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The Pelsonian Substage on the Balaton Highland (Middle Triassic, Hungary)
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... About 25 elements were assigned to this species. The species is also recognized from the base of the Reitzi Zone in Felsőörs, Hungary (Szabo et al., 1980;Kovács, 2003); Han-Bulog Limestone, SE Bosnia (Sudar, 1982); ?middle Bivera Formation, southern Alps, northern Italy (Farabegoli et al., 1984), and southern Alps (Pisa et al., 1980). ...
... Muschelkalk neogondolellins with a single secondary carina developed as nodes posterior of the cusp were assigned to Gondolella mombergensis prava by Kozur (1968a, b), and that designation was adopted by Szabo et al. (1980). Subsequently these forms have generally been assigned to Paragondolella bifurcata (e.g., Kovács, 2003), however the holotype of Neogondolella prava (Kozur, 1968a, pl. 1, fig. 2a, b) is clearly allied with its Germanic associate N. mombergensis, as shown by similar arched platforms, blade-carina configuration, and geniculate anterior platform (see refigured holotype in Orchard and Rieber, 1998, fig. ...
... In Europe, similar elements are known from ?San Ulderico section, NE Italy (Mietto and Petroni, 1979) (no upper view); ? Balaton Highland, Hungary (Szabo et al., 1980;Kovács, 2003) (no lower view); and Idrske Krnice, Slovenia (Kolar-Jurkovšek, 1983). ...
Neogondolella constricta (Mosher and Clark, 1965) from the Prida Formation at Fossil Hill in central Nevada was the first conodont described from Middle Triassic strata in North America. The species has since been widely reported from elsewhere despite uncertainties about its taxonomic scope and that of similar related taxa. Poor definition of these taxa has spawned a diverse nomenclature and inhibited use of the group in biozonation. Starting with a growth series of topotype N . constricta , we reassess allied contemporaneous taxa from North America. In Nevada, 11 conodont taxa are identified: N . constricta , N . aldae Kozur, Krainer, and Mostler, 1994b, N . cornuta Budurov and Stefanov, 1972, N. ex gr. mesotriassica (Kozur and Mostler, 1982), N . postcornuta (Kovács, 1994), N . posterolonga Kozur, Krainer, and Mostler, 1994b, N . quasiconstricta n. sp., N . quasicornuta n. sp., and three subspecies of N . excentrica Budurov and Stefanov, 1972. Successive associations of taxa display symmetry transition in posterior platform configuration. Subdivision of the upper Anisian–lower Ladinian is provided by dominant N . constricta plus relatively uncommon N . quasiconstricta n. sp. and N . excentrica primitiva n. subsp. in the Rotelliformis ammonoid zone. This is followed in the Meeki through the Subasperum zones by dominant N . cornuta , associated N . posterolonga , plus relatively uncommon N . quasicornuta n. sp., and a variety of asymmetric elements: the Meeki Zone includes N . aff. N . cornuta ; the Occidentalis Zone adds N . e . excentrica ; and finally, N . e . sigmoidalis n. subsp. appears in the Subasperum Zone. In British Columbia, the three subspecies of N . excentrica are recognized in, respectively, the Deleeni, Chischa, and Matutinum (and younger) ammonoid zones.
UUID: http://zoobank.org/7d58c8c8-cd68-498f-bb84-5d43de47f779
... Intentions for the establishment of a conodont zonation similar to the ammonoid zonation had formed among conodont specialists, however, such a zonal scheme has never been standardized. The Middle Triassic integrated ammonoid and conodont zonation presented herein (Fig. 12) is a combination of the zonations by Krystyn (1983), Kovács et al. (1994), Kozur (2003), Vörös et al. (2003) and Vörös (2018). Due to the slightly different timing of turnovers in the evolution of ammonoids and conodonts, the boundaries of ammonoid and conodont biozones are often not concurrent (Krystyn, 1983;Kozur, 2003). ...
