84-86

Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DPPH

assay

Seeds extracts Caesalpinia crista

87-88

DPPH and inhibition of lipid peroxidation Crude extracts of the leaves and

flavanone glycosides

Calamintha graveolens

89-91

DPPH, ABTS and in vivo inhibition of lipid

peroxidation and effect on antioxidant

enzymes

Crude extracts Calendula officinalis

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1982

92-94

DPPH and inhibition of lipid peroxidation Crude extracts, latex, flavonoids and

phenols

Calotropaprocera

95-96 DPPH assay The aerial parts methanolic extract Canna indica

97-99 DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assays Aerial part and root extracts Capparis spinosa

100-103

DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assays and α -

carotene-linoleic acid system

Crude extracts and flavonoids Capsicum species

104-107

DPPH, FRAP assays and inhibition of lipid

peroxidation

Seeds extracts, serotonin and flavonoids

derivatives

Carthamus tinctorius

108-111

DPPHassayand inhibition oflipid

peroxidation,

Seeds extracts and essential oils Carum Carvi

112-114

DPPHassay, nitric oxide scavenging activity,

β- carotene-linoleic acid model system,

hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,

reducing power, metal chelating activity and

superoxide radical scavenging activity

The methanolic extracts of leaves,

stems and seeds

Cassia occidentalis

115-116 DPPH and FRAP assays Crude extracts Casuarina equisetifolia

117-119 DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays Ethanol extract Celosia cristata

120-121

Chemiluminescence‟s method – system

luminol/H

2

O

2

Crude extract Centaurea cyanus

122-124 DPPH assay Ethanolic leaf extract Chenopodium album

125-126 DPPH assay Methanol leaf extract Chrozophora tinctoria

127-134

DPPH and hydrogen peroxide radical, and in

vivo effect on superoxide dismutase,

catalase, GSH, increased MDA levels.

Crude seeds and roots extracts and

lectin

Cicer arietinum

135-138

(DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radical, and

in vivo effect on superoxide dismutase,

catalase, GSH, increased MDA levels.

Crude extracts and fractions, Cichorium intybus

139-144

DPPH assay Crude seeds extracts and flavonoids,

isosaponarin, isovitexin and isoorientin

3’-O-methyl ether, isolated from the

fruits

Citrullus colocynthis

145-153

DPPHassay and inhibition of lipid

peroxidation

The leaf extracts and leaf essential oil

of Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus medica,

Citrus limonumand Citrus sinensis

Citrus species

154-156

DPPH Assay, reducing power assay and

total antioxidant activity

Methanolic extract of the aerial parts,

and compound -hydroxy-6,7,4′-

trimethoxy flavones

Clerodendrominerme

157-161

DPPH Assay Different solvent extractsof different

parts

Clitoriaternatea

162-163 DPPH, ABST and FRAP assays Methanol and ethanol extracts Colchicum candidum

164-170 DPPH, ABST and FRAP assays Crude extracts of the aerial parts Convolvulus arvens