... As to the position of the Pelsonian-Illyrian boundary (middle-late Anisian) similar problem raises, since a profound change was proposed lately in the ammonoid zonation of this interval. The base of the Illyrian, which was marked for a long time by the upper boundary of the Binodosus Zone/Subzone (e.g., Kovács et al., 1994;Kozur, 2003;Vörös et al., 2003), was suggested to be placed on the upper boundary of the preceding Balatonicus Zone (dashed line in Fig. 12) due to correlative reasons in ammonoid biostratigraphy (Monnet et al., 2008;Balini et al., 2010;Ogg, 2012;Jenks et al., 2015;Vörös, 2018). The upper boundary of the Binodosus Zone/Subzone is an important level in conodont evolution, since it coincides with the disappearance of the typical middle Anisian species Paragondolella bulgarica and Nicoraella kockeli (Germani, 2000;Kozur, 2003;Kovács and Rálisch-Felgenhauer, 2005). ...
... Based on the Physoporella dasycladalean algae from sample Kd-5, this level of the Tagyon Fm can be assigned to the Pelsonian Substage of the Anisian (Budai and Haas, 1997;Vörös et al., 2003). The conodont assemblage from the lower part of the Vászoly Fm indicates the upper Illyrianlower Fassanian interval (upper Paragondolella trammeri Zone to lower Neogondolella praehungarica Zone; Figs. 4, 12) based on similar faunas of Kovács et al. (1980), Kovács (1993, 1994, 2011) and Brack et al. (2005, although the zonal marker species N. praehungarica is absent in the sample. ...
The stratigraphic and paleoecologic investigations of the Middle Triassic Kádárta section of the western part of the Transdanubian Range (Hungary) let an insight to the drowning of an isolated carbonate platform and the deposition of the following pelagic successions in deep neritic and bathyal environment. The biostratigraphic and radiometric ages revealed the presence of a gap between the Pelsonian (Middle Anisian) shallow-marine carbonates and the overlying deep-water succession, since the onset of pelagic sedimentation was dated as late Illyrian (latest Anisian). This suggests that the study area was located on a relatively high paleotopographic position after the break-up of the Neotethys in the late Pelsonian. Correlation with other localities of the western Neotethys indicates that some sections were located either on rapidly subsiding blocks (e.g., Klisura – Dinarides, Schreierkogel – Northern Calcareous Alps, Baradla Cave – Aggtelek-Rudabánya Unit) or on more emerged highs (Rid – Dinarides). The integrated ammonoid and conodont biostratigraphy accompanied by UPb ages provided a good opportunity for correlations with Ladinian key sections (Bagolino, Monte San Giorgio, Rio Nigra) from the Southern Alps.
... , who first described several conodont species, including Neogondolella mombergensis and Nicoraella kockeli. From then on, Middle Triassic conodonts were identified from the Muschelkalk facies across Europe (e.g., Chen et al., 2019;Escudero-Mozo et al., 2015;Kozur, 2003;Vörös, 2003;Zawidzka, 1975). In North America, Middle Triassic conodonts have been described from the Prida Formation (Fm.) in northwestern Nevada of the USA (Mosher, 1968;Mosher and Clark, 1965), and from the Montney and Doig formations of the western Canada Sedimentary Basin of British Columbia in Canada (Golding, 2018;Golding andOrchard, 2018, 2016;Golding et al., 2014;Orchard and Tozer, 1997). ...
... Nicoraella kockeli was thought to have evolved from Ni. germanica Narkiewicz and Szulc, 2004;Meco, 1999;Trammer, 1975), which was first reported from the lower Muschelkalk of the Germanic Basin in German (Tatge, 1956) and characterizes the Pelsonian both in the Germanic Basin and the Tethyan oceanic areas (Kozur, 2003;Nicora, 1977). Subsequently, this species has been widely identified in Nevada of the USA (Carey, 1984;Nicora, 1977), Malaysia (Metcalfe, 1990), Poland (Narkiewicz and Szulc, 2004;Narkiewicz, 1999;Trammer, 1975Trammer, , 1972Trammer, , 1971Zawidzka, 1975), Austria (Kozur et al., 1994), Albania (Meco, 1999), and the Balaton Highland in Hungry (Vörös, 2003). In China, the Ni. ...