171-172 DPPH Assay The crude methanolic extract Convolvulus scammonia

173-175 DPPH assay Crude extracts Cordia myxa

176-183

DPPH assay, lipoxygenase inhibition,

phospholipid peroxidation inhibition, iron

chelating activity, hydroxyl radical

scavenging activity, superoxide dismutation,

glutathione reduction and antilipid

peroxidation

Seed powder, essential oil and crude

extracts

Coriandrum sativum

184-186

DPPH assay Racemiside, scopoletin, 7,8-dimethoxy-

6-hydroxycoumarin, 3,3',4'-tri-O-

methylellagic acid, and

cereotagloperoxide isolated from the

ethyl acetate-soluble fraction

Cotoneaster racimiflora

187-189

DPPH assay n-Butanol, methanolic and ethyl acetate

extracts

Cressa cretica

190-198

DPPH, ABTS assay and in vivo antioxidant

enzymes

petals, stigmas, entire flowersand

crocin

Crocus sativus

199-200

DPPH assay and in vivo antioxidant

enzymes

Crude extracts Crotalaria juncea

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1983

201-210

DPPH assay and in vivo antioxidant

enzymes

Crude extracts and β-pinene, p-cymene,

γ-terpinene, cuminaldehyde and cumin

oils

Cuminum cyminum

211-217

DPPH, ABTS assay and in vivo antioxidant

enzymes

The chloroform and methanol leaf

extracts and essential oils

Cupressus sempervirens

218-225

DPPH assay, β-carotene–linoleic acid

bleaching method, and lipid peroxidation

inhibition assay

Crude leaves, fruits, pulps, peels and

seeds, phenolic extracts and essential

oils

Cydonia oblonga

226-230

DPPH, superoxide anion radical scavenging,

nitric oxide scavenging assay, ferrous

chelating ability, hydroxyl radical

scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide

scavenging activity and ABTS assay

Ethyl acetate, hexane, ethyl acetate, and

methanol leaves extracts

Cynodondactylon

231-233

DPPH, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl

radicals, nitric oxide radical, hydrogen

peroxide, in addition to property of metal

chelating and reducing power.

Extracts by different extraction solvents Cyperus rotundus

234-235

DPPH method Crude extract Dactylocteniumaegyptia

cum

236-238

lipid peroxidation inhibitory (LPO), DPPH

method

ethanol extract of the bark; aqueous and

methanol extracts of the stem bark

Dalbergia sisso

239-241

DPPH method, hydroxyl radical scavenging

activity, reducing power assay, and β –

carotene bleaching activity

different solvent extracts from the

leaves

Datura fastuosa

242 DPPH method Crude extracts Datura stramonium

243-245 TBARS and DPPH methods Dry matter Daucus carota

246-248

DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide,

hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and

DNA damage protection.

methanolic extract

Desmostachyabipinnata

249-250

DPPH assay volatile oil Dianthus caryophyllus

251-253 DPPH and the total antioxidant capacity alcoholic extractof Digitalis purpurea Digitalis species

254-255

DPPH assay Ethanolic and Methanolic

extractsextract

Dodonaeaviscosa

256-257 DPPH assay methanol extracts, Dolichos lablab

258-260 DPPH assay Seeds and aerial parts extracts Echinochloa crus-galli

261-262

DPPH, Fe

2+

- chelating ability, total phenolic

contents and total flavonoid contents

methods.

Ethanolic extracts Echium italicum

263-264 DPPH assay Methanolic extractof Ephedraalata Ephedra species

265-268 ABTS and DPPH assays Aqueous and ethanol extract Equisetum arvense

269-272

DPPH and against nitrative and oxidative

damage induced by ONOO−

Methanolic, hexane, chloroform, ethyl

acetate, butanol and 70% ethanolic

extract

Erigeron canadensis

273-276

DPPH assay Methanolic, extract, tannin, gallic acid,

(+)-catechin and vitamin C

Erodium cicutarium

277-279

DPPH assay Aqueous and ethanolic extracts from

different parts (leaves, stems, roots, and

the whole plant)

Eryngium creticum

280-284

DPPH The essential oil and the subfractions of

methanol extract from leaves of

Eucalyptus largiflorens. The leaves

extract and essential oil of Eucalyptus

camaldulensis

Eucalyptus Species

grown in iraq

285-287

DPPH assay

The hydro-alcoholic extractandcaffeoyl

derivatives

Eupatorium cannabinum

288-290

DPPH assay different parts (leaves, stems, flowers

and roots) extracts of Euphorbia hirta

Euphorbia hirta

291-294 DPPH assay Extracts of the leaves and stems Euphorbia tinctoria

295-298 DPPH assay Seed components, epicatechin, (+)-Fagopyrum esculentum

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1984

catechin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, (−)-

epicatechin 3-O-p-hydroxybenzoate,

and (−)-epicatechin 3-O-(3,4-di-O-

methyl) gallate

299-303

DPPH assay Leaves extracts, Cyanidin-3-

rhamnoglucosideand crude hot-water

soluble polysaccharide

Ficus carica

304-305 DPPH assay Crude extracts Ficus carica

306-307 inhibition of lipid peroxidation assay aqueous and ethanolic bark extracts Ficus religiosa

308-312

DPPH, FRAPassays and total antioxidant

capacity

Crude seeds extracts and 3-

caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic

acid,

1.5-Odicaffeoylquinicacid, rosmarinic

acid, eriodictyol-7-Orutinoside,

quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-

3-Orutinoside, kaempferol-3-

Oglucoside,

hydroxylcinnamic acid derivatives,

flavonoid glycosides and

flavonoid aglycones

Foeniculum vulgare

313-315

DPPH assays and inhibition of lipid

peroxidation

Ethanolic extractof bark, as well as

esculetin,

esculin, fraxetin and fraxin

Fraxinus ornus

316-319

Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay,

cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assay,

DPPH radical scavenging, ß-caroten-linoleic

acid assay, metal chelating capacity and

inhibition of the organic compounds and the

conjugated diene hydroperoxides arising

from linoleic acid oxidation

Methanolic extract of aerial parts Fumaria officinalis

320-321

In vivo, evaluation of SOD, glutathione

Peroxidase and glutathione reductase

Crude extract Fumaria parviflora

322-326

DPPH assay, H2O2 scavenging assay and

metal ion chelating ability

Methanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol

crude aerial parts extracts

Galium aparine

327-331

DPPH and nitric

oxide radical scavenging, reducing power

and H2O2 scavenging

Aerial parts extracts Galium verum

332-334

DPPH, FRAP assays and percentage

inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation capacity

Crude extracts of different parts Geum urbanum

335-339

DPPH assay Roots extracts and Chalcone derivative,

a novel group of neolignan lipid esters,

and seven

known phenolic compounds

(formononetin, glabridin,

hemileiocarpin,

hispaglabridin B, isoliquiritigenin, 4‘-

O-methylglabridin, and

paratocarpin B)

Glycyrrhiza glabra

340-341 DPPH assay Methanol extracts Gnaphalium luteoalbum

342-346

Free radical scavenging

activity, reducing power assay, DNA

damage prevention

Hydroalcoholic, aqueous and ethanolic

leaves extracts andgossypol

Gossypium Species

347-350

β-carotene bleaching test, the

reducing power test and H2O2 induced cell

damage

Aerial parts extracts and essential oils Haplophyllum species

351-355

DPPH assay Ethyl acetate, methanol and

dichloromethane stem extracts,

methanol extract of leaves,methanolic

extract of the whole plant and α-

hederin, hederasaponin-C, and

hederacolchisides-E and F.

Hedera helix

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1985

356-359 Inhibition of peroxidation of lipids, hydroxyl

radical formation and DPPH radical

formation

Methanol and hexane extracts of seeds

Helianthus annuus

360-363

Total antioxidants, ABTS and CUPRAC

methods

Leaves and tubers extracts Helianthus tuberosus

364

Lipid peroxidation (inhibition Aqueous extracts of the leaves Helicophyllum crassipes

(Eminiumspiculatum)

365-367

DPPH assay Leaves, flowers stems, and roots

extracts

HeliotropiumSpecies

368-369

DPPH assay Methanol extracts Herniaria glabra and

Herniariahirsuta

370-371

DPPH free radical scavenging activity in

vitro and their capacity to protect DNA from

oxidative damage in vivo.

Flowers extracts Hibiscus cannabinus

372-379

DPPH free radical scavenging activity and

percentage

inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation capacity

Different leaves and flowers extracts Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

380-391

(DPPH) inhibition, lipid peroxidation

inhibition and in vivo antioxidant status

Different calyx, petal, and leaf extracts Hibiscus sabdariffa

392-399

DPPH antiradical, nitric oxide scavenging

and metal chelating activities

Arial parts and leaves extracts Hyoscyamus species

400-404

DPPH free radical scavenging, ferric

Reducingand ferrous chelating,

aerial parts extracts Hypericum

triquetrifolium

405-410

DPPH assay and ferrous ion chelating Methanolic leaves extract, methanolic

and acetone extract of aerial parts

Inula graveolens (Syn:

Dittrichia graveolens)

411-415

DPPH, NO, superoxide and ABTS radicals

in addition to reducing power

assessment.

Crude aqueous, methanolic and

ethanolic leaves extracts

Jasminum officinale

416-420

DPPH free radical scavenging, β-carotene-

linoleic acid assays andhydrogen peroxide

method.

Methanol and ethanol extracts and

essential oils

Jasminum sambac

421-430

DPPH radical scavenging, reductive power

tests, H2O2 scavenging activity, inhibition

of lipid peroxidation andtotal antioxidant

capacity

Water, chloroform, methanol, ethanol,

ethyl acetate and N-butanol extracts of

the leaves, water, hydroalcoholic,

chloroform and petroleum ether of the

bark and polyphenols

Juglans regia

431 DPPH assay Rhizomes extracts Juncus maritimus

432-436

DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical (ОН•)

scavenging and chelating capacity,

superoxide radical (•O2−) scavenging,

xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects and

hydrogen peroxide scavenging.