... Paragondolella bulgarica is a widespread species in Middle Triassic strata, which was originally reported from the Golo-Bardo Mountains in Bulgaria . This species is also found in the Holy Cross Mountains and the Muschelkalk facies in Poland (Narkiewicz and Szulc, 2004;Trammer, 1975Trammer, , 1972Zawidzka, 1975) and eastern Iberia (Escudero-Mozo et al., 2015), the pelagic strata of Albania (Meco, 1999), Nevada of the USA (Nicora, 1977), northeastern Spain (Márquez-Aliaga et al., 2000), and the Balaton Highland in Hungry (Vörös, 2003). In China, Pg. bulgarica was recorded in the Guanling Fm. (Sun et al., 2014, the Xinyuan Fm. (Xie et al., 2019;Ding and Huang, 1990), the Poduan Fm. (Bo et al., 2017), the Qingyan Fm. (Ji et al., 2011), the Yangliujing Fm. (Chen and Wang, 2009) and the Guandao wedges (Wang et al., 2005) in Guizhou. ...
The Nanpanjiang Basin is a key area for paleontological and biostratigraphical study of the Middle Triassic. Herein we studied Middle Triassic conodonts from a well-exposed section, the Shaiwa Section, which is located at the northwest end of the Nanpanjiang Basin. A total of six Anisian conodont zones are recognized; in ascending order, they are: the Nicoraella germanica Zone, the Nicoraella kockeli Zone, the Paragondolella bulgarica Zone, the Neogondolella constricta Zone, the Neogondolella cornuta Zone, and the Paragondolella excelsa Zone, respectively. The first occurrence of Nicoraella kockeli defines the Bithynian-Pelsonian boundary. The Pelsonian-Illyrian boundary is defined by the first occurrence of Neogondolella constricta. The Anisian-Ladinian boundary cannot be recognized at the Shaiwa Section due to the absence of conodont indicative of the Ladinian. However, the new conodont data indicate that the uppermost strata could be very close to the boundary. The abrasion of conodont surfaces provides evidence for demonstrating reworking at the Shaiwa Section, which makes some conodonts possess a longer stratigraphic range than previously recorded. The variation in relative abundance between blade-shaped conodonts and platform conodonts indicates that segminiplanate elements probably preferred deeper and oxygenated environments whereas a restricted marine environment is more suitable for segminate elements.
... Among this fauna, only one specimen of ammonoid ascribed to Bulogites zoldianus (Mojsisovics, 1882) (specimen EA12, MGP- Gianolla et al., 1998, modified PD 31919) (legit G. Cracco) was found. This species is peculiar of the binodosus Subzone (sensu Mietto & Manfrin, 1995a; for a sightly different correlation, see Vörös, 2003;Monnet et al., 2008;Jenks et al., 2015), and it is known from the Pelsonian of Southern Alps to the Balaton highlands. The identification of this specimen confirms the Pelsonian age of the Recoaro Limestone, in agreement with the brachiopod age (see Barbieri et al., 1980). ...
... Occurrence and Age -The specimen has been found in situ in the basal part of the Sturia Limestone interfingered with the latest conglomeratic beds of the Tretto Conglomerate. At present, the genus Norites is documented only in the Mediterranean area, e.g. in the Balaton area (Vörös, 2003). In the Southern Alps its age is comprised between the latest Bithynian of the Cima Valmedan section (Mt. ...
... Noetlingites is a typical Lower Muschelkalk genus but it was found also outside the German Basin: Grossreifling in Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria (Tatzreiter, 2001), Aszöfö II section in the Balaton Highland, Hungary (Vörös, 2003). The Hungarites sp. ...
Between the mid 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, several Austrian and German geologists such as Beyrich, Mojsisovics and Tornquist, studied the geology of the Recoaro area (NE Italy). They described important ammonoid faunas, the majority being collected from a stratigraphic unit known as the Nodosus Formation. Among these faunas are problematic species that have been the focus of long discussion both from a biostratigraphic and taxonomic point of view. Unfortunately, most of the historical material has been either destroyed or lost, and recent studies in the field provided only a few scarce specimens thus making taxonomic revision difficult. One of the unresolved issues is related to the possible occurrence of the ceratitids peculiar to the Upper Muschelkalk of the Central Europa (Germanic) Basin and the Sephardic Triassic province among the Alpine ammonoids. An unexpected discovery of an old ammonoid collection stored at the Museo Geologico e Paleontologico of Padova University (MGP-PD) permitted confirmation of the presence of a distinctive ammonoid species Alloceratites tornquisti (Philippi) within the Triassic Recoaro domain. Two other species of Alloceratites have also been found in the Val Gola section near Trento. These occurrences are significant taxonomically, biostratigraphically and in relation to Middle Triassic sequence stratigraphy.
... In lower and upper Silesia these taxa occur below levels with the first specimens of Balatonites (B. ottonis group) also known from Tethyan successions (see Brack et al. 1999 for a summary and references) and considered pre-Pelsonian in age (Vörös 2003a). ...
New Anisian to Ladinian palynology, palynofacies and stable carbon isotope records are reported for the Middle Triassic from deep Swiss wells (Weiach, Benken, Leuggern), well B3/13 (Weizen, S-Germany) and the type area of the Freudenstadt Formation in southern Germany.
A wide spectrum of moderately to well-preserved palynomorphs represent a high Middle Triassic plant diversity. Based on the distribution of diverse spore-pollen assemblages five Anisian Palynozones (A–E) and two Ladinian ones (F, G) are differentiated. Throughout these Palynozones the occurrence of spores and pollen, assigned to plant groups so far known only from the Palaeozoic, shed a new light on the evolution of plant assemblages during the Triassic. The comparison of Palynozones A–G with palynostratigraphic schemes from the central part of the Germanic Basin and from the Tethyan realm demonstrate the regional variability of marker species ranges – especially for the Anisian.
In agreement with the lithological record, two prominent transgressive events (Lower Muschelkalk, Upper Muschelkalk) are indicated by increased abundances of marine particulate organic matter in palynofacies data. Marginal marine influence is documented at the base of the studied interval, comprising the Buntsandstein and the base of the Lower Muschelkalk. Carbonate carbon isotopes data show a negative shift at the boundary between Lower and Middle Muschelkalk. Coincidently, a prominent change in relative abundances of climate-sensitive plant groups (e.g. Triadispora spp. vs. Pteridophytes) indicate a change to relatively dryer climatic conditions during the Middle
Muschelkalk.
... Late Aegean-Early Bithynian Information about the age of the lithological units comes from Fürsich andWendt (1977), Broglio Loriga et al. (1990), Brack and Rieber (1993), Brack et al. (1996), Vörös (2003), Manfrin et al. Dolomite', now interpreted as the platform facies of the Rosszähne Fm. ...
The Schlern and Seiser Alm area (South Tyrol, Italy) is a classical locality for studies of Middle Triassic platform to basin transitions, yet details of the palaeoecology of the rich benthic faunas of this area have been insufficiently known. We present herein a detailed palaeoecological study of the fauna from the Schlernplateau beds (Late Ladinian to Early Carnian) and the more or less time-equivalent Pachycardientuffe (Late Ladinian), which is based on quantitative faunal data. Both the palaeoecology and sedimentary features suggest that the fauna of the Schlernplateau beds represents a lagoonal soft-bottom fauna. The high species richness of the fauna and the locally restricted occurrences of fossils indicate an open-lagoon setting
palaeogeographically close to an ocean inlet. The high evenness of the fauna is probably a result of time-averaging. In contrast, the fauna of the Pachycardientuffe shows clear indications of transportation. Ecological features of this fauna and palaeogeographic reconstructions suggest three potential source areas: (1) the lagoon represented by the Schlernplateau beds, (2) the reef fringing this lagoon and (3) a shallow clastic coast of a nearby volcanic island and/or submarine high.