Water, ethanol extracts and essential

oils

Juniperus communis

437-441

DPPH, TEAC, and FRAP Aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic extracts

and essential oils

Juniperus oxycedrus

442-445 DPPH assay Crude leaves extracts Jussiaea repens

446-447

DPPH radical assay, Superoxide anion

radical scavenging activity and Lipid

peroxidation inhibition assay

Aqueous and 50% ethanol fructus

kochiae extracts

Kochia scoparia (Syn:

Bassia scoparia)

448-451 DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays Flowers and leaves extracts Lagerstroemia indica

452-455 DPPH assay Leaves and barks extracts Lagerstroemia speciosa

456-458

DPPH and FRAP assays Ethyl acetate and methanol leaves

extracts and essential oils

Lallemantiaiberica

459-460 DPPH and FRAP assays Seeds different extracts Lallemantiaroyleana

461-466

DPPH, the total phenolic and flavonoids

contents and total antioxidant activity

Extracts of leaves and

Stem, lantadene A, oleanolic acid and

lantanilic acid

Lantana camara

467-471

DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power,

β-carotene bleaching

inhibition and TBARS formation inhibition

Crude extracts Lathyrus sativus

472-478 DPPH and ABTS assays Leaves methanol, petroleum ether and Lawsoniainermis

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1986

ethyl

Acetate extracts

479-480

H2O2 scavenging activity, Ferrous ion

chelating

activity and Superoxide scavenging activity

lyophilized water and ethanol extracts Lemna minor

481-483

ABTS, FRAP and reduction power Lupanine, a quinolizidine alkaloid

isolated from the tubers

Leonticeleontopetalum

484-489

DPPH, ABTS, superoxide

scavenging activity and metal chelating

property

Methanolic, ethyl acetate and ethanolic

extracts

Lepidium sativum

490-494

DPPH assay and inhibition of lipid

peroxidation

Defatted

methanolic extract of aerial parts,

methanol and ethyl

acetate extract of leaf and stem

Lippianodiflora

495-499

DPPH, ABTS, superoxides radical, reducing

power and phosphomolybdenum assay.

Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of

dried leaves, peels and seeds extracts

Luffa acutangula

500-504

ferric thiocyanate test, thiobarbituric acid

test,

ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH

free radicals

scavenging test

Chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate,

ethanol and methanol extracts of leaves

Luffa cylindriica

505-507 DPPH and ABTS assays Leaves waterand hydroalcholicextracts Lycopus europaeus

508-513

DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide

scavenging activities

Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the

aerial parts

Lythrumsalicaria

514-518

DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays.

Leaves, stems, flowers and roots

extracts

Malva neglecta

519-527

DPPH, FRAPassays, and inhibition of lipid

peroxidation

Aqueous-methanolic extracts of pulp,

peel and seed kernels, many crude

extracts, fractions (ethyl

acetate and n-butanol) and many

separated compounds

Mangifera indica

528-532

DPPH and nitric oxide antioxidant activity

and LPO inhibition

Methanolic extract, essential oils and

flavonoids (acacetin, apigenin, and

acacetin-7-rhamnoside).

Marrubium vulgare

533-537

Various antioxidant assays: DPPH, ABTS,

linoleic acid emulsion, ferric ions reducing

antioxidant power, ferrous ions chelating

capacity, superoxide radical scavenging

activity assays

Crude extracts of different parts and

polyphenolic-polysaccharide conjugates

Matricaria chamomilla

538-542

DPPH and FRAP assays Flowers extracts, raw seeds and

germinated seeds

Medicago sativa

543-546

DPPH assay and lipid peroxidation

inhibition

Hexane, 96 and 50% ethanol extract Melilotus officinalis

547-549

DPPH radical scavenging model and

CUPRAC method

Hydroalcoholic extract and infusions

Melissa officinalis

550-553

The total antioxidant capacity, FRAP and

DPPH tests.

Acetone, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether,

methanol and ethanol extracts of leaves

Mirabilis jalapa

554-556 DPPH assay The aqueous and ethanolic extracts Musa paradisiaca

557-559

DPPH and FRAP assays.