A comparison between diversities of selected Early and Middle Triassic lithological units revealed the increasing species richness of all major benthic taxa during the Middle Triassic and a shift from bivalve-dominated Early Triassic faunas to gastropod-dominated faunas.
https://rdcu.be/3ukW
Diverse shallow marine fossil assemblages from the Changhsingian Bellerophon Formation (Dolomites) record late Palaeozoic marine life immediately before the end-Permian mass extinction. We classified c. 6500 bivalves from western Dolomites localities, identifying 26 species including one new family (Ladinomyidae), three new genera (Ladinomya, Lovaralucina, Gardenapecten) and 10 new species: Acharax frenademezi, Bakevellia (Bakevellia) preromangica, Edmondia hautmanni, Etheripecten stuflesseri, Ladinomya fosteri, Lovaralucina covidi, Palaeolima badiotica, Promytilus merlai, Tambanella? stetteneckensis and Volsellina carinata. The occurrence of three Eumorphotis species with different stratigraphic distributions, leads us to propose an upper Permian ‘Lower Eumorphotis Zone’, divided into E. praecurrens, E. striatocostata and E. lorigae subzones, and distinct from the existing Lower Triassic Eumorphotis Zone (here renamed ‘Upper Eumorphotis Zone’). Palaeoecological analysis produced six biofacies and four ecofacies, based on richness, dominance and ecological lifestyle. The bivalves inhabited lagoonal to nearshore environments affected by stressed conditions: high temperatures, high salinity, shallow water depths, low oxygen and high terrigenous input. The upper Bellerophon Fm is characterized by increasingly fully marine conditions, although eurytopic taxa still suggest stressed conditions. Bivalve richness of the upper Permian Bellerophon and Lower Triassic Werfen formations was compared to estimate the genus-level extinction rate. The disappearance of almost half (47%) of Bellerophon Fm genera is remarkably low compared with other, coeval bivalve faunas. Pre-extinction bivalve faunas were dominated by stress-adapted taxa (Unionites, Eumorphotis, Bakevellia, Towapteria) able to thrive in extreme environmental conditions, survive the end-Permian mass extinction, and become the dominant biotic component of Lower Triassic benthic communities globally.
Recent collecting of the classic Middle Anisian fossil site of the Akol Hill at Barnag (Nagyvázsony Plateau, Balaton Highland) yielded a plenty of new palaeontological data.The Middle Anisian platform carbonate succession (Tagyon Formation) is overlain by 1-2 metres thick reddish, nodular, crinoidal limestone (Vászoly Formation) that contains a very rich fossil assemblage with ammonoids, nautiloids and brachiopods. Some vertebrate fossils were also found. Besides fish teeth, remains of marine reptiles are also present in the fauna. Four vertebrae, a piece of a rib, as well as a tooth crown fragment have also been found.Based on the geological buildup and the new biostratigraphic data the active stage of the Barnag Platform was much shorter than that of the other two Middle Anisian platforms of the Balaton Highland (Tagyon Platform, Kádárta Platform). The ammonoid fauna of the lowermost thin limestone bed above the Tagyon Formation contains elements reworked from the Balatonicus Zone. The overlying some beds contain a very rich lower Illyrian ammonoid fauna which is more diverse than the equivalent faunas of the Tagyon Platform and the Kádárta Platform. The ammonites of the Balatonicus Zone in the basal part of the Vászoly Formation prove that the drowning of the Barnag Platform occured even during the Pelsonian, earlier than in the case of the Tagyon and the Kádárta Platforms where the oldest basin sediments are mid-Illyrian (Camunum Subzone of the Trinodosus Zone) above the drowning surface.The Akol Hill locality also provided the first known occurrence of ichthyosaurs like Cymbospondylus, predators that probably dwelled mostly open marine environments but also might have been well adapted for hunting in shallow environments like submarine highs.
In the Middle Anisian, extensional tectonic movements led to the development of isolated carbonate platforms in the area of the southwestern part of the Transdanubian Range. The platforms are made up of meter-scale peritidal–lagoonal cycles bounded by subaerial exposure surfaces. One of the platform successions (Tagyon Platform) consists predominantly of limestone that contains partially and completely dolomitized intervals, whereas the other one (Kádárta Platform) is completely dolomitized. Drowning of the platforms took place in the latest Pelsonian to the early Illyrian interval when submarine highs came into existence and then condensed pelagic carbonate successions with volcanic tuff interbeds were deposited on the top of the drowned platforms from the late Illyrian up to the late Ladinian. The comparative study of dolomitization of the coeval platforms, affected by different diagenetic histories, is discussed in the current paper. Traces of probably microbially-mediated early dolomitization were preserved in the slightly dolomitized successions of the Tagyon Platform. This might also have been present in the successions of the Kádárta Platform, but was overprinted by geothermal dolomitization along the basinward platform margin and by pervasive reflux dolomitization in the internal parts of the platform. The Carnian evolution of the two submarine highs was different, and this may have significantly influenced the grade of the shallow to deeper burial dolomitization.
A Kárpát–Pannon-térség makroszkópikus méretű gerinctelen ősmaradványainak kutatása gazdag tudományos ismeretanyagot szolgáltatott az elmúlt mintegy másfél évszázadban. A legtöbbet tanulmányozott ősmaradványcsoport a puhatestűek voltak, a mezozoikumban leginkább az ammoniteszek, a kainozoikumban pedig a kagylók és a csigák. A legjobban megkutatott terület a Dunántúli-középhegység, azon belül pedig a Bakony, amely bizonyos korokban és ősmaradványcsoportokban világviszonylatban is kiemelkedő gazdagságú anyagot adott. A magyarországi őslénytani kutatást számos kiemelkedő egyéni teljesítmény: sokat forgatott és idézett monográfiák, rétegtani értelmezések, az adott terület geológiai fejlődését és az adott kor élővilágának fejlődését új megvilágításba helyező tanulmányok fémjelzik. Ezek mellett voltak olyan kutatócsoportok és többgenerációs tudományos iskolák, amelyek tartósan vagy ismétlődően kiemelkedően magas színvonalú, külföldön is elismert eredményeket produkáltak bizonyos kutatási területeken. Ilyen volt a Balaton-felvidéki triász kutatása, a dunántúli-középhegységi és mecseki jura kutatása, a Paratethys-tenger oligocénjének, azaz a kiscelli és egri emeletnek az őslénytani kutatása, és a késő miocén–pliocén Pannon-tó élővilágának és üledékeinek, azaz a pannóniai emeletnek a kutatása. Dolgozatunk a 150 éves fennállását ünneplő Földtani Közlöny ünnepi évfolyamában megjelenő cikkek sorához kapcsolódva, geológiai időrend szerint veszi leltárba – a teljesség igénye nélkül – a Kárpát–Pannon-térségben született legfontosabb gerinctelen őslénytani eredményeket – amelyeknek egy jelentős része éppen ebben a folyóiratban jelent meg.
Conodonts from the Choc nappe of the Low Tatra Mts., associated with ammonoids species characteristic of Niveau 3 of Assereto, and from the Mecsek Mts., (with P. binodosus) are described. They indicate that localities belong to the Paraceratites binodosus Zone. Contributions are given to the problem of this Zone. -Authors
The basal part of the Buchenstein Formation corresponding to the Reitzi Zone as introduced by Bockh (1873) has been studied in detail in several sections in the type region in the Balaton area. The Reitzi Zone as the basal Ladinian (Norische Stufe at that time) was defined by Mojsisovics (1882) on the basis of an assemblage of characteristic ammonoid species. The new bed-by-bed collections in several sections in the Balaton area have revealed that these characteristic taxa appear in definite faunal horizons. Since the Reitzi Zone is regarded as the basal zone of the Ladinian, the base of this stage should be drawn at the lowermost, felsoeoersensis horizon. -Author
Results of the studies on morphology of some Terebratulida from the Muschelkalk sediments from the border of the Holy Cross Mts. have been presented. It has been stated basing on the analysis of the inner parts of the shells performed using the method of serial transverse sections that the hitherto conducted determinations of the majority specimens of the Terebratulida in the area under discussion as Coenothyris vulgaris (Schlotheim) cannot be concerned as sufficient. Two new species have been described at present: Aulacothyroides alius sp.n. and Sulcatinella subsulcata sp.n. The geographical extent of Aulacothyroides Dagis, 1965, the genus known up to now only in the Upper Silesia, has been moved recently north-eastwards into the area of the Holy Cross Mts. The fact of appearance of Sulicatinella Dagis, 1974 found in the Holy Cross Mts., on Podlasie and possibly in the Upper Silesia causes a distinct change in geographical extent of this genus in Europe. His geographical extent has been moved from Hungary towards the north onto the area of Central Poland.