Bulb and 11 compounds [tazettones C-

G, (2S)-3′,4′-dihydroxy-7-

methoxyflavan, (2S)-3′,7-dihydroxy-

4′-methoxy8-methylflavan, (2S)-

liquiritigenin 7-methyl ether, 8-

methylnaringenin, farrerol, and

cyrtominetin], isolated from the bulbs.

Narcissus tazetta

560-563

DPPH, ABTS and Inhibition of lipid

peroxidation assays

Ethanolic extract, phenolic, flavonoid,

and anthocyanin contents

Nasturtium officinale

564-567

DPPH assay; β-Carotene/linoleic acid a

bleaching assay and ferric reducing power

assay.

Essential oil and different extracts

(water, methanol, water: methanol and

acetone).

Nerium oleander

J Pharm Adv Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016. e – ISSN: 2581-6160 (Online)

Mahdi ©Journal of Pharmaceutical Advanced Research 2018. 1987

568-572

DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power tests. The extracts of the stem, flavonoids and

polysaccharides.

Nicotiana tabacum

573-578

DPPH assay

Flavonoids, polyphenols, essential oil

and crude leaf extracts.

Ociumbasilicum

579-584

DPPH, ABTS, total antioxidant capacity

(TAC), xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory

assays.

Ethanolic, hydro-alcoholic and aqueous

extracts of leaves, and phenolic

compounds

Olea europea

585-588 DPPH and ABTS assays. Crude extracts and fractions Ononis spinosa

589-592

DPPH assay.

Butanolic, ethanol, and acetone extracts

from flowers and leaves

Onopordonacanthium

593-595 DPPH method and total antioxidant effect. Polysaccharide and crude extracts Orchis masscula

596-600

DPPH and ABTS assays.

The essential oil and aqueous, ethanolic

and methanolic extracts

Origanum vulgare

601-605

DPPH, nitric oxide radical scavenging

activity and against MPTP induced oxidative

stress.

Flavonoids, crude methanolic and

ethanolic leaves extracts.

Oxalis corniculata

606-612

FRAP and DPPH assays.

The fruit extracts and polyphenol,

flavonoid, anthocyanin contents.

Phoenix dacylifera

613-614 FRAP Fruits, water and

methanol extracts of sweet kernels

Pruns armeniae

615-616

DPPH, FRAP, TEAC, CUPRAC and SNP

(silver nanoparticle assay)

Crude extracts of Ranunculussceleratus Ranuculussceleratus

617-618 DPPH Crude extracts of Ranunculus arvensis Ranunculus arvensis

619-620

On the activity of catalase, glutathione-S-

transferase, and glutathione peroxidase

Methanol extracts of the flowers and

leaves of Reseda lutea

Reseda Species

Plant antioxidants are mainly polyphenols (phenolic

acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, lignans and stilbenes),

carotenoids (xanthophylls and carotenes) and vitamins

(vitamin E and C) [4-5].

The antioxidant effects of medicinal plants are

determined by many chemical-based assays. Among

these assays, some are based on the ability to scavenge

stable free radicals, such as Trolox equivalence

antioxidant capacity (TEAC), DPPH assay and, Folin–

Ciocalteu regent assay, and some assays are based on the

ability to reduce metal ions, such as ferric ion reducing

antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing

antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC). Meanwhile, HAT-

based assays detect the ability of an antioxidant to

quench free radicals by hydrogen donation, which is

more relevant to the radical chain-breaking antioxidant

capacity. HAT-based assays include oxygen radical

absorbance capacity (ORAC), total radical trapping

antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and inhibiting the

oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [6].

This review highlighted the natural sources of

antioxidants to be used as beneficial supplements in

prevention of many diseases.

CONCLUSION:

Antioxidants from plant sources are biologically active

compounds that have medicinal and therapeutic values as

alternatives to their synthetic analogues, due to their

stability, cheapness, and lack of undesirable effects

associated with their use. This review presented plant

sources of antioxidants to encourage further studies on

their effectiveness when used medicinally, their stability,

their pharmacokinetics, and the possibility of side effects

resulting from them.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

We acknowledged the dean of college of medical and

healthy techniques, Southern Technical University,

Basrah-Iraq, for his support.

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Conflict of Interest: None

Source of Funding: Nil

Paper Citation: Thuwaini MM. Medicinal plants

with antioxidant activity – A review. J Pharm Adv

Res, 2023; 6(11): 1980-2016.

Medicinal plants with antioxidant activity – A review

Abstract

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